Hydraulic Drive for Accelerating and Braking Components That Are To Be Moved Dynamically

Abstract

In order to provide a more reliable configuration for a hydraulic drive for accelerating and braking in particular a gas exchange valve (20) of internal combustion engines or other reciprocating engines, in particular if the occurring maximum travel of the moving mass can deviate considerably from an expected setpoint position, it is proposed that the drive piston (23) has at least one control edge (31) corresponding to an inflow opening (33), which, when a defined travel h.sub.ab has been attained, prevents the inflow of drive pressure p.sub.1 into the drive chamber (27) and/or prevents the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber (29) to the basic pressure level (40), wherein the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign when said travel h.sub.ab is attained.

Claims

1. A hydraulic drive for accelerating and braking dynamically moving components, in particular valves in gas exchange controls of internal combustion engines and other reciprocating engines, wherein the hydraulic drive comprises the following: at least one component to be driven, in particular a valve, preferably a gas exchange valve or a plurality of gas exchange valves which can be actuated jointly via a valve bridge, of an internal combustion engine or other reciprocating engine; a single-acting or double-acting working cylinder comprising a drive piston which engages at the component or at the gas exchange valve comprising an openingly acting pressure acting surface of a driving chamber and, in the case of the double-acting cylinder, additionally comprising a closingly acting pressure acting surface of a brake chamber at least one drive pressure reservoir providing a pressure p.sub.1 of a hydraulic pressure medium, at least one restoring energy accumulator with a biasing force F.sub.Fv, preferably configured as a spring, which engages at the component or at the gas exchange valve, respectively, at least one hydraulic base pressure reservoir which has a lower pressure p.sub.0 than that of the first pressure reservoir, at least one inflow control valve for establishing a connection between the drive pressure reservoir and the drive chamber order to open the gas exchange valve, and at least one drain control valve for establishing a connection between the driving chamber and the base pressure reservoir, characterized in that the drive piston comprises at least one control edge corresponding to an inflow opening which, when a certain stroke h.sub.ab has been attained, prevents an inflow of drive pressure p.sub.1 into the drive chamber and/or prevents a low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the braking chamber to the basic pressure level, wherein the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes negligible or changes its sign when said stroke h.sub.ab is attained.

2. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive side andif presentthe brake side of the cylinder are connected to the drive pressure reservoir via at least one respective check valve, wherein the check valves open in the direction towards said reservoir but block in the direction towards the cylinder chambers.

3. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive side is connected to the base pressure reservoir via at least one check valve, wherein the check valves open in the direction towards the driving chamber block in the direction towards the reservoir.

4. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake sideif presentis connected to the base pressure reservoir via at least one check valve, wherein the check valve opens in the direction towards the brake chamber and blocks in the direction towards the reservoir.

5. The hydraulic drive according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston control edge is configured obliquely and the inflow chamber in the cylinder is configured, preferably with at least one round bore, in such manner that a twisting between the piston and working cylinder, preferably a twisting of the piston relative to a fixed stationary working cylinder, changes the cutting path h.sub.ab.

6. The hydraulic drive according to claim 4, characterized by a rotatable sleeve with a sloping edge which is configured in such manner that twisting the sleeve changes the cutting path h.sub.ab.

7. The hydraulic drive according to claim 4, characterized by an axially displaceable sleeve which is designed in such a manner that displacing the sleeve changes the cutting path h.sub.ab.

8. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain control valve is configured as a 2/2-way valve with two additional intermediate positions which are traversed in a time-controlled manner when switching to the open discharge position, wherein the first intermediate position is an open one which initiates the closing movement of the gas exchange valve, and wherein the second intermediate position is a closed one, which when being reached leads to a pressure build-up in the working cylinder for a certain time as a result of the kinetic energy of the moving mass, which allows pressure medium to be pushed back into the drive pressure reservoir.

9. The hydraulic drive according to claim 8, characterized in that timing of the drain control valve is achieved by a movement of the drain control valvewhich is preferably driven by a springcausing the pressure medium to flow across a pressure acting surface of the valve through a throttle so that the intermediate positions of the valve are traversed slowly and/or with a time delay and that bypassing of the throttle by a check valve can be provided in the other actuation direction.

