Abstract
The present application provides an electric energy allocation bus system, including one or more pairs of electric energy allocation buses, which realizes controllable electric quantity transfer among batteries, power generation devices and electrical loads. The electric energy allocation bus system has an electric energy transfer mode between the batteries and the power generation devices called valley filling mode; an electric energy transfer between the batteries and the electric loads called peak clipping mode; and an electric energy transfer between the power generation devices and the electric loads called direct power supply mode. An electric energy allocation method is further provided to realize the controllable electric energy transfer among batteries, power generation devices and electrical loads.
Claims
1. An electric energy allocation bus system, comprising: one or more pairs of electric energy allocation buses, by which a battery, a power generation device and/or an electric load are connected to realize controllable electric quantity transfer among the battery, the power generation device and the electrical load; wherein, 2 or more batteries are provided, and the batteries are grouped in series or grouped in series-parallel which is to group in series after grouped in parallel; the sum of power generation devices and electric loads is 1 or greater than 1; the batteries accessed to the electric energy allocation buses are less than the total number of the batteries; a rated output voltage of the power generation devices accessed to the electric energy allocation buses is less than that of a battery pack; a rated working voltage of the electric loads accessed to the electric energy allocation buses is less than that of the battery pack; and all of the batteries, the power generation devices or the electric loads accessed to the electric energy allocation bus system have switches under unified coordination and control to realize electrical connection with or disconnection from the electric energy allocation buses; or the batteries, the power generation devices or the electrical loads do not have the above switches, but lines accessed to the buses have switches under unified coordination and control to control electrical connection with or disconnection from the electric energy allocation buses.
2. The electric energy allocation bus system of claim 1, wherein an electric energy transfer between the batteries and the power generation devices is a valley filling mode: the power generation devices and a battery with a minimum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack are simultaneously accessed to electric energy allocation buses of a same group, and the battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack is charged by using the power generation devices.
3. The electric energy allocation bus system of claim 1, wherein an electric energy transfer between the batteries and the electric loads is a peak clipping mode: a battery with a maximum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack and an electrical load device are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical load is powered by the battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack.
4. The electric energy allocation bus system of claim 1, wherein an electric energy transfer between the power generation devices and the electric loads is a direct power supply mode: the power generation devices and the electrical loads are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical loads are directly powered by using the power generation devices.
5. The electric energy allocation bus system of claim 1, wherein the battery is a smart battery which comprises: a control unit, comprising: (1) a main control module for coordinating cooperative work of various modules of the smart battery, coordinating work of all modules of other smart batteries in a same group and connected power generation devices/electrical loads through a communication interface, communicating with a superior control system of a smart battery pack, reporting data of the smart battery pack, and receiving and executing commands of the superior control system of the smart battery pack; (2) a charging module for executing a charging command issued directly by the main control module, charging the smart battery according to supplied charging parameters, and adjusting the supplied charging parameters in real time according to received latest charging parameters; (3) an electric quantity transfer module for externally supplying power by using electric energy of the smart battery under control of the main control module; and (4) a communication module for transmitting data between smart batteries of the same group, between the smart battery pack and the superior control system of the smart battery pack and between a power generation devices or electrical loads accessed to communication buses and the smart battery; a body portion; a connecting wire; a sensor; and a shell, wherein the control unit is configured to control coordinately, acquire information, analyze statistic, control actively and give external feedback; when controlling coordinately, the control unit coordinates and controls cooperative work of other smart batteries in a smart battery pack and power generation devices or electrical loads accessed to a same electric energy allocation bus through a communication interface, including: keeping clocks of all smart batteries synchronous and keeping synchronous with a clock of a superior control system of the smart battery pack, coordinating and determining a control unit of a certain smart battery in the smart battery pack, coordinating data collection and transmission of other smart batteries, coordinating calibration of data collection precision of all the smart batteries in the smart battery pack, controlling data collection types and frequencies of all smart batteries, upgrading programs of the control unit, and performing self-tests of the control unit of each smart battery; when acquiring information, the control unit is further configured to: acquire information of the