APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CLEANING SMELT SPOUTS AND SMELT DISCHARGE OPENINGS OF A CHEMICALS RECOVERY FURNACE OR BOILER

Abstract

An apparatus comprising a cleaning rod driven in reciprocating, axial extension (y) and retraction (x) movements upon cleaning a smelt discharge opening of a chemicals recovery boiler, wherein a linear actuator is controllable for driving the cleaning rod in the axial movements. A pivot actuation means is controllable for pivoting the cleaning rod about an axis (S) upon cleaning a smelt spout associated with the smelt discharge opening, wherein one or more sensors are arranged to provide control basis for correlation of the axial movements (x; y) with the change in pivot angle () during pivoting of the cleaning rod. A method to be performed in use of the apparatus is likewise disclosed.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising: a cleaning rod (38) driven in reciprocating, axial extension (y) and retraction (x) movements upon cleaning a smelt discharge opening of a chemicals recovery boiler; a linear actuator is controllable for driving the cleaning rod in the axial movements; a pivot actuation means controllable for pivoting the cleaning rod about an axis (S) upon cleaning a smelt spout associated with the smelt discharge opening; and one or more sensors arranged to provide control basis for correlation of the axial movements (x; y) of the cleaning rod with a change in pivot angle () of the cleaning rod during pivoting of the cleaning rod.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors monitor at least one of the rod axial and pivoting movements, wherein operation of at least one of the linear actuator and the pivot actuation means is based on output from the sensor(s).

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pivot actuation means is arranged for adjusting a speed of the pivoting movement () based on readings from a rod axial motion sensor monitoring the axial movements (x; y) during pivoting of the cleaning rod.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the rod axial motion sensor is at least one of: a proximity sensor; one or more limit switches or end position sensors; and/or an encoder in a servomotor of the linear actuator.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the linear actuator is arranged for adjusting the speed in the axial movement (x; y) based on readings from an angle position sensor monitoring a change in pivot angle () during pivoting of the cleaning rod.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the angle position sensor is at least one of: a set of light sensors or photo cells monitoring the pivot area of the cleaning rod; a fixed position video camera with associated image processing software; and/or an encoder in a servomotor of the pivot actuation means.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cleaning apparatus is arranged for supporting the cleaning rod in permanent or temporary alignment with the smelt spout and discharge opening.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cleaning apparatus is supported in a fixture that is connectable to the boiler.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a fixture frame comprises, in a side facing the boiler, positioning means mating with corresponding positioning means arranged on an adapter that is connectable to the boiler.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the drive mechanism comprises a swing that is pivotally arranged between a couple of arms, one end of which, respectively, is anchored in the fixture or the boiler wall.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the swing comprises one of a rack and pinion drive; a ball-screw; or a trapezoidal threaded bar mechanism operable for moving a driver, in which the cleaning rod is anchored for axial movements in extension (y) and retraction (x).

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein a change in angular position of the cleaning rod is monitored by an angle position sensor operatively coupled to a pivot axis of the cleaning rod or swing.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pivot actuation means is one of an angular actuator or a linear actuator.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cleaning apparatus is pivotally connected to the boiler.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cleaning rod is pivotally suspended to outer ends of two arms (8, 9), wherein inner ends of the two arms are pivotally journaled at the boiler by means of a pivot joint.

16. A method of cleaning a smelt spout and a smelt discharge opening of a chemicals recovery boiler by using a cleaning apparatus comprising a cleaning rod driven in reciprocating, axial extension (y) and retraction (x) movements, wherein the method comprises: sequentially extending and retracting the cleaning rod in a step of cleaning the smelt discharge opening; and pivoting the cleaning rod in a step of cleaning the smelt spout, wherein axial movements (x; y) are correlated with the change in pivot angle () during pivoting of the cleaning rod based on readings from one or more sensors.

17. The method of claim 16, comprising the steps of: monitoring the change in pivot angle () during the pivoting movements; and adjusting the speed of the axial movements (x; y) based on readings of the change in pivot angle ().

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the speed of the axial movement (x; y) is increased progressively with increasing pivot angle ().

