Multi-mode engine-disconnect clutch assemblies and control logic for hybrid electric vehicles

Abstract

Presented are engine-disconnect clutches with attendant control logic, methods for making/operating such disconnect clutches, and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) equipped with an engine that is coupled to/decoupled from a transmission and electric motor via a disconnect clutch. A representative method for controlling an HEV powertrain includes receiving an HEV powertrain operation command, then determining a clutch mode of a multi-mode clutch device to execute the HEV powertrain operation. This multi-mode clutch device is operable in: a lock-lock mode, in which the clutch device transmits torque to and from the engine; a free-free mode, in which the clutch device disconnects the engine's output member from the transmission's input member, preventing torque transmission to and from the engine; a lock-free mode, in which the clutch device transmits torque from but not to the engine; and, a free-lock mode, in which the clutch device transmits torque to but not from the engine.

Claims

1. A method for controlling operation of a hybrid powertrain, the hybrid powertrain including an engine, an electric motor, a controller, a transmission drivingly connectable to the engine and the electric motor, and an engine disconnect device operable to selectively disconnect the engine from the transmission and the electric motor, the method comprising: receiving, via the controller, a command signal to initiate a powertrain operation of the hybrid powertrain, the powertrain operation including either one of a coasting operation or a regenerative braking operation responsive to a driver input and a current vehicle operating state; determining, via the controller responsive to the command signal to initiate the coasting operation or the regenerative braking operation, a current mode of the engine disconnect device, the current mode having either one of a loaded state or an unloaded state; commanding, via the controller responsive to the current mode of the engine disconnect device having the loaded state, the electric motor to generate a torque pulse configured to unload the engine disconnect device; determining, via the controller after the electric motor generates the torque pulse, if the engine disconnect device is in the unloaded state; and commanding, responsive to the engine disconnect device being in the unloaded state such that the engine is disconnected from the transmission and the electric motor, the electric motor to apply a negative torque to the transmission configured to emulate engine drag.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising commanding, via the controller responsive to the command signal to initiate the coasting operation or the regenerative braking operation, the transmission to shift into a neutral state.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising commanding, via the controller contemporaneous with the transmission shifting into the neutral state, a brake system to generate a braking torque configured to maintain a desired vehicle deceleration input by an operator.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the torque pulse generated by the electric motor causes a first side of the engine disconnect device closest to the transmission to experience a first torque that is larger than a second torque experienced by a second side of the engine disconnect device closest to the engine.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the powertrain further includes a torque converter (TC) selectively drivingly connecting the motor and engine to the transmission, the method further comprising commanding, via the controller responsive to the engine disconnect device being in the unloaded state, the electric motor to apply a motor torque to the torque converter sufficient to match a TC output speed of the torque converter to a transmission output speed of the transmission.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising determining if the TC output speed is substantially equal to the transmission output speed, wherein commanding the electric motor to apply the negative torque configured to emulate engine drag is further in response to the TC output speed being substantially equal to the transmission output speed.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising commanding, via the controller responsive to the TC output speed being substantially equal to the transmission output speed, the transmission to shift into a select gear.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising commanding, via the controller responsive to the engine disconnect device being in the unloaded state, a brake system to generate a braking torque configured to collectively emulate the engine drag in cooperation with the negative torque output by the electric motor.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the engine disconnect device is a multi-mode clutch device operable in a plurality of modes, the modes including: a lock-lock mode in which the multi-mode clutch device transmits torque to and from the engine; a free-free mode in which the multi-mode clutch device disconnects the engine from the transmission and the motor to thereby disable torque transmission to and from the engine; a lock-free mode in which the multi-mode clutch device transmits torque from and not to the engine; and a free-lock mode in which the multi-mode clutch device transmits torque to and not from the engine.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the powertrain operation includes the regenerative braking operation, and wherein a matching clutch mode of the multi-mode clutch device to execute the powertrain operation is either one of the lock-free mode or the free-free mode.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the regenerative braking operation includes an engine-disconnected braking operation.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the powertrain operation includes the coasting operation, and wherein a matching clutch mode of the multi-mode clutch device to execute the powertrain operation is the lock-free mode.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the coasting operation includes an engine-disconnected tip-out-tip-in operation.

14. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) comprising: a vehicle body with a plurality of road wheels; an internal combustion engine (ICE) assembly attached to the vehicle body, the ICE assembly including a crankshaft configured to output torque generated by the ICE assembly; a motor/generator unit (MGU) attached to the vehicle body, the MGU including a motor output shaft configured to output torque generated by the MGU; a multi-speed transmission operable to receive, selectively modify, and transmit torque output by the MGU and the ICE assembly to one or more of the road wheels; a multi-mode selectable one-way clutch (SOWC) operable to selectively connect and disconnect the ICE assembly to and from the multi-speed transmission and the MGU; and a vehicle controller communicatively connected to the MGU, the multi-speed transmission, and the multi-mode SOWC, the vehicle controller being programmed to: receive a command signal to initiate a powertrain operation including either one of a coasting operation or a regenerative braking operation responsive to a driver input and a current vehicle operating state; responsive to the command signal to initiate the coasting operation or the regenerative braking operation, determine a current mode of the multi-mode SOWC, the current mode having either one of a loaded state or an unloaded state; responsive to the current mode of the multi-mode SOWC having the loaded state, command the MGU to generate a torque pulse configured to unload the multi-mode SOWC; after the MGU generates the torque pulse, determine if the multi-mode SOWC is in the unloaded state; and responsive to the multi-mode SOWC being in the unloaded state such that the ICE assembly is disconnected from the multi-speed transmission and the MGU, command the MGU to apply a negative torque to the multi-speed transmission configured to emulate engine drag.

15. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 14, wherein the vehicle controller is further programmed to command the multi-speed transmission to shift into a neutral state responsive to the command signal to initiate the coasting operation or the regenerative braking operation.

16. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 15, wherein the vehicle controller is further programmed to command, contemporaneous with the multi-speed transmission shifting into the neutral state, a brake system of the HEV to generate a braking torque configured to maintain a desired vehicle deceleration input by an operator of the HEV.

17. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 14, wherein the torque pulse generated by the MGU causes a first side of the multi-mode SOWC closest to the multi-speed transmission to experience a first torque that is larger than a second torque experienced by a second side of the multi-mode SOWC closest to the ICE assembly.

18. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 14, further comprising a torque converter (TC) selectively drivingly connecting the MGU and ICE assembly to the multi-speed transmission, the vehicle controller being further programmed to command, responsive to the multi-mode SOWC being in the unloaded state, the MGU to apply a motor torque to the torque converter sufficient to match a TC output speed of the torque converter to a transmission output speed of the multi-speed transmission.

19. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 18, wherein the vehicle controller is further programmed to determine if the TC output speed is substantially equal to the transmission output speed, wherein commanding the MGU to apply the negative torque configured to emulate engine drag is further in response to the TC output speed being substantially equal to the transmission output speed.

20. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 14, wherein the vehicle controller is further programmed to command, responsive to the multi-mode SOWC being in the unloaded state, a brake system to generate a braking torque configured to collectively emulate the engine drag in cooperation with the negative torque output by the MGU.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a representative hybrid electric motor vehicle with a powertrain having an engine assembly and a motor/generator unit drivingly connected to a final drive system by two clutch devices and a multi-speed power transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side-view illustration of select portions of a representative hydrodynamic torque converter, engine-disconnect clutch, and torsional damper assembly in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

(3) FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a representative algorithm or method for controlling operation of a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain that may correspond to instructions executed by onboard control-logic circuitry, programmable electronic control unit, or other computer-based device of a motor vehicle in accordance with aspects of the disclosed concepts.

(4) FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a representative algorithm or method for controlling operation of an HEV during a coasting event that may correspond to instructions executed by onboard control-logic circuitry, programmable electronic control unit, or other computer-based device of a motor vehicle in accordance with aspects of the disclosed concepts.

(5) FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a representative algorithm or method for controlling operation of an HEV during a regenerative braking event that may correspond to instructions executed by onboard control-logic circuitry, programmable electronic control unit, or other computer-based device of a motor vehicle in accordance with aspects of the disclosed concepts.

(6) The present disclosure is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, and some representative embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the novel aspects of this disclosure are not limited to the particular forms illustrated in the appended drawings. Rather, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, combinations, subcombinations, permutations, groupings, and alternatives falling within the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) This disclosure is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms. There are shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail representative embodiments of the disclosure with the understanding that these illustrated examples are provided as an exemplification of the disclosed principles, not limitations of the broad aspects of the disclosure. To that extent, elements and limitations that are described, for example, in the Abstract, Introduction, Summary, and Detailed Description sections, but not explicitly set forth in the claims, should not be incorporated into the claims, singly or collectively, by implication, inference or otherwise.

(8) For purposes of the present detailed description, unless specifically disclaimed: the singular includes the plural and vice versa; the words and and or shall be both conjunctive and disjunctive; the word all means any and all; the word any means any and all; and the words including and comprising and having mean including without limitation. Moreover, words of approximation, such as about, almost, substantially, approximately, and the like, may be used herein in the sense of at, near, or nearly at, or within 0-5% of, or within acceptable manufacturing tolerances, or any logical combination thereof, for example. Lastly, directional adjectives and adverbs, such as fore, aft, inboard, outboard, starboard, port, vertical, horizontal, upward, downward, front, back, left, right, etc., may be with respect to a motor vehicle, such as a forward driving direction of a motor vehicle when the vehicle is operatively oriented on a normal driving surface, for example.

(9) Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like features throughout the several views, there is shown in FIG. 1 a schematic illustration of a representative automobile, which is designated generally at 10 and portrayed herein for purposes of discussion as a passenger vehicle with a parallel P2 hybrid-electric powertrain. In particular, the illustrated powertrain is generally composed of a single engine 12 and a single motor 14 that operate, individually and in concert, to transmit tractive power to a multi-speed power transmission 16 through a hydrokinetic torque converter 18 to drive one or more road wheels 20 of the vehicle's drivetrain 11. The illustrated automobile 10also referred to herein as motor vehicle or vehicle for shortis merely an exemplary application with which novel aspects and features of this disclosure can be practiced. In the same vein, implementation of the present concepts into a P2 hybrid powertrain architecture should also be appreciated as an exemplary application of the novel concepts disclosed herein. As such, it will be understood that aspects and features of the present disclosure can be applied to other vehicle powertrain configurations and utilized for any logically relevant type of motor vehicle. Lastly, only select components of the vehicle have been shown and will be described in additional detail herein. Nevertheless, the vehicles and powertrains discussed below can include numerous additional and alternative features, and other well-known peripheral components, e.g., for carrying out the various methods and functions of this disclosure.

(10) The representative vehicle powertrain system is shown in FIG. 1 with a prime mover, such as a restartable internal combustion engine assembly 12 that is drivingly connected to a driveshaft 15 of a final drive system 11 by a multi-speed automatic power transmission 16. The engine 12 transfers power, preferably by way of torque via an engine crankshaft 13 (or engine output member) to an input side of the transmission 16. As shown, the prime mover 12 directly drives a multi-mode engine-disconnect clutch device 28 which, when operatively engaged, drives the TC 18 via a torsional damper assembly 26. This engine-disconnect clutch device 28 transmits torque received from the ICE 12 by way of the damper 26 to input structure of the TC 18. The transmission 16, in turn, is adapted to receive, selectively manipulate, and distribute tractive power from the engine 12 to the vehicle's final drive system 11represented herein by a driveshaft 15, rear differential 22, and a pair of rear road wheels 20and thereby propel the hybrid vehicle 10. In the example depicted in FIG. 1, the ICE assembly 12 may be any available or hereafter developed engine, such as a two or four-stroke compression-ignited diesel engine or a four-stroke spark-ignited gasoline or flex-fuel engine, which is readily adapted to provide its available power output typically at a number of revolutions per minute (RPM). Although not explicitly portrayed in FIG. 1, it should be appreciated that the final drive system 11 may take on any available configuration, including front wheel drive (FWD) layouts, rear wheel drive (RWD) layouts, four-wheel drive (4WD) layouts, all-wheel drive (AWD) layouts, etc.