smart battery, including voltage, current, internal resistance, temperature, environmental temperature, motion states, vibration and acceleration data through a data collection function of the control unit, acquire above information of each of other smart batteries in the same group and clock/self-test/calibration information through a communication function of the control unit, acquire voltage/current data on the electric energy allocation bus, acquire external interaction commands and environmental temperature information through the communication function of the control unit, and add time stamps on all above information and store the information; when analyzing the statistic, the control unit is configured to count, analyze and compute the number of charging and discharging cycles of each smart battery in the smart battery pack, charging and discharging depth, remaining electric quantity and deterioration degree according to the acquired information, compute charging parameters suitable for each smart battery according to commands, compute power supply and electricity use information accessed to the electric energy allocation bus for switching different smart batteries and/or power generation devices and/or electrical loads to access to the electric energy allocation bus or disconnect from the electric energy allocation bus, and add time stamps on all above information and stores the information; when control actively, the control unit is configured to perform electric quantity transfer among the smart batteries belonging to a same group to realize a reallocation of the remaining electric quantity among all the smart batteries, or to charge partial or all the smart batteries in the smart battery pack through the power supply devices accessed to the electric energy allocation bus, switch corresponding smart batteries and/or power generation devices and/or electrical loads to access to the electric energy allocation bus or disconnect from the electric energy allocation bus according to a statistic analysis result; the control unit is configured to adjust charging parameters dynamically based on a statistic analysis computation result and the external commands; when giving external feedback, the control unit passively answers the external interaction commands or actively issues information to an outward; the control unit adopts a full-time charging mode or a time-sharing charging mode; wherein the full-time charging mode is to complete charging by the control unit in an entire charging process, and the time-sharing charging mode is to complete the entire charging process; and the smart battery comprises connecting wires, a positive leading wire and a negative leading wire of the body portion are respectively connected with a positive binding post and a negative binding post of the shell of the smart battery, and an overload protection apparatus and a current sensor are installed on a connecting circuit; a positive output end and a negative output end for charging function and an input end for electric quantity transfer function in the control unit are respectively connected with the positive leading wire and the negative leading wire of the body portion; and the current sensor is installed on the connecting circuit; the main control module is directly connected to the charging module, the communication module and the electric quantity transfer module, respectively; input ends of both the charging module and the electric quantity transfer module are connected to the electric energy allocation bus and output ends of both the charging module and the electric quantity transfer module are connected to the body portion; and the main control module, the charging module, the communication module and the electric quantity transfer module are independent hardware components.
6. The electric energy allocation bus system of claim 5, wherein the body portion of the smart battery is a battery or a battery module formed by at least two batteries.
7. The electric energy allocation bus system of claim 5, wherein the smart battery comprises an integrated or split shell; the control unit, the body portion, the connecting wire and the sensor are combined together; the shell is provided with exposed positive binding post and negative binding post and a plurality of interfaces, including partial or all interfaces such as an environmental temperature sensor interface, a power supply interface, an electric energy allocation bus interface, a heat dissipation interface, a calibration interface, a communication interface and a program upgrade interface; all interfaces are independent or combined into one interface.
8. An electric energy allocation method, comprising: with the electric energy allocation bus system of claim 1, realizing a controllable electric energy transfer among the batteries, the power generation devices and the electrical loads accessed to the electric energy allocation bus system by adopting one or more of the following electric energy transfer modes: i) valley filling mode between the batteries and the power generation devices: the power generation devices and a battery with a minimum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack are simultaneously accessed to electric energy allocation buses of a same group, and the battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack is charged using the power generation devices; ii) peak clipping mode between the batteries and the electric loads: a battery with a maximum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack and an electrical load device are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical load is powered by the battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack; and iii) direct power supply mode between the power generation devices and the electric loads: the power generation devices and the electrical loads are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical loads are directly powered by using the power generation devices.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0089] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic block diagram of a smart battery.