19. The method of claim 16, comprising the steps of: monitoring the axial movement (x; y) of the cleaning rod during the pivoting movement; and adjusting the speed of the pivoting movement () based on readings of the axial movement.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the tip of the cleaning rod is maintained at a minimum distance of about 1 mm to about 20 mm from the bottom of the smelt spout throughout the pivoting movement.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein initiation of a cleaning session is based on readings from a temperature sensor monitoring the temperature in the smelt spout.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The invention will be further explained below with reference made to the accompanying, schematic drawings, wherein

[0046] FIG. 1 shows an installation of a chemicals recovery boiler in a building,

[0047] FIGS. 2a and 2b show a cut out detail of the boiler of FIG. 1 on a larger scale,

[0048] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the cleaning apparatus of the present invention,

[0049] FIG. 4 is a corresponding perspective view showing the cleaning apparatus of FIG. 3 from the opposite side,

[0050] FIG. 5 shows an alternative installation of the cleaning apparatus in the boiler building,

[0051] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relation between change in pivot angle and speed of retraction of a cleaning rod during pivoting of the cleaning rod,

[0052] FIGS. 7a-7c show sequential steps of a cleaning session,

[0053] FIGS. 8a-8c show the same sequential steps performed by an alternative embodiment,

[0054] FIGS. 9a and 9b show the cleaning apparatus in partially cut away side views, and

[0055] FIG. 10 shows alternative arrangements of sensors installed to monitor axial and pivoting motions of the cleaning rod.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0056] With reference to FIG. 1, a chemicals recovery boiler 1 is shown schematically. The boiler 1 is suspended from an upper structure 2 of a building that houses the boiler. A cooling jacket, indicated by reference number 3, is typically arranged on the exterior of the boiler. The cooling jacket 3 typically comprises an array of conduits in which water is circulated. Smelt products can be discharged from the boiler via a smelt spout 4 that extends at a downwards slanting angle from a smelt discharge opening 5 in the wall 6 of the boiler 1. The smelt spout 4 is typically oriented in a plane that is perpendicular to the boiler wall 6. In fact, a number of smelt spouts 4 and discharge openings 5 may be distributed around the body of the boiler.

[0057] In FIG. 2a, the smelt spout 4, discharge opening 5 and a cut out portion of the boiler wall 6 are shown in a side view, substantially in parallel with the boiler wall. FIG. 2b shows the smelt spout of FIG. 2a in a front view, perpendicularly to the boiler wall. The solid black string and plug in FIGS. 2a and 2b is a schematic representation of smelt material which has cooled down in the smelt spout and is clogging the discharge opening. In FIGS. 2a and 2b, reference number 4 points to the bottom of the smelt spout 4. Since encrustation of smelt in the smelt spout is usually related to the temperature in the smelt, the necessity of cleaning the smelt spout from encrustations can be determined by monitoring the temperature in the smelt spout. To this purpose a temperature sensor 4 may be arranged on the smelt spout. A heat camera may alternatively be arranged to measure the temperature in the smelt that is pouring down the spout. The readings from the temperature sensor 4 or heat camera can form the basis for an automatic initiation of a cleaning session, if appropriate.

[0058] An apparatus 7 arranged for cleaning and removing encrusted material from the discharge opening 5 and from the smelt spout 4 will now be described with reference made to the left and right-hand perspective views of FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively. The subject embodiment of the cleaning apparatus 7 comprises a frame including two parallel arms 8 and 9, reaching from an inner end that is pivotally journaled at the boiler wall 6 to an outer end which provides pivotal suspension of a drive mechanism 1 1 for a cleaning rod (which later will be described). More precisely, in the illustrated embodiment the arms 8 and 9 are pivotally journaled in a fixture frame 10 which is arranged to be connected to the boiler wall 6.

[0059] The fixture frame 10 is a box-like design comprising left and right support sections 12 and 13, defining between them a central slot 14 which is dimensioned to receive an upper end of the smelt spout 4 as the fixture frame 10 and cleaning apparatus 7 are aligned with the smelt spout and the discharge opening 5.