10. A method for operating a hydraulic drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke h.sub.ab has been attained, the inflow of drive pressure p.sub.1 into the driving chamber is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or becomes negative.

11. The method for operating a hydraulic drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke h.sub.ab has been attained/upon attaining a defined travel h.sub.ab h.sub.ab, the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber to the basic pressure level is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign.

12. A method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 2, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the inflow of drive pressure p1 into the driving chamber is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or becomes negative.

13. A method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 3, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the inflow of drive pressure p1 into the driving chamber is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or becomes negative.

14. A method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 4, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the inflow of drive pressure p1 into the driving chamber is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or becomes negative.

15. A method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 8, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the inflow of drive pressure p1 into the driving chamber is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or becomes negative.

16. A method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 9, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the inflow of drive pressure p1 into the driving chamber is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or becomes negative.

17. The method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 2, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber to the basic pressure level is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign.

18. The method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 3, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber to the basic pressure level is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign.

19. The method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 4, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber to the basic pressure level is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign.

20. The method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 8, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber to the basic pressure level is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign.

21. The method for operating a hydraulic drive according to claim 9, characterized in that when a defined travel stroke has been attained, the low-loss outflow of pressure medium from the brake chamber to the basic pressure level is prevented and the remaining hydraulic drive force vanishes, becomes small or changes its sign.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Further details, advantages, and features of the object of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the corresponding drawings, in which devices according to the present invention are illustrated by way of example. In these drawings there is shown:

[0022] FIG. 1 a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention for stroke limitation by means of inflow cutting with fixed stroke;

[0023] FIG. 2 a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention for stroke adjustment by means of inflow cutting with adjustable stroke and a combined control valve;

[0024] FIG. 3 a valve assembly for a third exemplary embodiment comprising a double-acting cylinder and outflow cutting in the brake chamber;

[0025] FIG. 4 timing diagrams;

[0026] FIG. 5 force-displacement diagrams;

[0027] FIG. 6 measured stroke profile of a gas exchange drive similar to exemplary embodiment 2;

[0028] FIG. 7 a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention for stroke adjustment by means of inflow cutting with adjustable stroke by twisting a bush and non-rotatable drive piston.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0029] In a first exemplary embodiment of the present inventionas shown in FIG. 1a gas exchange valve 20 for an engine is operated both for opening and also for closing by means of a hydraulic drive comprising a working cylinder 22 and a drive piston 23 as well as a spring 25 acting against the force movement of the drive piston. For better understanding, the hydraulic drive can be divided into a core part, including one or more gas exchange valves 11 and into a supply unit. In the supply unit, not shown here, the provision of pressure for the proposed pressure reservoirs (40, 41) occurs in an inherently known manner, preferably with controllable pumps, which allow the transported flow to be adapted to the volume flow and pressure requirement. The pressure is regulated with the usual means of hydraulics and, for example, also by means of pressure sensors and electronics. The control electronics also takes over the electrical control of the electrically switchable control valves 46, 76. For the sake of simplicity, the electronics and connecting lines are also not shown.

[0030] In this exemplary embodiment, the control valves 46 and 76 are configured as directly controlled, magnet-operated way valves. In the exemplary embodiment, a slightly raised base pressure p.sub.0 was chosen compared to the tank pressure p.sub.T, in order to keep the system largely free of gas bubbles that could impair the function. In this example, leakage accumulating in the spring space 93 are fed via a leak collecting line 94 to a central tank with pressure pr. Provided that the valve shaft seal 17 is sufficient for this purpose, the leakage line can also be connected to the slightly higher basic pressure level p.sub.0. Likewise, an embodiment of the base pressure reservoir 40 as a normal, ambient-ventilated tank is also possible in principle. In all cases where the two pressures are equal, there is, under certain conditions, no pressing force of the drive piston to the shaft end of the gas exchange valve. In such cases, the drive piston and valve shaft would be provided with a mechanical cooling, or the drive piston would be equipped with a weak pressing spring that presses the drive piston against the end of the valve stem. In this way, there is an inherent valve lash compensation.