(11) FIG. 1 also depicts an electric motor/generator unit 14 or other E-machine that operatively connects via a motor shaft 29 (or motor output member) to a main shaft 17 (or transmission input member) of the electro-hydraulic transmission 16 via the torque converter 18. The motor/generator unit 14 can be directly coupled onto a TC input shaft 19 or splined housing portion (e.g., front cover 38 of FIG. 2) of the torque converter 18 via one or more selectively engageable torque transmitting mechanisms 24 (e.g., clutch, brake, etc.). The electric motor/generator unit 14 is composed of an annular stator 21 circumscribing and concentric with a rotor 23. Electric power is provided to the stator 21 through electrical conductors or cables 27 that pass through the motor housing in suitable sealing and insulating feedthroughs (not illustrated). Conversely, electric power may be provided from the MGU 14 to an onboard traction battery pack 30 via regenerative braking. Operation of any of the illustrated powertrain components may be governed by an onboard or remote vehicle controller, such as programmable electronic control unit (ECU) 25. While shown as a P2 hybrid-electric architecture with a single motor in parallel power-flow communication with a single engine assembly, the vehicle 10 may employ other powertrain configurations, including PS, P1, P3, and P4 hybrid powertrains, any of which may be adapted for an HEV, PHEV, range-extended hybrid vehicle, or fuel-cell hybrid vehicle, etc.

(12) As indicated above, ECU 25 is constructed and programmed to govern, among other things, operation of the engine 12, motor 14, transmission 16, TC 18, and clutches 24, 28. Control module, module, controller, control unit, electronic control unit, processor, and any permutations thereof may be defined to mean any one or various combinations of one or more of logic circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuit(s) (ASIC), electronic circuit(s), central processing unit(s) (e.g., microprocessor(s)), and associated memory and storage (e.g., read only, programmable read only, random access, hard drive, tangible, etc.)), whether resident, remote or a combination of both, executing one or more software or firmware programs or routines, combinational logic circuit(s), input/output circuit(s) and devices, appropriate signal conditioning and buffer circuitry, and other components to provide the described functionality. Software, firmware, programs, instructions, routines, code, algorithms and similar terms may be defined to mean any controller executable instruction sets including calibrations and look-up tables. The ECU may be designed with a set of control routines executed to provide the desired functions. Control routines are executed, such as by a central processing unit, and are operable to monitor inputs from sensing devices and other networked control modules, and execute control and diagnostic routines to control operation of devices and actuators. Routines may be executed in real-time, continuously, systematically, sporadically and/or at regular intervals, for example, each 100 microseconds, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 100 milliseconds, etc., during ongoing vehicle use or operation. Alternatively, routines may be executed in response to occurrence of an event during operation of the vehicle 10.

(13) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side-view illustration of a portion of a representative torque converter assembly 18. Hydrokinetic torque converter assembly 18 is a fluid coupling for operatively connecting and disconnecting the ICE assembly 12 and electric motor/generator unit 14 to/from the internal gearing of the power transmission 16. The torque converter assembly 18 may be generally comprised of a torque converter impeller, a bladed turbine, and a relatively stationary stator. The impelleralso referred to in the art as pumpis situated in serial power-flow fluid communication with the turbine. To protect these components, the torque converter assembly 18 is constructed with an annular housing, defined principally by an engine-side front cover 38 (also referred to herein as pump housing) fixedly attached, e.g., via electron beam welding, MIG or MAG welding, laser welding, and the like, to a transmission-side pump shell portion (not visible in FIG. 2) such that a working hydraulic fluid chamber is formed therebetween.

(14) Interposed between the impeller and turbine is a stator that selectively alters fluid flow returning from the turbine to the impeller such that returning fluid aids, rather than impedes, rotation of the impeller. The transfer of engine torque from the crankshaft 13 to the turbine, via the annular housing front cover 38 and impeller, is through the operation of hydraulic fluid, such as transmission oil in the TC fluid chamber. More specifically, rotation of impeller blades, retained between the pump shell and an inner shroud, causes the hydraulic fluid to be directed toroidally outward toward the turbine. When this occurs with sufficient force to overcome the inertial resistance to rotation, turbine blades, which are coaxially oriented with the impeller blades and retained between the inner shroud and a turbine shell, begin to rotate with the impeller. The fluid flow exiting the turbine is directed back into the impeller by way of the stator. The stator, located between the flow exit section of the turbine and the flow entrance section of the impeller, redirects fluid flow from the turbine to the impeller in the same direction as impeller rotation, thereby reducing pump torque and causing torque multiplication.

(15) Fundamentally, as the internal combustion engine 12 turns off to on, on to off, and operates at different rotational speeds during transient modes, it may produce torque-related vibrations and oscillations (colloquially known as torsionals). By way of example, when fuel is being fed to the engine 12 and it is under power, e.g., through engagement of a fuel throttle during normal operation, the engine 12 may produce torsionals that are undesirable to transmit to, and through, the transmission 16. In addition, when the engine 12 is not being fueled or is not under power (e.g., in a startup and/or a shutdown operation), the engine pistons may generate compression pulses. Both the torsionals and compression pulses can produce resultant vibrations, noise and rattle that may be sensed by a vehicle occupant. To help reduce or otherwise cancel out the torsionals, torque swings and compression pulses that may be produced by the engine 12, the vehicle 10 is equipped with an engine-disconnect clutch device 28 and damper assembly 26. As will be described in detail below, the damper assembly 26 generally functions to isolate the torque converter 18 and, thus, the transmission 16 from unwanted torsionals generated by the engine 12, and also to selectively aide the motor/generator unit 14 in canceling engine compression pulses during startup and shutdown operations.

(16) According to the representative example illustrated in FIG. 2, the engine-disconnect clutch device 28 is generally comprised of a pocket plate 60, a selector plate 62, a braking ring 64, a notch plate 66, and a flex plate 68 (positioned in that order, from TC 18 to ICE 12). In the same vein, the damper assembly 26 of FIG. 2 is generally comprised of the notch plate 66, flex plate 68, and one or more spring systems 72 sandwiched between the notch and flex plates 66, 68. As shown, the notch plate 66 is interposed between and coaxially aligned with the pocket and flex plates 60, 68, with the braking ring 64 concentric with the pocket, selector, and notch plates 60, 62, 66. The disconnect clutch device 28 may also include a retaining ring 70 for aligning the notch plate 66 on the pump housing 38, and applying a suitable axial retaining force to operatively retain the notch plate 66 with respect to the pocket plate 60. During operation of the clutch device 28, the force transmitted between the pocket plate 60 and notch plate 66 includes both axial and radial components; the axial component exerts a separating force between the pocket plate 60 and the notch plate 66. The retaining ring 70 (see FIG. 2) is installed in a retaining ring groove provided within the front cover 38 to serve as the reaction member for this axial force.

