ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY GENERATING ROOFS

Abstract

Present invention relates to the field of Building Integrated Solar systems that help in generating electricity. It is a solar board that can be used as a roof, faade or other building applications. It also relates to a method of preparing, designing and producing the Solar Cement Boards by integrating the Cement boards with that of solar panels to form an envisaged single entity. The Solar Cement Board SCB comprises a plurality of Solar energy capturing components like Photo Voltaic (PV) cells or the like, sandwiched over specially treated Fiber cement board or the likes. The SCB comprises of a toughened glass and/or a thin film on top, ethylene vinyl acetate film as an encapsulate in the middle, and polyvinyl fluoride film as a back sheet. The SCB with top, middle and a back sheet is laminated together with Fiber cement board or the like providing a water-resistant enclosure. This is ultimately a unique integrated solar product.

Claims

1. An eco-friendly energy generating roof formed using a plurality of Solar Cement Boards (SCB's), comprise: a plurality of Solar energy capturing components like Photo Voltaic (PV) cells sandwiched in a plurality of long rectangular profiles formed in a specially treated Fiber cement board or the like; a toughened glass and/or a thin film, rested on a plurality of webs along the long rectangular profiles formed in the board; ethylene vinyl acetate film as an encapsulate; polyvinyl fluoride film; and the energy generating roof so formed provides a load bearing, leak proof, fire and thermal resistant enclosure.

2. The SCB's according to claim 1, characterized to comprise multiple layers: a layer of toughened glass and/or a thin film on top; a layer of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA); a layer of multiple solar cells connected in series; another layer of EVA; a layer of poly vinyl fluoride as a back sheet; one more layer of EVA; and the board of a suitable thickness as a base, wherein the long rectangular profiles and their webs on the board strengthen the board and avoids top loads transferring to the Solar energy capturing components secured in the long rectangular profiles.

3. The SCB according to claim 1, comprises a uniquely made tray and a mould specially to encapsulate the solar energy generating components into the board.

4. The energy generating roof according to claim 1, characterized to have a left-out web around the board for use of self-threading screws to affix the boards to a structure without a need for additional components to fix to the structure.

5. The energy generating roof according to claim 1, characterized to create a frameless roof or a facade covering 20-30% more floor space.

6. The energy generating roof according to claim 1, characterized to create a hybrid solution where a roof or a faade generates electricity without a need for a dual structure.

7. The energy generating roof according to claim 1, combines the structural attributes of slabs and walls and have a payback of 4 to 6 years on the formed solar energy generating roof or a faade.

8. The SCB's according to claim 1, characterized to have various advantages, like: it is directly used as a roof instead of going for Metal sheets or Tiles; it generates 20% more electrical energy when compared with other rooftop solar power generating solutions; it has high thermal resistance thereby transmitting or radiating 4-5 degrees Celsius less heat downwards in to the building; it has a life span of 50 years with energy generation of more than 25 years; it is of high aesthetic value; it is Fire resistant and is Electric Shock Proof; it is non-hazardous; it requires no insulation mat; and it generates no noise and minimizes the effects of heat and rain.

9. The SCB's according to claim 1, forms roofs, facades and the like that generates revenue to owners for more than 25 years by producing electrical energy.

10. The SCB's according to claim 1, characterized to be a breakthrough invention in the field of sustainable energy becoming an Integrated Solar Roofing System for: residential; commercial; industrial roofs; bus stop shelters; parking lot shelters; green energy charging stations; or the like.

11. A Solar Cement Board (SCB), comprises: a toughened glass and/or a thin film as a top layer; a plurality of middle layers; a plurality of Solar energy capturing components like Photovoltaic (PV); a specially treated fiber cement board or the like as a base, wherein the Solar energy capturing components are sandwiched in a plurality of long rectangular profiles in board; and the top layer rested on a plurality of webs along the long rectangular profiles to avoid external loads transferred on to the Solar energy capturing components.

12. The SCB according to claim 11, further comprises a junction box with positive and negative connectors for connecting the panel to an outside electrical network.

13. The SCB according to claim 11, wherein the junction box is disposed on an underside of the board.

14. The SCB according to claim 11, characterized in that the back board may be of an alternate Building integrated material like calcium aluminate, Portland cement, or pozzolanic type.

15. The SCB according to claim 11, characterized in that the back board may be of ceramic or a plastic plate.

16. The SCB according to claim 11, characterized in that the solar energy generating components are may be crystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells, or any other film solar cells.

17. The Solar Cement Board (SCB) according to claim 11, characterized to create a hybrid solution where the SCB's are connected in series to build a roof, faade or the like becoming an integrated Solar power generating system for residential, commercial, industrial, bus stop shelters, parking lot shelters, green energy charging stations, or the like which generates electricity.

18. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, are characterized to use as entire roof area with gaps less than 50 mm between the solar energy capturing components and no gap between the solar panel rows.

19. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, are characterized to allow installers weighing around 80-90 Kgs to move, stand on the boards to clean, make installations or corrections.

20. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, are characterized to take point loads of 50-200 Kgs.

21. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, wherein a web of about 20-50 mm is provided all around the board to enable the installer to use self-threading screws from top to lock the board without need for external components to fix.

22. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, characterized to withstand heavier winds, foreign bodies falling on the panels and provide proper provision to clean the debris and dirt.

23. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, wherein adjacent boards are placed at a gap of about 3-5 mm and the gap is filled with a sealant not allowing foreign bodies accumulated in between the boards.

24. The Solar Cement Boards (SCB's) according to claim 11, wherein the energy generating roof formed with the plurality of SCB's provides a load bearing, leak proof, fire and thermal resistant enclosure.

25. A method of making a Solar Cement Board (SCB) meant for external applications, involves steps of: subjecting a base Fiber cement board or the like to drying or dehydrating; sanding, dusting, coating the Fiber cement board or the like to improve hydrophobic nature with water repellants like Polyurethane (PU); laminate the treated board with Solar energy capturing components like Photo Voltaic (PV) cells sandwiched with a toughened glass and/or a thin film on top, ethylene vinyl acetate film as an encapsulate in the middle, and polyvinyl fluoride film as a back sheet.

26. The method of sandwiching PV cells according to claim 25, wherein includes series connection of PV crystalline silicon cells sandwiched between ethylene vinyl acetate with a base protection of back sheet.

27. The method of making an SCB according to claim 25, is characterized to make an eco-friendly roof with multipurpose utilities, serving as a roof and producing electrical energy simultaneously.

28. The method of making an SCB according to claim 25, characterized to avoid dual roof structure as seen in solar roof top structures.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals have been used to designate like elements, and wherein:

[0044] FIGS. 1a & 1b illustrates an arrangement of solar cement board with an in built solar power generating components.

[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates a process of preparing different layers of energy generating board according to the present invention.

[0046] FIGS. 3a & 3b illustrates layers of an SCB made with thin film and with glass.

[0047] FIGS. 4a & 4b illustrates a cross section and top view depicting the difference between conventional solar roofing covering and to that of covering by SCB's according to the present invention.

[0048] FIGS. 5a & 5b illustrates a top view and side view depicting specially designed SCB's with drilled holes according to the present invention.

[0049] FIGS. 6a & 6b illustrates a top view and side view depicting the junction box mounting details according to the present invention.

[0050] FIGS. 7a & 7b illustrates a top view and side view depicting double sided tape according to the present invention.

[0051] FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view depicting the strength of an SCB according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] For a typical residential Solar roof, installers first study the design plans, measure the roof, and note where the panels will be installed. After locating the roof rafters, installers bolt L-shaped feet through the roof and deep into these rafters, creating a strong anchor point. These L-feet and rails are known as the racking of the system. Solar panels, which have a sturdy aluminum frame around each edge (sort of like a picture frame), are then bolted to the railings using heavy-duty metal clips.

[0053] Because the racking and solar panel frames are metal, lightning is a grave concern and so all the equipment is grounded with a heavy copper wire that runs from the solar system all the way down the roof and tied into the home's ground.

[0054] The solar cement board as disclosed herein is an innovative solution to replace Metal roofs with an inbuilt solar power generating components. It has various advantages in which the primary use is that it is directly used as a roof instead of traditional solutions such as Metal sheets or Tiles. It generates electrical energy at the same time constituting as only one specific product for the use of roof, faade or any building/structure covering application. Another important aspect is that it has a high thermal resistance thereby transmitting lesser heat into the building. Along with this another unique feature is that it has a very high aesthetic appeal compared to a traditional solar system.

[0055] FIGS. 1a & 1b illustrates an arrangement of solar cement board with inbuilt solar power generating components. The solar energy generating board is made by involving a plurality of steps like subjecting a base cement panel to drying or dehydrating, sanding and dusting. Laminating the layers such as toughened glass and/or a thin film 102, EVA layers 104, cell matrix 106 and back sheet 108 as shown in FIGS. 3a & 3b. These are accommodated on a specially designed cement board 110 as shown. The specially designed cement board 110 is provided with a plurality of long rectangular profiles to accommodate the laminated layers as shown in FIG. 5a.

