FIBRE LASER ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR GENERATING HIGH POWER LASER RADIATION

Abstract

A fibre laser assembly includes a pump laser assembly for optical pumping of an active fibre with first pump radiation of a first pump wavelength and means for the generation of second pump radiation at a second pump wavelength, which lies between the first pump wavelength and the wavelength of the seed laser. Doping concentration, length of the active fibre, and power of the first pump radiation are coordinated such that the active fibre absorbs the first pump radiation in the first fibre portion to >90%, the radiation of the second pump wavelength in the first fibre portion is amplified by the first pump radiation to generate the second pump radiation, and the laser radiation of the seed laser is amplified in the remaining second fibre portion by the second pump radiation.

Claims

1. Fibre laser assembly with at least: a doped active fibre, which comprises a first fibre portion and a second fibre portion adjoining the first fibre portion, a pump laser assembly for the optical pumping of the active fibre with first pump radiation at a first pump wavelength, and a seed laser, which emits laser radiation at a wavelength above the spectral amplification maximum of the active fibre, which is coupled into the active fibre at one end of the active fibre where the first fibre portion begins, wherein the fibre laser assembly comprises a device for the generation of second pump radiation, which is guided in the core of the active fibre, and has a second pump wavelength, which lies between the first pump wavelength and the wavelength of the seed laser, and the doping concentration of the active fibre, the power of the first pump laser assembly, and the length of the active fibre are adapted such that the active fibre absorbs the first pump radiation in the first fibre portion of the active fibre by >90%, radiation of the second pump wavelength, which propagates in the first fibre portion in the direction of the second fibre portion, is amplified in the first fibre portion by the first pump radiation so as to generate the second pump radiation, and the laser radiation of the seed laser is amplified by the second pump radiation in the remaining second fibre portion of the active fibre.

2. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the device for the generation of second pump radiation comprises a first fibre Bragg grating, which is designed to be highly reflective at the second pump wavelength in a passive fibre connected to an input end of the active fibre, or at the input end of the active fibre, so as to achieve an amplification of the radiation at the second pump wavelength from an ASE, evoked by the optical pumping of the active fibre with the first pump radiation, in the first fibre portion of the active fibre.

3. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 2, characterised in that, the device for the generation of second pump radiation additionally comprises a second fibre Bragg grating in the first fibre portion of the active fibre, which grating forms a resonator at the second pump wavelength with the first fibre Bragg grating, and enables the second pump radiation generated in the resonator to be decoupled from the resonator into the second fibre portion of the active fibre.

4. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 2, characterised in that, the device for the generation of second pump radiation additionally comprises at least a second fibre Bragg grating in the first fibre portion of the active fibre, which is designed to be highly reflective for a further pump wavelength lying between the first pump wavelength and the wavelength of the seed laser, so as to achieve also an amplification of radiation of the further pump wavelength from an ASE, evoked by the optical pumping of the active fibre with the first pump radiation, in the first fibre portion of the active fibre.

5. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the active fibre is doped with thulium.

6. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the second pump wavelength lies in a range from 1,900 nm to 1,980 nm.

7. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, a holmium-doped amplification fibre is arranged between the seed laser and the active fibre, for the amplification of the laser radiation of the seed laser.

8. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 7, characterised in that, the amplification fibre is pumped by laser radiation from a thulium-doped fibre laser at the second pump wavelength, which is coupled into the core of the amplification fibre, wherein the doping concentration of the amplification fibre, the power of the fibre laser doped with thulium, and the length of the amplification fibre, are adapted to each other, such that a part of the laser radiation of the fibre laser doped with thulium, coupled into the core of the amplification fibre, is not absorbed in the amplification fibre, and enters into the active fibre.

9. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the pump laser assembly is formed by one or a plurality of laser diodes.

10. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the pump laser assembly emits laser radiation at a wavelength in a range from 780 nm to 810 nm as the first pump wavelength.

11. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the pump laser assembly is formed by an Er:Yb-laser, which emits laser radiation at a wavelength in a range from 1,520 nm to 1,590 nm as the first pump wavelength.

12. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 11, characterised in that, the laser radiation of the Er:Yb-laser is coupled into the core of the active fibre.

13. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the active fibre adjoins a further active fibre, which is doped with holmium and is pumped by a component of the second pump radiation, which has not been absorbed in the active fibre.

14. Fibre laser assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that, the seed laser emits laser radiation with a wavelength of >2.02 m.

