Abstract
A turning plowing device 1 with blade-like cutting elements 3 situated on both sides of a plow beam 2 is provided, in which at least one first cutting element 4 on one side, having a hollow disc-like design, is provided. This first cutting element 4 is swivelably arranged, and may be swiveled from a first position on a first side of the plow beam 2 into a second position. In the first position, the second cutting element 3 is associated with a respective first cutting element 4 in such a way that a complete module made up of these two cutting elements is formed. A row of second cutting elements 3 formed at the plow beam 2 represents semi-modules, which likewise form a complete module only after the respective first cutting elements 4 swivel into the corresponding working position. Plowing takes place only using a formed complete module. For this purpose, after the plowing of a furrow in the first direction, the plow and the first cutting element 4 having a hollow disc-like design are turned in such a way that during back-plowing in a plowing direction 5 opposite the previous direction, plowing may be carried out with identical angles. For this purpose, after the swivel arm 6 together with the first cutting element 4 is swiveled with respect to the cutting element 3 and the turning plowing device is turned by 180?, the plow rotates in a manner of speaking, so that an identical plow pattern may be created in the opposite direction.
Claims
1. A turning plowing device with blade-like cutting elements situated on both sides of a plow beam, comprising: at least one first cutting element on one side, having a hollow disc-like design, having an adjustable cutting angle, is swiveled from a first position on a first side of the plow beam, in which the first cutting element is situated with respect to the blade-like second cutting elements, having an adjustable setting angle, in such a way that in each case a second cutting element and the first cutting element together form a complete module for plowing in a plowing direction, into a second position, on a second side opposite from the first side of the plow beam, by means of a swivel arm, in which the second cutting element as a semi-module in each case forms a complete module after the first cutting element is swiveled around, the complete module on the second side being turnable toward the ground in such a way that for a reverse plowing direction opposite the plowing direction, the ground is plowable with the same camber angle and cutting angle of the first cutting element.
2. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, comprising multiple hollow disc-like first cutting elements connected to one another via a rod assembly [[(8)]], and at the same time are swivelable from the first position into the second position by means of the respective swivel arm.
3. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, comprising multiple hollow disc-like first cutting elements individually swivelable by equal angles from the first position into the second position by means of respective hydraulic cylinders.
4. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting element is designed in such a way that when it is moved in the plowing direction, a side area of a soil ridge is cuttable from the ground, and the second cutting element is designed in such a way that due to its movement in the plowing direction a base area of the soil ridge is cuttable, the first cutting elements which are swivelable from the first side of the plow beam to the second side having equal cutting angles and camber angles in both the first position and the second position, and for turning by 180? the plow beam being rotatable about a plow tower turning unit.
5. The turning plowing device according to claim 4, wherein during swiveling of 77.3? by the swivel arms from the first position into the second position or vice versa, the cutting angle and the camber angle are equal.
6. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein the swivel arm is lockable in a desired position.
7. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein the blade-like second cutting elements are adjustable at the plow beam with regard to their cutting angle for penetration depth control, in particular by means of hydraulic actuators.
8. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein the blade-like second cutting elements are fastened to the plow beam and are mechanically adjustable with regard to their cutting angle for penetration depth control, in particular via a perforated plate with shear bolts.
9. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting elements are swivelable in a first swivel direction by 270? to 300? about a swivel axis, or in a second swivel direction opposite the first swivel direction are swivelable by 80? to 100?, the swivel axis being situated at 90? with respect to the pull line of the plowing device.
10. The turning plowing device according to claim 9, wherein the hollow disc-like first cutting elements are swivelable in a plane.
11. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting elements are swivelable via a swivel lever and are lockable in the respective position.