[0031] The phases of the movement sequence, the occurring pressure p.sub.AK in the driving chamber and the associated valve and control edge openings are shown in FIG. 4. In the resting statephase 0, gas exchange valve closedthe inflow control valve 46 is closed (position 1a) and the drain control valve 76 is opened (position 2a), whereby the driving chamber of the single-acting working cylinder 22, in which the drive piston 23 with pressure acting surface 24 of the area content A is movably arranged, is connected to the base pressure reservoir 40 at the pressure level p.sub.0. The biasing force F.sub.Fv of the spring 25 in the resting state (drive or gas exchange valve stroke h=0) is selected such thatagainst the opening force from the product p.sub.0A, but also against other opening forces e.g. on the plate 21 of the gas exchange valve 20 engaging from underpressure in the engine cylinder 15, or overpressure in the gas exchange channel 16the gas exchange valve remains securely in the closed rest position or can reliably move back to there, even with expected frictional forces, such as e.g. from valve shaft seal 17 or valve guide 19. It should be noted here that the mentioned engaging forces vary depending on the operating point and application type of the internal combustion engine or reciprocating engine, inlet or outlet valve, and they can also change their direction. A short time before the planned opening of the gas exchange valve 20, the relief drain control valve 76 is closed (position 2d). For opening (phase I), the inflow control valve 46 is then opened (position 1b). As a consequence, the pressure p.sub.1 from the drive pressure reservoir 41 is applied to the pressure acting surface 24 of the drive piston 23. The flow path from the inflow control valve into the driving chamber is implemented by the connection which is open in this position via channel 32, piston ring chamber 34 and overflow channel 35.

[0032] Provided that no other forces act on the gas exchange valve 20 than the biasing force F.sub.Fv of the spring 25 and the hydraulic force on the drive surface, the gas exchange valve will open when the pressure force applied in the driving chamber 27 exceeds the biasing force F.sub.Fv of the spring 25. It is clear that the actual force at which opening takes place may vary according to the additional forces mentioned. In particular, if high counteracting forces are expected, for example by acting on the valve plate surface 21 from the side of the motor cylinder 15, the pressure p.sub.1 will be set high enough to ensure reliable opening.

[0033] In the exemplary embodiment, the spring 25 which is used as an energy accumulator, is configured with a high spring constant c, so that a rapid movement of the mass is achieved. The time for full opening corresponds approximately to the half period T.sub.1/2 of an oscillation of the mass-spring oscillator, which is formed by the spring constant c and the effective mass m, namely by the mass of the gas exchange valve 20, spring plate including fastening means 26, drive piston 22, and optionally valve bridge, a mass portion of spring 25 and of the co-swinging pressure medium 30:

T.sub.1/2=.Math.square root(m/c)(equation 1).

[0034] In EP 17172231.7 it was derived that for an asymmetric hydraulic pendulum system, in which calculations are made without additional forces, the occurring maximum stroke of the gas exchange valve is given by the equation:

h.sub.max(p.sub.1)=2.Math.(p.sub.1.Math.AF.sub.Fv)/c(equation 2)

[0035] From this equation it can be seen that in this case the maximum stroke increases proportionally to the drive pressure p.sub.1.

[0036] If, in order to overcome difficult conditions during opening, the pressure p.sub.1 in such a system has to be set to a comparatively very high value, in particular higher than would be required to achieve the maximum desired or permissible stroke, it is immediately apparent that the maximum gas exchange stroke can become very large and lead to damage, especially if the high counterforce breaks down during the movement of the gas exchange valve and or if it unexpectedly does not occur at all. Both are typical situations as they can occur on the outlet valves of internal combustion engines: the considerable pressure from the engine cylinder acting on the valve plate surface 21 is typically 5-10 bar and then often drops sharply after a short time, so that a considerable excess of acceleration force is suddenly available at the drive piston, or the expected cylinder pressure does not occur at all due to a combustion misfire and the acceleration occurs already from the start with the extra high pressure p.sub.1 being set.

[0037] Hydraulic drive systems, which are not referred to as pendulum systems in the sense of the present document, are typically characterized by a lower spring constant c. Since this would result in very large strokes, the pressure in such systems is not primarily used to set the stroke, but the acceleration process is typically ended by closing the inflow control valve to the drive chamber. However, the problem with the influence of the gas forces exists in the same way with these systems.

