REDUCED BULK ACOUSTIC TREATMENT PANEL FOR A TURBOJET ENGINE

Abstract

An acoustic treatment panel including acoustic absorption cells each comprising a bottom wall, a porous inlet wall, an enclosure extending in an axial direction between the bottom wall and the inlet wall, and a first acoustic horn extending inside the enclosure between a first opening and a second opening that is smaller than said first opening, the first opening facing said inlet wall. Each cell comprises a second horn extending inside the enclosure in the first axial direction between a first opening of the second horn and a second opening of the second horn that is smaller than said first opening.

Claims

1. An acoustic absorption cell comprising an acoustically opaque bottom wall an acoustically porous inlet wall, an enclosure extending in an axial direction between a first axial end integral with the bottom wall and a second axial end integral with the inlet wall, and a first acoustic horn extending inside the enclosure between a first opening of the first horn and a second opening of the first horn that is smaller than said first opening of the first horn facing said inlet wall, wherein comprises at least one second horn extending inside the enclosure between a first opening of the second horn and a second opening of the second horn that is smaller than said first opening of the second horn, the second opening of the second horn being arranged facing said bottom wall, and either the first opening of the second horn is arranged facing the second opening of the first horn, or the first horn and the second horn are coaxial and the first horn is inserted at least partially in the second horn.

2. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure extends between the bottom wall and the inlet wall while forming a nonzero inclination angle not orthogonal with the inlet wall, on the one hand, and with the bottom wall, on the other hand.

3. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the second opening of the first horn is equal to the cross section of the second opening of the second horn, and the ratio between the cross section of the enclosure at its second end and the cross section of the second opening of the first horn is comprised between 2 and 100.

4. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the first opening and the second opening of the first horn in the axial direction is equal to the distance between the first opening and the second opening of the second horn in the axial direction, and the ratio between the distance between the first opening and the second opening of the first horn in the axial direction and the height of the enclosure measured in the axial direction between its first end and its second end is comprised between 0.2 and 0.6.

5. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, wherein at its first opening the first horn forms a first opening angle with a plane parallel with the inlet wall of the cell and, at its first opening the second horn forms a second opening angle with a plane parallel with the inlet wall of the cell.

6. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 5, wherein the second opening angle is identical to the first opening angle.

7. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, wherein the first horn and the second horn have identical shapes and dimensions, the first horn and the second horn each comprising a cylindrical portion with a cross section equal to the cross section of their second opening, the ratio between the length of the cylindrical portion in the axial direction and the length of the horn in the axial direction being less than or equal to 0.8.

8. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, comprising at least one porous internal wall extending inside the enclosure and over the first opening of one of the horns.

9. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 8, wherein the internal wall is parallel to said inlet wall.

10. The acoustic absorption cell according to claim 1, wherein the first horn comprises a portion having a continuous non-straight slope extending from its first opening, and the second horn-comprises a portion having a continuous non-straight slope extending from its first opening.

11. An acoustic treatment panel intended to be arranged over at least one wall of an aircraft in contact with a fluid flow, the panel comprising a plurality of acoustic absorption cells according to claim 1.

12. A turbomachine intended to be mounted on an aircraft, the turbomachine comprising at least one acoustic treatment panel according to claim 11.

13. An aircraft comprising at least one turbomachine according to claim 12.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The invention will be better understood upon reading what follows, by way of indication but without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

[0053] FIG. 1 shows a section view of a turbojet according to one embodiment of the invention, in a longitudinal plane of the turbojet.

[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates a partial perspective view of an acoustic treatment panel according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0055] FIG. 3 shows schematically a perspective view of an acoustic absorption cell according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0056] FIG. 4 shows schematically a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0057] FIG. 5 shows graphically the evolution of the coefficient of absorption as a function of the frequency of the sound wave in Hertz in two different configurations of the acoustic absorption cell.

[0058] FIG. 6 illustrates schematically a perspective view of an acoustic absorption cell according to a second embodiment of the invention.

[0059] FIG. 7 illustrates a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells according to a third embodiment of the invention.

[0060] FIG. 8 illustrates a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0061] FIG. 9 illustrates a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0062] Shown in FIG. 1 is a section view of a turbojet 1 according to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, in a longitudinal plane of the turbojet 1.

[0063] The turbojet 1 comprises a nacelle 2, an intermediate casing 3 and an internal casing 4. The nacelle 2 and the two casings 3 and 4 are coaxial. The nacelle 2 defines, at a first end, an inlet channel 5 of a fluid flow and, at a second end opposite to the first end, an exhaust channel 6 of a fluid flow. The nacelle 2 and the intermediate casing 3 delimit between them a fluid flow primary stream 7. The intermediate casing 3 and the internal casing 4 delimit between them a fluid flow secondary stream 8. The primary stream 7 and the secondary stream 8 are arranged in an axial direction of the turbojet, between the inlet channel 5 and the exhaust channel 6.

[0064] The turbojet 1 also comprises a fan 9 configured to deliver a flow of air F as fluid flow, the air flow F being divided at the outlet of the fan into a primary flow F.sub.P circulating in the primary stream 7, and a secondary flow F.sub.S circulating in the secondary stream 8.