(17) Pocket plate 60 functions, in part, to rigidly attach the engine-disconnect clutch device 28 and, indirectly, the damper assembly 26 to the torque converter 18. By way of non-limiting example, the TC pump housing 38 is integrally formed with a generally cylindrical hub portion 32 that projects orthogonally from a disk-shaped flange portion 34. Pocket plate 60 may be fabricated as a disk-shaped annulus that is mounted on or into the pump housing 38 such that the torque converter 18 and engine-disconnect clutch device 28 are coaxially aligned to both rotate about a common axis. To operatively align and retain the pocket plate 60, the flange portion 34 of the TC pump housing 38 may be fabricated with an annular slot 35 that extends in a continuous manner along the engine-side face of the housing 38. In this example, the pocket plate 60 has an internal bore and an outer-diameter periphery, the latter of which is formed with externally-projecting teeth or external splines (not shown) that engage or otherwise mate with internally-projecting splines or teeth (not shown) of the slot 35.

(18) Engine-disconnect clutch device 28 is portrayed herein for purposes of discussion as a strut-type selectable one-way clutch (SOWC). Alternatively, the engine-disconnect clutch device 28 may take on other available constructions, such as selectable roller or needle clutches, controllable mechanical diode clutches, and sprag or pawl clutch designs, as a few non-limiting examples. This disclosure contemplates that other selectable, reversible and multi-mode torque transmitting devices could be used to effectuate the features of the present disclosure. Pocket plate 60 of FIG. 2, for example, is fabricated with a series of circumferentially spaced pockets 63 (one of which is visible in FIG. 2), each of which is recessed into or extends through a forward-facing, engine-side surface of the plate 60. Each pocket 63 movably nests therein a respective engaging element that functions to engage with torque-transmitting structure of the notch plate 66. In so doing, the engaging elements cooperatively lock the pocket plate 28 (and the torque converter 18) to the notch plate 66 (and the crankshaft 13) such that these components all rotate in unison with one another. According to the representative architecture of FIG. 2, each engaging element is composed of a spring-biased strut 74 that is pivotably seated within a respective one of the aforementioned pockets 63. Each strut 74 is provided with a respective biasing member 76, which may be a torsion spring, coil spring, constant force spring, or any other element capable of providing lift to one end of the engaging element.

(19) Notch plate 66 functions, in part, to operatively attach the flex plate 68 and, indirectly, the crankshaft 13 to the torque converter 18 via the pocket plate 60 such that torque can be transmitted therebetween. The torque-transmitting structure of the notch plate 66 is generally comprised of circumferentially spaced notches 61 (one of which is visible in FIG. 2) that are individually recessed into a transmission-side, aft-facing surface of the plate 66. This series of notches 61 is radially aligned with the pockets 63 in the pocket plate 60, each shaped and sized to receive therein a portion of a strut 74. The struts 74 engage the notch plate 66thereby locking the pocket plate 60 and torque converter 18 to the notch plate 66 and flex plate 68 for common rotation therewithby projecting forward (rightward in FIG. 2) into and pressing against the notches 61. Conversely, the struts 74 selectively disengage the notch plate 66thereby unlocking the pocket plate 60 from the notch plate 66 such that the notch plate 66 freewheels on the hub 32by receding into their respective pockets 63 out of contact with the notches 61. It will be apparent that the number, arrangement, and geometry of the engaging elements 74 and their corresponding pockets 63 can be varied from that which are shown in the drawings. The same can be said of the notches 61 in the notch plate 63. In this regard, while shown rotatably seated within the pocket plate pockets 63 and selectively operable to project into engagement with the notch plate notches 61, struts 74 may alternatively be borne by the notch plate 66 and project into engagement with the pocket plate 60.

(20) To govern the operating status of the engine-disconnect clutch device 28 and, thus, the torque-transmitting mechanical coupling between the engine 12 and TC 18, the disconnect clutch device 28 is provided with a selector plate 62 and braking ring 64 that cooperatively control the engagement and disengagement of the struts 74 between the pocket and notch plates 60, 66. The selector plate 62 is a disk-shaped annulus neighboring the pocket plate 60 and coaxially aligned with the torque converter 18 and damper assembly 26. This selector plate 62 is mounted for rotational movement relative to the pocket plate 60 to transition back-and-forth between deactivated and activated positions. When the selector plate 62 is in its deactivated position, the engaging elements 74 of the pocket plate 60 are allowed to shift into engagement with the notches 61 of the notch plate 66, e.g., under the biasing force of the biasing members 76. On the other hand, when the selector plate 62 rotates to its activated position, the plate 62 presses or otherwise shifts the engaging elements 74 out of engagement with the notch plate 66. As illustrated selector plate 62 is machined with a series of circumferentially spaced windows 65, each of which is sized and positioned to receive therethrough a portion of a strut 74. Moving the selector plate 62 to the deactivated position aligns the windows 65 with corresponding pockets 63 such that the struts 74 seated therein project through the windows 65 and into the notches 61 of the notch plate 66. Conversely, moving the selector plate 62 to the activated position misaligns the windows 65 with the pockets 63 such that the struts 74 are pressed back into the pockets 63 via the plate 62. A selectively engageable activation device 78, which may be in the nature of a solenoid-driven brake, is activated by a vehicle controller, such as ECU 25 of FIG. 1, to govern rotational motion of the braking ring 64.

(21) Flex plate 68 drivingly connects the damper assembly 26, disconnect device 28 and, when desired, the torque converter assembly 18 to the engine's 12 crankshaft 13by way of engine hub 54 and bolts 56such that rotational power is transferable back-and-forth therebetween. Projecting radially outward from an outer diameter (OD) edge of the flex plate 68 is a succession of gear teeth 73collectively defining a starter ring gearthat operatively engage with gear teeth of an engine starter. Spring-mass damper systemsalso referred to herein as SDS and identified as 72 in the drawingsare spaced circumferentially around and positioned proximate to the outer periphery of the flex plate 68. Notch plate 66 is fabricated with half-cylinder-shaped spring receptacles 75 that are equidistantly spaced along an engine-side surface thereof about the plate 66 body's circumference. Each SDS 72 is seated within a respective one of the spring receptacles 75 such that the length of each helical spring is elongated along the circumference of the plate 66. Recessed into the body of the flex plate 68 are circumferentially spaced spring pockets 77, each of which is radially aligned with a respective receptacle 75 and receives therein a respective one of the SDS helical springs. When the flex plate 68 rotates under the driving power of the engine assembly 12, spring retainers of each SDS 72 are pressed against respective circumferentially spaced walls of the spring receptacles 75 and pockets 77, thereby compressing the springs. This interaction can be used to absorb and dampen unwanted torsionals produced by the engine 12 during normal, startup, transient and shutdown operations, as some non-limiting examples.