[0060] Each support section 12 or 13 comprises a set of reinforcement elements 15 designed to take up the load from the cleaning apparatus via a sub-frame 16, by which sub-frame the inner end of each arm is journaled pivotally in the fixture frame 10, on a pivot 17 respectively. To be more specific, the sub-frames 16 extend below the arms 8 and 9 so as to support the cleaning apparatus 7 in a mainly horizontal position from which the cleaning apparatus is permitted to move pivotally upwards, for reason which will be discussed below.

[0061] As disclosed herein, basically, the arms 8, 9 can be designed as self-supported or cantilever members. However, in alternative embodiments, the free outer ends of the arms 8 and 9 may be supported from the boiler building, such as suspended in ropes hanging down from a structural element in the building. If appropriate, suspension of the outer ends of the arms 8 and 9 may include a degree of elasticity, such as through tension springs inserted in supporting ropes, e.g.

[0062] The cleaning apparatus 7 can be arranged for permanent or temporary alignment with the smelt spout 4 and the discharge opening 5. In this connection, alignment refers on one hand to the orientation of the cleaning apparatus in parallel with the smelt spout as seen in a horizontal plane, and to the positioning of the cleaning apparatus with respect to the vertical height of the smelt discharge opening on the other hand. In permanent alignment, the fixture frame 10 can be mounted to the boiler wall or to any structural element which is attached to the boiler wall. Permanent alignment may alternatively foresee that the cleaning apparatus is stationary supported in a structure that is freestanding from the boiler. An example of the latter is given in FIG. 5, for the purpose of illustration. In this embodiment, the arms 8 and 9 are designed as angled consoles, depending from a fixture beam 10. The beam 10 may be anchored in a structural element of the boiler building or may itself constitute a structural element of the building. In the embodiment of FIG. 5 the vertical height can be adjusted by arranging the arms 8, 9 extendable as suggested through the bolt and long-hole connection 17. Suspension of the cleaning apparatus on bolts which are inserted through oblong holes formed in the arms 8 and 9 further provides a form of overload protection to prevent excessive loads from being transmitted to the components of the cleaning apparatus by permitting the cleaning apparatus to move upwards while sliding on the bolts.

[0063] In temporary alignment, the cleaning apparatus may be movably supported in a structure that is freestanding from the boiler, or movably supported in a structure that is connectable to the exterior of the boiler. In a case where the cleaning apparatus is to be moved from one smelt spout to another in sequential cleaning operations, e.g., the cleaning apparatus may be arranged movable on a rail that runs horizontally at a fixed distance from the boiler. Such a rail can be supported in structural parts of the boiler building, or supported on the exterior of the boiler.

[0064] Albeit there are several options available for a skilled person to adapt the suspension of the cleaning apparatus to a specific boiler application through a corresponding design of supporting structures, an essential aspect and requirement in any application is the correct alignment between the cleaning apparatus on one hand, and the smelt spout and discharge opening in the boiler wall on the other hand. Affordable tolerances in this respect should preferably be defined in millimeters in order to avoid harmful contact with the boiler wall and the smelt spout during the cleaning operation.

[0065] In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, the required precision is achieved in that the cleaning apparatus 7 is arranged for docking with an adapter element 18 that is mountable on the boiler. A correct alignment and positioning, horizontally as well as vertically, is accomplished by mating the fixture frame 10 with positioning means 19 formed on the adapter element 18. The positioning means 19 can be realized in the form of studs 19, which project from the adapter element 18 for insertion in corresponding holes 19 that are formed in the opposite side 20 of the fixture frame, facing the boiler and the adapter element. The studs 19 can be threaded bolts for permanent connection of the cleaning apparatus 7 to the boiler wall/adapter element. Of course, any suitable interacting means and guides, besides the mentioned studs or bolts and stud or bolt holes, may be used to urge the cleaning apparatus into mating position with the smelt spout and the discharge opening.

