Quick hitch for tools of excavators, cranes, crawler-type vehicles or the like

Abstract

A quick hitch for coupling and decoupling a tool at a rotator for rotating the tool that has a rotator attachment part that is attachable to an excavator arm or the like and that has a rotary rotator part rotatable relative thereto, wherein the quick hitch has a coupling part at the rotator side that is fastenable to the rotatable rotary rotator part and has a coupling part at the tool side, wherein the two coupling parts can be brought into engagement with one another and can be latched to one another by at least one latch element. A latch operating actuator is provided at the rotator attachment part for actuating a latch adjustment part movably arranged at one of the coupling parts for the unlatching and/or latching of the latch element, the latch operating actuator being rotatable about the rotator axis of rotation relative to the latch adjustment part.

Claims

1. A quick hitch assembly for coupling and decoupling a tool at a rotator for rotating the tool, comprising: a rotator comprising a stationary rotator attachment part that is attachable to a tool carrier and a rotary rotator part rotatable relative to the stationary rotator attachment part about an axis of rotation; a quick hitch coupling comprising a male rotator coupling portion rigidly fastened to the rotary rotator part, and a female tool coupling portion fastenable to a tool; wherein the rotator coupling portion and the tool coupling portion are configured to couple and uncouple by linear movement along a coupling axis in parallel with the axis of rotation; at least one radially-outward biased latch element disposed on the rotator coupling portion and received within a latching contour in the tool coupling portion for latching the rotator coupling portion and the tool coupling portion; a latch adjustment part movably disposed on the tool coupling portion; wherein the latch adjustment part comprises an adjustment ring that extends in annular form about the axis of rotation in a plane perpendicular thereto and is supported on the tool coupling portion to be movable along an adjustment movement axis in parallel with the axis of rotation; and a latch operating actuator rigidly fastened to the stationary rotator attachment part for actuating the latch adjustment part for the unlatching and/or latching of the at least one latch element; wherein the latch operating actuator comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders each with a piston therein, each piston movable along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation; wherein the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders act upon the adjustment ring to move the adjustment ring in the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation; wherein the adjustment ring is rotatable about the axis of rotation relative to the pistons; and wherein the adjustment ring has a slanted surface that is arranged adjacent to the at least one latch element in a coupled position of the rotator coupling portion and the tool coupling portion and is configured to be brought into engagement with the at least one latch element by movement of the adjustment ring along its adjustment movement axis so that the slanted surface engaging obliquely to the adjustment movement axis slides along the at least one latch element and the adjustment movement of the adjustment ring is converted into a radially-inward latch movement of the at least one latch element to uncouple the rotator coupling portion from the latching in the tool coupling portion.

2. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one latch element is latchably and unlatchably supported transversely movable relative to the coupling axis.

3. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the rotator coupling portion forms a stub-shaped coupling projection and the tool coupling portion forms a bowl-shaped coupling cut-out.

4. The quick hitch assembly of claim 3, wherein the bowl-shaped coupling cut-out has latching surfaces that are undercut with respect to the coupling axis and are configured to be engaged behind by the at least one latch element by a radial outward movement of the at least one latch element.

5. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one latch element comprises a plurality of latch elements, wherein the plurality of latch elements are arranged in a star shape and are each movably supported such that the plurality of latch elements can be latched and unlatched with a main movement component radial to the rotator axis of rotation.

6. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one latch element has a slanted surface set obliquely to the coupling axis and is supported such that, on the moving toward one another of the rotator coupling portion and the tool coupling portion along the coupling axis, the at least one latch element is automatically pressed back into an unlatching position and slides along a contour of the tool coupling portion to be latched until a latching contour of the tool coupling portion to be latched is reached and the at least one latch element is moved out into its latching position.

7. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one latch element is preloaded into its latching position by a preloading apparatus.

8. The quick hitch assembly of claim 7, wherein the preloading apparatus is a spring device.

9. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the latch operating actuator is configured as single-action actuator, is preloaded into an inactive position by a preloading apparatus and can be acted on by a pressure fluid into its active position for actuating the adjustment ring.

10. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the latch operating actuator is arranged at an outer peripheral side of the stationary rotator attachment part.