[0056] The solar cement board 100b comprises a toughened glass and/or a thin film as a top layer 102b, a plurality of middle layers like EVA 104b, cell matrix 106b and a back sheet 108b, a plurality of Solar energy capturing components and a specially treated Fiber cement board or the like as a back board 110b. The solar energy capturing components which are prepared by using multiple layers as shown in FIG. 2b are secured on a plurality of long rectangular profiles in the Fiber cement board or the like as shown in FIG. 1a. The top layer i.e. thin film or toughened glass layer 102b along with other layers is rested on a plurality of webs on the board to strengthen the board and avoid top loads getting transferred to the solar energy capturing components secured in the long rectangular profiles.

[0057] The energy generating structure is provided with a free left out web around the board for using it by self-threading screws to affix the boards on to a structure without the need for additional components. A uniquely made tray and a mould are used to specially encapsulate solar energy generating components into the board. Due to more mass of glass compared to thin film sheet, heat dissipation will be faster during power generation. Glass being tempered can withstand any small impacts during installation like dropping of tools, walking on the boards, scratches while moving the materials etc.

[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates a process 200 of preparing different layers of the Solar Cement Board according to the present invention. The specially treated board consists of multi layers with top layer as toughened glass and/or a thin film 202, the next layer of ethylene vinyl acetate EVA 204, next layer of multiple solar cells connected in series 206, another layer of EVA 204, a layer of poly vinyl fluoride (back sheet) 208, one more layer of EVA 204 and finally the bottom layer is a specially treated Cement board 210 of a suitable thickness. All these layers are laminated together in a vacuum chamber of the laminator machine with a pre-set cycle of temperature and time. After the lamination process, special sealant tape or nonconductive compound is applied around the parameter of the Solar Cement Board to prevent dust and moisture entering the Solar Board.

[0059] The Energy generating board is made by involving plurality of steps like subjecting a base cement panel to drying or dehydrating, sanding and dusting. Thereafter coating the cement board to improve its hydrophobic nature with water repellents like Polyurethane (PU) among others.

[0060] FIGS. 3a & 3b illustrates layers of solar cement board made with thin film 300a and glass 300b. The solar cement board comprises 300a & 300b comprises plurality of layers such as top layer as toughened glass 302b and/or a thin film 302a, the next layer being an ethylene vinyl acetate EVA 304a & 304b, next layer being multiple solar cells as a matrix connected in series 306a & 306b, another layer of ethylene vinyl acetate EVA 304a & 304b, a layer of poly vinyl fluoride (back sheet) 308a & 308b, one more layer of ethylene vinyl acetate EVA 304a & 304b and finally the bottom layer is a specially treated Cement board 310a & 310b of a suitable thickness (12 mm).

[0061] FIGS. 4a & 4b illustrates a cross section & top view 400a & 400b depicting the difference between conventional solar roofing covering and SCB's covering according to the present invention. In conventional solar roofing gaps provided between the panels is normally 50 mm and in between the solar panel rows is 600 mm to 1000 mm to avoid shadow effects. This arrangement wastes a lot of space resulting in less power generation when compared with present solar cement boards.

[0062] FIG. 4b shows the arrangement of present solar cement boards covering entire roof area without having any gaps between the solar panel rows. With this, there is 20-30% more floor space covered compared to the conventional solar roofing. In this arrangement the solar roof can generate 20% extra power compared to the conventional solar roofing for the same amount of space as shown in FIGS. 4a & 4b.

[0063] FIGS. 5a & 5b illustrates a top view 500a and side view 500b depicting the specially designed with drilled holes according to the present invention. The specially designed cement board 510 is provided with a plurality of long rectangular profiles to accommodate a sandwich of toughened glass and/or a thin film, EVA layers, cell matrix and back sheet as shown in FIG. 2 to prepare the energy generating board. 512a are drilled holes to take out the positive and negative leads from the solar matrix.

[0064] FIGS. 6a & 6b illustrates a top view 600a and side view 600b depicting the junction box mounting details according to the present invention. Once the designed cement board 610a and sandwiched multi layers are laminated together as shown in FIGS. 5a & 5b a junction box 614a is mounted using a silicon sealant on the backside of the specially treated board. A junction box 614a comprises of an output positive and negative leads with a cable 616a and connectors 618 to protect the connections and provide a safety barrier.

[0065] FIGS. 7a & 7b illustrates a top view 700a and side view 700b depicting a SCB frame with double sided tape according to the present invention. After fixing the junction box on the treated cement board as shown in FIGS. 6a & 6b a SCB frame 720b is concealed by using a double-sided tape 722b to prevent any seepage of dust and moisture in to the laminate during the life of the product. After fixing of junction box and framing the BIPV, the solar cement board is kept in an ambient temperature for 24 hours curing to enable bonding of junction box.

