METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING COATING LAYERS TO A COATING MATERIAL

Abstract

Subject matter of the present invention is a method of applying coating layers (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31), wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a coating chamber (2) containing a pressurized coating agent (3) being liquefied or softened by means of a thermal exposure, wherein the substrate (1, 11, 21, 31) is drawn through a drawing tool (8), wherein the coating agent (3) serves as a lubricant between the drawing tool (8) and a surface of the substrate (8) and wherein at the same time the coating layer (9) is applied to the surface of the substrate (8). Subject matter of the invention is also a corresponding apparatus for applying a coating layer (9) to a substrate (1, 11, 21, 31). By means of the invention coating layers can be applied to a substrate in an efficient and economical way.

Claims

1. A method of applying coating layers to a substrate, wherein the substrate is drawn through a coating chamber containing a pressurized coating agent being liquefied or softened by means of a thermal exposure, wherein the substrate is drawn through a drawing tool, wherein the coating agent serves as a lubricant between the drawing tool and a surface of the substrate and wherein at the same time the coating layer is applied to the surface of the substrate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises wire or is wire-shaped, or comprises tubing or is tube-shaped.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the substrate is changed as the substrate is drawn through the drawing tool, wherein, preferably, a cross-section of the substrate is reduced.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a degree of deformation is realized with the drawing tool in the range of 0.01% to 30%, preferably of 0.05% to 15%, further preferably of 0.1% to 5%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a solvent-free or low-solvent coating agent is used.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a thermal exposure is performed on the coating agent and/or the substrate.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a preheated substrate is supplied to the coating chamber.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate provided with the coating layer is cooled after leaving the coating chamber.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure prevailing in the coating chamber and/or the prevailing temperature are measured, wherein the measured values are used to control and regulate the coating process and its stability.

10. An apparatus for applying coating layers to a substrate, comprising a coating chamber through which the substrate can be drawn, wherein the coating chamber contains a pressurized coating agent being liquefied or softened by a thermal exposure, and wherein the coating chamber has a drawing tool through which the substrate can be drawn.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the substrate comprises wire or is wire-shaped or comprises tubing or is tube-shaped.

12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the drawing tool is configured to reduce a cross-section of the substrate as the substrate is drawn through the drawing tool.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the drawing tool is a drawing die common in wire drawing technology, the drawing tool preferably being configured for reducing the cross-section of the wire with a degree of reduction in the range of 0.01% to 30%, in the range of 0.05% to 15%, and in the range of 0.1% to 5%.

14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the drawing tool is configured to change the cross-sectional shape of the substrate as the substrate is drawn through the drawing tool.

15. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: the coating chamber is heatable; and at least one of a pressure gauge and a temperature measuring device is connected to the coating chamber whose measured value(s) is used to control and regulate the coating process and its stability.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein a polymer liquefied or softened by thermal exposure is used as the coating agent.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the polymer is a polyethylene wax or polyurethane.

Description

[0030] The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0031] The drawings show:

[0032] FIG. 1 an apparatus for applying a coating layer on wire in a sectional view,

[0033] FIG. 2 a sectional view of the coating chamber of FIG. 1 as a detail and in a larger scale,

[0034] FIG. 3 a view similar to FIG. 2, showing the present invention as applied to tubing,

[0035] FIG. 4 a view similar to FIG. 2, showing the application of the present invention for transforming round wire into wire of square or rectangular cross section,

[0036] FIG. 4A, 4B cross-sectional views of FIG. 4, showing the cross-sectional shapes into which the substrate is drawn or reshaped,

[0037] FIG. 5 a view similar to FIG. 2, wherein the initial round cross-sectional wire is transformed into wire of rectilinear, trapezoidal, elliptical, oval, oblong or out of round cross section,

[0038] FIG. 5A-5D cross-sectional views of FIG. 5, showing the cross-sectional shapes into which the substrate is drawn or reshaped.

EXAMPLE 1

[0039] This example relates to applying a coating layer of a modified polyethylene wax to a wire 1 by means of the apparatus shown in the drawings.

[0040] The wire 1 in this case is an aluminum wire from which, for example, closure clips for bags and tubes for food production can be produced after lacquering.

