Converter with oscillator and a system of converter with oscillator coupled with a load

Abstract

Converter with oscillator characterized in that it comprises an input for connecting the phase through a first node to cathode of a first diode as well as to anode of a second diode, where the first diode has anode connected through a third node to anode of a third diode as well as to a first output, wherein cathode of a third diode is connected through a fourth node to the anode of a fourth diode as well as to neutral conductor or to a second phase as well as to a second output, wherein the fourth diode has an anode connected to a third output and through a second node to the cathode of the second diode, wherein parallelly to the second node and to the third node at least one oscillator circuit comprising a bifilar coil with a first winding and a second winding and at least one capacitor is connected. Another object of the invention is a system comprising a converter with oscillator and a load as well as a three-phase system.

Claims

1. A converter with an oscillator connected to an AC voltage supply via a first phase input terminal and a neutral conductor or a second phase input terminal comprises: the first phase input terminal of the converter for connecting the phase through a first node to a cathode of a first diode as well as to an anode of a second diode, where the first diode has an anode connected through a third node to an anode of a third diode as well as to a first output terminal of the converter, wherein a cathode of the third diode is connected through a fourth node to an anode of a fourth diode as well as to the neutral conductor or to the second phase input terminal of the converter as well as to a second output terminal of the converter, wherein the fourth diode has a cathode connected to a third output terminal of the converter and through a second node to a cathode of the second diode, wherein between the second node and the third node one or more mutually parallelized oscillator circuits comprising a bifilar coil with a first winding and a second winding, and at least one capacitor, are connected; wherein the oscillator circuit is connected so that the first winding of the bifilar coil through the first capacitor and the first end of the second winding of the bifilar coil are connected to the third node, while the other end of the first winding of the bifilar coil and the other end of the second winding of the bifilar coil through the second capacitor are connected to the second node.

2. A converter with an oscillator connected to an AC voltage supply via a first phase input terminal and a neutral conductor or a second phase input terminal comprises the first phase input terminal of the converter for connecting the phase through a first node to a cathode of a first diode as well as to an anode of a second diode, where the first diode has an anode connected through a third node to an anode of a third diode as well as to a first output terminal of the converter, wherein a cathode of the third diode is connected through a fourth node to an anode of a fourth diode as well as to the neutral conductor or to the second phase input terminal of the converter as well as to a second output terminal of the converter, wherein the fourth diode has a cathode connected to a third output terminal of the converter and through a second node to a cathode of the second diode, wherein between the second node and the third node one or more mutually parallelized oscillator circuits comprising a bifilar coil with a first winding and a second winding, and at least one capacitor, are connected; wherein the oscillator circuit is connected so that the first ends of the first winding of the bifilar coil and of the second winding of the bifilar coil are directly connected to the third node and the other ends of the first winding of the bifilar coil and of the second winding of the bifilar coil are connected through at least one capacitor to the second node.

3. A converter with an oscillator connected to an AC voltage supply via a first phase input terminal and a neutral conductor or a second phase input terminal comprises the first phase input terminal of the converter for connecting the phase through a first node to a cathode of a first diode as well as to an anode of a second diode, where the first diode has an anode connected through a third node to an anode of a third diode as well as to a first output terminal of the converter, wherein a cathode of the third diode is connected through a fourth node to an anode of a fourth diode as well as to the neutral conductor or to the second phase input terminal of the converter as well as to a second output terminal of the converter, wherein the fourth diode has a cathode connected to a third output terminal of the converter and through a second node to a cathode of the second diode, wherein between the second node and the third node one or more mutually parallelized oscillator circuits comprising a bifilar coil with a first winding and a second winding, and at least a first and second capacitor, are connected; wherein the oscillator circuit is connected so that the first ends of the first winding of the bifilar coil and of the second winding of the bifilar coil are directly connected to the third node and the other end of the first winding of the bifilar coil is through the first capacitor and the other end of the second winding of the bifilar coil is through the second capacitor connected to the second node.

