Crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials, in particular rotary impact crushers or jaw crushers, having a crusher unit (10), which has a movable first crusher body (11), in particular a rotor or a crusher jaw, wherein a second crusher body (14), in particular an impact rocker or a crusher jaw, is assigned to the first crusher body (11), wherein a crushing gap (15) is formed between the crusher bodies (11, 14), wherein a movable assembly of an overload triggering device (30) is coupled to the first or to the second crusher body (11, 14), wherein the movable assembly has a cylinder (25) of a hydraulic cylinder (20) or a piston (23) guided in the cylinder (20), wherein the movable assembly is designed to permit a motion of the coupled crusher body (11, 14) increasing the width of the crushing gap (15) in an evasive motion, wherein a pressure chamber (24) is formed in the hydraulic cylinder (20), which pressure chamber is delimited by a piston (23), and wherein the overload triggering device (30) has a valve (23.8), which, in its open position, establishes a fluid-conveying connection between the pressure chamber (24) and a compensation area (28) and, in the closed valve position, blocks this connection. In order to achieve an efficient protection of the crusher unit 10 against overload situations in such a crusher, provision is made for the valve (28.8) to be formed between two components of the movable assembly that are movable relative to each other.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. A crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials, comprising: a crusher unit including a first crusher body and a second crusher body, wherein a crushing gap is formed between the first crusher body and the second crusher body; a hydraulic cylinder including a cylinder and a piston guided in the cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder including a pressure chamber delimited by the piston; an overload triggering device coupled to one of the first and second crusher bodies to permit an evasive motion of the one of the first and second crusher bodies increasing a width of the crushing gap, the overload triggering device including a movable assembly and a valve; and wherein the valve is formed between two components of the movable assembly that are movable relative to each other to define an open position establishing a fluid-conveying connection between the pressure chamber and a compensation area, and to define a closed position blocking the fluid-conveying connection, one of the two components forming the valve being the cylinder or the piston.

15. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the movable assembly includes the piston, a piston rod coupled to the piston, and an inertia element coupled to the piston or the piston rod, wherein the two components of the movable assembly forming the valve include the piston and the inertia element.

16. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 15, further comprising: a spring biasing the inertia element toward the closed position of the valve.

17. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the movable assembly includes the cylinder and an inertia element coupled to the cylinder, wherein the two components of the movable assembly forming the valve include the cylinder and the inertia element.

18. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the movable assembly includes an inertia element coupled to the piston or the cylinder, wherein the inertia element is one of the two components forming the valve, and wherein the inertia element includes one or more guide sections configured to movably guide the inertia element within the cylinder between the open position and the closed position of the valve.

19. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the fluid-conveying connection between the pressure chamber and the compensation area is routed inside the cylinder.

20. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the movable assembly includes an inertia piston coupled to the piston or the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder, wherein the inertia piston is one of the two components forming the valve, and wherein the inertia piston is movably guided inside a receiving space of the cylinder.

21. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 20, wherein: the inertia piston includes a guide section mounted on a piston rod of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder so that the inertia piston is guided for movement in a longitudinal direction of the piston rod.

22. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the hydraulic cylinder includes a piston rod extending from the piston through the compensation area; and wherein the fluid-conducting connection between the pressure chamber and the compensation area includes a discharge channel formed in the piston.

23. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 22, wherein: the movable assembly includes an inertia element coupled to the piston or the cylinder, wherein the inertia element is one of the two components forming the valve; and the fluid-conducting connection between the pressure chamber and the compensation area further includes a fluid guide formed by the inertia element.

24. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the movable assembly includes an inertia piston coupled to the piston or the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder, wherein the inertia piston is one of the two components forming the valve, and wherein the inertia piston includes a sealing piece; the piston of the hydraulic cylinder includes a valve seat; and in the closed position of the valve the sealing piece is seated on the valve seat to block the communication between the pressure chamber and the compensation area.

25. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the movable assembly includes an inertia piston movable relative to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, a mounting bolt extending through the inertia piston and threadedly connected to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, the mounting bolt having a longitudinal axis parallel to a longitudinal axis of the cylinder, a spring element received about the mounting bolt and configured to bias the inertia piston toward the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, the inertia piston being movable from the closed position of the valve to the open position of the valve while increasing a preload of the spring.

26. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, wherein: the hydraulic cylinder further includes a piston rod extending from the piston; the piston includes a piston crown adjoined by a securing piece; the piston rod includes a mounting neck connected to the securing piece; and the fluid-conducting connection between the pressure chamber and the compensation area includes an overflow area formed between the piston rod and the securing piece.

27. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, further comprising: a tank; a pressure valve; a pressure line connecting the compensation area to the pressure valve; a hydraulic line connecting the pressure valve to the tank; wherein the pressure valve is configured to open after the valve of the overload triggering device has been triggered as a result of an overload situation at the crusher unit in order to discharge hydraulic fluid from the compensation area into the tank.

28. The crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials of claim 14, further comprising: a pressure generator; and wherein the pressure chamber is connected to the pressure generator via a hydraulic port so that hydraulic fluid can be fed into the pressure chamber in order to increase a volume of the pressure chamber.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The invention is explained in greater detail below based on an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings. In the figures,

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a perspective schematic diagram of a crusher unit of a rotary impact crusher with connected machine components of the crusher,

[0023] FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematic diagrams of the crusher unit according to FIG. 1 having an overload triggering device,

[0024] FIG. 4 shows an enlarged detail and a section of a hydraulic cylinder of an overload triggering device, and

[0025] FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the integration of the hydraulic cylinder of FIG. 4 into a hydraulic system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] FIG. 1 shows a crusher unit 10 of a rotary impact crusher. The crusher unit 10 comprises a crusher housing, in which a movable crusher body 11 is rotatably mounted. Accordingly, the movable crusher body 11 is designed as a rotor. The rotor bears impact bars 12 in the area of its outer circumference.

[0027] An upper impact rocker 13 is disposed inside the crusher housing. Furthermore, another crusher body 14 is also disposed in the crusher housing, which in this case forms a lower impact rocker.

[0028] A crushing gap 15 is formed between the rotor (movable crusher body 11) and the lower impact rocker (crusher body 14). When the rotor rotates, the radially outer ends of the impact bars 12 form an outer crushing circle. This crushing circle, in conjunction with a facing surface of the lower impact rocker, forms the crushing gap 15. A swivel bearing 14.1 is used to swivel mount the lower impact rocker 14. The width of the crushing gap 15 can be adjusted via the selected swivel position of the lower impact rocker.

[0029] As FIG. 1 further shows, a material feed 16 can be assigned to the crusher unit 10. This material feed 16 can be used to convey material 19.1 to be crushed into the crushing chamber. The conveying direction is symbolized by an arrow in FIG. 1. When the material 19.1 to be crushed enters the area of the rotor, the impact bars 12 fling it outwards. In this process, this material hits the upper impact rocker 13 and the lower impact rocker 14. The material to be crushed 19.1 breaks when it hits the impact bar or the two impact rockers.

[0030] This is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3 by way of example of the lower impact rocker. When the material to be crushed 19.1 hits the crusher body 14, crushed material 19.2 is produced, as shown in FIG. 2. As soon as this crushed material has a grain size smaller than the crushing gap 15, this crushed material 19.2 falls through the crushing gap 15. Then it enters a collection area 17 below the movable crusher body 11 (rotor). As FIG. 1 shows, a conveyor 18 is connected to the collection area 17. This conveyor 18 can be used to remove the crushed material 19.2.

[0031] As FIG. 2 further shows, a hydraulic cylinder 20 is used to support the crusher body 14 relative to the machine structure of the crusher. The support at the machine structure, for instance at the machine frame of the crusher, is not detailed in the drawings. However, FIG. 1 shows that the hydraulic cylinder 20 is installed in a protected manner mainly outside the crusher housing in which the rotor is mounted.

[0032] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the hydraulic cylinder 20 has a cylinder 25, in which a piston 23 is movably guided. The piston 23 bears a piston rod 22. The piston rod 22 is equipped with a coupling piece 21 at its end facing away from the piston 23, which coupling piece has a bearing part 21.1. This bearing part 21.1 is used to connect the coupling piece 21 to a bearing 14.2 of the crusher body 14. In this way, the hydraulic cylinder 20 is swivel mounted to the crusher body 14. The coupling point is at a distance from the swivel bearing 14.1.