[0038] The accelerated gas exchange valve or the accelerated mass now continues to move until a control edge 31 cuts the hydraulic connection 32, 35 between the inflow control valve 46 and the drive chamber 27 of the working cylinder 22. In the example, this is implemented in such a manner that the inflow enters the working cylinder through a channel 32, preferably a bore, with an opening 33, where the working piston has an annular space 34, which is bounded on one side by the control edge 31. A channel 35 leads therefrom into the drive chamber 27. The hydraulic connection is cut when the control edge closes the opening 33 at h=h.sub.ab.

[0039] The working piston thus assumes the function of a third control valve. Due to the fact that this is stroke-controlled by the gas exchange valve, the control intervention takes place more or less passively or automatically. This is therefore a very safe stroke limitation method compared to hydraulic controls, which require active control intervention at this point.

[0040] It is, of course, also possible not to attach the control edge directly to the piston, but to configure the shaft of the gas exchange valve accordingly. It would also be possible to configure the function of the third control valve in a separate valve, which is stroke-controlled by the moving components.

[0041] After the control edge 31 has closed the opening 33, the gas exchange valve continues to move due to its kinetic energy. Since the inflow from the drive pressure reservoir to the driving chamber of the cylinder is now cut, the pressure medium can now flow in from the basic pressure reservoir via the check valve 67.

[0042] Due to the restoring force of the spring 25, which continues to increase with the stroke, and due to the considerably reduced drive force caused by the inflow cutting, the gas exchange valve continues to move until the kinetic energy is completely transferred to the spring energy store.

[0043] When the gas exchange valve has completed its opening movement, the check valve 67 closes automatically. Particularly in case of a large pressure p.sub.1 it may happen that the spring is tensioned to such an extent that in this stroke position it is able to generate a pressure p.sub.AK with the working piston surface 24 of size A in the driving chamber 27 that is greater than the pressure level p.sub.1 in the working pressure reservoir. In this case, also shown in FIG. 4, the spring with the drive piston pushes the pressure medium through the check valve 47 back into the working accumulator until pressure equilibrium prevails. The associated reduction in stroke is usually easily coped with in the gas exchange of internal combustion engines. For example, a large initial stroke is advantageous, in particular, for the outlet valve, while the later stroke profile is less important. In addition, the stroke reduction is accompanied by energy recovery, because the pushed back pressure medium can be used again later. The gas exchange valve then remains in the swung back position. However, the stroke reduction described does not always take place. Conditions can also occur in which the spring does not have the power to push pressure medium into the working pressure reservoir. This can be the case, for example, if the pressure p1 has been set to a comparatively high value for the purpose of opening the gas exchange valve. In any case, the working piston and thus the gas exchange valve remain in the position reached (phase III) until the closing process IV is initiated by resetting the valve 76.

[0044] Valve 76 has the peculiarity that it switches back at an approximately constant speed. This is achieved in that the spring 73 has to push pressure medium through the throttle 72 via the control surface 71, whereas in the other actuation direction a bypass of the throttle can be provided by a check valve 74. A spring is ideal for this process due to its consistency. An alternative embodiment variant would be, for example, an accordingly configured rotary slide valve. As shown in EP 17172231.7, the reset time is adjusted to approximately half the period T.sub.1/2 of the spring-mass system, here in particular until position 2b is reached. In contrast to EP 17172231.7, pressure medium is first released from the driving chamber (position 2c) in order to bring the gas exchange valve into closing acceleration at all.

[0045] As explained above, the spring has a maximum pressure p.sub.1 in the working chamber during the holding phase. Since it would continue to lose power during further closing due to its spring characteristics, it is therefore not able to push out any more pressure medium by itself. By means of the intermediate position 2c, the gas exchange valve is thus able to first build up kinetic energy, which it can then release again at the higher-pressure level p.sub.1 after the end of the pendulum process. For this purpose, the throttle of the drain valve slide is dimensioned in such manner that the drain control valve reaches its closed position 2b after approximately half the period of this oscillation. As a result of the associated braking of the gas exchange valve, a pressure builds up in the driving chamber 27, which, as long as it is greater than p.sub.1, is pushed back via check valve 47 into the drive pressure reservoir. The drain control valve then moves further into its resting position, the open position 2a, in order to initiate the complete closing of the gas exchange valve.