11. The quick hitch assembly of claim 1, wherein the latch operating actuator and an actuation surface of the adjustment ring for the latch operating actuator are arranged on reference circles that have the same radius about the rotator axis of rotation.

12. A machine assembly comprising: the quick hitch assembly of claim 1.

13. The machine assembly of claim 12, wherein the quick hitch assembly forms a retrofittable assembly configured to be subsequently mounted at the rotator in one or both a rigid and releasable manner.

14. The machine assembly of claim 12, wherein the quick hitch assembly forms an integral component of the rotator.

15. The machine assembly of claim 12, wherein the rotator has a rotary drive for rotating the rotary rotator part with respect to the stationary rotator attachment part.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Various features and advantages of the present invention may be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an excavator having a quick hitch between the excavator arm and the digging tool in accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the invention.

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic, perspective representation of the quick hitch of FIG. 1, with the two coupling portions being shown in the decoupled state moved apart from one another and with the arrangement of the one coupling portion at the rotator axis of rotation of a rotator being illustrated.

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic, perspective representation of the quick hitch similar to FIG. 2, with the two coupling portions decoupled from one another being shown obliquely from below from a different direction of view that shows the latch operating actuators at the rotator attachment part that does not co-rotate more clearly.

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic, perspective representation of the quick hitch similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a direction of view into the coupling part at the tool side that shows the displaceable latch adjustment parts and their slit-shaped guidance in the coupling part at the tool side.

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the quick hitch of the preceding figures, with the latched state of the two coupling portions being shown and the latch adjustment parts and their oblique surfaces being shown still out of engagement with the latch elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) To facilitate an understanding of the principles and features of the various embodiments of the invention, various illustrative embodiments are explained below. Although exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention is limited in its scope to the details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, in describing the exemplary embodiments, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity.

(8) It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an and the include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to a component is intended also to include composition of a plurality of components. References to a composition containing a constituent is intended to include other constituents in addition to the one named.

(9) Also, in describing the exemplary embodiments, terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning as understood by those skilled in the art and includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.

(10) Ranges may be expressed herein as from about or approximately or substantially one particular value and/or to about or approximately or substantially another particular value. When such a range is expressed, other exemplary embodiments include from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value.

(11) Similarly, as used herein, substantially free of something, or substantially pure, and like characterizations, can include both being at least substantially free of something, or at least substantially pure, and being completely free of something, or completely pure.

(12) By comprising or containing or including is meant that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, materials, particles, method steps, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps have the same function as what is named.

(13) It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more method steps does not preclude the presence of additional method steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Similarly, it is also to be understood that the mention of one or more components in a composition does not preclude the presence of additional components than those expressly identified.

(14) The materials described as making up the various elements of the invention are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable materials that would perform the same or a similar function as the materials described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of the invention. Such other materials not described herein can include, but are not limited to, for example, materials that are developed after the time of the development of the invention.

(15) FIG. 1 shows by way of example an excavator 1 to whose boom 2 a digging tool 7 is connected in an articulated manner, with the digging tool 7 being attached by means of a quick hitch 4 to a rotator 3 by which the digging tool 7 can be rotated about an upright rotator axis of rotation. The rotator 3 itself can likewise be tiltable and/or pivotable at the boom arm of a tool carrier, for example, the boom 2, with the boom 2 being able to have pivoting and/or tilting kinematics known per se for this purpose and/or with such a pivotability and/or tiltability being able to be integrated in the rotator 3.

(16) It is understood that the quick hitch 4 can also be provided at similar earth-moving equipment or material transfer equipment such as a telescopic mobile crane such as is used on trucks, for example.

(17) FIGS. 2 to 5 show the quick hitch 4 and the rotator 3 at which the quick hitch 4 is mounted in more detail. The rotator 3 in this respect comprises in a manner known per se a rotator articulation part 8 that is installed at the machine side, in particular at the boom 3 of the excavator 1 or of another piece of equipment. A rotational rotator part 9 is rotatably supported at the rotator attachment part 8, with the rotator attachment part 8 forming an upper rotator part and the rotary rotator part 9 forming a lower rotator part and the rotator axis of rotation 10 being able to be an upright axis.