(22) With reference now to the flow chart of FIG. 3, an improved method or control strategy for governing operation of a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain, which may be represented in part by ICE assembly 12, MGU 14, and clutch device 28 of FIG. 1, for a motor vehicle, such as automobile 10, is generally described at 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Some or all of the operations illustrated in FIG. 3 and described in further detail below may be representative of an algorithm that corresponds to processor-executable instructions that may be stored, for example, in main or auxiliary or remote memory, and executed, for example, by an on-board or remote ECU, central processing unit (CPU), vehicle control logic circuit, or other module or device or network of modules/devices, to perform any or all of the above or below described functions associated with the disclosed concepts. It should be recognized that the order of execution of the illustrated operation blocks may be changed, additional blocks may be added, and some of the blocks described may be modified, combined, or eliminated.

(23) Method 100 begins at terminal block 101 with processor-executable instructions for a programmable controller, such as ECU 25 of FIG. 1, to call up an initialization procedure for a protocol to determine, for example, a coordinated control mode response of an HEV powertrain for executing a desired vehicle operation. The control system is operable to receive, process, and synthesize pertinent information and inputs, and execute control logic and algorithms to regulate various powertrain components to achieve control targets. ECU 25 may be embodied as a distributed controller architecture composed of a Transmission Control Module (TCM), an Engine Control Module (ECM), a Transmission Power Inverter Module (TPIM), and a Battery Pack Control Module (BPCM) with an integrated Hybrid Control Module (HCP) that offers hierarchical control and coordination of the aforementioned modules. In response to an operator input, as captured by any suitable user interface, the supervisory HCP and one or more of the other control modules may commence the initialization procedure to determine a required control mode response. Mode selection control of a multi-mode engine-disconnect clutch in a hybrid powertrain architecture, e.g., as described with respect to FIG. 3, may offer improved vehicle fuel economy by enabling motor-only EV driving at low speeds and low loads in a P2 mild-hybrid layout. In addition, control mode response as described herein may allow the vehicle to disconnect the engine in a more precise and systematic fashion during braking events to help increase the capture of regenerative braking (regen) energy. In addition, faster tip-in and tip-out response is enabled through quicker engine engagement and disengagement through synchronous one-way clutch engagement and starter timing. Improved tip-in response helps to enable motor-only driving at previously unavailable vehicle speeds, and the complete engine disconnect during braking events, in a mild-hybrid architecture.

(24) Prior to, contemporaneous with, or after executing the operation or operations associated with terminal block 101, method 100 of FIG. 3 continues to input/output block 103 to receive one or more command signals indicative of a desired HEV powertrain operation. By way of example, and not limitation, powertrain control logic processes information regarding vehicle operator intent, which may be received by any suitable interface, including input from an accelerator pedal position sensor, a brake pedal position sensor, a steering wheel angle sensor, a center stack touchscreen display. Processed information may also include data regarding current vehicle operating conditions, including vehicle speed from a road wheel sensor, engine speed from a crankshaft position sensor, transmission speed from input shaft speed (ISS) and output shaft speed (OSS) sensors, motor shaft speed, clutch state, etc. For instance, when a shift to a particular gear is manually commanded and the vehicle speed is brought within a calibrated speed range, transmission logic may responsively initiate commands to enable a corresponding powertrain operation (e.g., engine braking). A vehicle operator, in addition to providing control inputs through any of the foregoing interfaces, may also or alternatively indicate a desire to initiate a particular powertrain operation by directly commanding the vehicle to execute a specific maneuver. Implementation of a specific vehicle maneuver or powertrain operation may be initiated via a corresponding input from a vehicle driver through an electronic driver information center (DIC). The electronic DIC may be in the nature of a touchscreen video display panel that is positioned in a center stack of the vehicle passenger compartment or, optionally, an interactive digital instrument panel (IP) and steering wheel control panel.

(25) At process block 105, a resident or remote vehicle controller, such as ECU 25 of FIG. 1, executes a corresponding set of memory-stored instructions to determine a current clutch mode of an engine disconnect device, such as multi-mode engine-disconnect clutch device 28 of FIGS. 1 and 2. Likewise, process block 107 requires that the vehicle controller contemporaneously determine a complementary or matching clutch mode of the multi-mode clutch device to execute the commanded HEV powertrain operation. A selectable one-way clutch, while generally similar to a one-way clutch in terms of basic operation, is capable of producing a mechanical connection between a driving and a driven member in multiple rotational directions. Also, multi-mode SOWC designs are capable of overrunning in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The data tables presented below correlate different clutch activation modes (labelled Clutch State) with specific operating modes (labelled Powertrain Operations) and corresponding vehicle conditions (labelled Conditions) of the HEV powertrain system of FIG. 1. Specific powertrain elements, namely the ICE assembly 12 and MGU 14, are designed to generate tractive torque in the various operating modes in response to load demands, including an operator torque request. Use of the term EV in a table indicates electric vehicle operationinstances where tractive torque is generated solely by the MGU 14. It may be desirable, for at least some embodiments, that the ICE assembly be in an OFF state or a disconnected state during EV mode; however, such operation state is not per se required.

