Liquid crystalline medium

Abstract

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which is distinguished by the fact that it has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3. Media of this type are particularly suitable for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB, PA LCD, FFS or IPS effect.

Claims

1. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00085## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00086## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00087## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00088## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above; and wherein (a) the proportion of compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB in the mixture as a whole is at least 10% by weight, and/or (b) the proportion of compounds of the formula II in the mixture as a whole is at least 10% by weight.

2. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which has a clearing point of 60-90 C.

3. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium has a & value of 2.3 to 5.5.

4. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium having a clearing point of 70 C.5 C. and a of 3.00.6 has the following rotational viscosities .sub.1 at a defined n value: TABLE-US-00045 n .sub.1 0.08 0.005 125 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 130 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 135 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 145 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 150 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 160 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 170 mPa .Math. s.

5. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00089## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00090## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00091## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00092## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above; and wherein the medium having a clearing point of 70 C.5 C. and a of 4.00.4 has the following rotational viscosities .sub.1 at a defined n value: TABLE-US-00046 n .sub.1 0.08 0.005 140 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 165 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 185 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 190 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 195 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 205 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 220 mPa .Math. s.

6. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00093## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00094## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00095## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00096## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above; and wherein the medium having a clearing point of 70 C.5 C. and a of 5.00.6 has the following rotational viscosities .sub.1 at a defined n value: TABLE-US-00047 n .sub.1 0.08 0.005 185 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 200 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 210 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 220 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 230 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 250 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 270 mPa .Math. s.

7. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00097## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00098## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00099## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00100## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above; and wherein the medium having a clearing point of 90 C.5 C. and a of 3.00.6 has the following rotational viscosities .sub.1 at a defined n value: TABLE-US-00048 n .sub.1 0.08 0.005 160 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 170 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 180 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 190 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 200 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 210 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 220 mPa .Math. s.

8. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00101## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00102## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00103## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00104## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above; and wherein the medium having a clearing point of 90 C.5 C. and a of 4.00.4 has the following rotational viscosities .sub.1 at a defined n value: TABLE-US-00049 n .sub.1 0.08 0.005 185 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 195 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 215 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 215 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 215 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 235 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 250 mPa .Math. s.

9. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00105## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00106## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00107## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00108## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above; and wherein the medium having a clearing point of 90 C.5 C. and a of 5.00.6 has the following rotational viscosities .sub.1 at a defined n value: TABLE-US-00050 n .sub.1 0.08 0.005 280 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 275 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 275 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 275 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 280 mPa .Math. s.

10. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which has thresholds (capacitive) in the range 1.8-2.3 V.

11. A liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00109## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00110## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00111## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00112## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above, and one or more compounds of formula III, which are not a compound of any of formulae IIIa, IIIb and II-e, ##STR00113## in which R.sup.31 and R.sup.32 each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl, alkylalkoxy or alkoxy radical having up to 12 C atoms, and ##STR00114##

12. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which comprises two, three, four, five or six compounds of the formulae IA, IB and/or II.

13. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB in the mixture as a whole is at least 10% by weight.

14. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of compounds of the formula II in the mixture as a whole is at least 10% by weight.

15. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 11, wherein the proportion of the one or more compounds of formula II in the mixture as a whole is at least 5% by weight.

16. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which contains 10-40% by weight of one or more compounds of the formulae IA and IB, and 10-40% by weight of one or more compounds of the formula II.

17. An electro-optical display having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB, PA LCD, FFS or the IPS effect, which contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium containing a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3, and comprises at least two compounds of formula IA, IB and/or II ##STR00115## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups are each optionally, independently of one another, replaced by O, S, , CC, CF.sub.2O, CO, COO, OCO or OCOO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6, and at least one compound of formula IIIa and/or IIIb ##STR00116## wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and at least a compound of formula III-e ##STR00117## wherein alkyl is defined as above, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and at least one compound of formula B-4 ##STR00118## wherein alkyl and alkyl* are defined as above.

18. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which comprises at least one compound of each of formula IIIa and IIIb.

19. A liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which comprises at least one of each of the compounds of formulae IA, IB and II.

Description

(1) The present invention thus relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which is distinguished by the fact that it has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 Pa.Math.s with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3.

(2) All values for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 indicated in this application have the unit [Pa.Math.s], unless stated otherwise.

(3) The mixtures according to the invention are distinguished by their short response times in ECB displays, a broad nematic phase and relatively high values for the voltage holding ratio (HR). The mixtures according to the invention having a .sub.1/n.sup.2 ratio of this type furthermore exhibit very favourable values for the capacitive threshold and at the same time very good low-temperature stability.

(4) The invention therefore also relates to the use of the liquid-crystalline mixtures, in particular for displays based on the ECB, PALCD and IPS effect, and to the corresponding displays containing the mixtures according to the invention.

(5) Preferred embodiments of the mixture concept according to the invention are indicated below.

(6) The mixtures according to the invention preferably have a .sub.1/n.sup.2 of 6-30, preferably of 6-22.

(7) The values for the optical anisotropy n are preferably in the range 0.08-0.12. Particular preference is given to mixtures having a n=0.080.01, furthermore having a n=0.100.005 and n=0.120.01.

(8) The mixtures according to the invention preferably have clearing points of 65 C., in particular of 69 C.

(9) The thresholds V.sub.0 (capacitive) are preferably in the range 1.8-2.3 V.

(10) The temperature stability (LTS) is preferably at least 1000 h at temperatures of 20 C., in particular 30 C. and very particularly preferably 40 C.