4. The converter with the oscillator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the capacitance of capacitors in particular branches of the oscillator circuit equals to entire /2 multiples of inductance XL of the bifilar coil comprising the first winding and the second winding 20%.

5. The converter with the oscillator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the overall capacitance XC of capacitors connected in the oscillator circuit equals to entire /2 multiples of inductance XL of the bifilar coil comprising the first winding and the second winding 20%.

6. The converter with the oscillator according to claim 1 wherein the capacitance of the first capacitor equals to capacitance of the second capacitor and it further equals to entire /2 multiples of inductance XL of the bifilar coil comprising the first winding and the second winding.

7. The converter with the oscillator according to claim 5 wherein the overall capacitance XC of capacitors connected in the oscillator circuit equals to entire /2 multiples of inductance XL of the bifilar coil comprising the first winding and the second winding.

8. The converter with the oscillator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein two mutually parallelized oscillator circuits are connected in between the second node and the third node.

9. A system comprising converter with oscillator according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein a first load is connected to the first output terminal of the converter and to the second output terminal of the converter, and a second load is connected to the second output terminal of the converter and to the third output terminal of the converter, wherein resistance of the first load equals to resistance of the second load 20%.

10. The system according to claim 9 wherein the resistance of the first load equals to resistance of the second load.

11. The system according to claim 9 wherein the resistance of the loads are equal to the inductance XL of the bifilar coil 20%.

12. The system according to claim 9 wherein the resistance of the loads ranges between 12 and 150.

13. The system according to claim 9 wherein the number of turns in each winding of the bifilar coil ranges between 50 and 6000 turns.

14. A three-phase system wherein it consists of three systems according to claim 9 connected in a cascade so that the first converter with oscillator is connected between the first phase input terminal of the converter and the second phase input terminal of the converter, the second converter with oscillator is connected between the second phase input terminal of the converter and the third phase terminal of the converter and the third converter with oscillator is connected between the third phase input terminal of the converter and the first phase input terminal of the converter.

15. The converter with the oscillator according to claim 3 wherein the capacitance of the first capacitor equals to capacitance of the second capacitor and it further equals to entire /2 multiples of inductance XL of the bifilar coil comprising the first winding and the second winding.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The attached drawings serve to illustrate the summary of the invention, where

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a scheme of one-phase connection of converter and CL-LC oscillator according to the invention.

(3) FIG. 2a illustrates a scheme of one-phase connection of a system of converter and CL-LC oscillator connected with a load according to the invention.

(4) FIG. 2b illustrates a scheme of two-phase connection of a system of converter and CL-LC oscillator connected with a load according to the invention.

(5) FIG. 3 illustrates a scheme of connection of a system of converter and two CL-LC oscillators with connected with a load according to the invention.

(6) FIG. 4 illustrates a scheme of a three-phase connection with three systems of converter and CL-LC oscillator connected with a load according to the invention.

(7) FIG. 5 illustrates an experimental installation of 6 converters with CL-LC oscillator according to the invention in a furnace

(8) FIG. 6 illustrates a scheme of experimental installationair test bench in standard connection without converter and the oscillator according to the invention

(9) FIG. 7 illustrates a scheme of experimental installation of converter with CL-LC oscillator according to the invention on the input into air test bench.

(10) FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of the progress of temperatures measured in air test bench with converter as well as without converter.

(11) FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram of temperature acceleration measured in air test bench with converter as well as without converter

(12) FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of measured achieved temperature values in air test bench with converter in steady mode.

(13) FIG. 11 illustrates a scheme of connection of converter with LC oscillator according to the invention.

(14) FIG. 12 illustrates a scheme of connection of system of converter and LC oscillator with a load according to the invention.

(15) FIG. 13 illustrates a scheme of connection of converter and LC-LC oscillator according to the invention.

(16) FIG. 14 illustrates a scheme of connection of a system of converter with LC-LC oscillator connected with a load according to the invention.

(17) FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram of the progress of voltages measures on the input of the load connected according to the FIG. 2a.

(18) FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of the progress of voltages measured on the loads connected according to the FIG. 2a.