(26) In accord with the present concepts, the multi-mode engine-disconnect clutch device 28 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is operable, as the name suggests, in several distinct modes: (1) a lock-lock mode, in which the multi-mode clutch device 28 establishes a dual-direction mechanical connection between the engine assembly 12 and both the MGU 14 and transmission 16 such that torque may be transmitted to and from the engine 12; (2) a free-free mode, in which the multi-mode clutch device 28 mechanically disconnects the engine 12 from both the MGU 14 and transmission 16 and thereby prevents the transmission of torque either to or from the engine 12; (3) a lock-free mode, in which the multi-mode clutch device 28 establishes a unilateral downstream flowing mechanical connection between the engine assembly 12 and both the MGU 14 and transmission 16 such that torque may be transmitted from the engine 12, but not to the engine 12; and (4) a free-lock mode, in which the multi-mode clutch device 28 establishes a unilateral upstream flowing mechanical connection between the engine assembly 12 and both the MGU 14 and transmission 16 such that torque may be transmitted to, but not from the engine 12. The lock-lock mode may require the crankshaft 13 of the engine 12, the main shaft 17 of the transmission 16, and/or the motor shaft 29 of the motor 14 be constrained to rotate at the same speed. Conversely, the free-free mode may require that the speed of the engine's crankshaft 13 differ from the speed of the transmission's main shaft 17 and the motor's shaft 29. In the lock-free mode, torque may be transferred from the crankshaft 13 to the main shaft 17 and/or the motor shaft 29 while the respective speeds thereof are approximately equal; the engine-disconnect clutch device 28 overruns when the transmission's main shaft 17 is rotating faster than the engine's crankshaft 13 as opposed to transferring torque in the opposite direction and potentially stalling the engine 12.

(27) Once the current clutch mode of the engine disconnect device is identified (process block 105) and the matching clutch mode for executing the commanded HEV powertrain operation is identified (process block 107), the method 100 ascertains whether the current clutch mode is the same as or is complementary with the matching clutch mode at decision block 109. If the current and matching clutch modes are the same or otherwise compatible (block 109=Y) for executing the commanded HEV powertrain operation, as will be described in further detail below, there is no need to change the operating state of the multi-mode clutch device 28; as such, the method 100 may terminate and loop back to terminal block 101. However, if the current and matching clutch modes are different (block 109=N), the method 100 proceeds to process block 111 with processor-executable instructions for the vehicle controller to transmit one or more command signals to the multi-mode clutch device to switch to the matching clutch mode.

(28) Presented below in Tables 1-4 is a catalogue of representative powertrain operations along with their matching clutch states, corresponding operating conditions, associated vehicle speeds, estimated subsequent actions, and exit clutch commands, if any. The enumerated operations do not constitute an exhaustive or exclusive list; as such, the powertrain operations may comprise greater, fewer, and/or alternative operations to those explicated herein. Moreover, any correlation between a particular powertrain operation and associated vehicle speed, operating condition, etc., are purely demonstrative in nature and, thus, may vary from platform to platform. Table 1 presents four distinct HEV powertrain operations: a Key Crank operation, an MGU Driving operation, an Engine Driving operation, and an MGU Boosting operation. For a Key-Crank operation, sensors may be employed in relation to an ignition column to determine whether a vehicle operator has inserted a key into the ignition switch (key-up) and turned the key (key-crank), or whether an electronic key is detected (key-sense) and a start button is pressed (key-crank). When executing a Key-Crank operation, the engine is initially OFF, and vehicle speed is at or about zero (with the transmission in neutral); the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-lock or the lock-free mode. Upon completion, the clutch may shift into a default mode (e.g., lock-lock); as such, the clutch need not be unloaded to exit.

(29) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 POWERTRAIN OPERATION Key Crank MGU Driving Engine Driving MGU Boosting Clutch State Lock-lock Free-free mode Lock-lock mode Lock-lock (one-way mode (lock- (lock-free optional) (lock-free optional) modes optional) free optional) Conditions Eng initially Eng/Trans disconnect Eng/Trans connect Eng/Trans connect off Key to start (Eng off optional) Eng on Eng on with Motor assist Veh Speeds Zero Max EV KPH All All (transneutral) (e.g., ~<40 KPH) Action for next Default mode Require eng fire Require Clutch Require Clutch Step and sync unload unload Unload clutch N/A N/A Required Required to Exit

(30) With continuing reference to Table 1, the MGU Driving operation is a motor-only or EV driving event which may be optimized by eliminating any potential engine-related interference. To execute the MGU Driving operation: engine output is minimized and, optionally, turned OFF; vehicle speed is at or below about 40 kilometers per hour (KPH); and, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the free-free or lock-free modes such that the engine is operatively disconnected from the transmission and motor. Subsequent operations may require the engine be fired and synced with transmission speed; however, the clutch need not be unloaded to exit the current mode. In contrast to MGU Driving operations, an Engine Driving operation is an engine-only driving event, with the engine in an ON state, properly fueled, firing, and transmitting torque. To execute an Engine Driving operation, the engine is turned ON and/or synced, and the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-lock or the lock-free mode to operatively connect the engine to the transmission. Subsequent operations may require the engine be turned OFF or operatively disconnected from the transmission; as such, the clutch may need to be unloaded to exit the current mode. It may be desirable, for some powertrain operations, to boost the torque output of the engine; an MGU Boosting operation is a motor-boosting, engine-driving event in which the motor output helps to supplement engine output. To execute an MGU Boosting operation, both the engine and the motor are in an ON state, and the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-lock or the lock-free mode such that both the engine and motor are drivingly connected to the transmission. Subsequent operations may require the engine be turned OFF and operatively disconnected from the transmission; as such, the clutch may need to be unloaded to exit the MGU Boosting operation.

(31) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 POWERTRAIN Braking Braking OPERATION (Engine Connect) (Engine Disconnect) Power Upshift Power Downshift Clutch State Default lock-lock Lock-free mode Default lock-lock mode Default lock-lock mode (optional (optional free-free (for inertia phase) mode (optional free-lock mode) mode) lock-free mode) Conditions Eng braking + MGU MGU regen Eng. Driving Eng. Driving regen Veh Speed Max EV KPH/All Max EV KPH All All (e.g., ~<40 KPH) Action for next Require Clutch Require eng fire Step unload and sync Unload clutch Required N/A to Exit

(32) Table 2 presents four additional representative powertrain operations: a Braking (Engine Connect) operation; a Braking (Engine Disconnect) operation, a Power Upshift operation, and a Power Downshift operation. A Braking (Engine Connect) operation may be typified as a regenerative braking event with engine braking capabilities, typically involving vehicle speeds at or above the maximum engine-disconnect (EV) vehicle speed. To execute a Braking (Engine Connect) operation, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into the default lock-lock mode or, optionally, into the free-lock mode such that the engine is operatively connected to the transmission. Subsequent powertrain operations may require the clutch be unloaded to exit this Braking operation. A Braking (Engine Disconnect) operation, by comparison, may be typified as a regenerative braking event without engine braking capabilities, typically involving vehicle speeds below the maximum engine-disconnect (EV) vehicle speed. To execute a Braking (Engine Disconnect) operation, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-free mode or the free-free mode such that the engine is operatively disconnected from the transmission and motor.

