Methods of fluxless micro-piercing of solder balls, and resulting devices

Abstract

A method of establishing conductive connections is disclosed. The method includes providing an integrated circuit die having a plurality of solder balls each of which has an oxide layer on an outer surface of the solder ball. The method also includes performing a heating process to heat at least the solder balls and applying a force causing each of a plurality of piercing bond structures on a substrate to pierce one of the solder balls and its associated oxide layer to thereby establish a conductive connection between the solder ball and the piercing bond structure.

Claims

1. A device comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; a plurality of piercing bond structures at the first side of the substrate, each of the piercing bond structures having an outer surface that surrounds a solid core of conductive material, wherein the outer surface includes an anti-oxidation material; a plurality of contact pads at the second side of the substrate; and a plurality of wiring traces electrically coupling the piercing bond structures with the contact pads, wherein the anti-oxidation material is a first anti-oxidation material, the device further including a second anti-oxidation material over the first anti-oxidation material, wherein the first anti-oxidation material is gold and the second anti-oxidation material is nickel, and wherein individual piercing bond structures have a first end facing the first side of the substrate and a second end facing away from the first end, and wherein the second ends are non-flat.

2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a standoff structure at the first side of the substrate, wherein the standoff structure extends away from the first side of the substrate for a distance.

3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a non-conductive paste at the first side of the substrate.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes a via extending from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate, wherein at least one wiring trace lines the via.

5. A device comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; a plurality of piercing bond structures at the first side of the substrate, each of the piercing bond structures having an outer surface that surrounds a solid core of conductive material, wherein the outer surface includes an anti-oxidation material; a plurality of contact pads at the second side of the substrate; and a plurality of wiring traces electrically coupling the piercing bond structures with the contact pads, wherein the anti-oxidation material is a first anti-oxidation material, the device further including a second anti-oxidation material over the first anti-oxidation material, wherein the first anti-oxidation material is gold and the second anti-oxidation material is nickel, and wherein the piercing bond structures have substantially triangular cross-sections.

6. The device of claim 5, further comprising a standoff structure at the first side of the substrate, wherein the standoff structure extends away from the first side of the substrate for a distance.

7. The device of claim 5, further comprising a non-conductive paste at the first side of the substrate.

8. The device of claim 5, wherein the substrate includes a via extending from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate, wherein at least one wiring trace lines the via.

9. A device comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; a plurality of piercing bond structures at the first side of the substrate, each of the piercing bond structures having an outer surface that surrounds a solid core of conductive material, wherein the outer surface includes an anti-oxidation material; a plurality of contact pads at the second side of the substrate; and a plurality of wiring traces electrically coupling the piercing bond structures with the contact pads, wherein the anti-oxidation material is a first anti-oxidation material, the device further including a second anti-oxidation material over the first anti-oxidation material, wherein the first anti-oxidation material is gold and the second anti-oxidation material is nickel, and wherein individual piercing bond structures have a first end facing the first side of the substrate and a second end facing away from the first end, and wherein the individual second ends have cross-sections selected from a group consisting of a pointed cross-section, a rounded cross-section, and a multiple-peak cross section.

10. The device of claim 9, further comprising a standoff structure at the first side of the substrate, wherein the standoff structure extends away from the first side of the substrate for a distance.

11. The device of claim 9, further comprising a non-conductive paste at the first side of the substrate.

12. The device of claim 9 wherein the substrate includes a via extending from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate, wherein at least one wiring trace lines the via.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The subject matter disclosed herein may be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:

(2) FIGS. 1A-1D are various views of an illustrative device described herein;

(3) FIGS. 2A-2B depict a reduced pitch that may be achieved using the piercing bond structures disclosed herein;

(4) FIG. 3 depicts the piercing bond structures disclosed herein as engaged with different size solder balls;

(5) FIG. 4 depicts a variety of illustrative end configurations for the piercing bond structures disclosed herein; and

(6) FIGS. 5A-5D depict one illustrative process flow for forming the piercing bond structures disclosed herein.

(7) While the subject matter described herein is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) Illustrative embodiments of the present subject matter are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

(9) Although various regions and structures shown in the drawings are depicted as having very precise, sharp configurations and profiles, those skilled in the art recognize that, in reality, these regions and structures are not as precise as indicated in the drawings. Additionally, the relative sizes of the various features and doped regions depicted in the drawings may be exaggerated or reduced as compared to the size of those features or regions on fabricated devices. Nevertheless, the attached drawings are included to describe and explain illustrative examples of the subject matter disclosed herein.

(10) FIGS. 1A-1B depict an illustrative embodiment of a device 10 in accordance with one aspect of the present subject matter. The device 10 comprises a die 12 that is attached to an interposer or substrate 14, e.g., a printed circuit board. The terms substrate and interposer will be used interchangeably herein and they shall be understood to refer to any type of structure to which an integrated circuit die may be mounted. The die 12 comprises a plurality of schematically depicted solder balls 16 that are conductively coupled to conductive pads 17. The solder balls 16 have an illustrative oxide layer 20, e.g., tin oxide, formed on the outer surface thereof due to the manufacturing processes performed to form the solder balls 16. A plurality of piercing bond structures 22 are formed on the substrate 14. The piercing bond structures 22 are conductively coupled to illustrative wire traces or lines 24 that extend through vias 26 formed in the substrate 14. The wiring traces 24 are conductively coupled to illustrative contact pads 28 formed on the substrate 14. A layer of dielectric material 30 is also provided to electrically isolate various electrical components on the substrate 14. At least one anti-oxidation film 23 (see FIG. 1C) is provided on the piercing bond structures 22.