[0090] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram 1 of an electric quantity transfer module and a charging module of a smart battery.
[0091] FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram 2 of an electric quantity transfer module and a charging module of a smart battery.
[0092] FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of external power supply through an electric quantity transfer module in a smart battery.
[0093] FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram that a charging module receives electric energy from an electric energy allocation bus to charge in a smart battery.
[0094] FIG. 6 is a basic electric energy transfer mode 1 of an electric energy allocation bus system: a schematic block diagram of a valley filling mode.
[0095] FIG. 7 is a basic electric energy transfer mode 2 of an electric energy allocation bus system: a schematic block diagram of a peak clipping mode.
[0096] FIG. 8 is a basic electric energy transfer mode 3 of an electric energy allocation bus system: a schematic block diagram of a direct power supply mode.
[0097] FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a stripped-down smart battery group.
[0098] FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of basic components of a battery pack of an electric vehicle.
[0099] FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an application 1 of an electric energy allocation bus on an electric vehicle.
[0100] FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of an application 2 of an electric energy allocation bus on an electric vehicle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0101] With reference to FIG. 10 to FIG. 12, an application of an electric energy allocation bus on an electric vehicle is introduced.
[0102] FIG. 10 shows basic components of a battery pack of an electric vehicle, which is equivalent to dividing the smart battery shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 in the present invention into 2 parts: a battery module 1001 and a control unit 1002. The battery module 1001 herein is formed by connecting 5 batteries in parallel, equivalent to a body portion of the smart battery. The function of the control unit 1002 is simplified. A charging module is cancelled, but switches 1003 and 1004 therein are reserved. An electric quantity transfer module is cancelled, but switches 1005 and 1006 therein are reserved. The control unit can control on-off of the switches 1003 and 1004 so that the battery module 1001 and the electric energy allocation bus 1007 are connected or disconnected. The control unit can control on-off of the switches 1005 and 1006 so that the battery module 1001 and the electric energy bus 1008 are connected or disconnected. A collection module in the control unit can collect data at least including voltage of the battery module 1001, such as voltage, current and temperature. For the collection function, a hollow arrow 1009 indicates a data flow direction. A communication module in the control unit can communicate with control units or vehicle control units (VCU) of other batteries through a communication bus 1010.
[0103] FIG. 11 shows an application 1 of an electric energy allocation bus on an electric vehicle. The battery pack is formed by connecting 96 battery modules in series. The electric vehicle is assumed to be in a braking state. At this moment, an equipped braking energy recovery and power generation system comes into operation, starts to generate power and provides alternating current to an AC-DC converter. An output end of the AC-DC converter outputs direct current. At this moment, the output end of the AC-DC converter can be regarded as a power generation device or a power supply device. Each control unit can collect the remaining electric quantity of each battery module in real time. The remaining electric quantity of No. 1 battery module at this moment is assumed to be minimal. No. 1 control unit controls to turn on the switches 1101 and 1102, access No. 1 battery module to the electric energy allocation bus 1103, notifies VCU through the communication bus 1104, controls to turn on the switch 1105 and accesses the output end of the AC-DC converter to the electric energy allocation bus 1103. At this moment, the AC-DC converter supplies power to the electric energy allocation bus 1103. The No. 1 battery receives the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus 1103. An electric energy flow direction 1106 in the electric energy bus 1103 is a flow from the AC-DC converter into the No. 1 battery, thereby realizing electric energy transfer to charge the battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity in the battery pack by using the power generation device, i.e., the valley filling mode, so that the No. 1 battery module can keep the same discharge depth as other battery modules and the entire life of the battery pack can be prolonged. The output power of the AC-DC converter at this moment is assumed to be higher than an output power required by the No. 1 battery module. The VCU controls to turn on the switch 1107, accesses a braking light (which can be regarded as an electrical load) to the electric energy allocation bus 1108, controls to turn on the switch 1109 and accesses the output end of the AC-DC converter to the electric energy allocation bus 1108. At this moment, the AC-DC converter supplies power to the electric energy allocation bus 1108. The braking light receives the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus 1108. An electric energy flow direction 1110 in the electric energy bus 1108 is a flow from the AC-DC converter into the braking light, thereby realizing electric energy transfer to supply power to the electrical load by using the power generation device, i.e., the direct power supply mode, so that two energy losses, i.e., an energy loss caused by conversion between electric energy and chemical energy and an energy loss caused by conversion from high voltage to low voltage of a DC-DC converter are avoided so as to increase endurance mileage of the electric vehicle. The DC-DC converter for switching high voltage to low voltage can be taken out of the system, thereby saving cost, volume and weight, reducing high-voltage circuits, increasing safety, increasing system reliability due to reduction of the number of devices, avoiding a charging and discharging process, reducing charging and discharging cycles of the battery pack and prolonging the cycle life of the battery pack.