(11) Mixtures which satisfy the required ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 preferably have, depending on n, and the clearing point, the following rotational viscosities, as tabulated below:

(12) 1. Clearing point 70 C.5 C. and of 3.00.6

(13) TABLE-US-00001 n Rotational viscosities .sub.1 0.08 0.005 125 mPa .Math. s, preferably 105 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 130 mPa .Math. s, preferably 105 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 135 mPa .Math. s, preferably 110 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 145 mPa .Math. s, preferably 120 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 150 mPa .Math. s, preferably 125 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 160 mPa .Math. s, preferably 135 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 170 mPa .Math. s, preferably 145 mPa .Math. s The value for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 is preferably in the range 8.6-18.5. The thresholds are preferably <2.3 V, in particular in the range 2.0-2.3 V.

(14) 2. Clearing point 70 C.5 C. and of 4.00.4

(15) TABLE-US-00002 n Rotational viscosities .sub.1 0.08 0.005 140 mPa .Math. s, preferably 120 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 165 mPa .Math. s, preferably 145 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 185 mPa .Math. s, preferably 150 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 190 mPa .Math. s, preferably 160 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 195 mPa .Math. s, preferably 175 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 205 mPa .Math. s, preferably 180 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 220 mPa .Math. s, preferably 185 mPa .Math. s The value for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 is preferably in the range 9.5-20.0. The thresholds are preferably <2.1 V, in particular in the range 1.8-2.1 V.

(16) 3. Clearing point 70 C.5 C. and of 5.00.6

(17) TABLE-US-00003 n Rotational viscosities .sub.1 0.08 0.005 185 mPa .Math. s, preferably 175 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 200 mPa .Math. s, preferably 165 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 210 mPa .Math. s, preferably 165 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 220 mPa .Math. s, preferably 190 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 230 mPa .Math. s, preferably 200 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 250 mPa .Math. s, preferably 210 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 270 mPa .Math. s, preferably 220 mPa .Math. s The value for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 is preferably in the range 12.0-22.0. In the case of n values of 0.08 0.005, the value may also be in the range 26-28. The thresholds are preferably <1.9 V, in particular in the range 1.7-1.8 V.

(18) 4. Clearing point 90 C.5 C. and of 3.00.6

(19) TABLE-US-00004 n Rotational viscosities .sub.1 0.08 0.005 160 mPa .Math. s, preferably 130 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 170 mPa .Math. s, preferably 135 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 180 mPa .Math. s, preferably 140 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 190 mPa .Math. s, preferably 150 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 200 mPa .Math. s, preferably 190 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 210 mPa .Math. s, preferably 195 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 220 mPa .Math. s, preferably 200 mPa .Math. s The value for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 is preferably in the range 12.0-23.0. The thresholds are preferably <2.6 V, in particular in the range 2.30-2.55 V.

(20) 5. Clearing point 90 C.5 C. and of 4.00.4

(21) TABLE-US-00005 n Rotational viscosities .sub.1 0.08 0.005 185 mPa .Math. s, preferably 150 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 195 mPa .Math. s, preferably 160 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 215 mPa .Math. s, preferably 200 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 215 mPa .Math. s, preferably 190 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 215 mPa .Math. s, preferably 200 mPa .Math. s 0.13 0.005 235 mPa .Math. s, preferably 210 mPa .Math. s 0.15 0.01 250 mPa .Math. s, preferably 210 mPa .Math. s The value for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 is preferably in the range 14.5-22.0. The thresholds are preferably <2.25 V, in particular in the range 2.00-2.25 V.

(22) 6. Clearing point 90 C.5 C. and of 5.00.6

(23) TABLE-US-00006 n Rotational viscosities .sub.1 0.08 0.005 280 mPa .Math. s, preferably 265 mPa .Math. s 0.09 0.005 275 mPa .Math. s, preferably 260 mPa .Math. s 0.10 0.005 275 mPa .Math. s, preferably 260 mPa .Math. s 0.11 0.005 275 mPa .Math. s, preferably 265 mPa .Math. s 0.12 0.005 280 mPa .Math. s, preferably 265 mPa .Math. s The value for the ratio of .sub.1/n.sup.2 is preferably in the range 18.0-25.0. In the case of n values of 0.08 0.005, the value may also be in the range 40-45. The thresholds are preferably <2.0 V, in particular in the range 1.8-2.0 V.

(24) Mixtures according to the invention having clearing points of 75-85 C. each have .sub.1/n.sup.2 values and .sub.1 values between the above-mentioned limits for 705 C. and 905 C.

(25) Preferred embodiments of the mixtures according to the invention with respect to their composition are mentioned below: a) Liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least two compounds of the formulae IA, IB and/or II

(26) ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may be replaced by O, S, , CC, OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.2O, OCO or OCO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and v denotes 1 to 6. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 preferably denote straight-chain alkyl or straight-chain alkenyl. Preferred mixtures, in particular having an n value of 0.08-0.09, comprise in total four compounds of the formulae

(27) ##STR00002## b) Liquid-crystalline medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula III

(28) ##STR00003## in which R.sup.31 and R.sup.32 each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl, alkylalkoxy or alkoxy radical having up to 12 C atoms, and

(29) ##STR00004## and Z denotes a single bond, C.sub.2H.sub.4, CHCH, (CH.sub.2).sub.4, (CH.sub.2).sub.3O, O(CH.sub.2).sub.3, CHCHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CHCH, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, COO, OCO, C.sub.2F.sub.4, CHFCF.sub.2, CFCF, CHCF, CFCH, CH.sub.2. The mixtures according to the invention may comprise up to 50% by weight of neutral compounds, preferably selected from the compounds of the formula c) Liquid-crystalline medium which comprises four, five, six or more, preferably two or three, compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB. d) Liquid-crystalline medium in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in the formulae IA and IB preferably have the following meanings: straight-chain alkyl, vinyl, 1E-alkenyl or 3-alkenyl. If R.sup.1 and/or R.sup.2 denote alkenyl, it is preferably CH.sub.2CH, CH.sub.3CHCH, C.sub.3H.sub.7CHCH, CH.sub.2CHC.sub.2H.sub.4 or CH.sub.3CHCHC.sub.2H.sub.4. In the compounds IA, IB and II, v preferably denotes 2, 3 or 4. e) Liquid-crystalline medium in which the proportion of compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB in the mixture as a whole is at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 25% by weight and very particularly preferably 30% by weight. f) Liquid-crystalline medium in which the proportion of compounds of the formula II in the mixture as a whole is at least 10% by weight. g) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least two, preferably three, compounds of the formula II, in particular of the formula

