Comminuting device

Abstract

A device (10) for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates. The device includes a comminuting chamber (14) having a feed side and an outlet side, surrounded by a chamber wall with rotors (26, 28, 30) each including a rotor shaft and striking tools (38) extending radially into the comminuting chamber. The directions of rotation of the rotors (26, 28, 30) are opposite in at least two consecutive segments. An air stream device (31, 37, 39, 41) for leading a particle/air mixture out of the comminuting chamber (14) is arranged in connection with the comminuting chamber.

Claims

1. A device (10) for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates comprising: a comminution chamber (14) having a supply end and a discharge end, which comminution chamber is enclosed by a comminution chamber wall (42) and has at least two portions in succession in the axial direction, in each of which at least one rotor (26, 28, 30) is arranged coaxial with the comminution chamber, each of said at least one rotor having a rotor shaft and having striking tools (38) which extend substantially radially into the comminution chamber at least during operation, the rotors (26, 28, 30) having opposite directions of rotation in at least two successive portions, deflection ribs (48) being arranged annularly on the inside of the comminution chamber wall, characterized in that a delivery cone (12) is arranged above the comminution chamber (14) on the supply end and covers the central region of the rotors, in that an inlet funnel (11) is arranged above the delivery cone (12), an inlet area of adjustable size (d) being formed between the inlet funnel and the delivery cone, and in that an air stream device for guiding a particle/air mixture produced in the comminution chamber is arranged connected to the comminution chamber, which air stream device has at least one fan rotor (31), which is arranged coaxially with the axis of the comminution chamber and has its own shaft (33), which is driven by its own fan drive so as to rotate the fan rotor independently of the rotors.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (d) between the inlet funnel and the delivery cone is adjustable.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inlet funnel (11) is arranged coaxial with the central axis of the comminution chamber so as to be displaceable in the axial direction.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the inlet area formed between the inlet funnel (11) and the delivery cone (12) is formed at least substantially identically about the central axis of the comminution chamber (14).

5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inlet area formed between the inlet funnel (11) and the delivery cone (12) is formed at least substantially identically about the central axis of the comminution chamber (14).

6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising: a control system for the fan drive, and in that a dust sensor is arranged on the supply end, and the fan drive is controllable as a function of an output signal of the dust sensor.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the control system and the fan drive allow operation of the fan rotor (31) at different rotational speeds, and in that the rotational speed is controllable as a function of the output signal of the dust sensor.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the striking tools (38) are arranged offset from one another in a plurality of planes.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the portions in succession from the supply end to the discharge end, the rotors (26, 28, 30) have a rotor casing (34), the radius of which remains constant over the axial length of the comminution chamber.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each rotor (26, 28, 30) has its own drive which is controllable independently of the other rotors.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each striking tool is releasably fastened to a rotor.

12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a first of the least one rotors has more striking tools than a second of the least one rotors, wherein said second of the least one rotors is located between said first of the least one rotors and the supply end.

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a planar distributor plate (16) is arranged below the comminution chamber on the outlet side.

14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that axially or obliquely extending deflector strips (46) are arranged on the comminution chamber wall.

15. A device (10) for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates comprising: a comminution chamber (14) having a supply end and a discharge end, which comminution chamber is enclosed by a chamber wall (42) and has at least two portions in succession in the axial direction, in each of which at least one rotor (26, 28, 30) is arranged coaxial with the comminution chamber, each of said at least one rotor having a rotor shaft and having striking tools (38) which extend substantially radially into the comminution chamber at least during operation, the rotors (26, 28, 30) having opposite directions of rotation in at least two successive portions, deflection ribs (48) being arranged annularly on the inside of the comminution chamber wall, characterized in that a delivery cone (12) is arranged above the comminution chamber (14) on the supply end and covers the central region of the rotors, an inlet funnel (11) is arranged above the delivery cone (12), an inlet area of adjustable size (d) being formed between the inlet funnel and the delivery cone, and an air stream device for guiding a particle/air mixture produced in the comminution chamber is arranged connected to the comminution chamber, which air stream flow device has at least one fan rotor (31), which is arranged coaxially with the axis of the comminution chamber and has its own shaft (33), which is driven by its own fan drive so as to rotate the fan rotor independently of the rotors, and and in that a dust sensor is arranged on the supply end, and the fan drive is controllable by a control system as a function of an output signal of the dust sensor.