(19) FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram of the progress of measured currents on the input and on the loads connected according to the FIG. 2a.

(20) FIG. 18 illustrates a diagram of progress of the measured current on the loads connected according to the FIG. 2a.

(21) FIG. 19 illustrates a diagram of progress of measured voltages and current on the input and voltages and current on the R2 load in the connection according to the FIG. 2a, 230V/50 Hz as standard.

(22) FIG. 20 illustrates a diagram of progress of measured voltages and current values on the R2 load in the connection according to the FIG. 2a, 230V/50 Hz as standard.

(23) FIG. 21 illustrates progress of voltage, current and resistance on the neutral conductor in the connection according to the FIG. 2a.

(24) FIG. 22 illustrates a test block scheme of the connection of a system of converter and oscillator with three-phase power distributor connected with a load.

(25) FIG. 23 illustrates a diagram of testing measured progresses of temperature dependence and input power dependence on time according to the FIG. 22.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(26) The scheme of connection of the converter with the CL-LC type of an oscillator in an exemplary embodiment is illustrated in the FIG. 1a. At the first phase input terminal 5 of the converter the phases of converter with oscillator are parallelly connected through the first node 9 to the cathode of the first diode 1 as well as to the anode of the second diode 2, where the first diode 1 has the anode connected through the third node 11 to the anode of the third diode 3 as well as to the first output terminal 17 of the converter, wherein the cathode of the third diode 3 is connected through the fourth node 12 to the anode of the fourth diode 4 as well as to the neutral conductor 15 (FIG. 1a) or to the second phase input terminal 16 (not shown) of the converter and also to the second output terminal 18 of the converter, wherein the fourth diode 4 has the cathode connected to the third output terminal 19 of the converter as well as to the cathode of the second diode 2 via the second node 10, which results in a standard Graetz bridge connection. Between the second node 10 and the third node 11, one oscillator circuit 20 is connected, which further comprises the bifilar coil 6 with the first winding 21 and the second winding 22 and two capacitors. Oscillator circuit 20 is connected so that the first end of the first winding 21 of the bifilar coil 6 is connected via the first capacitor 7 and the first end of the second winding 22 of bifilar coil 6 is directly connected to the third node 11, while the other end of the first winding 21 of the bifilar coil 6 is directly connected and the other end of the second winding 22 of the bifilar coil 6 is connected via the second capacitor 8 to the second node 10.

(27) FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate a scheme of connection of a system of converter with CL-LC oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention. The converter embodiment is the same as it is illustrateed in the FIG. 1a and supplemented by loads as follows. The first load 13 is connected to the first output terminal 17 of the converter and to the second output terminal 18 of the converter and the second load 14 is connected to the second output terminal 18 of the converter and to the third output terminal 19 of the converter, wherein resistance of the first load 13 is the same as the resistance of the second load 14 20%. In our exemplary embodiment, the loads are represented by a ceramic heating element, on which two identical resistances of 30 are arranged. Capacitances of the first capacitor 7 and of the second capacitor 8 are equal to 3/2 multiple of the inductance of the bifilar coil 6, in this case the inductance of the bifilar coil 6 is 30 and capacitance of each capacitor 7 and 8 is 94.2.

(28) Second exemplary embodiment of a system of converter and CL-LC type of oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention is connected in the same manner, as it is in the first embodiment (corresponds to the connection in the FIG. 2). In this embodiment, loads 13 and 14 are also represented by the ceramic heating element, in this case with resistances of 26. Inductance of the bifilar coil 6 is 26 and capacitance of each capacitor 7 and 8 is 81.64.

(29) Preferred embodiment of the system of converter coupled with a load according to the invention is illustrated in the FIG. 3. In this case, the converter is provided with two CL-LC oscillator circuits, which was proven to be a preferred variant when we want to connect loads with low resistance and high current load. In this embodiment, two identical and mutually parallel CL-LC oscillator circuits are connected in parallel to the second node 10 and the third node 11.