12. The turning plowing device according to claim 1, wherein a second cutting element is situated behind only every other first cutting element.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Further advantages, features, and application options of the invention are now explained based on exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings. In the drawings:
[0023] FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the turning plowing device according to the invention, with hollow disc-shaped cutting elements that are swivelably connected via a rod assembly;
[0024] FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment, with hollow disc-like cutting that are individually swivelably arranged via hydraulic cylinders;
[0025] FIG. 3 shows a side view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, with swiveling of the hollow disc-shaped cutting elements from their first position into the second position;
[0026] FIG. 4 shows a basic representation of a hollow disc-like cutting element that is swivelably arranged at the plow beam by means of a hydraulic cylinder;
[0027] FIG. 5 shows a basic arrangement of the hollow disc-like cutting element according to FIG. 4, but with the hydraulic cylinder extended for swiveling;
[0028] FIG. 6 shows a basic three-dimensional representation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, but with the first cutting elements omitted to simplify the illustration;
[0029] FIG. 7 shows a basic representation of the arrangement of the hollow disc-like cutting element, with adjustment via a hydraulic cylinder and with a cutting angle that is adjustable via a perforated plate;
[0030] FIGS. 8a), b), c) show the basic representation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 in three views, with various phases of the swiveling of the hollow disc-like cutting elements, which takes place by means of the hydraulic cylinder, with the second cutting elements omitted in the drawing;
[0031] FIG. 9 shows a view of the turning plowing device according to the invention, viewed in the direction of the pull line for a swiveling option of the hollow disc-like cutting elements according to the first exemplary embodiment, with the second cutting elements omitted in the drawing;
[0032] FIG. 10a) shows two views of a hollow disc-like cutting element according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 in its working position, in a side view and in a top view;
[0033] FIG. 10b) shows a hollow disc-like cutting element according to the second exemplary embodiment in the neutral position;
[0034] FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment with two hollow disc-like cutting elements arranged one behind the other, with which a single first cutting element is associated; and
[0035] FIG. 12 shows a commercially available duckfoot tine which is provided instead of the second cutting element shown in FIG. 11, with cutting blades extending in two directions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] FIG. 1 shows a turning plowing device 1 according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment. Provided at the plow beam 2 on both sides, i.e., directed upwardly and downwardly, are four blade-like second cutting elements 3, also referred to as semi-modules, since a second cutting element 4 is not permanently associated with them.
[0037] The turning plowing device 1 is connected to a towing vehicle via a plow tower turning unit 13, and is pulled by the towing vehicle in the plowing direction 5, indicated by the arrow in the drawing, below the plow tower turning unit 13. The plow tower turning unit also drives the rod assembly 8, which during a pulling or pushing movement swivels the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4, by means of a swivel arm 6, about a swivel axis 14 from a first position, which in the illustrated example is the working position of the turning plowing device 1, into a second position, not illustrated. In the first position, the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 thus makes a particular blade-like second cutting element 3 into a complete module from a semi-module. When the swivel arm 6 swivels the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 about the swivel axis 14 and into the second position by moving the rod assembly 8, according to the illustration in FIG. 1 the particular upper blade-like second cutting element 3, together with the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 that is swiveled into the second position, is likewise made into a complete module from a semi-module.
[0038] This means that the turning plowing device 1 according to the invention, in contrast to a normal turning plow with complete modules extending at both sides of the plow beam, merely has a simple arrangement of hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4, which is always swiveled with respect to the row of blade-like second cutting elements 3 that is provided specifically for plowing. The double-row arrangement of first and second cutting elements 3, 4 on both sides of the plow beam 2, which is common for a conventional turning plow, is thus dispensed with. It is thus possible to achieve significant material and weight savings for the turning plowing device 1 according to the invention compared to conventional plows, so that for this reason as well, a lighter plow also requires less traction. This also entails further fuel savings as well as CO.sub.2 reductions. The overall environmental balance of this type of plow is therefore greatly improved over conventional turning plows, especially conventional moldboard plows.
[0039] The turning plowing device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is shown in a position in which it is still above the ground 7 to be plowed, which is indicated schematically. The plow beam 2 is swiveled out of the pull line in the pulling direction by a so-called bar angle. The respective swivel arm 6 for the particular hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 is supported on the plow beam 2 by means of a bearing block 17, which is provided via an inclined plane, so that the angle of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 is in each case optimally adjusted to the pull line. For carrying out the turning of the turning plowing device 1, provided at the plow tower turning unit 13 is a turning hydraulic cylinder 16 by means of which the plow modules are rotated by 180?, so that the row of blade-like second cutting elements 3 illustrated in FIG. 1, situated at the plow beam 2 at the top, may be swiveled downwardly and pointing to the ground 7, and the hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 are subsequently swiveled with respect to the blade-like second cutting elements 3 pointing toward the ground 7, via the rod assembly 8.