[0066] After the junction box is bounded with the Fiber cement board or the like, it is inspected in Electro Luminescence EL and Sun Simulator (Flash Tester) machines for checking the quality of product. In EL test, the product is checked for any micro cracks in the solar cells and to check any foreign materials presence inside the product during the manufacturing process. Sun Simulator machine test determines the Maximum Output power Pmp of the solar board along with other parameters like Open Circuit voltage Voc, Maximum peak voltage Vmp, Short circuit current Isc, Maximum peak current Imp, Fill Factor etc.

[0067] Measurement of sound insulation in SCB under environmental conditions as per IS 9901-3, DIN 52210-4 and ISO 140-3 are better than any other material claimed in the previous applications. Using filtered noise in one third octave band the air borne sound insulation index was evaluated by measuring the average sound pressure levels generated. On measuring the equivalent absorption in a receiver room with that of a standard reference curve the sound transmission class STC was found to be 29 for SCB.

[0068] By using SCBs for the roof we can use the entire roof area without any gaps between the boards which are normally 50 mm between the solar panels and 600 mm to 1000 mm between the solar panel rows in conventional installations. Thus, SCB roof will be able to provide 20% extra power for the same amount of space used.

[0069] The Solar Cement board with a 12-mm roof having a density equals to 1250 kg/cum and more, has increased efficiency due to thermal conductivity of 0.072 W/mt K. Its thermal insulation reduces the temperatures by 35-40% inside the building. It is customizable in varied sizes for variety of roof types. When compared to GV sheets, SCB's generates no noise and minimizes the effects of heat and rain. No need of an additional insulation mat under the roof. It is fire resistant and electric shock proof compared to the traditional Galvalume sheets which are dangerous and can cause shock and electrocution. It is a Non-Hazardous material when compared to Galvalume sheets used in traditional rooftop solar installations which conduct radiations and may cause health hazards.

[0070] In another embodiment, SCB is not only just a roof for the owner but a revenue generating source for more than 25 years by producing electrical energy. It can be used either for internal consumption or export extra available energy to the electrical grid. In an industrial scenario SCB roof has multiple advantages, due to its very low thermal conductivity, the heat transmitted into the building is very low thus keeping the shop floor congenial for working. The acoustic insulation of the SCB helps lowering the noise during rain compared to a metal roof. Due to the above mentioned, it lowers the requirement of electrical power for keeping the shop floor cooler and finally provides an eco-friendly aesthetic look for the shed.

[0071] The loads on solar panels are generally specified with wind forces and weight of the snow in some parts of the world. Apart from winds, snow or rain if we think about laying conventional solar panels covering a roof near to tall trees or other habitations, there could be a chance the roofs get damaged by dropping of tree branches, other dust or animals climbing on to the units. Traditional installations do not provide protection to heavier winds, foreign bodies falling on the panels or provide proper provision to clean the debris and dirt.

[0072] The ground reaction force when someone walks is somewhere in the region of 1.5 times the body weight, so every time someone step on a surface whilst moving pushes down with as much as 150 Kgs.

[0073] SCB's allow installers weighing around 80-90 Kgs to move, stand on the boards to clean, make installations or corrections. The SCB takes point loads of 50-200 Kgs. The toughened glass and/or the thin film rests on the SCB's webs takes this point load and distribute the same not inciting into the solar generating components.

[0074] FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view 800 depicting the strength of solar cement board according to the present invention. The solar cement boards with certain length are manufactured by incorporating multiple layers as shown in FIG. 2a. A plurality of solar cement boards is sandwiched on a plurality of webs along with long depression all over the roof area to generate maximum electricity. Self-drilling screws are adapted to be used to fix the solar cement boards to a roof structure. web of about 20-50 mm is provided all around the board to enable the installer to use self-threading screws from top to lock the board without need for external components to fix. Adjacent boards are placed at a gap of about 3-5 mm where the gap is filled with a sealant to cover this gap. The energy generating structure formed with the plurality of SCB's provides a load bearing, leak proof, fire and thermal resistant enclosure.

[0075] The SCB is a breakthrough invention in the field of sustainable renewable energy products. It's an Integrated Solar System that serves all the functions of a traditional roof, wall or any conventional building product whilst generating energy for you. An integrated solar panel with a cement base, it reduces thermal conductivity better than any other traditional roof, faade or building product while enhancing the appearance of your building system in terms of roof, faade or other systems.

[0076] In other embodiment, the integrated solar roofing system is not only limited for residential purpose but can also be used in commercial, industrial roofs, bus stop shelters, parking lot shelters, green energy charging stations or the like to generate electricity.

[0077] The present invention in various embodiments, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus substantially as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, sub combinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present invention after reading the detailed description given above.