[0104] FIG. 12 shows an application 2 of an electric energy allocation bus on an electric vehicle. The control units of all the battery modules send the collected remaining electric quantity data of each battery module to the VCU through the communication bus 1201. It is assumed that the remaining electric quantity of No. 96 battery module at this moment is maximal and a windscreen wiper needs to be started to operate at this moment. The VCU controls to turn on an input switch 1202 of the DC-DC converter, and accesses the DC-DC converter to the electric energy allocation bus 1203. No. 96 control unit controls to turn on the switches 1204 and 1205, and accesses No. 96 battery module to the electric energy allocation bus 1203. At this moment, No. 96 battery module supplies power to the electric energy allocation bus 1203. An input end of the DC-DC converter receives the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus 1203. An electric energy flow direction 1206 in the electric energy bus 1203 is a flow from the No. 96 battery module into the DC-DC converter, wherein the input end of the DC-DC converter can receive the electric energy herein, and can be regarded as a load. The VCU controls to turn on the switch 1207, accesses the windscreen wiper to the electric energy allocation bus 1208, controls to turn on the switch 1209 and also accesses the output end of the DC-DC converter to the electric energy allocation bus 1208. Herein, the output end of the DC-DC converter can external supply power, and can be regarded as a power generation device or a power supply device. An electric energy flow direction 1210 in the electric energy allocation bus is a flow from the output end of the DC-DC converter into the windscreen wiper, thereby realizing power supply to the windscreen wiper by using the No. 96 battery finally, i.e., electric energy transfer to supply power to the load by using the battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity in the battery pack, i.e., the peak clipping mode, so that the remaining electric quantity of each battery module in the battery pack tends to be consistent, thereby achieving a purpose of balancing the battery pack and prolonging the cycle life of the battery pack.
[0105] The present invention is further described below according to drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these drawings and embodiments are only used for illustrating purposes of the present invention, not to limit a scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can realize more functions or extend an application scope of the present invention according to principles described in the present invention through appropriate transformation and replacement.
[0106] With reference to FIG. 1, a structural schematic block diagram of a smart battery of the present invention is described. The smart battery comprises a body portion, a control unit, a connecting line, a shell and a sensor (not shown), wherein the control unit comprises a main control module, a storage module, a collection module, a charging module, an electric quantity transfer module, a communication module and an interaction module.