(30) FIG. 4 illustrates a scheme of a three-phase connection with three systems of converter and oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention. In this case, three converters with CL-LC type of oscillators are used, wherein two loads are connected to each converter. Three converters with oscillator are connected into a cascade, so that the converter 1 is connected between phases L1 and L2, converter 2 is connected between phases L2 and L3 and converter 3 is connected between phases L3 and L1.

(31) Effects of both converter connections according to the invention were tested in several practical applications.

(32) FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a three-phase connection in an experimental installation on a furnace. The converter with the oscillator has been experimentally installed in the baking oven Revent in a standard operation. This oven is provided with 27 units standard heating resistance elements Backer S 1136 with resistance of 21. The temperature in the oven which is in a constant three-shift operation, is maintained at 105 C. An empty oven is preheated to 205 C. (mode 1) before putting in a batch of bakery goods, after the goods are put in the oven the heating increases up to the standard baking temperature 280 C. (mode 2). In a standard oven connection, i.e. without using converters, all resistance elements are used for heating. When heating the oven using the converter with the oscillator according to the invention, 6 converters with CL-LC type of converters were connected into a cascade, each provided with the bifilar coil with inductance XL of 21 and two capacitors with a capacitance of Xc1 and Xc2=65.9 (50 F) connected as it is illustrated in the FIG. 5. Converters with oscillator were connected to the power supply through their own electrometer and common contactor. The oven was provided with a temperature sensor, which regulated the operation of contactor. After the hot air had been distributed, forced circulation by means of a fan was ensured. Only 12 pieces of heating elements were used for heating (2 resistive heating elements were connected to each converter).

(33) Measurements have been performed repeatedly before the installation of the converter (standard embodiment) and after the installation of 6 converters (connection with converter), always at the same baking mode and the same amount. Acceleration of temperature from 105 C. to 205 C. was measured (mode 1) and then another increase from 217 C. to 280 C. (mode 2). Time and consumption were also measured.

(34) Measurement in the Standard Embodiment, i.e. Converter not Connected:

(35) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mode 1 in the standard embodiment: Time Temperature C. Consumption kW 7:07 105 7:14 205 7.3

(36) Overall heating time of an empty furnace from 105 C. to 205 C. in this standard embodiment with 62.5 kWh measured input power was 7 min, wherein the consumption was 7.3 kW.

(37) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Mode 2 in the standard embodiment: Time Temperature C. Consumption kW 7:17 217 7:26 280 10.8

(38) Overall heating time of furnace with inserted bakery goods from 217 C. to 280 C. in this standard embodiment with 72 kWh measured input power was 9 min, wherein the consumption was 10.8 kW.

(39) Measurement in a Connection with Converter:

(40) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mode 1 in a connection with converter: Time Temperature C. Consumption kW 8:14 105 8:22 205 5.9

(41) Overall heating time of the furnace with inserted bakery goods from 105 C. to 205 C. in the embodiment with connected converters with 44.25 kWh of measured input was 8 min, wherein the consumption was 5.9 kW.

(42) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Mode 2 in a connection with converter: Time Temperature C. Consumption kW 8:28 217 8:39 280 8.9

(43) Overall heating time of furnace with inserted bakery goods from 217 C. to 280 C. in an embodiment with connected converters with 48.54 kWh of measured input power was 11 min, wherein the consumption was 8.9 kW.

(44) In an experimental connection with converter in the mode 1 in contrast to the standard connection 19.7% of energy is saved, wherein the heating time is negligibly extended from 7 min to 8 min. In the mode 2 in contrast to the standard connection 17.9% of energy is saved, wherein the heating time extends from 9 min to 11 min.

(45) The effectivity of industrial applicability of the converter in bakeries' practice was proved by means of this experimental installation.

(46) Another experimental installation (not shown in the drawings), in which the converter was tested, was an installation of the converter in sauna.

(47) Sauna heater SAVO 18 kW was used for the connection, in which 9 pieces of heating elements 2 kW/230V/26 were installed. Two converters according to the invention connected into a cascade were used for the connection in sauna. Two elements 2 kW/230V/26 were connected to each converter. The converters with oscillators were identical, the capacitance of capacitors was 83 (40 F) and the inductance of coils was 26.5.