[0046] FIG. 4 shows how the valve positions are advantageously coordinated with the movement of the gas exchange valve and the pressure in the drive working chamber. The soft braking of the gas exchange valve before it hits the valve seat 18, as shown in FIG. 4, is explained below with reference to the second exemplary embodiment. It should also be mentioned here that for the first exemplary embodiment the inflow control valve 46 can also be closed much earlier than shown in FIG. 4 because the inflow and the drain control valve are not coupled here. In principle, the earliest closing time can already occur after the cutting stroke h.sub.ab has been traversed by the drive piston or gas exchange valve. The lack of need for a precise closing timing of the inflow control valve 46 allows it to be of simple construction, and the expense of electronic actuation is substantially reduced. The inflow control valve 46 may also switch comparatively slowly, which means that in many cases costly construction using, for example, eddy current inhibiting special solenoid materials can be dispensed with.

[0047] The second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the first one, on the one hand, essentially only by the adjustability of the cutting stroke h.sub.ab by means of twisting of the drive piston 23 and, on the other hand, by a mechanical coupling of valves 46 and 76 to form a combined valve 86, by means of which it is possible to operate with only one electrical actuator 88. The coupling can be implemented similarly as described in EP 17172231.7.

[0048] The cutting stroke h.sub.ab is adjusted here by means of a sloping control edge 37 on the drive piston against a substantially point-shaped opening 33 of the inflow channel 32, preferably a bore, and can thus be varied via the angle of rotation cp. The overflow channel 35 has been relocated into the piston.

[0049] It should be mentioned that the corresponding edges of the piston and working cylinder may also be interchanged, so that the sloping edge in the cylinder and the preferably round counter surface is arranged in the piston. FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the drive piston is not rotatable, but the sleeve in which the drive piston runs, is rotatably configured. In this exemplary embodiment, the sloping edge is arranged on the drive piston, and the preferably round counter surface is arranged in the running sleeve. It is clear to a person skilled in the art that the corresponding edges of the drive piston and running sleeve may also be interchanged. A particularly clear solution that does not require a sloping edge can also be achieved by means of an axially displaceable sleeve in which the piston runs. The drive piston is equipped with longitudinal grooves 95 in which an axially non-movable gearwheel 97 engages with lugs 96, which can be adjusted, for example, by a self-arresting drive worm 98. In this way, the drive piston 23 may be twisted without being influenced in its longitudinal movement. The stroke adjustment can be used very well to reduce the energy requirement of the hydraulic drive, since small gas exchange valve strokes are sufficient for low-loss gas exchange on the combustion engine at low speeds. The hydraulic energy requirement usually decreases proportionally or disproportionately with the gas exchange valve stroke, because at least the necessary amount of pressure medium decreases with the stroke.

[0050] For reasons of noise and wear, a particularly gentle touchdown of the gas exchange valves onto the valve seats is often desirable. For this purpose, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 is equipped with a path-controlled braking device which, as can be seen in FIG. 4, generates a short peak of the pressure p.sub.AK in the driving chamber 27. This is achievedsimilar to EP 17172231.7, in that the drive piston closes the channel 62 as it approaches its rest position and the pressure medium thus being pressed through the channel 63 through the throttle 64. If p.sub.AK thereby assumes a value higher than p.sub.1, the pressure medium is also pushed back through the check valve into the drive pressure reservoir 41.

[0051] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the braking side of a double-acting working cylinder 50 is used for stroke limitation. Here, the working cylinder has a brake chamber 29 in addition to the drive chamber 27. In this exemplary embodiment, instead of cutting the drive chamber 27 from the drive pressure inflow, the brake chamber 29 is cut off from the outflow into the base pressure reservoir 40 and a brake force opposing the motion is generated. Thus, as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but in a different way, the net drive force is markedly reduced from a cut-off stroke h.sub.ab. Of course, it would also be possible to use both methods in parallel. If the brake pressure exceeds the pressure level p.sub.1 of the working pressure reservoir 41, pressure medium is pushed back into the working pressure reservoir via the check valve 58.

[0052] Induction of the movement of the gas exchange valve 20 is initially carried out in a known manner. The brake chamber 29 is connected to the base pressure reservoir 40 via a connecting channel 52 and an inflow channel 54. During the movement, pressure medium is pushed out through the connecting channel 52 to the base pressure reservoir. This continues until the outflow control edge 51 closes the opening 53 of the connecting channel in the cylinder wall.