(33) During vehicle operation, a multi-mode power transmission will change gears or, more colloquially, shift from a lower gear to a higher gear or from a higher gear to a lower gear. A transmission shift may be defined as a power shift when the gear change is performed while the engine is being commanded to provide a requested torque, such as when driving with an accelerator pedal at least partially depressed. Alternatively, a power-off shift may be typified as a gear change that is performed when the engine is not being commanded to provide a requested torque, such as when the accelerator pedal is released. If the shift is transitioning from a lower gear ratio to a higher gear ratio, then the shift may be labelled as an upshift operation. Analogously, a shift event from a higher gear ratio to a lower gear ratio, such as may occur when the vehicle is decelerating, may be labelled as a downshift operation. Power Upshift and Downshift operations may be executed when the vehicle is travelling at all available speeds. To execute a Power Upshift operation, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into lock-lock mode, e.g., for the inertia phase, such that the engine is drivingly connected to the transmission. If the commanded HEV powertrain operation is a Power Downshift operation, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into the default lock-lock mode or, optionally, into the lock-free mode.

(34) Table 3 presents other representative HEV powertrain operations, including: a Tip In (Engine Disconnect) operation, a Tip In (Engine Connect) operation, a Tip Out (Engine Disconnect) operation, and a Tip Out (Engine Connect) operation. In a typical tip out maneuver, a transmission executes a shift event, e.g., transitioning from a higher gear to a lower gear, when the operator releases or tips out of the accelerator pedal, leading to a closing of the throttle device. A tip in maneuver, on the other hand, occurs when the operator releases the brake pedal and depresses or tips in on the accelerator pedal, leading to an opening of the throttle. To execute a Tip In operation with the engine disconnected, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into the lock-free mode to give the engine an opportunity to get up to speed; the powertrain is then shifted into engine-driving mode. To execute a Tip In operation with the engine connected, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into the lock-lock mode. If the commanded HEV powertrain operation is a Tip Out operation with the engine connected, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-lock or free-lock mode. If the commanded HEV powertrain operation is a Tip Out operation with the engine disconnected, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-free mode or the free-free mode.

(35) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Tip Out POWERTRAIN Tip In Tip In Tip out (Sailing, Engine OPERATION (Engine Disconnect) (Engine Connect) (Engine Connect) Disconnect) Clutch State Lock-free mode Lock-lock mode Lock-lock mode Lock-free mode (for initialization) (free-lock mode (free-free mode option) optional) Conditions MGU driving Engine Driving MGU power does MGU power met not meet power power reserve reserve No Engine braking Veh Speed ~<Max EV Kph All Veh Speed high Veh Speed low Action for next Require eng fire None Lock clutch before engine Require eng fire Step and sync torque decrease, or maintain and sync engine speed to sync clutch, or open TCC and use motor to sync speed Unload clutch No No Motor additional negative No to Exit torque to unload clutch

(36) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Tip-Out-Tip-In POWERTRAIN Tip-In-Tip-Out Tip-In-Tip-Out Tip-Out-Tip-In (Sailing, Engine OPERATION (Engine Disconnect) (Engine Connect) (Engine Connect) Disconnect) Clutch State Lock-free mode Lock-lock mode Lock-lock mode Lock-free mode Conditions MGU driving Engine Driving MGU power does MGU power meets not meet coast coast power reserve power reserve No Engine braking Veh Speed ~<Max EV KPH >Max EV KPH Veh Speed high Veh Speed low Action for next If Speed higher If Speed lower Remain Lock-Lock If Tip in light Step than max EV Speed than max EV and MGU meets power (or within hysteresis (or within hysteresis requirement, remain band) and engine fired band): then Lock-Free Lock-Free Otherwise to sync: then move to Lock mode before engine off Lock-Lock Otherwise keep Lock-Free Otherwise keep Lock-Lock Unload clutch No No Motor additional negative No to Exit torque to unload clutch

(37) With reference next to Table 4, there are shown four additional HEV powertrain operations, including: a Tip-In-Tip-Out (Engine Disconnect) operation, a Tip-In-Tip-Out (Engine Connect) operation, a Tip-Out-Tip-In (Engine Disconnect) operation, and a Tip-Out-Tip-In (Engine Connect) operation. To execute a Tip-In, Tip-Out operation with the engine disconnected, e.g., while the vehicle is travelling under the maximum engine-off (EV) vehicle speed (e.g., about 40 KPH), the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into the lock-free mode to enable EV driving. In contrast, to execute a Tip-In, Tip-Out operation with the engine connected, e.g., while the vehicle is travelling at or above max EV speed, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into the lock-lock mode to enable engine-only driving. If the commanded HEV powertrain operation is a Tip-Out, Tip-In operation with the engine connected, e.g., while the vehicle is traveling at high vehicle speeds, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-lock mode or the free-lock mode. If, however, the commanded HEV powertrain operation is a Tip-Out, Tip-In (or sailing) operation with the engine disconnected, e.g., while the vehicle is traveling at low vehicle speeds, the engine-disconnect clutch is shifted into either the lock-free mode or the free-free mode.

(38) FIG. 4 illustrates a representative method 200 for controlling operation of a hybrid electric vehicle to help facilitate seamless unloading of an engine-disconnect SOWC during a coasting event. The illustrated flow chart may be applied for all torque converter clutch (TCC) operating states (e.g., open, lock, electronically controlled capacity clutch (ECCC) modes, etc.), with the associated motor torque and brake torque commands being calibrated with each TCC state. In a similar regard, FIG. 5 illustrates a representative method 300 for controlling operation of an HEV to help effectuate seamless unloading of an engine-disconnect SOWC during a regenerative braking event. By emulating engine drag through the motor after engine disconnect, the system helps to ensure a quick transition from a transmission neutral state (during engine disconnect) to a gear state through active turbine speed matching. Mechanical brake fill in during transmission neutral state may be employed to emulate engine drag. As a non-limiting example, during a clutch disconnect maneuver, e.g., when the transmission is in neutral, the vehicle's electronic brake control module (EBCM) may emit a command signal to one or more brake system components (e.g., the brake fluid pumps that fill the calipers for slowing the road wheel) to generate a braking torque that will emulate engine drag torque. This braking torque will be blended in as the engine is disconnected to enable a smooth transition and ensure that this part of the maneuver is not perceived as a disturbance by the vehicle occupant or occupants.