(48) In a standard connection, i.e. not connected converters, the measurements had been repeatedly carried out during one week:

(49) The average power consumption during the first run in the given day to heat an empty sauna from 41 C. to 92 C. reached 14 kW. During the operation of already heated sauna (tempering) the average consumption was 69.13 kW per day.

(50) In a connection of converters and heating by means of four resistive heating elements measurements on everyday basis had been carried out throughout one month:

(51) The average consumption in the first run in the given day to heat an empty sauna from 41 C. to 92 C. was 8.91 kW. During the operation of already heated sauna (tempering) the average consumption was 55.215 kW per day.

(52) It means that the amount of energy saved during the operation with converter during the first heating of sauna, which was always carried out under the same conditions, was 36% on average, while the amount of energy saved during custom all-day operation is around 20%.

(53) Control elements (thermostats and time relays) were set identically in both cases. Sauna was still controlled by the same control unit with the same program.

(54) Third experimental installation used for testing the converter according to the invention was an installation of the converter on an air testbed.

(55) Comparative measurement of performance of the connected resistive heating element was carried out on an air testbed, once with the converter, see the FIG. 6, and once without the converter, see the FIG. 7. The measurement assembly consists of an 180 cm long tube consisting of two coaxial tubes from zinc, the first one with diameter of 200 mm and the second with diameter of 300 mm, wherein the space between the tubes was filled with thermal insulation, and the tube is further fitted onto a fan with the capacity of 800 m.sup.3 of air per 1 hour. Ceramic resistive heating element with the following electrical properties 32/150 V is attached in the tube.

(56) A temperature sensor, which measures the temperature of air at the input, is arranged in front of the fan. Another temperature sensor is attached in the tube in order to measure the temperature at the output. This sensor is approximately 1 meter far from the end of the heating element.

(57) At first, the measurement of an output temperature of air with connected converters, with wattmeter arranged before them, was carried out. During heating in this circuit input power and temperature of air at the input and the temperature of air at the output were measured at first. Input power of 2280 W was read on the wattmeter and the input and output temperature was measured. For the measurement without converter the wattmeter was arranged behind the regulating transformer, on which the same input power as in the first measurement, thus 2280 W, was set. Subsequently, the input and output power was measured. Resistive element was identical in both cases.

(58) Results of the first set of verification measurement on air testbed:

(59) In the first test on the air testbed an identical testing time was set. The measurement results are as follows:

(60) Testing time without converter . . . 2.400 sec.

(61) Testing time with converter . . . 2.400 sec.

(62) Energy consumption without converter . . . 2.320 kW/h

(63) Energy consumption with converter . . . 2.280 kW/h

(64) Reached temperature difference of the input/output air without converter . . . 18.75 C.

(65) Reached temperature difference of input/output air with converter . . . 21.29 C.

(66) Difference of temperatures . . . 2.54 C. i.e. 13.52%

(67) The presented results are the average of 5 measurement cycles. Average changes in temperatures with and without converter are compared.

(68) In the second test on the air testbed, the same target air temperature was determined in both measurements. The results are as follows:

(69) In this measurement, we focused on reached the same temperature by using the converter as well as without it. Average output air temperature of 36.1 C. was determined as a reference temperature.

(70) Initial temperature without converter . . . 15.4 C.

(71) Initial temperature with converter . . . 15.4 C.

(72) Time of reaching 36 C. without converter . . . 954 sec.

(73) Time of reaching 36 C. with converter . . . 668 sec.

(74) Energy consumption without converter . . . 614.8 W/h

(75) Energy consumption with converter . . . 423.1 W/h

(76) Saved power . . . 31.19%

(77) The same input power of 2280 kW was used in both cases, therefore it may be concluded that 31.19% less energy is consumed in order to achieve the same output temperature.

(78) 3. Steady Mode

(79) Testing time without converter . . . 900 sec.

(80) Testing time with converter . . . 900 sec.