[0033] As FIG. 2 shows, the piston 23 delimits a pressure chamber 24 in the cylinder 25. Hydraulic fluid, in particular hydraulic oil, is filled into the pressure chamber 24. The piston 23 is supported against this medium. In this way, the piston rod 22 and the crusher body 14 are held in the predetermined crushing position shown in FIG. 2.

[0034] Depending on the crushing task at hand, the operating position of the crushing gap 15 has to be adjusted accordingly. The crusher has a control device for this purpose. If, starting from the position shown in FIG. 2, the crushing gap 15 is to be widened, hydraulic fluid is drained from the pressure chamber 24. This causes the piston 23 to move further into the cylinder 25 until the desired crushing gap 15 has been set. On the other hand, if a narrower crushing gap 15 is desired, additional hydraulic fluid is added to the pressure chamber 24. This moves the piston 23 while enlarging the pressure chamber 24. The piston rod 22 continues to move out of the cylinder 25. This causes the crusher body 14 to swivel clockwise, resulting in a narrowing of the crushing gap 15.

[0035] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, an overload triggering device 30 is used.

[0036] The overload triggering device 30 includes a hydraulic cylinder 20 as shown in FIG. 4. The hydraulic cylinder 20 has a cylinder 25, in which a piston 23 is guided in a linearly movable manner. Inside the cylinder 25, the piston 23 subdivides one area into two. In particular, the pressure chamber 24 is formed at one end of the piston 23 and a compensation area 28 is formed at the opposite end of the piston 23.

[0037] The pressure chamber 24 is partially delimited by a connection piece 29, which has a hydraulic port 27. The hydraulic port 27 of the connector 29 may be integrally connected to the cylinder 25.

[0038] The pressure chamber 24 may further be delimited by a piston crown 23.1 of the piston 23, as FIG. 4 shows.

[0039] A simple design then results for the piston 23 when a securing piece 23.2 adjoins the piston crown 23.1. For instance, the securing piece 23.2 may be used to secure a piston rod 22, which is firmly connected to the piston 23. The piston rod 22 is guided through the compensation area 28 into the environment in a sealed manner.

[0040] FIG. 4 shows that for securing the piston rod 22, for instance, the piston rod 22 can be equipped with a mounting neck 22.1, which can be inserted into the securing piece 23.2. In this case, the piston rod 22 may be secured on its mounting neck 22.1 by means of a male thread, which is bolted into a female thread of the securing piece 23.2.

[0041] For the axial support of the piston rod 22 relative to the piston 23, provision may be made for the piston rod 22 and the piston 23, which is provided in addition or as an alternative to the threaded connection mentioned above, to be connected in a form-fitting manner. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a support section 22.2 of the piston rod 22 forms a form-fitting connection between the piston rod 22 and the piston 23. This support section 22.2 is in contact with a support shoulder of the piston 23 in the axial direction of the piston rod 22 in a form-fitting manner. For sealing purposes, a circumferential seal 23.4 can be provided in this area. The form-fitting connection can preferably be such that the piston 23 is supported relative to the piston rod 22 in the direction from the pressure chamber 24 toward the compensation area 28 in a form-fitting manner. As FIG. 4 shows, i.e., from left to right. In this way, high pressures occurring in the pressure chamber 24 can be transferred to the piston rod 22 via the piston 23 and the positive connection.

[0042] According to one conceivable embodiment, the piston 23 may have a sealing section 23.5, which, on its circumference facing away from the piston rod 22, is equipped with one or more piston seals 23.6, which seal the piston 23 circumferentially against the inner wall of the cylinder 25. In this regard the sealing section 23.5 is integrally secured at the end of the securing piece 23.2 facing away from the piston crown 23.1.

[0043] FIG. 4 further shows that an inertia element 40 can be disposed in the interior of the cylinder 25, preferably in the compensation area 28. The inertia element 40 forms part of a valve 23.8. In this regard the inertia element 40 may have a circumferential sealing piece 41. A valve seat 23.9, which is also circumferential, can abut this circumferential sealing piece 41 to establish a closed position of the valve 23.8. Preferably, the piston 23 may form the circumferential valve seat 23.9, as shown in FIG. 4. Particularly preferably, the securing piece 23.2 of the piston 23 can form the circumferential valve seat 23.9.