(39) At process blocks 201 and 301 of FIGS. 4 and 5, the hybrid powertrain operating system (HOS) initializes a protocol to unload and disconnect a SOWC in a HEV powertrain, e.g., in response to one or more driver inputs. For method 200, process block 201 may be responsive to a determination that a vehicle coasting event has been initiated, e.g., via sensor signals indicating both the accelerator and brake pedals have been released while the vehicle is traveling at or above a minimum calibrated vehicle speed (e.g., 20 KPH). Contrastingly, process block 301 may be executed in response to a determination that a vehicle regenerative braking event has been initiated, e.g., via sensors signals indicating the accelerator has been released and the brake pedal is depressed for at least a minimum calibrated brake time (e.g., approximately 5 seconds). Methods 200, 300 then continue to process blocks 203 and 303, respectively, with executable instructions, e.g., for the vehicle PCM, to issue command signals for the transmission to shift into a neutral state, and executable instructions, e.g., for the EBCM, to issue command signals to adjust wheel braking torque to maintain vehicle deceleration. As each method 200, 300 executes these respective steps, the transmission is shifted into neutral, engine fuel is reduced or cut, and transmission speed is slowed. By shifting the transmission into neutral, the turbine speed of the torque converter may begin to decrease at an accelerated rate relative to the axle speed of the vehicle, which is downstream of the transmission. Process blocks 205 and 305 of FIGS. 4 and 5 similarly include instructions, e.g., for the PCM, to issue command signals to the motor to generate sufficient motor torque to unload the SOWC. Motor operation is governed to provide a torque pulse such that the driveline side of the SOWC experiences a larger negative torque than the engine side of the SOWC, which experiences negative torque from engine compression and friction. In so doing, the engine side of the SOWC has the appearance or feel of being unloaded such that the actuator can open the SOWC.

(40) At decision blocks 207 and 307, the PCM or other vehicle controller or control module determines whether or not the SOWC has been successfully opened. If not (block 207=N; block 307=N), each method 200, 300 may loop back and repeat process block 205, 305 until the clutch is operatively opened. Once the system confirms that the SOWC has indeed opened (block 207=Y; block 307=Y) such that the clutch has dropped the engine, e.g., by comparing engine speed to the motor speed and/or trans pump speed, the methods 200, 300 proceed to process blocks 209 and 309, respectively, with instructions to output corresponding command signals for the MGU to generate sufficient motor torque to match TC turbine speed to transmission-output driveline speed. In effect, the MGU may be employed as an actuator to drive the TC pump to a higher speed until the turbine speed matches the axle speed with the gear multiplication.

(41) Upon completion of the operation or operations associated with process blocks 209, 309 of FIGS. 4 and 5, the methods 200, 300 ascertain whether or not the turbine speed sufficiently corresponds to the transmission output speed at decision blocks 211 and 311, respectively. If the driveline and torque converter speeds are not within a calibrated minimum speed differential (block 211=N; block 311=N), each method 200, 300 may loop back and repeat operation block 209, 309 until the speeds sufficiently match. Once the powertrain control system confirms that the TC turbine and transmission output speeds match (block 211=Y; block 311=Y), the transmission is put back into gear, and the output motor torque of the MGU and mechanical braking torque generated by the vehicle brake system are adjusted to emulate engine drag at process blocks 213 and 313, respectively. By way of example, and not limitation, after the transmission is shifted back into gear, brake torque will be blended out and the motor's negative (braking) torque will be blended in to help emulate engine drag. For method 200, this enables the TPIM and BPCM to capture regen energy for charging the traction battery pack while the vehicle is coasting. For method 300, the vehicle is executing a mechanical braking event, e.g., the driver is depressing the brake pedal, both motor and mechanical braking torque may be adjusted to maximize the regen energy captured for the battery pack such that total torque meets the driver brake pedal request.

(42) It may be desirable, for at least some applications, to govern motor torque to achieve a net zero torque at the engine-side of the SOWC with an open TCC. The following equation may be used to calculate motor torque command to emulate engine drag (e.g., for process block 213):

(43) $T_{\mathrm{motor}}=(T_{\mathrm{eng},\mathrm{friction}}^{.Math.}\left(\frac{w_{\mathrm{mot}}}{{\mathrm{gear}}_{\left(\mathrm{pump},\mathrm{mot}\right)}}+J_{\mathrm{pump}}.Math.{\stackrel{.}{w}}_{\mathrm{mot}}\right)\frac{1}{{\mathrm{gear}}_{\left(\mathrm{pump},\mathrm{mot}\right)}}+J_{\mathrm{mot}}.Math.{\stackrel{.}{w}}_{\mathrm{mot}}+\mathrm{.Math.}+\mathrm{PI}\left({\stackrel{.}{V}}_{\mathrm{veh}-\mathrm{desired}},{\stackrel{.}{V}}_{\mathrm{veh}}\right)$

(44) where T.sub.motor is an emulation motor torque; w.sub.mot is a motor speed; and J.sub.mot is a motor inertia; J.sub.pump is a torque converter pump inertia. In addition, T.sub.eng, friction is an estimated engine friction torque based on a look-up table as a function of motor speed and gear ratio, and V.sub.veh,-desired is a vehicle speed before the transmission is shifted into neutral, e.g., at block 203. PI(V.sub.veh-desired,V.sub.veh) is a PI controller based on latched vehicle acceleration before a maneuver starts and current vehicle acceleration, functioning as a feedback term to calculate motor torque command.

(45) The above-mentioned maneuver to unload the Selectable OWC as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 may also be accomplished by firing the engine, instead of using the electrical machine. In this method, for example, the engine (which is in a DFCO state) may be fired to overcome its own drag torque on the engine side of the SOWC. As the engine is used to overcome its drag torque, the SOWC may be unloaded on the engine side, and then can be opened by the actuator. The motor and the mechanical brakes may be used to maintain the perception of engine drag (-ve acceleration) as the engine is disconnected from the drive train.

(46) Aspects of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments; those skilled in the art will recognize, however, that many modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein; any and all modifications, changes, and variations apparent from the foregoing descriptions are within the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the present concepts expressly include any and all combinations and subcombinations of the preceding elements and features.