(81) Consumed energy without converter . . . 580 W/h

(82) Consumed energy with converter . . . 570 W/h

(83) Reached input/output temperature difference without converter . . . 21.26 C.

(84) Reached input/output temperature difference with converter . . . 24.14 C.

(85) Temperature difference . . . 2.89 C. tj. 15.40%

(86) Results in the table represent an average of 5 measurement cycles. It is apparent, that higher output temperatures are reached with the same input power, approximately 15%. It is necessary to note that 10 W/h less energy was consumed with the converter. The results are more clearly shown in the diagrams in the FIGS. 8, 9 and 10.

(87) FIG. 11 illustrates a scheme of exemplary connection of converter and LC oscillator in this case, according to the invention. Converters with oscillators are connected on the first phase input terminal 5 of the converter for phase connection in parallel through the first node 9 to the cathode of the first diode 1 as well as to the anode of the second diode 2, where the first diode 1 has the anode connected through the third node 11 to the anode of the third diode 3 as well as to the first output terminal 17 of the converter, wherein cathode of the third diode 3 is connected through the fourth node 12 to the anode of the fourth diode 4 as well as to the neutral conductor 15 (FIG. 1a) or to the second phase input terminal 16 (not shown) of the converter and also to the second output terminal 18 of the converter, wherein the fourth diode 4 has the cathode connected to the third output terminal 19 of the converter and through the second node 10 to the cathode of the second diode 2, which results in a standard connection of Graetz bridge. One oscillator circuit 20 comprising the bifilar coil 6 with the first winding 21 and the second winding 22 and two capacitors, is connected between the second node 10 and the third node 11. In this case, the oscillator circuit 20 is connected so that first end of the first winding 21 of the bifilar coil 6 and of the first end of the second winding 22 of the bifilar coil 6 are directly connected to the third node 11 and the other ends of the first winding 21 of the bifilar coil 6 and the second winding 22 of the bifilar coil are connected through at least one capacitor to the second node 10.

(88) FIG. 12 illustrates a scheme of connection of a system of the converter and the oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention, wherein a converter illustrated in the FIG. 11 is used.

(89) FIG. 13 illustrates a scheme of connection of converter and LC-LC oscillator according to the invention. In this case, the oscillator circuit is designed so that the first ends of the first winding 21 of the bifilar coil 6 and of the second winding 22 of the bifilar coil 6 are connected in direct manner to the third node 11 and the other end of the first winding 21 of the bifilar coil 6 is connected via the first capacitor 7 and the other end of the second winding 22 of the bifilar coil 6 is connected via the second capacitor 8 to the second node 10.

(90) FIG. 14 illustrates a scheme of connection of a system of converter and oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention, wherein a converter illustrated in the FIG. 13 is used.

(91) To get an idea about behaviour of the system of the converter with the oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention, the systems were illustrated in the FIG. 2a (CL-LC type of circuit), FIG. 12 (LC type) and FIG. 14 (LC-LC type) provided with a RIGOL type of digital oscilloscope. Converters with oscillators provided with the bifilar coil with the inductance of 42 and capacitors with the capacitance of 66 (50 F) were coupled with a load represented by ceramic, air heating element, produced by BECKER ELTOP s.r.o. company for voltage of 240V, which consists of two resistance, each of 42, 1350 Watts. Same flows of voltage and current were measured during measurements of all three systems.

(92) FIG. 15 shows a diagram of measured progress of voltage at the input and on the loads. The diagram shows a progress of voltage at the output of the converter with oscillator, which is a typical sine wave, where the line begins on zero. On the loads, the effect caused by properties of the converter with oscillator is added to the sine wave. For better orientation, only progress of voltages on both loads are shown in the FIG. 16. It is apparent that at the output the duration of the action of voltage on particular loads is extended, and it is also certain that the area enclosed by the function in the progress of the output voltage from the converter with the oscillator is bigger. The mean value of the voltage on loads is thus higher than the mean value of the input voltage. It is also important to note that overlapping of the actions of particular impulses occurs on the both loads, which are, however, divided at the input by means of rectifier.