15. Method for the amplification of laser radiation in a doped active fibre, which comprises a first fibre portion, and a second fibre portion adjoining the first fibre portion, in which laser radiation from a seed laser with a wavelength above the spectral amplification maximum of the active fibre, is coupled into the active fibre at an end of the active fibre at which the first fibre portion begins, and is amplified by means of optical pumping, wherein the first fibre portion of the active fibre is optically pumped with first pump radiation at a first pump wavelength, and the remaining second fibre portion of the active fibre is optically pumped with second pump radiation at at least a second pump wavelength, which lies between the first pump wavelength and the wavelength of the seed laser, and the doping concentration of the active fibre, the power of the first pump radiation, and the length of the active fibre, are chosen such that the active fibre absorbs >90% of the first pump radiation in the first fibre portion, radiation of the second pump wavelength, which propagates in the first fibre portion in the direction of the second fibre portion, is amplified in the first fibre portion by the first pump radiation for the generation of the second pump radiation, and the laser radiation of the seed laser (1) is then amplified in the second fibre portion by means of the second pump radiation.

16. Method according to claim 15, characterised in that, the radiation of the second pump wavelength is obtained from an ASE, evoked by the optical pumping of the active fibre with the first pump radiation, in the first fibre portion of the active fibre, is reflected back into the active fibre by way of a fibre Bragg grating, which is highly reflective at the second pump wavelength, and is there amplified by means of the optical pumping with the first pump radiation in the first fibre portion of the active fibre.

17. Method according to claim 16, characterised in that, the radiation of at least one further pump wavelength is obtained from the ASE, evoked by the optical pumping of the active fibre with the first pump radiation, in the first fibre portion of the active fibre, is reflected back into the active fibre by way of a fibre Bragg grating, which is highly reflective at the further pump wavelength, and is there amplified by means of the optical pumping with the first pump radiation, in the first fibre portion of the active fibre.

18. Method according to claim 15, characterised in that, a holmium-doped amplification fibre is used between the seed laser and the active fibre for the amplification of the laser radiation of the seed laser, wherein the amplification fibre is pumped by means of laser radiation at the second pump wavelength of a fibre laser doped with thulium, which is coupled into the core of the amplification fibre, wherein the doping concentration of the amplification fibre, the power of the fibre laser doped with thulium, and the length of the amplification fibre, are selected such that a part of the laser radiation of the second pump wavelength coupled into the core of the amplification fibre is not absorbed in the amplification fibre, enters the active fibre and is there amplified by means of the optical pumping with the first pump radiation in the first fibre portion of the active fibre.

19. Method according to claim 15 for the amplification of laser radiation in an active fibre doped with thulium.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0018] In what follows the proposed fibre laser assembly and the associated method are explained in more detail by means of examples of embodiment in conjunction with the figures. Here:

[0019] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly;

[0020] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly;

[0021] FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly;

[0022] FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly;

[0023] FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a fifth example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly; and

[0024] FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a sixth example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly.

PATHS TO THE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0025] In the proposed fibre laser assembly and the associated method, the laser radiation at the second pump wavelength, which is amplified in the first fibre portion to form the second pump radiation, can either be obtained from the ASE in the first fibre portion, or supplied from another laser source via the core of the active fibre. In the following examples of embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4, the first case is exemplified, in the examples of embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the second case is exemplified.

[0026] Thus FIG. 1 shows an exemplary configuration of the proposed fibre laser assembly, in which the laser radiation of a seed laser 1, with a wavelength of >2.02 m, is supplied to a Tm-doped active fibre 3. The active fibre 3 is optically pumped via the fibre cladding, by way of a pump laser assembly 2, which in the present case consists of two multi-mode laser diodes. The coupling-in of this first pump radiation takes place by way of the pump coupler 4, as shown in the figure. The doping concentration and length of the active fibre 3 are designed such that >90% of the pump radiation of the pump laser assembly 2 is absorbed in a first portion of this fibre 3. A passive fibre is arranged between the output of the seed laser 1 and the input of the active fibre 3, in which a fibre Bragg grating 5 (first fibre Bragg grating) is designed, which is highly reflective at a second pump wavelength. The passive fibre can here be spliced onto the active fibre 3. The pump coupler 4 is arranged on this passive fibre. In this example, the laser diodes of the pump laser assembly 2 emit pump radiation at a wavelength of 793 nm (first pump radiation), at which Tm-doped fibres can be pumped particularly effectively. The fibre Bragg grating 5 is chosen so as to be highly reflective at a wavelength that lies within the optimal amplification band of thulium, in this example 1,950 nm. By the arrangement of this fibre Bragg grating 5, which is highly reflective at the second pump wavelength of 1,950 nm, close to the input end of the active fibre 3, parasitic lasing, or unidirectional spontaneous amplified emission, is achieved at this wavelength, causing amplification of the laser radiation at the second pump wavelength. This amplified signal serves as a second pump radiation that optically pumps the active fibre 3 in the adjoining second fibre portion. No (first) pump radiation at the first pump wavelength any longer reaches this second fibre portion. In this second fibre portion the active fibre 3 is pumped exclusively by the (second) pump radiation at the second pump wavelength of 1,950 nm, and here causes the amplification of the laser radiation of the seed laser that is propagating in the active fibre 3 at a wavelength of >2.02 m.