[0044] As FIG. 4 further illustrates, the inertia element 40 may preferably be formed as an inertia piston. In this regard the inertia piston may be moved inside the cylinder so as to be movable to a limited extent in the axial direction of the piston rod 22. For guiding the inertia piston, provision may be made for the latter to be linearly movably guided by a guide section 48 on the outer contour of the piston rod 22. Particularly preferably, the guide section 48 forms an inner cylinder, which is guided on a cylindrical outer contour of the piston rod 22, which in this way forms a guide section 22.3.

[0045] Additionally or alternatively, provision may also be made for the inertia piston to have a cylindrical outer contour forming a guide section 47. This guide section 47 can be used to guide the inertia piston on the cylindrical inner contour of the cylinder

[0046] FIG. 4 further illustrates that the inertia element 40, preferably the inertia piston is disposed to be movable relative to the piston 23, wherein this movement may be against the preload of a spring element 43. In this regard the spring element 43 may preload the inertia element 40 against the piston 23 in the closed position of the valve 23.8. In particular, this preload is transmitted in such a way that, in the closed position, the sealing piece 41 is pressed onto the valve seat 23.9 and held there in a preloaded manner.

[0047] FIG. 4 shows that to achieve the functionality described above, for instance, the inertia element 40 has a bolt mount 42, through which a mounting bolt 44 is passed and bolted into a threaded seat of the piston 23. In this regard, the inertia element 40 may have a spring mount collinear with the bolt mount 42, into which the spring element 43, designed as a coil spring, is inserted. The mounting bolt 44 can be designed such that its bolt shank passes through the space surrounded by the spring element 43, wherein the spring element 43 is supported on the bolt head of the mounting bolt 44 on the one hand and on the bottom of the spring mount on the other hand to apply the preload.

[0048] The inertia element 40 can be moved against the preload of the spring element 43 in the axial direction of the piston rod 22 to lift the sealing piece 41 off the circumferential valve seat 23.9 and to move the valve 23.8 to the open position.

[0049] Preferably, a plurality of mounting bolts 44 having spring elements 43 may be provided for mounting the inertia element 40 to the piston 23, wherein these mounting bolts 44 or the spring elements 43 are disposed uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inertia element 40.

[0050] FIG. 4 illustrates that the piston 23 has at least one discharge channel 23.10, which forms a spatial connection between the pressure chamber 24 and an overflow area 23.3. Preferably, the overflow area 23.3 is located between the part of the pressure chamber 24 delimited by the piston crown 23.1 and the compensation area 28, as shown in FIG. 4. It is particularly preferred that the overflow area 23.3 is delimited between the outer contour of the piston rod 22 and an inner contour of the piston 23, preferably the inner contour of the securing piece 23.2.

[0051] FIG. 4 further illustrates that the inertia element 40, preferably the inertia piston, comprises at least one return 45 disposed to provide a spatial connection between the overflow area 23.3 and the compensation area 28 when the valve 23.8 is open.

[0052] In the assembled state, the cylinder 25 is preferably mounted in such a way that it is held fixed in the axial direction of the piston rod 22. It is conceivable, however, that the cylinder 25 is swivel mounted.

[0053] The piston rod 22, the inertia element 40, in particular the inertia piston, and the piston 23 form a movable assembly. As explained above, the coupling piece 21 can be used to couple this movable assembly to the crusher body 14, for instance an impact rocker or crushing jaw.

[0054] The operating principle of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is explained in more detail below. To adjust the crushing gap 15 between the two crusher bodies 11 and 14, the hydraulic fluid held in the pressure chamber 24 is pressurized until the desired crushing gap width is set. At the same time, the hydraulic fluid held in the compensation area 28, which is also pressurized, is drained until the desired crushing gap width is reached and the piston 23 has assumed a corresponding position.

[0055] Once the crushing gap 15 is set, the crusher can operate in normal mode and crush the supplied material to be crushed 19.1 to obtain the desired crushed material 19.2.