(11) FIG. 1A depicts the situation wherein the die 12 is positioned proximate the substrate 14 prior to attachment. The die 12 may be coupled to the substrate 14 using a variety of known techniques, e.g., adhesives, epoxies, etc. In the depicted example, an amount of non-conductive paste 32 is positioned on the substrate 14. A non-conductive film may, in some applications, be applied in lieu of the non-conductive paste 32.

(12) FIG. 1B depicts the device 10 at the point of fabrication wherein the die 12 has been conductively coupled to the substrate 14 by virtue of the conductive engagement between the piercing bond structures 22 and the solder balls 16. The piercing bond structures 22 pierce the oxide layer 20 and the solder ball 16 to thereby establish this conductive connection. Also note that FIG. 1B depicts an illustrative standoff structure 34 that may be employed if desired or needed to ensure that the die 12 is positioned a fixed distance from the substrate 14.

(13) In attaching the die 12 to the substrate 14, the device 10 is heated and an illustrative downforce 40 is applied. The magnitude of the downforce 40 may vary depending upon the particular application. In one illustrative embodiment, the downforce 40 may range from approximately 2-12 kg. In some specific applications, a downforce 40 of approximately 8 kg may be employed. The device 10 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the material of the solder ball 16, e.g., to a temperature ranging from approximately 190-210 C. The downforce 40 may be applied for a duration of 0.5-2 seconds, depending on the particular application. The article entitled Instantaneous Fluxless Bonding of Au with PbSn Solder in Ambient Atmosphere, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 98, 034904 (2005) is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

(14) FIGS. 1C-1D are enlarged views of an illustrative solder ball 16 and piercing bond structure 22 prior to engagement (FIG. 1C) and after engagement (FIG. 1D). As mentioned previously, the piercing bond structure 22 has one or more anti-oxidation layers 23 formed on the structure 22 to prevent an oxide film from forming on the piercing bond structure 22. In the illustrative example depicted in FIGS. 1C-1D, the anti-oxidation layer 23 comprises a layer of gold 23A and a layer of nickel 23B. Of course, other materials may be employed. The layer of gold 23A may have a thickness of approximately 2.5 m, while the layer of nickel 23B may have a thickness of approximately 0.3 m.

(15) FIGS. 2A-2B schematically depict the reduced pitch between adjacent conductive structures that may result by use of the piercing bond structures 22 disclosed herein. FIG. 2A schematically depicts an illustrative conductive bond structures 90 that are commonly formed using known techniques. The conventional bond structures 90 have a substantially planar upper or contact surface 92. In FIG. 2A, the width of the contact surface 92 is designated A, the width of the sloped sidewalls 94, due to the isotropic nature of the etching process used to form the structures 90, is designated as B and the spacing between the structures 90 is designated as C. Thus, the pitch P for the conductive structure 90 would be A+2B+C. In contrast, the pitch (P1) between the piercing bond structures 22 shown in FIG. 2B would be equal to 2B+C. In short, using the techniques and piercing bond structures 22 disclosed herein, the pitch between conductive bonding structures (like the piercing bond structures 22 disclosed herein) may be substantially less as compared to prior art devices that employ bonding structures having a substantially planar or non-piercing upper surface 92, as shown in FIG. 2A. For example, using the piercing bond structures 22 described herein, the pitch P1 may be approximately 60 m minimum.

(16) As shown in FIG. 3, the methodologies and piercing bond structures 22 disclosed herein may be employed with solder balls 16A, 16B, 16C of differing sizes. Thus, the piercing bond structures 22 described herein may be employed with a vast variety of different connection technologies and techniques.

(17) The present subject matter may also be employed to control the offset between the die 12 and the printed circuit board 14. In general, all other things being equal, the greater the downforce 40, the less the distance between the die 12 and the printed circuit board 14. The temperature during the engagement process can also be employed to control the spacing between the die 12 and the printed circuit board 14. In general, the greater the temperature, the less the spacing between the die 12 and the printed circuit board 14.

(18) As shown in FIG. 4, the piercing bond structures 22 may have a variety of configurations for the piercing end 22A of the structure 22. For example, the piercing end 22A may be pointed, rounded or comprise multiple peaks as depicted on the piercing bond structures 22 in FIG. 4 (from left to right).

(19) FIGS. 5A-5D depict one illustrative process flow for forming the piercing bond structures 22 described herein. Initially, as shown in FIG. 5A, a masking layer 80 is formed above a layer of conductive material 82. The masking layer 80 may be comprised of a variety of materials, e.g., a photoresist material, and it may be formed using traditional photolithography techniques. The layer of conductive material 82 may be comprised of a variety of different materials, e.g., gold, and it may be formed by a variety of known techniques, e.g., plating.

(20) As shown in FIG. 5B, an anisotropic etching process 84 is performed to partially define conductive structures 86 having sloped sidewalls 87. The etching process 84 may be stopped at a point in time such that a portion 88 of the layer of conductive material 82 is not etched completely away. In some applications, stopping the etch process 84 so as to leave a remaining portion 88 of the layer of conductive material 82 may not be required. As shown in FIG. 5C, the masking layer 80 is removed, and an isotropic etching process 89 is performed until such time as the piercing bond structures 22 depicted in FIG. 5D are formed. Note that, in the illustrative embodiment depicted herein, the piercing bond structures 22 have a substantially triangular cross-sectional configuration and a substantially pointed end 22A. The end 22A of the piercing bond structure 22 is generally non-planar or non-flat, but it may take on other configurations. For example, FIG. 4 depicts various illustrative configurations for the end 22A of the piercing bond structures 22.

(21) The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. For example, the process steps set forth above may be performed in a different order. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.