[0027] In a second exemplary configuration of the proposed fibre laser assembly, as shown in FIG. 2, a second fibre Bragg grating 7 is arranged, that is to say, designed in the first portion of the active fibre 3, preferably at the end of this first portion, in addition to the high-reflective fibre Bragg grating 5. This second fibre Bragg grating 7 is designed such that it forms a resonator with the first fibre Bragg grating 5 at the second pump wavelength, here 1,950 nm, and at the same time forms the decoupling mirror of this resonator for this second pump wavelength.

[0028] FIG. 3 shows a third example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly, in which, in addition to the configuration of FIG. 2, a further Ho-doped active fibre 8 is spliced onto the output of the Tm-doped active fibre 3. This further active fibre 8 is optically pumped by a component of the (second) pump radiation at the second pump wavelength, which has not been absorbed in the Tm-doped active fibre 3. In this assembly, the desired laser signal at >2.02 m is further amplified by the Ho-doped active fibre 8.

[0029] In another exemplary configuration of the proposed fibre laser assembly, as shown in FIG. 4, the second pump radiation is generated with two different pump wavelengths. For this purpose, in addition to the first high-reflectivity fibre Bragg grating of FIG. 1, a further (third) fibre Bragg grating 9 is inscribed into the first portion of the active fibre 3, which is designed to be highly reflective for a pump wavelength .sub.p3 that differs from that of the first fibre Bragg grating 5. The two fibre Bragg gratings 5, 9 thus have different central wavelengths .sub.p2, .sub.p3, where .sub.p3>.sub.p2, so that in a first region of the first portion of the active fibre 3 (as far as the further fibre Bragg grating 9) the first intermediate pump signal (at .sub.p2) and in a second region of the first portion of the active fibre 3 adjoining the further fibre Bragg grating 9 the second intermediate pump signal (at .sub.p3) is amplified. Both pump signals then propagate into the second portion of the active fibre 3 and there amplify the seed laser signal at .sub.pS>2.02 m. For both intermediate pump signals, a corresponding resonator can also be generated by an appropriate arrangement of other low-reflectivity fibre Bragg gratings, as described in FIG. 2. The other low-reflectivity fibre Bragg grating for the first intermediate pump signal can here be formed either before, after, or also within, the other high-reflectivity fibre Bragg grating 9.

[0030] FIG. 5 shows an example of embodiment in which the laser radiation of the seed laser 1 is firstly preamplified in a holmium-doped active fibre 10. In this example, this holmium-doped active fibre 10 is pumped via the core at a wavelength of 1,950 nm with a Tm-fibre laser 11. The pump laser signal is coupled into the core of the Ho-doped fibre 10 by way of a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexer) 12, as indicated in FIG. 5. To avoid feedback, an isolator 13 is also inserted in this example between the input of the Tm-doped active fibre 3 and the output of the Ho-doped active fibre 10. By utilising the wavelength of 1,950 nm of a Tm fibre laser 11 for the optical pumping of the Ho-doped active fibre 10 via the core, and the suitable dimensioning of this fibre 10, a remaining component of the laser radiation of the Tm-fibre laser 11 enters the Tm-doped active fibre 3, which in turn is amplified in the first portion of the Tm-doped active fibre 3 by the optical pumping with the first pump radiation, and is utilised in the second fibre portion as second pump radiation. The fibre portion between the Ho-doped fibre 10 and the pump coupler 4 for the first pump radiation can either be passively formed or doped with Tm and thus optically pumped by the remaining component of the laser radiation at 1,950 nm.

[0031] A sixth example of embodiment of the proposed fibre laser assembly is shown in FIG. 6. This assembly is similar to the assembly in FIG. 5. In this example, the Ho-doped active fibre 10 (single-mode fibre) is optically pumped via the core with the Tm-fibre laser 11 at 1,900 nm. In this example, the optical pumping of the first fibre portion of the Tm-doped active fibre 3 with the first pump radiation is not performed via the cladding with laser diodes at a wavelength of 793 nm, but rather via the core with an Er:Yb-laser 14 at a wavelength of 1,560 nm. The coupling of this pump radiation into the core is again carried out by way of a WDM 15.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0032] 1 Seed laser [0033] 2 Pump laser assembly [0034] 3 Tm-doped active fibre [0035] 4 Pump coupler [0036] 5 First fibre Bragg grating (HR) [0037] 6 Output [0038] 7 Second fibre Bragg grating (LR) [0039] 8 Ho-doped active fibre [0040] 9 Third fibre Bragg grating (HR) [0041] 10 Ho-doped active fibre [0042] 11 Tm-doped fibre laser [0043] 12 WDM [0044] 13 Isolator [0045] 14 Er:Yb-laser [0046] 15 WDM