(30) ##STR00005## R.sup.2 preferably denotes ethyl, propyl or pentyl. h) Liquid-crystalline medium in which the proportion of compounds of the formula III in the mixture as a whole is at least 5% by weight. i) Liquid-crystalline medium which additionally comprises a compound selected from the formulae IIIa to IIIj:

(31) ##STR00006## in which alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, preferably vinyl, 1E-alkenyl or 3E-alkenyl. The medium according to the invention preferably comprises at least one compound of the formula IIIa, formula IIIb and/or formula IIIe, preferably in amounts of >5% by weight, in particular >10% by weight, very particularly preferably >20% by weight. Particularly preferred compounds of the formulae IIIe and IIIf are mentioned below:

(32) ##STR00007## j) Liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least three compounds of the formula IIIe, preferably selected from the group of the compounds

(33) ##STR00008##

(34) The proportion of the compounds IIIe-1, IIIe-2 and/or IIIe-3 in the mixture, preferably having a n=0.08 (0.005), is preferably 20% by weight, in particular 30% by weight alkyl preferably denotes C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1, where n=3, 4 or 5.

(35) Preference is furthermore given to media which comprise the compound of the formula

(36) ##STR00009## preferably in concentrations >20% by weight, in particular >30% by weight, preferably in combination with the compound of the formula

(37) ##STR00010## The latter compounds are preferably present in the mixture in amounts of 5-40% by weight. k) Liquid-crystalline medium which essentially consists of: 10-40% by weight of one or more compounds of the formulae IA and IB, and 10-40% by weight of one or more compounds of the formula II. l) Liquid-crystalline medium which additionally comprises one or more tetracyclic compounds of the formulae

(38) ##STR00011## in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated for R.sup.1 in claim 1, and w and x each, independently of one another, denote 1 to 6. m) Particularly preferred media comprise one or more indane compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae In-a to In-d:

(39) ##STR00012## in which alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, alkyl* preferably denotes CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5 or n-C.sub.3H.sub.7. The mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise a compound of the formula In-a or In-b, in particular a compound of the formula In-a. The proportion of the indane compounds in the mixture as a whole is at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight. n) Liquid-crystalline medium which additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae

(40) ##STR00013## ##STR00014## in which R.sup.13-R.sup.27 each, independently of one another, have the meanings indicated for R.sup.1, and z and m each, independently of one another, denote 1-6. R.sup.E denotes H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5 or n-C.sub.3H.sub.7, and x denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3. The said compounds are preferably each present in the mixture as a whole in amounts of at least 5% by weight. Mixtures having a n in the range 0.08-0.12 preferably comprise compounds of the formula

(41) ##STR00015## in concentrations of 5% by weight, preferably 10% by weight. Mixtures of this type furthermore comprise compounds of the formula II in amounts of 2% by weight. The compounds of the formula

(42) ##STR00016## are particularly suitable for mixtures having a n value in the range 0.07-0.10, in particular 0.07-0.09. These compounds, in which R.sup.27 preferably denotes alkyl, are preferably employed in concentrations of 5-20% by weight. o) Liquid-crystalline medium additionally comprising one or more fluorinated terphenyls of the formulae T-1 to T-22

(43) ##STR00017## ##STR00018## in which R has the meanings indicated for R.sup.1. R is preferably straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or alkylalkoxy, each having 1-6 C atoms, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2-6 C atoms. R preferably denotes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy. The medium according to the invention preferably comprises the terphenyls of the formulae T-1 to T-22 in amounts of 2-30% by weight, in particular of 5-20% by weight. Particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae T-1, T-2, T-3 and T-22. In these compounds, R preferably denotes alkyl, furthermore alkoxy, each having 1-5 C atoms.

(44) The terphenyls are preferably employed in mixtures having a n0.10 in combination with the compounds of the formulae IA, IB and II. Preferred mixtures comprise 2-20% by weight of terphenyls and 5-30% by weight of the compounds of the formula II. p) Liquid-crystalline medium additionally comprising one or more biphenyls of the formulae B-1 to B-4

(45) ##STR00019## in which alkyl, alkyl*, alkenyl and alkenyl* have the above-mentioned meanings. The proportion of the biphenyls of the formulae B-1 to B-4 in the mixture as a whole is preferably at least 3% by weight, in particular 5% by weight. Of the compounds of the formulae B-1 to B-4, the compounds of the formulae B-1 and B-4 are particularly preferred. Preferred biphenyls are likewise

(46) ##STR00020## q) Liquid-crystalline medium additionally comprising one or more esters of the formulae E-1 to E-3

(47) ##STR00021## in which alkyl and alkyl* have the above-mentioned meanings. The proportion of the esters in the mixture as a whole is preferably at least 10% by weight, in particular 30% by weight. Of the compounds E-1 to E-3, the compound E-1 is particularly preferred. r) Liquid-crystalline medium additionally comprising one or more tolans of the formulae To-1 and To-2

(48) ##STR00022## in which R and alkyl have the above-mentioned meanings. The proportion of the tolans To-1 and/or To-2 in the mixture as a whole is preferably at least 5% by weight, in particular 20% by weight. In the compounds To-1 and To-2, R preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy. s) Liquid-crystalline medium additionally comprising one or more nitrites of the formulae N-1 and N-2