[0041] The apparatus includes a coating chamber 2 containing the liquefied polyethylene wax 3 as a coating agent. The wire 1 to be coated is pulled through the coating chamber 2. At the inlet of the coating chamber 2 an annular sealing tool 4 encloses the wire 1 and prevents leakage of the coating agent 3 against the transport direction 5 of the wire 1.

[0042] The liquefied polyethylene wax 3 is pressed via a feed 6 into the coating chamber 2 by means of an extruder 7 at a temperature between 88 C. and 90 C. In the coating chamber, a pressure of 1.0 MPa is generated.

[0043] The wire 1 is pulled through the apparatus at a speed of 4 m/s.

[0044] At the outlet of the coating chamber 2, a forming tool is arranged in the form of a drawing die 8 commonly used in wire drawing technology. By means of the drawing die 8 the wire 1 having an initial diameter of 2.4 mm is deformed with a degree of deformation of 2.4%.

[0045] During the deforming process carried out by the die 8, the liquefied polyethylene wax 3 serves as a lubricant and at the same time during the deforming it is impressed as a closed and adherent coating layer on the wire 1 having a reduced diameter. The produced coating layer 9 has a thickness of 4.8 m.

[0046] The coating chamber 2 communicates with a pressure and a temperature measuring device 10, with which the pressure and the temperature in the coating chamber 2 are monitored. Based on the measured values, the coating process can be controlled and regulated by means of a pressure and temperature control and thus kept stable.

[0047] After leaving the coating chamber 2, the wire 1 provided with the coating layer 9 is cooled with water, then dried and then wound up.

EXAMPLE 2

[0048] This example relates to the application of a coating layer of a modified polyethylene wax onto an aluminum wire 1 having a starting diameter of 3.6 mm.

[0049] For the application of the coating layer, the apparatus shown in the drawings comprising liquefied polyethylene wax 3 contained in the coating chamber 2 is used, the polyethylene wax 3 having a temperature between 86 C. and 88 C. The pressure of the coating agent 3 produced by the extruder 7 in the coating chamber 2 is 1.0 MPa.

[0050] The wire 1 is pulled through the apparatus at a speed of 3 m/s.

[0051] At the outlet of the coating chamber 2, a forming die 8 which is customary in wire drawing technology is arranged as forming tool, with which the wire 1 is formed with a degree of deformation of 3.5%. The coating layer 9 formed on the deformed wire 1 has a thickness of 5.2 m.

[0052] After leaving the coating chamber 1, the wire 1 provided with the coating layer 9 is cooled with water, then dried and then wound up.

EXAMPLE 3

[0053] This example relates to applying a coating layer of a modified polyethylene wax to a substrate in the form of tubing 11 by means of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, which is similar to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0054] The tubing 11 in this case is of aluminum and can be used to transport fluids such as pressurized air or other gasses or liquids, such as hydraulic fluid.

[0055] The apparatus includes a coating chamber 12 containing the liquefied polyethylene wax 13 as a coating agent. Through the coating chamber 12 a tubing 11 to be coated is pulled. The tubing 11 encloses at the entrance of the coating chamber 12, an annular sealing tool 14 which helps prevent the exit of the coating agent 13 against the transport direction 5 of the tubing 11.

[0056] Via a feed 16, the polyethylene wax 13 liquefied therein is pressed into the coating chamber 12 by means of an extruder 17 at a temperature between 88 C. and 90 C.

[0057] In the coating chamber, a pressure of 1.0 to 20 MPa is generated.

[0058] The tubing is pulled through the device at a speed of 4 m/s.

[0059] At the outlet of the coating chamber 12, a forming tool is arranged in the form of a drawing tool 18 commonly used in tube drawing technology. A mandrel 20 is positioned within the tubing 11 at the drawing tool 18 so as to achieve a desired wall thickness for the tubing 11. The initial diameter of the tubing can be 12 mm with 1.0 mm wall thickness. Both the diameter and the wall thickness can be reduced by about 5%.

[0060] When forming by the drawing tool 18, the liquefied polyethylene wax 13 serves as a lubricant, and it is at the same time impressed on the reduced in diameter tubing 11 during the forming as a closed and adherent coating layer. The produced coating layer 9 has a thickness of 5-10 m.