[0056] If an overload occurs, for instance because a non-crushable object 19.3 or an object that is difficult to crush enters the work area between the two crusher bodies 11,14, a high force is suddenly applied to the crusher body 14. As a result of this force, the crusher body 14 gives way, for instance it swivels around the axis of the swivel bearing 14.1.

[0057] The movable assembly transfers this motion to the hydraulic cylinder 30. In this example, the piston rod 22 transfers this motion to the piston 23. In the process, the hydraulic medium is compressed in the pressure chamber 24.

[0058] Because the piston rod 23 is now accelerated as a result of this motion, a relative motion occurs between the piston 23 and the inertia element 40 due to the inertia force acting on the inertia element 40. This relative motion causes the preload of the spring element(s) 43 to increase and the valve 23.8 to open. In detail, the sealing piece 41 is then lifted off the valve seat 23.9.

[0059] In this way, a fluid-conducting connection is established from the pressure chamber 24 via the discharge channel 23.10 and the overflow area 23.3 and the fluid guide 45 of the inertia element 40 to the compensation area 28. Accordingly, the pressure in the pressure chamber 24 can abruptly drop toward the compensation area 28 via this fluid conducting connection. As a result, the crushing gap 15 opens rapidly, as the piston rod 22 can now move further towards the pressure chamber 24 using little force. Now the unbreakable object 13.3 can fall through the crushing gap

[0060] After the overload situation has ended, the desired width of the crushing gap 15 can be reset as described above.

[0061] According to the invention, the valve 23.8 is now controlled by the motion of the movable assembly, for instance, as in this case, by the motion of the piston rod 22, which results in a relative motion of the piston with respect to the inertia element 40.

[0062] After the overload situation has ended, the spring element(s) 43 move the inertia element 40 and the piston 23 together again to effect the closed position of the valve 23.8.

[0063] FIG. 5 illustrates that the compensation area 28 is connected to a pressure valve 32 via a pressure line 31. A hydraulic line 33 leads from the pressure valve 32 and opens into a tank 34.

[0064] The pressure valve 32 is designed in such a way that during normal operation it safeguards the pressure in the compensation area 28 and additionally discharges the quantity of oil that can no longer be held during overload to the tank.

[0065] If the piston 23 is now moved in the event of an overload and the fluid is forced from the pressure chamber 24 into the compensation area 28, the pressure valve 32 can be used to discharge excess hydraulic medium from the compensation area 28 through the pressure valve 32. Specifically, this involves an increase in pressure in the compensation area 28, which causes the pressure valve 32 to open and the hydraulic medium to be discharged into the tank 34.

[0066] FIG. 5 also illustrates that the pressure chamber 24 may be connected to a pressure generator 27.2 via its hydraulic connection. The pressure generator 27.2 can be used to pump hydraulic fluid from a reservoir 27.3 into the pressure chamber 24 to adjust the crushing gap 15. Furthermore, a pressure valve 27.1 can be disposed upstream of the hydraulic connection 27 and downstream of the pressure generator 27.2 to safeguard the pressure in the pressure chamber 24.

[0067] As the above discussion illustrates, the invention relates to a crusher for mineral materials or recycled materials, in particular a rotary impact crusher or a jaw crusher, comprising a crusher unit 10. The crusher unit 10 has a movable first crusher body 11, in particular a rotor or a crushing jaw, and a second crusher body 14, in particular an impact rocker or a crushing jaw, is assigned to the first crusher body 11. The crushing gap 15 is formed between the crusher bodies 11, 14, wherein the movable assembly of the overload triggering device 30 is coupled to the second crusher body 14. The movable assembly comprises the cylinder 25 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 or, as in the exemplary embodiment shown, a piston 23 guided in the cylinder 25, wherein the movable assembly is designed to permit, in an evasive motion, a motion of the coupled crusher body 14, which increases the width of the crushing gap 15. The overload triggering device 30 comprises the valve 23.8, which in its open position establishes a fluid-conducting connection between the pressure chamber 24 and the compensation area 28 and in the closed valve position blocks this connection. According to the invention, the valve 28.8 is formed between two relatively movable components of the movable assembly, in this case between the inertia element 40 and the piston 23.