(18) The quick hitch 4 comprises two coupling portions 5 and 6 of which a coupling portion 5 at the rotator side can be rotationally fixedly connected to the rotary rotator part 9 and can therefore be rotated with it about the rotator axis of rotation 10. A coupling portion 6 at the tool side can be rigidly connected to the tool 7 and forms a counter-piece to the coupling portion 5 at the rotator side so that the two coupling portions 5 and 6 can be moved toward one another, in particular into one another, and can be latched with one another.

(19) For example, one of the coupling portions can form a projecting coupling stub and the other coupling portion 6 can form a tub-like coupling mount into which the aforesaid coupling stub can be moved. As FIG. 2 shows, the coupling portion 5 at the rotator side can form the coupling stub and the coupling portion 6 at the tool side can form the tub-like coupling mount. It is, however, understood that other contours of the coupling portions can also generally be provided, for example plate-like contours.

(20) As FIGS. 2-4 illustrate, the two coupling portions 5 and 6 are configured such that the two coupling portions 5 and 6 can be moved into one another or toward one another and can be released from one another by a linear coupling movement along a coupling axis 11, with the coupling axis 11 being able to extend substantially in parallel with the rotator axis of rotation 10. The two coupling portions 5 and 6 can in this respect be contoured, for example by a contour differing from the circular, the cylindrical or the conical shape, such that the two coupling portions 5 and 6 cannot be rotated against one another independently of their latching to one another in order to transmit the rotator rotations reliably to the tool 7, with the contour of the coupling portions 5 and 6 being able to be such that the two coupling portions 5 and 6 can only be moved in one alignment or also in different alignments, for example offset from one another by 90 or by 180. Alternatively or additionally, the coupling portions 5 and 6 can, however, also be made rotationally fixed in a rotational manner with respect to one another by the latching to one another or can be blocked in a rotational manner with respect to one another such that the coupling portions 5, 6 can optionally also be configured such that they can move into one another in any desired rotational position.

(21) As FIGS. 3 and 4 show, for example, lateral projections can, for example, be provided at the coupling stub that can move into corresponding cut-outs in the coupling tub to prevent a rotation.

(22) To be able to latch the two coupling portions 5 and 6 to one another in the state moved toward one another, a plurality of latch elements 12 can be provided that can be provided at one or both coupling portions 5 and 6 and that can in this respect be movably supported such that the latch elements 12 can be moved inwardly and outwardly transversely to the coupling axis 11. The latch elements 12 can in this respect be linearly displaceably supported or can also be pivotably supported in the manner of latch levers.

(23) As FIGS. 2 and 3 show, latch elements 12 can, for example, only be provided at the coupling portion 5 at the rotator side and can project in the latching position transversely to the stub-shaped coupling body of the coupling portion 5. These latch elements 12 can travel inwardly or can be pressed away on the movement into the bowl-shaped or tub-shaped cut-out of the coupling portion 6 at the tool side. If the two coupling portions 5 and 6 reach their coupling position in accordance with their intended purpose, the latch elements 12 can move out transversely and can engage behind the coupling portion 6 at the tool side or latch contours provided there, as FIG. 5 illustrates. The bowl-shaped coupling cut-out can, for example, have peripheral cut-outs or recesses in the coupling portion 6 into which the latch elements 12 can move.

(24) The latch elements 12 can advantageously be preloaded into their latching position; for example by means of latch springs 13, cf. FIG. 5, and/or by means of another preloading apparatus, for example in the form of a pressure store.

(25) The latch elements 12 can in this respect be contoured and/or arranged such that they move independently into their unlatched position, for example by a corresponding slanted surface contour, on the moving toward one another of the two coupling portions 5 and 6 despite their preloading into the latching position.

(26) To be able to unlatch the latched latch elements 12, latch adjustment parts 14 can be provided at the coupling portion 6 at the tool side and can be movably supported, in particular displaceably supported, at the coupling part 6 at the tool side. The latch adjustment parts 14 can, for example, be longitudinally displaceably guided in parallel with the coupling axis 11, for example by means of guide slits 15 or other sliding guide means that can be provided at the coupling portion 6 at the tool side. As FIG. 4 shows, the latch adjustment parts 14 can form plate-like sliders that can be arranged in star shape and/or can be aligned in parallel with the coupling axis 11 and can be displaceably guided.