[0065] The turbojet 1 also comprises at least one acoustic treatment panel 10 configured to attenuate acoustic waves emitted by the turbojet 1 before these waves escape radially to the outside from the nacelle 2 of the turbojet 1. In the case of a non-ducted turbomachine, the acoustic treatment would be configured to attenuate or limit refractions of the acoustic waves radiated by the propellers.

[0066] Each acoustic treatment panel 10 is configured to attenuate acoustic waves, the frequency of which belongs to a predetermined range of frequencies. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the acoustic treatment panels 10 are integrated into the nacelle 2, into the intermediate casing 3 and into the internal casing 4. In the internal casing 4, the acoustic treatment panels 10 are integrated, on the one hand, into the portion upstream of the intermediate casing 3 in the axial direction and in particular into the portion bearing the fan 9 and, on the other hand, into the portion downstream of the intermediate casing 3.

[0067] Shown in FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of an acoustic treatment panel 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0068] With reference to FIG. 2, the acoustic treatment panel 10 includes a core 12, a reflecting layer or wall 14 and an inlet layer or wall 16.

[0069] The core 12 has a honeycomb structure. More precisely, the core 12 includes a plurality of acoustic cells 18, or recesses, arranged in a known honeycomb structure.

[0070] Each recess 18 leads to a first face 121 of the core 12 and to a second face 122 of the core 18 located opposite to the first face 121.

[0071] The first face 121 of the core 12 is intended to be oriented toward the primary 7 or secondary 8 air flow stream depending on the placement of the acoustic treatment panel 10. The second face 122 of the core 12 is intended to be oriented opposite to the air stream.

[0072] Depending on the embodiment, the core 12 can be made of metal or of a composite material such as a composite material formed from carbon fibers embedded in a hardened resin matrix.

[0073] The reflecting layer 14 is suitable for reflecting acoustic waves having a frequency belonging to the predetermined range of frequencies.

[0074] The reflecting layer 14 extends facing the second face 122 of the core 12, while being in contact with the second face 122. More precisely, the reflecting layer 14 is integral with the second face 122 of the core 12, glued for example to the second face 122 of the core 12.

[0075] Depending on the embodiment, the reflecting layer 14 can be made of metal or of a composite material such as a composite material formed from carbon fibers embedded in a hardened resin matrix. In one variant, the layer forming the bottom of the recesses 18 can be non-reflecting.

[0076] The inlet layer 16 extends facing the first face 121 of the core 12, while being in contact with the first face 121. More precisely, the inlet layer 16 is integral with the first face 121 of the core 12, glued for example to the first face 121 of the core 12.

[0077] The inlet layer 16 is a single-piece perforated plate comprising a plurality of openings 20 passing through the inlet layer 16 from the first face 161 to the second face 162 of the inlet layer 16. Each opening 20 leads to a recess 18 of the core 12, several openings 20 being able to lead into the same recess 18.

[0078] Illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an acoustic absorption cell 18 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0079] The recess 18 comprises an acoustically opaque bottom wall 180, an acoustically porous inlet wall 181, and a cylindrical enclosure 185 with a hexagonal base extending between the bottom wall 180 and the inlet wall 181.

[0080] The bottom wall 180 is formed by a reflecting layer 14 of the acoustic treatment panel 10, while the inlet wall 181 is formed by the inlet layer 16 of the acoustic treatment panel 10.

[0081] The cylinder formed by the enclosure 185 defines an axial direction D.sub.A corresponding to the direction of the generators of the cylinder. In addition, depending on the embodiment, the base of the cylinder formed by the enclosure 185 can have a shape other than hexagonal. The base can be triangular or quadrilateral or circular or polygonal for example.

[0082] In the axial direction D.sub.A, the enclosure 185 comprises a first axial end 1850 integral with the bottom 180, and a second axial end 1855 integral with the inlet wall 181.

[0083] Each recess 18 of the acoustic treatment panel 10 also comprises two acoustic horns 30 and 40 inside the enclosure 185. The first horn 30 extends in the axial direction D.sub.A, between a first opening 31 and a second opening 32, the second opening 32 being smaller than the first opening 31. Likewise, the second acoustic horn 40 extends in the axial direction D.sub.A between a first opening 41 and a second opening 42, the second opening 42 being smaller than the first opening 41.

[0084] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the first horn 30 and the second horn 40 are aligned in the axial direction D.sub.A. More particularly, the first opening 31 of the first horn 30 faces the inlet wall 181, the second opening 32 of the first horn 30 and the first opening 41 of the second horn 40 face one another, even in the same plane, and the second opening 42 of the second horn 40 faces the bottom wall 180.

[0085] Shown schematically in FIG. 4 is a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells 18 according to the first embodiment of the invention.

[0086] As illustrated in FIG. 4, each recess comprises a cross section having a first equivalent diameter D and height H, the height H being measured in the axial direction D.sub.A, and the first equivalent diameter D being measured in the plane in which the inlet wall 181 extends, and corresponding to the diameter of the circumscribed circle at the base of the cylinder formed by the enclosure 185.