[0107] With reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5, an operating mode of electric quantity transfer of the smart battery is introduced. When the battery does not participate in electric quantity transfer, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, an electric quantity transfer power supply switch 202 of an electric quantity transfer module 201 is turned off, i.e., not operated, and an electric quantity transfer power receiving switch 203 of a charging module is also turned off, i.e., not operated, wherein the body portion 205 of the smart battery 204 comprises 1 battery. The body portion 302 of the smart battery 301 in FIG. 3 is a battery module formed by connecting 4 batteries in parallel. When the battery transfers electric quantity, i.e., supplies power, to other batteries or electrical loads accessed to the same electric energy allocation bus system, as shown in FIG. 4, an electric quantity transfer power supply switch 401 of the electric quantity transfer module is turned on. At this moment, electric energy flows out of the battery, as shown by an electric energy transfer direction 403 in the electric energy allocation bus 402 in FIG. 4. When the battery receives the electric quantity transferred to the battery by other batteries or power generation devices accessed to the same electric energy allocation bus system, i.e., charges the battery, as shown in FIG. 5, an electric quantity transfer power receiving switch 501 of the charging module is turned on, a power supply input of the charging module is switched to the electric energy allocation bus and the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus is received to charge the battery. At this moment, the electric energy flows in the battery, as shown by an electric energy transfer direction 503 in the electric energy allocation bus 502 in FIG. 4.
[0108] With reference to FIG. 6 to FIG. 8, three basic electric energy transfer modes of the electric energy allocation bus system are introduced, i.e., valley filling, peak clipping and direct power supply.
[0109] FIG. 6 shows the valley filling electric energy transfer mode of the electric energy allocation bus system, i.e., a battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity in the battery pack is charged by using the power generation device through the electric energy allocation bus. When the power generation device can provide electric energy, it is assumed that the main control module judges that No. 2 battery 601 has the minimum remaining electric quantity, and decides to charge the No. 2 battery 601 by the power generation device. The main control module controls whether each battery and device is accessed to the electric energy allocation bus 603 through a communication bus 602. The main control module controls to turn on the electric quantity transfer power receiving switch 604 of the charging module of No. 2 battery 601, controls to turn on an electric energy allocation bus access switch 605 of the power generation device, and keeps bus access switches of all other batteries and devices in an off state. At this moment, the power generation device supplies power to the electric energy allocation bus 603. The No. 2 battery 601 receives the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus. An electric energy flow direction 606 in the electric energy allocation bus 603 is a flow from the power generation device into No. 2 battery 601, thereby realizing electric energy transfer to charge the battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity in the battery pack by using the power generation device, i.e., the valley filling mode.
[0110] FIG. 7 shows a peak clipping electric energy transfer mode of the electric energy allocation bus system, i.e., the electrical load is powered using a battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity in the battery pack through the electric energy allocation bus. When the electrical load needs to be started, it is assumed that the main control module judges that No. 4 battery 701 has the maximum remaining electric quantity, and decides to power the electrical load by the No. 4 battery 701. The main control module controls whether each battery and device is accessed to the electric energy allocation bus 703 through a communication bus 702. The main control module controls to turn on an electric energy allocation bus access switch 704 of the electrical load, controls to turn on an electric quantity transfer power supply switch 705 of the electric quantity transfer module of the No. 4 battery 701, and keeps bus access switches of all other batteries and devices in an off state. At this moment, No. 4 battery 701 supplies power to the electric energy allocation bus 703. The electrical load receives the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus 703. An electric energy flow direction 706 in the electric energy allocation bus 703 is a flow from No. 4 battery 701 into the electrical load, thereby realizing electric energy transfer to supply power to the electrical load by using the battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity in the battery pack, i.e., the peak clipping mode.
[0111] FIG. 8 shows the direct power supply electric energy transfer mode of the electric energy allocation bus system, i.e., the electrical load is directly powered by using the power generation device. When the electrical load needs to be started, and when the power generation device can supply power externally and it is assumed that a difference among the remaining electric quantity of each battery at this moment is lower than start preset values of valley filling and peak clipping, the main control module decides to supply power to the electrical load by using the power generation device. The main control module controls to turn on an electric energy allocation bus access switch 802 of the electrical load through a communication bus 801, controls to turn on an electric energy allocation bus access switch 803 of the power generation device, and keeps bus access switches of all other batteries in an off state. At this moment, the power generation device supplies power to the electric energy allocation bus 804. The electrical load receives the electric energy from the electric energy allocation bus 804. An electric energy flow direction 805 in the electric energy allocation bus 804 is a flow from the power generation device into the electrical load, thereby realizing electric energy transfer to supply power to the electrical load by using the power generation device, i.e., the direct power supply mode.