[0061] The coating chamber 12 communicates with a pressure and a temperature measuring device 10, with which the pressure and the temperature in the coating chamber 12 are monitored. Based on the measured values, the coating process can be controlled and regulated by means of a pressure and temperature control and thus kept stable.

EXAMPLE 4

[0062] This example relates to the application of a coating layer of a modified polyethylene wax onto a substrate in the form of an aluminum wire 21 having a starting diameter of 3.6 mm.

[0063] For the application of the coating layer, the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 comprising liquefied polyethylene wax 23 contained in the coating chamber 22 is used, the polyethylene wax 23 having a temperature between 86 C. and 88 C. The pressure of the coating agent 23 produced by the extruder 27 in the coating chamber 22 is 1.0 MPa.

[0064] The wire 21 is pulled through the device at a speed of 3-4 m/s.

[0065] At the exit of the coating chamber 22, a forming tool 28 is arranged, with which the wire 21 is formed. The overall cross-sectional area of the original round wire can be reduced by a desired percentage (e.g., 3 to 5%) when formed into a square or rectangular shape. The reduction of cross-section, however, is not inevitably required, since during changing the exterior cross-sectional shape from round to square/rectangular sufficient pressure is applied to the exterior surface of the drawn material to apply the coating material to the exterior of the wire. The coating layer 29 formed on the deformed square/rectangular shaped wire 21 has a thickness of 5-10 m.

[0066] After leaving the coating chamber 22, the wire 21 provided with the coating layer 29 is cooled with water then dried and then pressed into a continuous clip shape by conventional forming techniques. An advantage of the above process is that it is not required to form the round coated wire into a square/rectangular cross-section shape before pressing into a continuous press shape.

EXAMPLE 5

[0067] This example relates to the application of a coating layer of a modified polyethylene wax onto a substrate in the form of an aluminum wire 31 having a starting diameter of 3.6 mm.

[0068] For the application of the coating layer, the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 with the liquefied polyethylene wax 3 contained in the coating chamber 32 is used, the polyethylene wax having a temperature between 86 C. and 88 C. The pressure of the coating agent 33 produced by the extruder 37 in the coating chamber 32 is 20-30 MPa.

[0069] The wire 31 is pulled through the device at a speed of 3-4 m/s.

[0070] At the exit of the coating chamber 32, a forming tool 38 is arranged, with which the wire 31 is formed into a rectilinear, trapezoidal, elliptical, oval, oblong or otherwise out of round cross-sectional shape. The overall cross-sectional area of the original round wire can be reduced by a desired percentage when formed into the rectilinear, trapezoidal, elliptical, oval, oblong or out of round shape. However, the reduction in cross section is not inevitably required, since during changing the exterior cross-sectional shape from round to rectilinear, trapezoidal, elliptical, oval oblong, or out of round shape sufficient pressure is applied to the exterior surface of the drawn material to apply the coating material to the exterior of the reshaped wire. If the cross-sectional area is reduced in size, such reduction can be, for example, from about 3 to 5%. The coating layer 39 formed on the deformed wire 31 has a thickness of 5-10 m.

[0071] After leaving the coating chamber 32, the wire 31, provided with the coating layer 39, is cooled with water, then dried and then the coated and reformed wire is cut and then pressed into a U-shaped clip. An advantage of the above process is that the exterior surfaces of the clip are rounded, whereas the interior surface of the formed clip will be substantially flat or planar, thereby to provide a secure grip when the clip is used to close off a tubular, gathered container end.

List of Used Reference Signs and Terms

[0072] 1, 11, 21, 31 wire [0073] 2, 12, 22, 23 coating chamber [0074] 3, 13, 23, 33 polyethylene wax/coating agent [0075] 4, 14, 24, 44 sealing tool [0076] 5, 15, 25, 35 direction of transport [0077] 6, 16, 26, 36 feed [0078] 7 extruder [0079] 8, 18, 28, 38 Cross-section reduction tool/drawing die [0080] 9, 19, 29, 39 coating layer [0081] 10 pressure gauge and temperature measuring device