[0066] In the outer end of the arms 8 and 9, the drive mechanism 11 for a cleaning rod is arranged to pivot about an axis S which is defined by a couple of pivot pins (invisible in FIGS. 3 and 4, but one is shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b and here denoted by its reference number 21). The pivot pins 21 are journaled in a couple of console elements 22 and 23, each of which is attached in an outer end of an arm 8 or 9 respectively. Between these console elements, a swing 24 is suspended pivotally by its mounting to the pivot pins 21, which are coupled to the opposite, longitudinal sides of the swing. The swing 24 comprises a chassis frame 25 having longitudinal and transverse frame members. Inside the chassis frame 25, a driver 26 is arranged to slide on a couple of guide bars 27 and 28 that are extended in the length of the chassis frame, between the transverse frame members. The driver houses a couple of slide bearings 29 and 30 which are journaled on the associated guide bars 27 and 28. Between the slide bearings, a threaded nut 31 is non-rotationally affixed to the driver 26. A threaded bar 32 passes the nut in threaded engagement. One end of the bar 32 is rotationally journaled in the inner end of the chassis frame, whereas the opposite end of the bar 32 projects from the chassis frame for operative engagement with an actuator 33 which is controllable for rotation of the bar 32 in either direction of rotation. The nut 31 and the bar 32 can be realized as a ball-screw. The nut 31, the bar 32 and the actuator 33 function similar to a rack and pinion drive operable for moving the driver 26 in rectilinear, reciprocating motion, i.e. in extension and retraction motion, along the guide bars, by controlling the direction of rotation in the actuator 33. In that sense the actuator 33 is a linear actuator 33.

[0067] The linear actuator 33 advantageously includes a servomotor with encoder that provides feedback on the revolutions of the motor axis to a control system that correlates the operation of the linear actuator with the operation of a pivot actuation means, as will be further described hereinafter. The driver 26 further includes structural members in the form of a couple of plates 34 and 35, which are interconnected through the housings 36 and 37 that accommodate the slide bearings 29 and 30. As is best seen in FIGS. 9a and 9b, these plates 34 and 35 project below the chassis frame 25 to provide an anchorage for a cleaning rod 38 under the swing. Obviously, the driver may alternatively be shifted 180 for holding the cleaning rod above the swing, if appropriate. A support bracket (not illustrated) may optionally be arranged in the inner end of the chassis frame to help guiding the cleaning rod in its back and forth movement. The cleaning rod 38 is an elongate, solid or tubular element.

[0068] In this connection, it can be pointed out although not explicitly illustrated in the drawings, that the cleaning rod 38 may be anchored in the driver 26 by means of elastic elements, such as rubber or polymer bushings, in order to prevent shocks from impact with encrusted material to be transferred to the components of the drive mechanism. It serves also to be mentioned, although not being an essential part of the present invention, that the cleaning rod may be arranged for carrying exchangeable cleaning tools in its forward end or tip 38.

[0069] Pivoting of the cleaning rod drive mechanism 11 is accomplished and controlled through a pivot actuation means. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 the pivot actuation means comprises an angular actuator 39 which is drivingly coupled to one of the pivot pins 21. An angle position sensor 40 may be realized as an incremental encoder which monitors the change in pivot angle about the pivot axis S, and thus provides an indication of the angular position of the cleaning rod. The angular actuator 39 and the angle position sensor 40 are thus both operatively coupled to the pivot axis S of the swing 24. The readings made by the sensor 40 form the basis for controlling the operation and supply of power to the angular actuator 39.

[0070] However, the readings made by the angle position sensor 40 are also used for controlling the speed or amount by which the cleaning rod 38 is retracted or extended upon pivoting of the cleaning rod 38.

[0071] In this connection, reference is made to FIG. 10 for alternatives to the angle position sensor 40 depicted in FIG. 4. When the cleaning rod drive mechanism is pivoted for cleaning the smelt spout by running the tip 38 of the cleaning rod along the spout, the axial movement of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in its angular orientation in order to compensate for change in the distance between the bottom of the spout and the cleaning rod as the latter is swung about the pivot axis S. If for example the swinging motion is made at constant speed, then the speed of axial movement may need to be increased, in some cases increased progressively, towards the end of the spout.

[0072] An example of the correlation between the axial and pivotal movements of the cleaning rod is illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 6. The curve in the diagram represents the acceleration of the retraction movement (x) as a function of increasing pivot angle ().