[0040] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the blade-like second cutting elements 3, referred to as undercutting tools, are fixedly mounted. However, they are variably adjustable by means of perforated discs, not illustrated, to allow, for example, their setting angle and thus the soil penetration force to be adjusted, in particular as a function of different soil qualities.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment that basically corresponds to the design from FIG. 1, except that instead of a rod assembly in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, [in] the turning plowing device 1 according to the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, for each individual hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 a hydraulic cylinder 9 is provided as an actuator for swiveling the first cutting element from 35 the first position into the second position. From the illustrated first position, which according to FIG. 2 is the working position, and in which the first cutting element 4 together with the second cutting element 3 forms a respective complete module, swiveling individually takes place into the second working position, so that the upper row of second cutting elements 3, illustrated in the drawing, together with the first cutting element 4 once again form complete modules, which are swiveled into this working position by swiveling the turning plowing device 1 via the plow tower turning unit 13 by means of a corresponding turning hydraulic cylinder 16 when, for example, the turning plowing device 1, after plowing a furrow in the plowing direction 5, is to be turned for the furrow in the opposite direction. This swiveling of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 is achieved via the respective hydraulic cylinders 9 within the scope of the swivel range 15 illustrated by the circular double arrow. The hydraulic cylinders 9 associated with the respective first cutting elements 4 may be individually swiveled; however, before starting the plowing they must be coordinated with one another so that they operate with the same camber angle and cutting angle settings. The individual hydraulic cylinders 9 are therefore preferably synchronized with one another with regard to their function that achieves the swiveling of the first cutting element 4.
[0042] The hollow disc-like first cutting elements are thus vertically rotatably supported via the respective swivel arms 6. In a predefined area, the swivel axes at the plow beam 2 are now situated in such a way that the swivel arm 6 is vertically swivelable. The hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 with their respective swivel arm mechanism thus describe a defined swivel path during swiveling, and at a defined position, i.e., the first position or the second position, relative to the undercutting tool, i.e., the blade-like second cutting element 3, are combined to form a functional module assembly, i.e., a complete module. The cutting angles 24 necessary for the hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 are set in a horizontal position, a so-called neutral position, parallel to the plow beam 2. The camber angle of the respective hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 is set in the course of the swivel operation over the swivel range 15 of 0? to 80?, for example, in particular relative to the horizontal starting position complementary thereto.
[0043] A significant advantage of the invention is that the working position with regard to the cutting angle and camber angle may be reached without subsequent correction of the disc angle (camber angle). It is thus possible to dispense with an additional swivel axis for setting correct cutting angles and camber angles. The designs and functions of the other components, denoted by the corresponding reference numerals, correspond to those already discussed in the description of FIG. 1, and therefore are not repeated here.
[0044] FIG. 3 illustrates the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 in which, however, starting from the first position, i.e., a first working position, via swiveling about the swivel range 15 the hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 are swiveled into the second position in which, together with the second, upper row of blade-like second cutting elements 3 in the position then swiveled into, once again form a respective complete module. The swiveling into the second position is denoted by swivel arms 6 depicted by dashed lines. The rod assembly 8 during swiveling of the first cutting element 4 into this second position is likewise illustrated by dashed lines. The basic design and function correspond to those in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2; according to FIG. 2, instead of the rod assembly a respective hydraulic cylinder 9 is situated at each hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 or its swivel arm 6.
[0045] FIG. 4 illustrates a detail of the basic arrangement of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4, together with the inclination of the rotational axis of the first cutting element or the deflection of the plow beam 2 with regard to the pulling direction. For this purpose, the bearing for the swivel arm 6 is swivelable for swiveling the first cutting element 4 from the first position into the second position, i.e., from a first working position for a forward furrow into the second working position, including the turning of the turning plowing device 1 for the reverse furrow. For this purpose, the bearing block 17 has the corresponding inclination of the plow beam 2 of approximately 20?, as illustrated. The adjustment of the swivel arm 6 for swiveling the first cutting element 4 from the first position takes place using the hydraulic cylinder 9. The swivel arm 6 in its longitudinal orientation is aligned in parallel with the pulling direction, so that during swiveling of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 it is moved in a plane in which the swivel movement of the swivel arm 6 lies.
[0046] FIG. 5 shows the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, i.e., with a hydraulic cylinder 9 for achieving the swivel movement of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4. It is illustrated in FIG. 5 that the hydraulic cylinder 9 is extended compared to the illustration according to FIG. 4; i.e., the first cutting element 4 has been swiveled into the second working position, opposite the first working position. In addition, it is illustrated in FIG. 5 that the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 not only has a defined cutting angle, but is also set to a defined camber angle.