(49) ##STR00023## in which R and alkyl have the above-mentioned meanings. The proportion of the nitriles in the mixture as a whole is preferably at least 5% by weight, in particular 25% by weight. t) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least 10% by weight, preferably 15% by weight, in particular 20% by weight, of compounds of the formula B-4. Compounds of this type are preferably used in mixtures having a n0.12. The biphenyls of the formula B-4 are preferably employed in combination with compounds of the formulae II and/or B-1. Preferred mixtures having a n0.12 comprise at least 15% by weight of compounds of the formula II and/or 5% by weight of compounds of the formula B-1 besides the compounds of the formula B-4. Compounds of the formula B-4 are furthermore preferably employed in combination with terphenyls, preferably with T-1, T-2 and/or T-3. u) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formulae Z-1 to Z-10

(50) ##STR00024## in which R and alkyl have the above-mentioned meanings, and p is 1 or 2, preferably in amounts of 5% by weight, in particular 10% by weight. Particular preference is given to media which comprise one, two or more compounds of the formulae Z-1 to Z-7 and additionally one, two or more compounds of the formula II. Mixtures of this type preferably comprise 10% by weight of compounds of the formula II and optionally also compounds of the formula IA. v) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula

(51) ##STR00025##

(52) Preferred compounds of the formula IB-M are the compounds IB-M1 to IB-M3:

(53) ##STR00026##

(54) The mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise at least one compound of the formula IB-M, in particular the compound IB-M1, IB-M2 and/or IB-M3, and at least one compound

(55) ##STR00027## w) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formulae

(56) ##STR00028## preferably in amounts of 5-20% by weight, in particular in combination with one or more compounds of the formulae T-1 to T-21. x) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula T-1 and at least one compound of the formula T-4. y) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula

(57) ##STR00029## and at least one compound of the formula

(58) ##STR00030##

(59) The invention furthermore relates to an electro-optical display having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect, characterised in that it contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium according to one of claims 1 to 17.

(60) The liquid-crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60 K and a flow viscosity .sub.20 of at most 30 mm.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, preferably <25 mm.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, at 20 C.

(61) The liquid-crystal mixture according to the invention has a of about 2.3 to 8.0, in particular about 3.0 to 6.0, very particularly preferably 3.0 to 5.0.

(62) The rotational viscosity .sub.1 is preferably <200 mPa.Math.s, in particular <190 mPa.Math.s. z) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formulae O-1 to O-11

(63) ##STR00031## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above-mentioned meanings, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 preferably each, independently of one another, denote straight-chain alkyl, furthermore alkenyl. Preferred liquid-crystalline media according to the invention comprise one or more substances having a <2.3 which contain a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, such as, for example, the compounds of the formulae N-1 to N-5

(64) ##STR00032## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, have the above-mentioned meanings, preferably denote straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy or straight-chain alkenyl, and Z, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote C.sub.2H.sub.4, CHCH, (CH.sub.2).sub.4, (CH.sub.2).sub.3O, O(CH.sub.2).sub.3, CHCHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CHCH, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, COO, OCO, C.sub.2F.sub.4, CFCF, CFCH, CHCF, CH.sub.2 or a single bond.

(65) The birefringence n in the liquid-crystal mixture is, generally, between 0.07 and 0.16, preferably between 0.08 and 0.12.

(66) The mixtures according to the invention are suitable for all VA-TFT applications, such as, for example, VAN, MVA, (S)-PVA, ASV. They are furthermore suitable for IPS (in plane switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) LCD applications having negative .

(67) The individual components of the formulae IA, IB, II and III of the liquid-crystal phases according to the invention are either known or their preparation methods can readily be derived from the prior art by the relevant person skilled in the art since they are based on standard methods described in the literature.

(68) The nematic liquid-crystal mixtures in the displays according to the invention generally comprise two components A and B, which themselves consist of one or more individual compounds.

(69) Component A has clearly negative dielectric anisotropy and provides the nematic phase with a dielectric anisotropy of 2.3. It preferably comprises compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB and II.

(70) The proportion of component A is preferably between 45 and 100%, in particular between 60 and 100%.

(71) For component A, one (or more) individual compound(s) having a value of 0.8 is (are) preferably selected. This value must be more negative the smaller the proportion of A in the mixture as a whole.

(72) Component B has pronounced nematogeneity and a flow viscosity of not greater than 30 mm.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, preferably not greater than 25 mm.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, at 20 C.

(73) Particularly preferred individual compounds of component B are extremely low-viscosity nematic liquid crystals having a flow viscosity of not greater than 18, preferably not greater than 12 mm.sup.2.Math.s.sup.1, at 20 C. Component B is monotropically or enantiotropically nematic, has no smectic phases and can prevent the occurrence of smectic phases in liquid-crystal mixtures down to very low temperatures. If, for example, various materials having high nematogeneity are each added to a smectic liquid-crystal mixture, the nematogeneity of these materials can be compared through the degree of suppression of smectic phases that is achieved. A multiplicity of suitable materials is known to the person skilled in the art from the literature. Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula III, furthermore compounds of the formulae B-1 to B-4, O-1 and O-2.

(74) In addition, these liquid-crystal phases may also comprise more than 18 components, preferably 18 to 25 components.

(75) The phases preferably comprise 4 to 15, in particular 5 to 12, compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB, II and optionally III.

(76) Besides compounds of the formulae IA and/or IB, II and III, other constituents may also be present, for example in an amount of up to 45% of the mixture as a whole, but preferably up to 35%, in particular up to 10%.

(77) The other constituents are preferably selected from nematic or nematogenic substances, in particular known substances, from the classes of the azoxybenzenes, benzylideneanilines, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenyl or cyclohexyl benzoates, phenyl or cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylates, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, cyclohexylcyclohexanes, cyclehexylnaphthalenes, 1,4-biscyclohexylbiphenyls or cyclohexylpyrimidines, phenyl- or cyclohexyldioxanes, optionally halogenated stilbenes, benzyl phenyl ethers, tolans and substituted cinnamic acids.