16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the control system and the fan drive allow operation of the fan rotor (31) at different rotational speeds, and in that the rotational speed is controllable as a function of the output signal of the dust sensor.

17. A device (10) for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates comprising: a comminution chamber (14) having a supply end and a discharge end, which comminution chamber is enclosed by a chamber wall (42) and has at least two portions in succession in the axial direction, in each of which at least one rotor (26, 28, 30) is arranged coaxial with the comminution chamber, each of said at least one rotor having a rotor shaft and having striking tools (38) which extend substantially radially into the comminution chamber at least during operation, the rotors (26, 28, 30) having opposite directions of rotation in at least two successive portions, deflection ribs (48) being arranged annularly on the inside of the comminution chamber wall; characterized in that an air stream device for guiding a particle/air mixture produced in the comminution chamber is arranged connected to the comminution chamber, which air stream device has at least one fan rotor (31), which is arranged coaxially with the axis of the comminution chamber and has its own shaft (33), which is driven by its own fan drive so as to rotate the fan rotor independently of the rotors, and and in that a dust sensor is arranged on the supply end, and the fan drive is controllable by a control system as a function of an output signal of the dust sensor.

18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the control system and the fan drive allow operation of the fan rotor (31) at different rotational speeds, and in that the rotational speed is controllable as a function of the output signal of the dust sensor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is described below, for example, based on the schematic drawing. The following is shown there:

(2) FIG. 1 A longitudinal section through a mechanical comminuting device of the invention with three rotors;

(3) FIG. 2 A perspective view of an axis with three rotors and a fan rotor from FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONS

(4) FIG. 1 shows a material comminuting and separation device 10, which has an inlet end 1, a discharge end 2, a hopper 11 and an feed cone 12, which are arranged on a cylindrical comminution chamber 14. The gap d between the hopper 11 and the feed cone 12, defining an inlet area 3, can be adjusted using a height adjustment system of the hopper (not shown) in the direction of the cylindrical axis of the comminution chamber. Both bring about a controlled homogeneous supply of material to the entire range of action of the comminuting device, without damaging or wearing down its components, i.e. a complete 360 feeder area in regard to the cylindrical comminution chamber. A horizontal distribution tray 16, from which a passage 17 leads into a hutch chamber 19, is placed under the comminution chamber. The hopper 11, feed cone 12, comminution chamber 14 and distribution tray 16 are connected with one another and rest on a frame 18 schematically shown in FIG. 1. The cylindrical comminution chamber 14 is arranged vertically with its axis. Three concentric shafts are provided for in the center of the comminution chamber 14, with which a first rotor 26, a second rotor 28 located beneath it and a lowermost third rotor 30 at the outlet end are connected. As can in particular also be inferred from the perspective representation in FIG. 2, these three concentric shafts are driven by separate drive mechanisms, which are, in the present example, not shown, but which are inherently known. The drive mechanisms allow for the three rotors 26, 28 and 30 to be controlled separately by means of gear wheels 20, 22 and 24, with a desired rotational direction and desired rotational speed. Each rotor has a cylindrical rotor casing 34, the diameter of which is identical in the case of all three rotors 26, 28 and 30. Each rotor furthermore contains a fastening device 36 for striking tools 38, which are fastened to the fastening device 36 of the rotors 26, 28 and 30. The striking tools 38 remain in a horizontal position, i.e. transverse to the rotor axis, independent of the rotation of the rotors.