(27) The latch adjustment parts 14 can be connected to a common adjustment ring 16 to be able to move all the latch adjustment parts 14 simultaneously and/or synchronously with one another.

(28) Alternatively or additionally to such an adjustment ring 16, the latch adjustment parts 14 can be preloaded into an inactive position in which the latch adjustment parts 14 do not prevent the latch elements 12 from latching. This inactive position is shown in FIG. 5, with a spring device 17 or also another preloading device, for example in the form of a pressure store, being able to be provided for preloading the latch adjustment parts 14 into the inactive position. As FIG. 5 shows, spring elements can preload the latch adjustment parts 14 upwardly or toward the coupling part 5 at the rotator side.

(29) As FIG. 5 shows, the latch adjustment parts 14 can have a slanted surface 18 that comes to lie at or in the vicinity of the latch elements 12 in the coupled position of the two coupling portions 5 and 6. If the latch adjustment parts 14 in accordance with FIG. 5 are brought downwardly or moved into their unlatching position, the slanted surfaces 18 slide along the latch elements 12, with the slanted surfaces 18 converting the adjustment movement of the latch adjustment parts 14 into an adjustment movement of the latch elements 12. While the latch adjustment parts 14 can be moved in parallel with the coupling axis 11, the slanted surfaces 18 can press the latch elements 12 inwardly transversely thereto or can force them into their unlatched position.

(30) To be able to actuate the latch adjustment parts 14 against their preload into the inactive position, latch operating actuators 19 are provided at the rotator attachment part 8 that can, for example, be configured in the form of hydraulic cylinders. Other embodiments are, however, also possible such as in the form of an adjustment spindle and other drive principles are possible such as electrical drives.

(31) The latch operating actuators 19 advantageously have an adjustment movement axis approximately in parallel with the rotator axis of rotation 10. If the latch operating actuators 19 are configured as pressure medium cylinders, single-action adjustment cylinders can be used, for example, in which the adjustment piston can be preloaded in one directionpreferably into the inactive positionand the pressure medium actuation direction counteracts the preload. A single-action configuration of the pressure medium cylinders can reduce the number of required feed lines, with a double-action configuration also generally being possible, however.

(32) The latch operating actuators 19 are at least approximately spaced so far from the rotator axis of rotation 10 as the adjustment surface of the latch adjustment parts 14. The adjustment surface of the latch adjustment parts 14 can be formed by the aforesaid adjustment ring 16 whose diameter can substantially correspond to the diameter of the part circle on which the latch adjustment operating actuators 19 are arranged, cf. FIG. 5.

(33) Whereas the adjustment ring 16 co-rotates with the coupling portion 6 in accordance with the rotation of the rotary rotator part 9, the latch operating actuators 19 are rotationally fixedly fastened or supported at the rotator attachment part 9 so that the adjustment ring 16 can rotate beneath the latch operating actuators 19. An actuation of the latch adjustment parts 14 in any desired rotational positions can nevertheless be achieved since the adjustment ring 16 forms an engagement surface for the latch adjustment actuators 19 independently of the rotational position.

(34) The following quick hitch function can thus be achieved: Only the coupling portion 5 is moved into the coupling portion 6 at the tool side for the coupling, as a comparison of FIGS. 2-4 with FIG. 5 illustrates. On the inward movement, the latch elements 12 are automatically pressed radially inwardly in that they slide beyond the contour of the coupling part 6 at the tool side. If the two coupling portions 5 and 6 reach the position completely moved apart, the latch elements 12 can automatically move out into their latched position and can engage behind the coupling portion 6 at the tool side in order hereby to latch the two coupling portions 5 and 6 to one another.

(35) If the two coupling portions 5 and 6 should be unlatched, the latch operating actuators 19 at the latch articulation part 8 not co-rotating are moved out or are moved toward the adjustment ring 16 of the latch adjustment parts 14, whereby the latch adjustment parts 14 at the coupling portion 6 are traveled. The slanted surfaces 18 of the latch adjustment parts 14 in this respect slide along the latch elements 12 and press them into their unlatching position so that the coupling portion 5 at the rotator side can be pulled upwardly out of the coupling portion 6 in the further process.

(36) Numerous characteristics and advantages have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of structure and function. While the invention has been disclosed in several forms, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, additions, and deletions, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts, can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the following claims. Therefore, other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.