[0053] Thereby a brake pressure is built up in the brake chamber. If the kinetic energy of the moving components is sufficient, the brake pressure exceeds the pressure p.sub.1 and pressure medium is fed back into the drive pressure reservoir 41 via the refeed channel 56 and check valve 58. The brake energy can be reused in this way. If this braking is not sufficient and if the outflow control edge 51 also closes the opening 57 of the refeed channel 56 in the cylinder wall at h.sub.abbr, then an even higher braking pressure builds up in the brake chamber. This high brake energy can be reduced, for example, via an additional throttle 59 upstream of the check valve 58, so that some of the energy can still flow into the drive pressure reservoir 41. The braking effect is always supported by the restoring effect of the spring 25. It should be mentioned that if the spring is weak, the closingly acting surface 28 of the drive piston may also be configured larger than the openingly acting surface 24 in order to achieve a greater brake effect. If the drive piston has been braked, it is held, in this exemplary embodiment, in position by a check valve 58 in the inflow line. The closing process is initiated by pressure reduction in the driving chamber 27 and may be controlled by valve 76 as described in FIG. 1. To prevent developing of a vacuum in the brake chamber 29 at the beginning of the closing process, the check valve 55 is provided in the inflow channel 54.

[0054] FIG. 5 shows how the process according to the invention works and how it copes with disturbing forces by means of idealized friction-free force-displacement diagrams. Shown in each case are the hydraulic drive force p-A, the stroke-dependent spring force F.sub.F and, as areas, the associated hydraulic work W.sub.h and the spring force W.sub.F. Diagram F1 represents an asymmetric pendulum system, in whichrelated to the drive pressure p.sub.1the maximum stroke h.sub.max(p.sub.1) is adjusted to twice the stroke compared to the theoretical equilibrium point with stroke h.sub.stat (as applied in EP 17172231.7). F2 shows by way of example the application of the inflow cutting method according to the present invention, with which the amount of supplied energy is limited. Even with increased pressure p.sub.1*>p.sub.1 the amount of supplied hydraulic energy may be set the same as in F1 by adjusting the cutting stroke h.sub.ab so that the same maximum stroke (and thus the same energy W.sub.F of the spring energy accumulator) can be achieved as shown in F3. In diagrams F4, F5 and F6, a disturbance force F.sub.V of a gas exchange valve or the associated loss work surface W.sub.V, which counteract the direction of valve movement are added, which have an inherently negative magnitude. In the case of p.sub.1.Math.A in diagram F4, the valve does not switch at all since the hydraulic force does not reach the required opening force; p.sub.1*.Math.A works thanks to inflow cutting. Only the stroke becomes a little smaller according to the loss of work surface W.sub.V. Without cutting, however, the gas exchange valve would overshoot by far.