(5) A fan rotor 31 rotating coaxially to the rotor axis, which has fan blades 35, which are mounted on a separate shaft 33, which is driven via its own fan drive mechanism is located underneath the rotors 26, 28 and 30 as an airstream device. Thus, the fan rotor 31 can be operated independently of the rotors 26, 28 and 30, preferably also its rotational speed. The fan rotor 31 is driven via a separate gear wheel 25. A control system 39 for the fan drive 37 is operable to control the fan drive in response to signal from a dust sensor 41 which is arranged on the supply end. The fan drive can be controlled as a function of an output signal of the dust sensor. The control system 39 and the fan drive 37 allow operation of the fan rotor 31 at different rotational speeds, in that the rotational speed can be controlled as a function of the output signal of the dust sensor 41. Together, the fan, fan rotor 31, fan drive 37, fan control 39 and dust sensor 41 comprise the air stream device.

(6) The distribution tray 16, from which the shredded particles are conveyed into the hutch chamber 19 via the passage 17 by means of the fan rotor 31, is located directly underneath the fan rotor 31. Instead of or in additionally in another sector of the distribution tray, another device for separating material, e.g. a gravity separator, a rotational separator, e.g. a cyclone, may also be placed above a further passage 17.

(7) The construction of the comminution chamber 14 can, moreover, be seen in detail in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the comminution chamber 14 contains a cylindrical comminution chamber wall 42, on the inside of which, facing the comminution chamber, wear plates 44, which protect the comminution chamber wall, may be fastened. The wear plates are preferably attached to the comminution chamber wall in such a way that they can be exchanged. Furthermore, impact bars 46 are arranged to run vertically on the inside wall of the comminution chamber 14 at a distance of 45 degrees, which serve as an impacting surface for the material accelerated through the striking tools 38. The comminution chamber 14 may, in the alternative to the circular cylindrical wall, have a conical, downwardly widened comminution chamber wall (42).

(8) Deflection ribs 48, 49 are preferably provided for all the way round at a level in the area of the first and second rotors, which are in particular placed in a circular formation on the inside of the comminution chamber wall 42 and serve to guide the flow of material from the comminution chamber wall 42 into the range of action of the striking tools 38.

(9) The design of the rotors can be better seen from FIG. 2, which shows a perspective representation of the rotor configuration inserted centrally in FIG. 1.

(10) The fastening device 36 of each rotor 26, 28 and 30 preferably comprises four discs 50, 52, 54 and 56 concentric to one another, which have holes 58 that are concentric to one another. Such concentric holes 58 can be penetrated by bolts 60, which pierce through perforations at the end 26, 28 or 30 of the striking tools 38 facing the rotor, and thus pinpoint the latter on the rotor. The fastening device may, however, also be designed differently.

(11) In the present example, in the case of each rotor 26, 28 and 30 the striking tools 38 can be established at three different height positions between the four discs 50, 52, 54 and 56. Even though the rotors 26, 28 and 30 are also provided for identically in the present embodiment, it may also be provided for that the rotors located further down have an increasing number of options for attaching the striking tools or that there are more striking tools suspended from the lower rotors than the upper rotors, as shown in the example. For example, more concentric discs could be constructed on the lower rotors, and less concentric discs on the upper rotors. It is, in any event, worthwhile for the density of the striking tools in the lower separating comb area, where high particle speeds prevail, to be greater, whereby the efficiency of the equipment is improved.

(12) In the present embodiment, baffle plates 38 are provided for, which are attached to the fastening device 36 of the rotors 26, 28 and 30. Instead of baffle plates, link chains or other inherently common striking tools can also be used. When the rotor is still, the striking tools are usually suspended and are pressed outward by the rotational force with an increasing rotational speed, until they attain the operational orientation shown in the figure, in which they point radially outwards from the rotor 26, 28 or 30 respectively in the direction of the comminution chamber 42.