[0073] The diagram of FIG. 6 intends to illustrate the functionality built into the cleaning apparatus for ensuring that there is always a clearance maintained between the metallic spout bottom and the tip of the cleaning rod. However, depending on the prevailing geometrical conditions, the correlation between the axial and pivotal movements of the cleaning rod may show other characteristics than those shown in FIG. 6. In other alternatives, e.g., it may be more appropriate to apply a constant retraction or extension of the cleaning rod while adjusting the velocity of the pivoting motion by regulation of the power that is supplied to the pivot actuation means.

[0074] In all cases, the correlation is computed in a control unit running a software coded routine which uses the dynamic inputs from one or more sensors or detectors together with, e.g., static data, such as the spatial coordinates and inclination of the smelt spout and the maximum extension of the cleaning rod, which can be used to initiate the pivoting motion. Instead of static data or in combination therewith, proximity sensors may be used to define continuously the position of the cleaning rod in extension and retraction modes.

[0075] The readings from the sensors or detectors are thus used for controlling the operation of the linear actuator 33 and/or the pivot actuation means 39, 41 in order to correlate and synchronize the axial and pivotal movements of the cleaning rod. This correlation may include not only a controlled retraction of the cleaning rod, but also a controlled extension of the cleaning rod if required, depending on the subject geometries. In typical cases, the correlation includes controlling the power supply, running time and rotational direction in the linear and/or pivot actuator means so as to maintain the tip of the cleaning rod at a minimum distance of about 1 mm to about 20 mm from the bottom of the smelt spout. In some cases, the distance may vary within about 1 mm to about 50 mm from the bottom of the smelt spout (depending, e.g., on the amount and status of the encrustations which are blocking the smelt spout).

[0076] For example, readings by sensors for detecting the angular and axial position of the cleaning rod can be recorded in the control unit during a first setup run wherein the cleaning rod is pivoted along the smelt spout at defined force. The recorded data is thereafter used for controlling the linear actuator 33 and the angular actuator 39 in successive strokes wherein the cleaning rod is pivoted along the smelt spout with controlled motion and force.

[0077] The operation of the cleaning apparatus during a cleaning session is schematically illustrated in the sequential views of FIGS. 7a-7c. Accordingly, in FIG. 7a, the double arrow x-y illustrates the axial movements (extension (y) and retraction (x)) of the cleaning rod during cleaning of the smelt discharge opening 5.

[0078] This motion is mainly horizontal, meaning that the orientation of the cleaning rod preferably lies within a few degrees' interval over or under the horizontal plane. In fact, the expression mainly horizontal shall be understood to include a deviation from the true horizontal of less than +/45, such as within an interval of +/30, or even more preferred in the interval of +/15 of elevation.

[0079] During the cleaning sequence depicted in FIG. 7a, the angular actuator 39 is inactive whereas the linear actuator 33 may be alternately driven in both directions of rotation for either extension or retraction of the cleaning rod. In alternative embodiments, the cleaning rod may optionally be arranged for turning around its own axis as is known in the art, in order to facilitate cleaning all parts of the periphery of the discharge opening. In the sequence (FIG. 7a) of removing solid or encrusted material from the smelt discharge opening, the cleaning rod may need to be repeatedly retracted and extended until it penetrates the opening. In order to protect the components of the cleaning rod drive mechanism from excessive load the whole assembly may be lifted by pivoting at the pivot points 17 which journal the arms 8, 9 to the boiler wall 6 or to the fixture frame 10. This protective action is indicated by the dashed arrow L in FIG. 7a.

[0080] An overload protection for the cleaning rod drive mechanism may alternatively include a resilient and elastic anchoring of the inner arm ends in the fixture frame 10, or as a third alternative, a resilient and elastic attachment of the console elements 22 and 23 to the outer ends of the arms 8 and 9.

[0081] FIG. 7b illustrates the sequence of cleaning the smelt spout 4 by running the tip of the cleaning rod down the smelt spout. Since the cleaning rod tip passes along the smelt spout with a few millimeters' clearance to the smelt spout bottom, a small rest of encrusted material may remain in the bottom of the smelt spout also after the cleaning rod tip has passed. This way, the thin layer of encrusted material which remains in the bottom of the smelt spout protects the spout bottom from the hot smelt that will pour down the spout following upon a cleaning session.

[0082] During this sequence, the angular actuator 39 is operated for pivoting the cleaning rod as shown by the arrow , whereas the linear actuator 33 is controlled for retraction x of the cleaning rod, in synchronization with the pivoting motion as previously explained.