(78) The most important compounds which are suitable as constituents of liquid-crystal phases of this type can be characterised by the formula IV
R.sup.9-L-G-E-R.sup.10IV

(79) in which L and E each denote a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system from the group formed by 1,4-disubstituted benzene and cyclohexane rings, 4,4-disubstituted biphenyl, phenylcyclohexane and cyclohexylcyclohexane systems, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine and 1,3-dioxane rings, 2,0-disubstituted naphthalene, di- and tetrahydronaphthalene, quinazoline and tetrahydroquinazoline,

(80) TABLE-US-00007 G denotes CHCH N(O)N CHCQ CHN(O) CC CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 COO CH.sub.2O COS CH.sub.2S CHN COOPheCOO CF.sub.2O CFCF OCF.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.4 (CH.sub.2).sub.3O

(81) or a CC single bond, Q denotes halogen, preferably chlorine, or CN, and R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 each denote alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 18, preferably up to 8, carbon atoms, or one of these radicals alternatively denotes CN, NC, NO.sub.2, NCS, SCN, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, F, Cl or Br.

(82) In most of these compounds, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are different from one another, one of these radicals usually being an alkyl or alkoxy group. Other variants of the proposed substituents are also common. Many such substances or also mixtures thereof are commercially available. All these substances can be prepared by methods known from the literature.

(83) It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the VA, IPS, FFS or PA LCD mixture according to the invention may also comprise compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl and F have been replaced by the corresponding isotopes.

(84) The construction of the liquid-crystal displays according to the invention corresponds to the usual geometry, as described, for example, in EP-A 0 240 379.

(85) Besides the compounds of the formulae IA, IB, II and III, the mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise one or more of the compounds mentioned above.

(86) The following abbreviations are used:

(87) (m, m=1-6; z=1-6)

(88) ##STR00033## ##STR00034## ##STR00035## ##STR00036##

(89) The liquid-crystal mixtures which can be used in accordance with the invention are prepared in a manner conventional per se. In general, the desired amount of the components used in lesser amount is dissolved in the components making up the principal constituent, advantageously at elevated temperature. It is also possible to mix solutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example in acetone, chloroform or methanol, and to remove the solvent again, for example by distillation, after thorough mixing.

(90) In the present application, the term dielectrically positive compounds denotes compounds having a >1.5, the term dielectrically neutral compounds denotes those having 1.51.5 and the term dielectrically negative compounds denotes those having <1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compounds is determined here by dissolving 10% of the compounds in a liquid-crystalline host and determining the capacitance of this mixture in at least one test cell in each case having a layer thickness of 20 m with a homeotropic and with a homogeneous surface alignment at 1 kHz. The measurement voltage is typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but is always lower than the capacitive threshold of the respective liquid-crystal mixture.

(91) The host mixture used for dielectrically positive and dielectrically neutral compounds is ZLI-4792 and that used for dielectrically negative compounds is ZLI-2857, both from Merck KGaA, Germany. The values for the respective compounds to be investigated are obtained from the change in the dielectric constants of the host mixture after addition of the compound to be investigated and extrapolation to 100% of the compound employed.

(92) The term threshold voltage relates in a conventional manner to the optical threshold for 10% relative contrast (V.sub.10), unless explicitly stated otherwise.

(93) In the present application, however, the term threshold voltage is used for the capacitive threshold voltage (V.sub.0), also known as the Freedericks threshold, in relation to the liquid-crystal mixtures having negative dielectric anisotropy, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

(94) All concentrations in this application, unless explicitly noted otherwise, are indicated in percent by weight and relate to the corresponding mixture or mixture component. All physical properties are determined in accordance with Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals, Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20 C., unless explicitly stated otherwise. n is determined at 589 nm and at 1 kHz.

(95) For the liquid-crystal media having negative dielectric anisotropy, the threshold voltage is determined as the capacitive threshold V.sub.0 (also known as the Freedericks threshold) in test cells produced at Merck KGaA, Germany, with liquid crystal homeotropically aligned by alignment layer SE 1211 from Nissan Chemicals.

(96) The dielectrics may also comprise further additives known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as, for example, UV absorbers, antioxidants, free-radical scavengers. For example, 0-15% of pleochroic dyes may be added, furthermore conductive salts, preferably ethyldimethyldodecylammonium 4-hexyloxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate or complex salts of crown ethers (cf., for example, Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Volume 24, pages 249-258 (1973)), may be added in order to improve the conductivity or substances may be added in order to modify the dielectric anisotropy, the viscosity and/or the alignment of the nematic phases. Substances of this type are described, for example, in DE-A 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430 and 28 53 728.

(97) The liquid-crystal media according to the invention may, if necessary, also comprise chiral dopants in the conventional amounts. The amount of these dopants employed is in total 0 to 10%, based on the amount of the mixture as a whole, preferably 0.1 to 6%. The concentration of the individual cornpounds employed is preferably 0.1 to 3%. The concentration of these and similar additives is not taken into account when indicating the concentrations and the concentration ranges of the liquid-crystal compounds in the liquid-crystal media.

(98) Table A indicates possible dopants which can be added to the mixtures according to the invention.

(99) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE A 0

(100) Stabilisers which can be added, for example, to the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0-10% are mentioned below in Table B.

(101) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE B 0 0 0 0 (n = 1-12)

(102) The compositions consist of a plurality of compounds, preferably of 3 to 30, particularly preferably of 6 to 20 and very particularly preferably of 10 to 16 compounds, which are mixed in a conventional manner. In general, the desired amount of the components used in lesser amount is dissolved in the components making up the principal constituent, advantageously at elevated temperature. If the selected temperature is above the clearing point of the principal constituent, the completion of the dissolution process is particularly easy to observe. However, it is also possible to prepare the liquid-crystal mixtures by other conventional methods, for example using premixes or from a so-called multibottle system.