(13) The comminuting mechanism in the comminuting and separation chamber can be set via the rotors 26, 28 and 30, while the flow conditions, and thus also the retention times of the ultrafine particles in the comminution chamber can be set via the gap d between the hopper and the feed cone, as well as via the control of the fan rotor 31. As a result, in order to ensure optimum separation of the components contained in the material conglomerate, it is possible to control the comminuting and separation device in such a way that it is customized for specific material conglomerates.

(14) The functioning of the material comminuting device is explained briefly below:

(15) Material to be separated, e.g. ores containing metal, industrial slag containing metal or slag with metal inclusions, is supplied in a controlled way via the hopper 11 and the feed cone 12, namely by adjusting the gap d by means of vertical adjustment of the hopper 12 of the comminution chamber 14 of the comminuting device 10. The coarse material there initially falls down due to its heavy weight, and, in the course of the increasing comminuting in the comminuting device 10, is sucked up by the fan rotor 31 in the direction of the distribution tray, where it is blown from the distribution tray 16 in the direction of further preparation, e.g. a hutch chamber 19, a density separation or rotational separation device (e.g. a cyclone).

(16) The rotors 26, 28 and 30 preferably always rotate in opposite directions to one another, i.e. with alternating rotational directions, wherein the rotational speed can preferably increase from top to bottom. The rotational speed of the upper rotor may, for example, amount to 800 revolutions/min, while the middle rotor turns at 1200 revolutions/min and the lower rotor at 1500 revolutions/min. The material that trickles down is partly shredded by the striking tools 38 on the uppermost first rotor 26, and partly accelerated in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The material either collides with the impact bars 46 or the striking tools 38 of the middle rotor 28 turning in the opposite direction, where the particles of material now, due to the prior acceleration by the upper rotor in the opposite direction, collide at a higher speed, as a result of which the comminuting effect is significantly increased. In addition, also in the case of the middle, second rotor, the rotational speed may be greater than in the case of the first rotor 26, so that, also in this case, the impact on the particles of material is greater than in the case of the upper rotor. In addition, the material particles strike the impact bars 46 running vertically, and are likewise shredded there. Material which trickles down in the area of the comminution chamber wall 42 is re-conveyed by the deflection ribs 48 back into the area located further inwards of the comminution chamber 14 radially, where it is guided to the range of action of the striking tools 38. Since the striking tools on each rotor are placed at various heights (see FIG. 3), a very high likelihood of each particle of material colliding with a striking tool is achieved, with makes for good efficiency of the device.

(17) The lowest, third rotor 30 in the outlet area can rotate at the highest speed. Also in this case it is to be borne in mind that, through the middle, second rotor 28, the material particles are subjected to a greater acceleration in the opposite direction, so that the particles now collide with the lower rotor 30, turning in the opposite direction, at a correspondingly increased counter-speed. Preferably most of the striking tools 38 are located in the area of the lower rotor 30, so that there is a high likelihood here of particles colliding with striking tools 30 or with the vertical impact bars 46. This leads to a very effective comminuting of material.

(18) The invention is not limited to the present embodiment, but variations are possible within the scope of protection of the following claims.

(19) Very high amounts of impact energy of material conglomerates to be separated against the striking tools are achieved with the invention, wherein the particles broken up can be effectively conveyed for further preparation. In addition, the material separation can be controlled by effectively regulating the material flow, in particular the flow of ultrafine particles.

(20) In particular, the number and distribution of the striking tools may differ from the example shown. Various different striking tools, such as chains and baffle plates, may be used. Very many more striking tools may be distributed over the circumference in the area of the lowest rotor than in the areas further up. This leads, in the area of the third section, to an increased likelihood of collisions.

(21) The comminution chamber wall can have a sector which can be opened, in order to make access to the comminution chamber possible, for example, for undertaking maintenance work. Consumable parts, such as the striking tools 38 or the wear plates 44, can thus be much more easily exchanged.