[0083] In this connection it should be observed that the speed of the pivoting motion may be adapted to the flow velocity of the smelt in the smelt spout in order to avoid splatter. After completed cleaning, the cleaning apparatus is returned to its initial position by reversed operation of the angular actuator 39 as illustrated by the arrow R in FIG. 7c.

[0084] The same modus operandi is performed by the slightly modified embodiment shown in FIGS. 8a-8c. The only difference from the previous embodiment is that in the embodiment of FIGS. 8a-8c, the pivot actuation means is a linear actuator 41, such as a piston-cylinder unit, instead of the angular actuator 39.

[0085] The linear and angular actuators 33, 39 and 41 may be realized as double-acting or reversible operation drives, powered by air, hydraulic fluid or electricity. The angular actuator 41 may alternatively include a single acting, spring return piston/cylinder unit.

[0086] In yet an alternative, an external spring may be applied outside the angular actuator, and more specifically for either of two alternative purposes: i) external spring(s) applied and dimensioned for returning the cleaning apparatus to its initial position, or ii) external spring(s) applied and dimensioned to provide a more even load and thus avoiding load peaks in the angular actuator as the cleaning rod tip travels down an unevenly encrusted smelt spout. In FIGS. 9a and 9b, a torsion spring 42 is shown in unloaded state (FIG. 9a) and loaded state (FIG. 9b) respectively. The spring 42 is arranged to apply a counter force that is centered about the pivot axis S as the cleaning rod and cleaning rod drive mechanism are pivoted downwards. For example, one such spring 42 can be supported on each pivot pin 21 that journals the swing 24 to the arms 8 and 9 respectively. The spring 42 comprises a couple of legs 43 and 44, which are actuated upon by a couple of pins 45 and 46. A first pin 45 is stationary arranged on the inner side of the arm 8 or 9 and serves for arresting the leg 43, whereas a second pin 46 is arranged on the outer side of the swing 24, opposite the inside of the arm, the second pin engaging the leg 44 for tensioning of the torsion spring 42 in the pivoting motion of the swing (FIG. 9b). The torsion spring 42 can be dimensioned to serve either purpose i) or ii) as discussed above.

[0087] With reference to FIG. 10, the change in angular position of the cleaning rod 38 can alternatively be monitored by optical detectors 47 overviewing the pathway of the cleaning rod during the pivoting motion. Optical detectors may be realized as light transmitters and receivers arranged transversally to the plane of the pivoting motion. An optical detector of the change in angular position may alternatively be realized as a fixed position video camera 48 with associated image processing software. The change in angular position may alternatively be detected indirectly by means of a proximity sensor 49 that detects a change in axial position of the cleaning rod 38. Given the geometrical conditions on the site of operation, the control software can be programmed to adapt the pivoting motion to the change in axial position by corresponding control of the pivot actuation means, such that the tip of the cleaning rod can follow closely the inclination of the smelt spout.

[0088] With further reference to FIG. 10, reference number 50 denotes an encoder included in the linear actuator 33 and which registers the number of revolutions made by the motor of the linear actuator, whereas reference number 51 denotes one or several end position sensors or limit switches that either detect an end position or detect the moment at which the cleaning rod 38 runs free of the smelt spout 4, and/or detect any intermediate axial position of the cleaning rod. Reference number 52 refers to an encoder associated with the angular actuator 39.

[0089] From the above description it will be realized, that the present cleaning apparatus and method shall not be strictly limited to use and application in connection with recovery of pulp cooking chemicals from black liquor in soda recovery boilers, but that the apparatus' structure and operation is likewise useful in connection with any similar process performed in chemicals recovery furnaces and boilers in general.

[0090] It should also be noted that, in prior art, spout cleaning has involved driving the cleaning tool upwards along the spout. Although not being a preferred practice, an upwards cleaning of the spout would still benefit from the correlation between rod pivoting and axial movements as provided by the cleaning apparatus of the present invention. The invention is thus not limited to correlation between pivoting and retraction applied in downwards cleaning mode, but is likewise applicable to pivoting during extension of the cleaning rod in upwards cleaning mode.