(93) In numerical terms, this means:

(94) The area enclosed by a function of input voltage is: 111.384

(95) The area enclosed by a function of output voltages: 155.624

(96) Numerical difference (absolute): 44.240

(97) Percentual difference: 39.7%

(98) FIG. 17 shows a diagram illustrating the measured waveform of the current at the input and on the loads. The diagram shows the progress of the current at the input of the converter and voltages on both loads. It is apparent that the flow time of currents on the voltages at the outputs is also extended. There is also an overlap of durations of action at the output of time-separated impulses. In case of currents, the area enclosed by a function of the progress of input current from the converter with the oscillator is also bigger. For better orientation, the diagram in the FIG. 18 shows the progress of current only on the both loads.

(99) In numerical terms, this means:

(100) Area enclosed by a function of the input current is: 1.381.6

(101) Area enclosed by a function of the output current is: 1.744.2

(102) Numerical difference (absolute): 362.60

(103) Percentual difference: 26.24%

(104) Another important finding results from the diagram of current and voltage progress at the input of the converter with the oscillator as well as voltage and current at the output, which is illustrated in the FIG. 19. For easier orientation, only one load is shown and the current is increased 50 times, wherein a separate diagram of voltage and current on the load is in the FIG. 20 (current is again increased 50 times). It is apparent that the phase shift of the current and voltage at the input is negligible, the current and voltage are back in the phase on the loads. Therefore it may be concluded that the LC-CL circuit operates in a preferred mode and the loads are strictly active. In practice, any phase shift means decrease of converter power.

(105) The diagram in the FIG. 21 shows progress of voltage, current and resistance on the neutral conductor in the connection according to the FIG. 2a.

(106) FIG. 22 illustrates a test block scheme of a three-phase connection with a system of converters with oscillators coupled with a load, which were in this particular test case represented by three three-phase heater 34, 35 and 36. In testing the function of the converter according to the invention, the input power into three-phase heaters in two configurations was measured (alternating component of the current, direct component of the current, maximum current value, the peak-to-peak current, alternating component of the voltage, direct component of the voltage, active power, reactive power, power factor and frequency). The first configuration is a direct connection of the heater into a three-phase network and the second configuration is an arrangement of the system of converters with oscillators between the three-phase network and heaters. At the same time, the temperature at the inputs and outputs of heaters 34, 35 and 36 in six points was measured, wherein T-type thermocouples were used for this measurement, which were connected to a data-logger. Three thermocouples were arranged each one separately on the output side of each heater 34, 35 and 36 and thus measured the air temperature at the input. Another three thermocouples were arranged on the output side of the heaters 34, 35 and 36 in the same manner and thus measured the temperature of the output air. The embodiment of the thermocouples allowed a quick response, the thermocouple junction was designed shell-less. Recording interval of thermocouples was one second. Three-channel analyser was used for measuring the input power (current and voltage), where one channel served for measuring one phase. Data were measured for ten minutes with recording of two values per minute. Test measurement was carried out by professional specialists in instruments linked to standards in accredited laboratories.

(107) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Power input measurements during testing of the functionality of the invention connections Without connection of With connection of system of converters system of converters Measured quantities and oscillators and oscillators Phase 1 current (A) 22.4 25.1 Phase 2 current (A) 22 24.2 Phase 3 current (A) 21.8 25.4 Voltage P1-N (V) 236.39 236.74 Voltage P2-N (V) 235.6 236.32 Voltage P3-N (V) 234.8 234.68 Phase 1 power factor () 0.99 0.967 Phase 2 power factor () 0.99 0.973 Phase 3 power factor () 0.99 0.973 Total active power (W) 15600 17129

(108) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Temperature without system of converters and oscillators Time Average output Average output Temperature (min) temperatures temperatures difference 0:00:00 30.38 29.35 1.03 0:01:00 50.59 29.63 20.96 0:02:00 70.65 30.05 40.60 0:03:00 82.41 30.54 51.87 0:04:00 89.10 30.66 58.44 0:05:00 92.64 30.97 61.67 0:06:00 94.44 31.07 63.37 0:07:00 96.38 31.30 65.08 0:08:00 97.43 31.61 65.82 0:09:00 97.48 31.53 65.95 0:09:55 98.08 31.88 66.20