(103) By means of suitable additives, the liquid-crystal phases according to the invention can be modified in such a way that they can be employed in any type of ECB, VAN, IPS, GH or ASM-PA LCD display known to date.

(104) The following examples serve to illustrate the invention without restricting it. In the examples, the melting point T (C,N), the transition from the smectic (S) to the nematic (N) phase T (S,N) and clearing point T (N,I) of a liquid-crystal substance are indicated in degrees Celsius.

(105) Furthermore:

(106) V.sub.0 denotes the threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20 C.

(107) n denotes the optical anisotropy, measured at 20 C. and 589 nm

(108) denotes the dielectric anisotropy at 20 C. and 1 kHz

(109) cp. denotes clearing point [ C.]

(110) .sub.1 denotes rotational viscosity, measured at 20 C. [mPa.Math.s]

(111) LTS denotes low-temperature stability, determined in test cells

(112) HR (20) denotes voltage holding ratio at 20 C. [%]

(113) HR (100) denotes voltage holding ratio after 5 min at 100 C. [%]

(114) HR (UV) denotes voltage holding ratio after UV exposure [%]

(115) In order to measure the voltage holding ratio, cells with an AI-3046 alignment layer are used.

(116) The display for measurement of the threshold voltage has two plane-parallel outer plates at a separation of 20 m and electrode layers with overlying SE-1211 (Nissan Chemicals) alignment layers on the insides of the outer plates, which effect a homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystals.

USE EXAMPLES

Example M1

(117) TABLE-US-00010 CY-3-O4 16.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 71.0 CY-5-O2 13.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0822 CCY-3-O2 14.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.6 CCY-2-1 13.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.3 CCY-3-1 10.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20 C.]: 13.3 CCH-35 10.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20 C.]: 14.0 CCH-303 5.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 125 CCH-301 12.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.16 BCH-32 7.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at 30 C. LTS: nematic >350 h at 40 C. HR (100): 93.0%

Example M2

(118) TABLE-US-00011 CY-3-O4 18.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 70.5 CY-5-O4 14.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0825 CCY-3-O2 5.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.4 CCY-5-O2 8.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.1 CPY-2-O2 3.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20 C.]: 14.0 CPY-3-O2 10.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20 C.]: 14.4 CC-3-V1 12.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 102 CC-5-V 15.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.27 CC-3-2V 10.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CCH-35 5.00% 40 C. HR (100): 94.5%

Example M3

(119) TABLE-US-00012 CY-3-O4 15.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 70.5 CY-5-O5 15.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0952 CCY-3-O2 10.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.5 CCY-3-1 10.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.1 PCH-302 6.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20 C.]: 13.9 CC-5-V 6.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20 C.]: 14.6 CC-3-V1 12.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 133 CCH-35 5.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.28 CPY-2-1 7.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CPY-3-1 7.00% 30 C. CPY-5-1 7.00%

Example M4

(120) TABLE-US-00013 CY-3-O4 14.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 69.5 CY-5-O2 8.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1005 CY-5-O4 15.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.6 BCH-32 8.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.3 CCP-V2-1 7.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20 C.]: 12.5 CC-3-V1 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20 C.]: 13.5 CC-3-V 18.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 106 CPY-2-O2 10.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.14 CPY-3-O2 12.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at 40 C.

Example M5

(121) TABLE-US-00014 CY-3-O4 15.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 73.5 CY-5-O4 13.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1198 PCH-53 5.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.7 CCP-V-1 6.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.3 BCH-32 8.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20 C.]: 11.9 CC-3-V1 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20 C.]: 12.0 CC-5-V 9.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 150 CPY-2-O2 12.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.01 CPY-3-O2 12.00% YPY-4-1 6.00% YPY-4-4 6.00%

Example M6

(122) TABLE-US-00015 CY-3-O4 11.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 71.0 CY-5-O2 11.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1202 CPY-2-O2 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.7 CPY-3-O2 9.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.0 BCH-32 9.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 12.4 CCH-301 12.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 11.7 CCH-303 12.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 125 CCH-35 6.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.10 PYP-2-3 6.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at PYP-2-4 12.00% 30 C.

Example M7

(123) TABLE-US-00016 CY-3-O4 20.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 70.0 CY-5-O4 5.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1201 CPY-2-O2 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.6 CPY-3-O2 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.2 PYP-2-3 10.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 11.7 PYP-2-4 10.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 12.4 CC-3-V1 12.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 116 CC-4-V 14.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.09 CCH-34 5.00%

Example M8

(124) TABLE-US-00017 BCH-32 10.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 72.0 CCP-V-1 10.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1512 CC-3-V1 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.7 CPY-2-O2 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.6 CPY-3-O2 13.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 15.0 B-302FF 19.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 15.5 B-502FF 17.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 143 PP-1-4 7.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.20 LTS: nematic >1000 h at 30 C.

Example M9

(125) TABLE-US-00018 CY-3-O2 18.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 71.0 CY-3-O4 5.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0821 CY-5-O2 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O2 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.9 CCY-5-O2 3.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 13.1 CCY-2-1 4.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 14.9 CCY-3-1 8.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 130 CPY-3-O2 3.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.07 CCH-35 5.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at PCH-302 8.00% 40 C. CH-33 3.00% HR (100 C.): 93% CH-43 4.00% CC-5-V 15.00%

Example M10

(126) TABLE-US-00019 CY-3-O4 9.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 69.0 CY-5-O2 14.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0813 CY-5-O4 16.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O2 11.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.2 CCH-35 6.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 13.1 CC-3-V1 7.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 14.1 CC-5-V 18.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 116 CPY-3-O2 4.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 1.94 CCY-V-O2 15.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at 30 C. LTS: nematic >600 h at 40 C. HR (100 C.): 94%

Example M11

(127) TABLE-US-00020 CY-3-O4 17.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 70.5 CY-5-O2 9.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0993 CY-5-O4 14.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.0 CPY-2-O2 7.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.2 CPY-3-O2 7.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 11.5 CCP-V-1 12.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 14.3 CCH-35 5.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 187 CC-3-V1 9.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 1.95 CPQIY-3-O4 10.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CPQIY-5-O4 10.00% 30 C.