[0087] The first opening 31 of the first horn 30 and the first opening 41 of the second horn 40 each have an equivalent diameter equal to the first equivalent diameter D of the recess 18. The second opening 32 of the first horn 30 and the second opening 42 of the second horn 40 have the same equivalent diameter, which is equal to a second equivalent diameter d.

[0088] The first horn 30 has a length equal to the length of the second horn 40. The length L of each of the two horns 30 and 40 is measured in the same direction as the height H of the recess 18, in this case the axial direction D.sub.A.

[0089] The first opening 31 of the first horn 30 extends in a plane parallel to the first opening 41 of the second horn 40. From its first opening 31, the first horn 30 extends in a direction forming a first opening angle ?.sub.1. Likewise, from its first opening 41, the second horn 40 extends in a direction forming a second opening angle ?.sub.2. The first opening angle ?.sub.1 and the second opening angle ?.sub.2 are equal and are comprised between 60? and 90?

[0090] The ratio between the first equivalent diameter D and the second equivalent diameter d varies between 2 and 100. The ratio between the length of a horn 30 or 40 and the height H of the recess 18 varies between 0.2 and 0.6.

[0091] For example, an acoustic treatment panel 10 comprising recesses 18 according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 with a height H of 80 mm, a first equivalent diameter D of 19 mm, a horn length L of 35 mm, and a second equivalent diameter d of 6 mm, can allow obtaining two attenuation peaks centered approximately around 300 Hz and 750 Hz as illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0092] FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the absorption coefficient as a function of the frequency of the sound wave in Hertz in a first case of an acoustic treatment cell with a single horn inside the enclosure, and in a second case of an acoustic absorption cell comprising two horns inside the enclosure according to the first embodiment of the invention.

[0093] In addition, as appears in FIG. 4, the first horn 30 comprises a portion having a continuous, non-straight slope extending from its first opening 31, and the second horn 40 comprises a portion having a continuous non-straight slope extending from its first opening 41.

[0094] In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the acoustic treatment panel 10 can comprise, for each cell, an internal septum formed by a porous internal wall 183 extending inside the enclosure 185 and at the first opening 41 of the second horn 40.

[0095] Illustrated schematically in FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an acoustic absorption cell 18 according to a second embodiment of the invention.

[0096] The second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 in that the axial direction D.sub.A in which the generators of the cylinder formed by the enclosure 185 extend is not orthogonal to the planes in which the bottom wall 180 and the inlet wall 181 respectively extend.

[0097] The axial direction D.sub.A in which the wall 185 extends forms an inclination angle ? with the inlet 181 and bottom 180 walls, the inlet wall 181 and the bottom wall 180 extending parallel to one another.

[0098] The inclination angle ? varies between 0? and 60?. This angle allows increasing the volume of the cavity inside the enclosure without increasing the distance separating the inlet wall 181 and the bottom wall 180, this distance being measured in a direction orthogonal to the planes in which the bottom and inlet walls extend.

[0099] In addition, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the first openings 31 and 41 and the second openings 32 and 42 of the first and second horns 30 and 40 extend in planes that are not parallel to the planes in which the inlet wall 181 and the bottom wall 180 extend.

[0100] In one variant, the first horn 30 and the second horn 40 can comprise surfaces provided with nonzero roughness to increase viscoelastic friction and thus increase acoustic absorption.

[0101] Shown schematically in FIG. 7 is a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells 18 according to the third embodiment of the invention.

[0102] The third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 in that its acoustic cells 18 do not comprise an internal porous wall (or septum) 183 between the two horns, and in that, for each cell 18, the first horn 30 is inserted partially into the second horn 40. The second opening 32 of the first horn 30 is thus arranged, in the axial direction D.sub.A, between the first opening 41 of the second horn 40 and the second opening 42 of the second horn 40.

[0103] This third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 allows having an acoustic treatment panel that is more compact than the panel according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4.

[0104] Shown schematically in FIG. 8 is a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells 18 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0105] The fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 in that each acoustic cell 18 comprises at least one third horn 50 extending in the axial direction D.sub.A between a first opening 51 and a second opening 52, and in that the first horn 30 and the second horn 40 of each cell 18 are set side by side in two directions parallel to the axial direction D.sub.A and leading via their respective second openings 32 and 42 to the first opening 51 of the third horn 50, the second opening 52 of the third horn 50 being arranged facing the bottom wall 180.

[0106] In one variant, more than two horns set side by side or in the same direction, can lead into the same horn arranged between the bottom wall 180 and said three or more horns.

[0107] Shown schematically in FIG. 9 is a section view of a plurality of acoustic absorption cells 18 according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.

[0108] The acoustic cells 18 of the fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9 differ from the acoustic cells illustrated in FIG. 6 in that the first and second openings 31 and 32, and 41 and 42, of each horn 30 and 40 extend parallel to the entry wall 181 and the bottom wall 180.

[0109] The invention thus allows supplying an acoustic absorption cell for the absorption of sound waves at low frequencies with a reduced cavity height and the frequency range of which can be modulated as needed.