[0055] FIG. 6 shows the measured valve stroke profile of a drive implemented according to the exemplary embodiment 2 on a fired internal combustion engine. The figure shows that the opening time and the closing time (until the kinetic energy has been consumed) represent the same time constant T.sub.1/2. The hump approximately in the middle of the closing process represents the end of the closing oscillation process, which is accompanied by the energy gain from the kinetic energy. The recognizable oscillations, particularly after the opening process, are superimposed onto the regular process shown in FIG. 4. They are of little importance for the overall function. A general moving backwards of the gas exchange valve directly after opening, before a stable stroke is assumed, is less pronounced at a small stroke, as shown in FIG. 4. On the last tenths of a millimeter before the touchdown point, the onset of the soft touchdown brake can be recognized.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0056] 11 core part of the drive including one or more gas exchange valves [0057] 15 engine cylinder [0058] 16 gas exchange channel [0059] 17 valve shaft seal [0060] 18 valve seat [0061] 19 valve guide [0062] 20 gas exchange valve [0063] 21 plate of the gas exchange valve [0064] 22 working cylinder [0065] 23 drive piston [0066] 24 openingly acting pressure acting surface of the drive piston [0067] 25 spring [0068] 26 spring plate including fastening means [0069] 27 driving chamber [0070] 28 closingly acting pressure acting surface of the drive piston [0071] 29 brake chamber [0072] 30 pressure medium [0073] 31 inflow control edge of the drive piston [0074] 32 inflow channel [0075] 33 control edge of the inflow channel in the cylinder wall [0076] 34 overflow space in the piston [0077] 35 overflow space in the working cylinder or in the drive piston [0078] 37 slant inflow control edge of the drive piston [0079] 40 base pressure reservoir with pressure level p.sub.0 [0080] 41 drive pressure reservoir with pressure level p.sub.1 [0081] 46 inflow control valve [0082] 47 refeed-back check valve of the working chamber 27 of the working cylinder [0083] 50 double-acting working cylinder [0084] 51 outflow control edge of the drive piston [0085] 52 connecting channel to base pressure level [0086] 53 opening of connecting channel in cylinder wall [0087] 54 inflow channel of base pressure level [0088] 55 check valve in the inflow channel from the base pressure level [0089] 56 refeed channel to the drive pressure reservoir [0090] 57 opening of the refeed channel in the cylinder wall [0091] 58 refeed check valve of brake chamber 29 of working cylinder [0092] 59 throttle [0093] 62 first inlet and outlet channel [0094] 63 second inlet and outlet channel [0095] 64 soft-charging throttle [0096] 67 check valve between drive chamber and base pressure reservoir [0097] 71 pressure acting area of drain control valve 76 [0098] 72 throttle of the drain control valve 76 [0099] 73 spring for returning drain control valve 76 [0100] 74 check valve of drain control valve 76 [0101] 76 drain control valve [0102] 86 combined valve [0103] 88 common actuator [0104] 93 spring space [0105] 94 leak collection line [0106] 95 longitudinal groove [0107] 96 gearwheel noses [0108] 97 gearwheel [0109] 98 drive worm [0110] 99 rotatable sleeve with gear [0111] A area content of the pressure acting surface 24 of the drive piston 23 [0112] p.sub.0 pressure of base pressure reservoir 40 [0113] p.sub.1 pressure of drive pressure reservoir 41 [0114] p.sub.T tank pressureall pressures shall be understood relative to ambient pressure [0115] p.sub.AK pressure in the drive chamber [0116] h stroke of gas exchange valve 20 or of drive piston 23, respectively [0117] h.sub.ab cutting stroke [0118] h.sub.abbr brake stroke [0119] h.sub.max maximum opening stroke [0120] h.sub.stat theoretical static opening stroke [0121] m effective mass of moved component [0122] =sum of the masses of: gas exchange valve comprising spring plate and, optionally, valve bridge etc., mass of drive piston 23, mass fraction of spring 25. [0123] mass fraction of entrained pressure medium 30, further entrained parts such as valve bridge, etc. [0124] F.sub.F spring force of spring 25, dependent on spring compression [0125] F.sub.Fv pretensioning force of spring 25 in the closed position of the gas exchange valve, h=0 [0126] F.sub.V force at gas exchange valve [0127] W.sub.F spring work [0128] W.sub.h hydraulic work [0129] W.sub.V loss work [0130] c spring constant of spring 25 (for a linear characteristic) [0131] t time [0132] T.sub.1/2 half period duration of the spring mass oscillator from m and c [0133] 1a, 1b switching positions of valve 46 [0134] 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d switching positions of valve 76 [0135] rotation angle between drive piston 23 and inflow opening 33

Phases:

[0136] resting phase [0137] I opening of gas exchange valve [0138] II first holding phase in the open state [0139] III closing of gas exchange valve [0140] IV second holding phase before valve seat [0141] V final closing of gas exchange valve [0142] V* soft landing phase [0143] VI resting phase

Cross-Sectional Profile

[0144] A.sub.1 cross-sectional profile at the inflow control valve 46 [0145] A.sub.2 cross-sectional course at the outflow control valve 76 [0146] A.sub.3 cross-sectional profile of the inflow cuting opening 33 [0147] a open [0148] b closed

Force-Displacement Diagrams

[0149] F1 only p.sub.1 with stroke adjustment via pressure [0150] F2 only p.sub.1*<p.sub.1 with inflow cutting [0151] F3 spring characteristic and spring work for case F1 and F2 [0152] F4 case with loss work FV, p.sub.1->does not work [0153] F5 case with loss work FV, p.sub.1*>p.sub.1 with inflow cutting [0154] F6 spring characteristic and spring work for case F5