Example M12

(128) TABLE-US-00021 CC-5-V 11.00% Clearing point [ C.] 73.0 PCH-53 13.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0985 CY-3-O4 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.7 CY-5-O4 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.0 CCY-2-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 13.8 CCY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 14.2 CCY-5-O2 8.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 163 CCY-2-1 10.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.98 PYP-2-3 10.00%

Example M13

(129) TABLE-US-00022 CY-3-O4 16.00% Clearing point [ C.] 71.0 CY-5-O4 15.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1014 CY-5-O2 8.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.8 CCY-3-O2 6.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.0 BCH-32 7.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 13.9 CCH-35 5.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 13.0 CC-3-2V 10.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 141 CC-5-V 9.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.89 CPY-2-O2 12.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h CPY-3-O2 12.00% at 30 C.

Example M14

(130) TABLE-US-00023 CY-3-O4 20.00% Clearing point [ C.] 73.5 CY-5-O2 9.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1202 CY-5-O4 4.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.7 BCH-32 10.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 3.8 PGIGI-3-F 2.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 13.0 CC-3-V1 11.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 13.1 CC-5-V 10.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 153 CPY-2-O2 14.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.95 CPY-3-O2 12.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at YPY-4-1 2.00% 20 C. YPY-4-4 2.00% YPY-5-5 2.00% YPY-4-2V 2.00%

Example M15

(131) TABLE-US-00024 CY-3-O4 16.00% Clearing point [ C.] 69.0 CY-5-O2 8.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1249 CY-5-O4 16.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.9 BCH-32 8.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.1 CC-5-V 8.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 12.7 CC-3-V1 8.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 13.1 CPY-2-O2 11.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 153 CPY-3-O2 11.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.89 PYP-2-3 14.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at 40 C.

Example M16

(132) TABLE-US-00025 CY-3-O4 20.00% Clearing point [ C.] 71.0 CY-5-O2 8.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1210 CY-5-O4 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 4.0 BCH-32 9.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.1 CCP-V-1 7.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 12.4 PGIGI-3-F 7.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 13.8 CC-3-V1 8.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 171 PCH-53 3.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.94 CPY-2-O2 14.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CPY-3-O2 12.00% 30 C. LTS: nematic >600 h at 40 C.

Example M17

(133) TABLE-US-00026 CY-3-O4 16.00% Clearing point [ C.] 68.5 CY-5-O2 8.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1515 BCH-32 8.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 4.2 CC-3-V1 10.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.0 CPY-2-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 13.0 CPY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 14.4 PYP-2-3 11.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 161 PYP-3-3 10.00% V.sub.0 [V] 2.01 B-11FF 13.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at 40 C.

Example M18

(134) TABLE-US-00027 CC-5-V 7.00% Clearing point [ C.] 70.0 CCH-34 6.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0796 CY-3-O4 22.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 4.0 CY-5-O4 21.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.8 CCY-2-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 12.9 CCY-3-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 12.6 CCY-5-O2 7.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 172 CCY-2-1 10.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.72 CCY-3-1 8.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h CH-33 2.00% at 40 C. CH-43 3.00%

Example M19

(135) TABLE-US-00028 CC-5-V 13.00% Clearing point [ C.] 73.0 CY-3-O4 20.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0830 CY-5-O4 20.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.9 CCY-2-O2 8.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 5.1 CCY-3-O2 11.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 13.2 CCY-5-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 14.0 CCY-2-1 10.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 184 CCY-3-1 10.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.76 LTS: nematic >1000 h at 20 C. LTS: nematic >800 h at 30 C.

Example M20

(136) TABLE-US-00029 PCH-53 5.00% Clearing point [ C.] 70.5 CY-3-O4 22.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0951 CY-5-O4 20.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 4.1 CCY-2-O2 9.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 4.9 CCY-3-O2 10.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 12.9 CCY-5-O2 5.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 13.2 CCY-2-1 12.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 210 CCY-3-1 8.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.73 BCH-32 4.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h BCH-52 4.00% at 40 C. PGIGI-3-F 1.00%

Example M21

(137) TABLE-US-00030 CY-3-O4 16.00% Clearing point [ C.] 70.0 CY-5-O2 16.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1019 CY-5-O4 13.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 4.0 CCY-3-O2 9.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 5.0 CPY-2-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 13.8 CPY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 14.5 CC-3-V1 10.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 165 CCH-35 9.00% V.sub.0 [V] 1.79 BCH-32 3.00%

Example M22

(138) TABLE-US-00031 CCY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [ C.] 87.0 CCY-5-O2 12.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0797 CCY-2-1 6.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.2 CCY-3-1 13.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 3.1 CY-5-O2 17.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 17.0 CCH-301 7.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 17.8 CCH-35 20.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 147 PCH-53 10.00% V.sub.0 [V] 2.53

Example M23

(139) TABLE-US-00032 BCH-32F 2.50% Clearing point [ C.] 92.0 CCH-301 16.50% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0827 CCH-34 5.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.4 CCH-35 5.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 3.0 CCY-2-1 14.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 16.4 CCY-3-O2 13.50% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 17.8 CCY-3-1 14.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 154 CCY-5-O2 13.50% V.sub.0 [V] 2.58 PCH-301 8.50% CY-3-O2 7.50%

Example M24

(140) TABLE-US-00033 CY-3-O4 8.00% Clearing point [ C.] 91.0 CY-5-O2 3.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.0822 CCY-3-O2 11.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.3 CCY-3-O3 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 3.2 CCY-4-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 15.4 CPY-2-O2 10.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 15.9 CC-4-V 17.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 117 CC-3-V1 12.00% V.sub.0 [V] 2.36 CCH-35 4.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h CCH-301 11.00% at 20 C.