(109) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Temperature with system of converters and oscillators Time Average output Average output Temperature (min) temperatures temperatures difference 0:00:00 30.53 29.53 1.00 0:01:00 54.73 30.05 24.68 0:02:00 81.11 30.57 50.54 0:03:00 97.18 31.50 65.68 0:04:00 103.92 31.56 72.36 0:05:00 107.83 31.96 75.87 0:06:00 108.94 32.01 76.93 0:07:00 110.32 31.89 78.43 0:08:00 110.11 32.17 77.93 0:09:00 110.59 32.21 78.38 0:09:55 110.74 32.34 78.40

(110) FIG. 23 shows a diagram of measured test progress of differential temperature measured on thermocouples arranged on the output side and corresponding power input with time according to the FIG. 22.

(111) During this measurement we focused on achieving the same input power in measurements of both configurations. As it is shown in the tab. 5, the achieved value of overall input power in the second system configuration with connected converters was only 9.8% higher than in the first system configuration without connecting the converters and the power factor is within the norm established limits.

(112) Neverthless, from the values in tab. 6 and tab. 7 results a higher temperature gradient achieved in the second system configuration with converters with the above mentioned input power. The measurement was performed in a closed room for 9 minutes and 55 seconds. At first, the measurement in the first system configuration without converters was carried out. Input temperature was measured by means of 3 thermocouples and averaged, wherein at the beginning of the measurement the average of all input temperature values was 29.35 C. and at the end it was 31.88 C., which was caused by the heating of the surroundings in a closed room in general. The output temperature was measured again by means of 3 thermocouples and then averaged, wherein at the beginning of measurement the average of output temperature values reached 30.38 C. and at the end it was 98.08 C. The overall difference between input temperatures and output temperatures at the beginning of measurement was 1.03 C. and at the end of measurement it was 66.20 C.

(113) Subsequently, the measurement in the second system configuration with connected converters was carried out. At the beginning of measurement the average of input temperature values reached 29.53 C. and at the end it was 32.34 C., which was again caused by the overall heating of surroundings in a closed room. The average of input temperatures reached 30.53 C. and at the end it was 110.74 C. The overall difference between input temperatures and output temperatures at the beginning of measurement was 1.00 C. and at the end it was 78.40 C.

(114) It apparently results from what is stated above that the overall reached temperature difference in the measurements at the input and the output reaches 18.4% higher temperature in the connection with converters than in the connection without converters. In the connection without converters the maximum reached temperature difference at the input and at the output is around 66 C., wherein the value of 66 C. is achieved for the first time after 7 minutes and 46 second, while in the connection with converters the maximum reached temperature difference in the measurement at the input and at the output is around 78 C., wherein the difference value of 66 C. is reached after 3 minutes and 4 seconds. Energy consumption in order to achieve the same temperature of 66 C. in this test in a connection without converters is 2003 W/h and in the connection with converters it is 864 W/h. In reaching this temperature in 59% of time and achieving energy saving of 57%.

TECHNICAL APPLICABILITY

(115) The converter with the oscillator and a system of the converter and the oscillator coupled with a load according to the invention are intended to increase efficiency of electric devices.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(116) 1. first diode 2. second diode 3. third diode 4. fourth diode 5. first phase input terminal of the converter 6. bifilar coil 7. first capacitor 8. second capacitor 9. first node 10. second node 11. third node 12. fourth node 13. first load 14. second load 15. neutral conductor 16. second phase input terminal of the converter 17. first output terminal of the converter 18. second output terminal of the converter 19. third output terminal of the converter 20. oscillator circuit 21. first winding 22. second winding 23. fifth node 24. third phase 25. switchgear 26. current channel 1 27. current channel 2 28. current channel 3 29. current channel 4 30. voltage channel 1 31. voltage channel 2 32. voltage channel 3 33. system of converters and oscillators 34. heater 1 35. heater 2 36. heater 3