[0112] FIG. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a stripped-down smart battery group, wherein 4 smart batteries are connected in series to form a group, i.e., No. 1 battery 901, No. 2 battery 902, No. 3 battery 903 and No. 4 battery 904. Potentials of 4 batteries in the battery pack are from low to high. No electric energy allocation bus is arranged in the battery pack. No electric quantity transfer module is included in each of the smart battery. Only No. 1 battery 901 is provided with the main control module. The communication modules and the superior control system of all the batteries are connected together through the communication bus 905. The main control module acquires the data of all the batteries and interaction command information of the superior control system in real time through the collection module and the communication module, computes the charging parameter of each battery during charging according to real-time data such as deterioration degree, remaining electric quantity and the like of each battery, transmits the charging parameters to each battery, adjusts the charging parameter of each battery according to acquired latest information, and uses one or a combination of the following charging solutions:
[0113] 1. fully charging a charging curve according to a recommendation of the battery;
[0114] 2. using different charging parameters for each battery and dynamically adjusting the charging parameters so that each battery keeps the same discharge depth at the end of the next discharge;
[0115] 3. receiving a command of the superior control system for charging maximum electric quantity, i.e., overcharging partial or all batteries within bearable safety ranges of the temperature and temperature rise of a monitoring battery; and
[0116] 4. reducing power consumption, dormancy and even closing except for the charging module due to limited energy when a charging power supply is a portable power supply, and minimizing the power consumption of the charging module in the entire charging process to change the charging parameters of the charging module so as to increase the electric quantity charged into the battery as much as possible.
[0117] Embodiment 1: A fully configured smart battery, as shown in a structural schematic block diagram of a smart battery of FIG. 1, comprises a body portion, a control unit, a connecting line and a shell, and also comprises a sensor and an interface (not shown), wherein the control unit comprises a main control module, a storage module, a collection module, a charging module, an electric quantity transfer module, a communication module and an interaction module.
[0118] Embodiment 2: A fully configured smart battery group, formed by connecting 4 smart batteries in series, as shown in FIG. 6 to FIG. 8, comprises No. 1 battery, No. 2 battery, No. 3 battery and No. 4 battery. Potentials of 4 batteries in the battery pack are from low to high. The fully configured smart battery group also comprises an electric energy allocation bus, a power generation device, an electrical load, a superior control system and a communication bus.
[0119] Embodiment 3: A stripped-down smart battery group, formed by connecting 4 smart batteries in series, as shown in FIG. 9, comprises No. 1 battery 901, No. 2 battery 902, No. 3 battery 903 and No. 4 battery 904. Potentials of 4 batteries in the battery pack are from low to high. No electric energy allocation bus is arranged in the battery pack. No electric quantity transfer module is included in each of the smart battery. Only No. 1 battery 901 is provided with the main control module. The communication modules and the superior control system of all the batteries are connected together through the communication bus 905.
[0120] Although the present invention is described in detail above through general illustration and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention on the basis of the present invention. This is apparent for those skilled in the art. For example, the control unit and the body portion of the smart battery are separated to become a split battery, or three basic electric energy transfer modes of the electric energy allocation bus are combined, and the like. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from spirits of the present invention belong to a protection scope of the present invention.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0121] The smart battery and the electric energy allocation bus system of the present invention can be applied to any environment that needs to use the smart battery group, including but not limited to the following industries: electric bicycles, electric automobiles, electric mobile machinery shops, ships and submarines, smart battery energy storage systems of trains, backup power supply systems of machine rooms, backup smart battery packs of communication power supplies, smart battery packs of field mobile communication base stations, various smart battery pack energy storage systems including photovoltaic generation and wind power generation systems, smart battery pack systems of aerospace vehicles, smart battery pack systems of ships and submarines and other fields.