Example M25

(141) TABLE-US-00034 CY-3-O4 12.00% Clearing point [ C.] 90.0 CCY-3-O3 12.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1019 CCY-4-O2 2.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.4 CPY-2-O2 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 3.0 CPY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 15.2 CCH-301 11.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 15.8 CC-5-V 20.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 135 CC-3-V1 10.00% V.sub.0 [V] 2.43 PYP-2-3 2.00% PYP-2-4 4.00% CCPC-33 3.00%

Example M26

(142) TABLE-US-00035 CY-3-O4 15.00% Clearing point [ C.] 90.5 CY-5-O4 11.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.] 0.1249 CY-5-O2 5.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.] 3.7 CPY-2-O2 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.] 3.3 CPY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.] 15.2 BCH-32 8.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.] 15.6 PGIGI-3-F 8.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.] 188 CCP-V-1 8.00% V.sub.0 [V] 2.38 CCP-V2-1 8.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CC-5-V 9.00% 30 C. CC-3-V1 2.00% HR (100 C.) 94% CBC-33 2.00%

Example M27

(143) TABLE-US-00036 CY-3-O2 12.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 91.0 CY-5-O2 11.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0829 CCY-3-O2 14.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.6 CCY-5-O2 15.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.2 CCY-2-1 10.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 16.6 CCY-3-1 14.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 18.4 CCH-34 6.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 185 CCH-35 5.00% CCH-301 4.00% CCH-303 5.00% CCH-501 4.00%

Example M28

(144) TABLE-US-00037 CY-3-O2 20.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 91.0 CY-5-O2 5.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0821 CCY-3-O2 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.5 CCY-5-O2 7.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.1 CCY-3-O3 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 16.2 CCY-4-O2 11.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 18.1 CC-5-V 20.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 148 CC-3-V1 9.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.21 CCH-35 4.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at 20 C.

Example M29

(145) TABLE-US-00038 CY-5-O2 9.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 90.5 CY-5-O4 15.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1023 CCY-3-O3 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.5 CCY-4-O2 10.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.1 CCY-5-O2 10.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 17.3 CPY-2-O2 2.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 16.4 CPY-3-O2 12.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 211 CCH-35 7.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.10 CCH-303 4.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at PCH-53 12.00% 20 C. BCH-32 7.00% HR (100 C.): 91%

Example M30

(146) TABLE-US-00039 CY-3-O4 5.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 91.5 CY-5-O4 20.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1015 CCY-3-O3 12.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.5 CCY-4-O2 10.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.2 CCY-5-O2 11.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 16.6 CPY-3-O2 10.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 16.3 PYP-2-4 7.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 211 CC-3-V1 11.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.10 CC-5-V 11.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at PCH-53 3.00% 20 C. HR (100 C.): 94%

Example M31

(147) TABLE-US-00040 CY-3-O4 14.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 90.0 CY-5-O2 14.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1168 CY-5-O4 4.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O2 6.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 4.2 CCY-5-O2 7.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 15.3 PGIGI-3-F 2.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 17.7 BCH-32 10.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 198 CPY-2-O2 10.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.15 CPY-3-O2 14.00% CCP-V-1 2.00% CC-5-V 5.00% CC-3-V1 12.00%

Example M32

(148) TABLE-US-00041 CY-3-O4 20.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 87.0 CY-5-O2 12.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0808 CY-5-O4 20.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.9 CCY-3-O2 7.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 5.0 CCY-5-O2 11.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 13.6 CCH-301 5.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 15.1 CH-33 4.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 265 CH-35 4.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 1.82 CH-43 4.00% CH-45 4.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%

Example M33

(149) TABLE-US-00042 CY-3-O4 14.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 86.0 CY-5-O2 10.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1023 CY-5-O4 16.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.9 CCY-2-O2 6.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 5.1 CCY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 15.2 CCY-5-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 16.2 CCY-2-1 8.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 257 CCY-3-1 12.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 1.89 BCH-32 8.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CCP-V-1 4.00% 20 C. PGIGI-3-F 2.00% LTS: nematic >760 h at 30 C. LTS: nematic >500 h at 40 C. HR (20 C.): 98% HR (100 C.): 91%

Example M34

(150) TABLE-US-00043 CY-3-O4 10.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 90.0 CY-5-O4 14.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.1204 CY-5-O2 13.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.9 CCY-3-O2 14.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 5.0 CCY-5-O2 1.00% K.sub.1 [20 C.]: 14.7 CBC-33 6.00% K.sub.3 [20 C.]: 16.8 CC-5-V 11.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 265 PGIGI-3-F 7.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 1.94 CPY-2-O2 12.00% LTS: nematic >1000 h at CPY-3-O2 12.00% 40 C.

Example M35

(151) TABLE-US-00044 CY-3-O2 13.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 79.5 CY-5-O2 5.00% n [589 nm, 20 C.]: 0.0788 CCY-4-O2 10.00% .sub.|| [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.4 CCY-3-O3 12.00% [kHz, 20 C.]: 3.1 CCY-2-O2V 11.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20 C.]: 13.9 CPY-2-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20 C.]: 13.6 CCH-303 5.00% .sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20 C.]: 107 CC-5-V 18.00% V.sub.0 [V]: 2.21 CC-3-V1 12.00% CCH-34 5.00% PCH-301 3.00%