[0047] FIG. 6 shows a three-dimensional illustration of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, namely, with an adjustment of the swivel arms 6 for the hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 by means of respective hydraulic cylinders 9. This means that each swivel arm 6 of the hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 9, which on one side is fastened to the swivel arm 6, and on the opposite side is fastened to the plow beam 2. Situated at the end of the turning plowing device 1 on the vehicle side is a plow tower turning unit 13, by means of which the turning plowing device 1 is rotatable by 180? via a hydraulic actuator 16 when a reverse furrow is to be plowed, so that a uniform plow pattern occurs, not an embankment formation or an empty furrow. The blade-like second cutting elements 3 are omitted in the illustration for the sake of simplicity. Depending on the swivel position, i.e., whether the particular hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 are in the first working position or in the second working position, according to their swivel position, either from the semi-module of the lower row of blade-like second cutting elements 3 or the top row of these second cutting elements 3, together with the first cutting element 4 make a complete module. Therefore, in contrast to the requirement with a conventional turning plow, only one set of hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 is provided, which is swivelable with respect to the respective second cutting elements 3, and after swiveling has taken place, in each case then creates a complete module from a semi-module. In order for the plane in which the swivel arms 6 rotate during their swiveling to be parallel to the pulling direction, each swivel arm 6 with its swivel axis is fastened to a bearing block 17 that is articulated at the plow beam 2 and that has a bevel whose angle is identical to the deflection of the plow beam 2 with respect to the pulling direction.
[0048] FIG. 7 shows a basic illustration of an arrangement of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 at the turning plow device 1. The swiveling of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 takes place via a hydraulic cylinder 9 according to the second exemplary embodiment (see FIG. 2). The swivel arm 6 at one end is connected to the bearing block 17, via which the swivel axis is achieved. The hydraulic cylinder 9, which at its opposite end is connected to the plow beam 2, is fastened between the swivel axis 14, situated at one end of the swivel arm 6, and the mounting of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 at its other end. A perforated plate element 18 for additional adjustment of the cutting angle 24 of the first cutting element 4 is provided at the end of the swivel arm 6 to which the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 is fastened. The adjustment of the cutting angle 24 to changed soil conditions, for example, may be made by fastening a bolt into holes in the perforated plate which achieve a particular swivel angle.
[0049] FIG. 8 shows a view opposite the pulling direction (a), a side view (b), and a top view (c) according to the three-dimensional illustration in FIG. 6. Here as well, the blade-like second cutting elements 3, which based on the illustration according to FIG. 8b) are situated at the top side and at the bottom side of the plow beam 2, are not shown in the illustration for the sake of simplicity. The intent of the three different views according to FIG. 8 is to clarify which individual phases are swiveled during swiveling of a hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 from the first working position, i.e., the plowing position (see FIG. 8b), first cutting element on the right), in which the first cutting element 4 together with the second cutting element, not illustrated, forms a complete module, via the various intermediate positions to the second position (see FIG. 8b), far left). In the second position, the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 together with the blade-like second cutting element 3, not illustrated, once again forms a complete module. The individual illustrated swivel phases conceptually relate to a single first cutting element. Of course, the individual positions, including the intermediate positions, do not relate to adjustment positions of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 at the turning plowing device 1. Rather, the individual first cutting elements 4 must be situated in their respective working positions in such a way that for purposes of plowing they form, together with the respective second cutting element 3, a complete module. FIG. 8c) illustrates a top view of the various intermediate positions of the turning plowing device 1. FIG. 8a) illustrates a viewing direction opposite the pull line, and once again shows the various positions of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 during swiveling from the working position, i.e., the first position, into the second position, from which the turning plowing device 1 must still be rotated by 180? by means of the plow tower turning unit 13 so that the complete module, formed by the first and second cutting elements, may plow the reverse furrow in the ground. Also depicted in FIG. 8c) is the bar angle 19, which represents the complementary angle for deflecting the plow beam 2 with respect to the pulling direction 5 (not depicted).
[0050] FIG. 9 illustrates a basic view as in FIG. 8a), except with all hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 in the respective working position, i.e., in the plowing position; in this view as well, the blade-like second cutting elements 3 are not depicted in the illustration for the sake of simplicity.
[0051] FIGS. 10a), b) illustrate in both a side view and a top view basic angle positions for adjusting and also ensuring the same camber angles and cutting angles of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 to be swiveled via a swivel arm 6 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 9. The side view illustrated at the top in FIG. 10a) shows how the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 is fastened, via a swivel arm 6 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 9, to the swivel arm 6 and to the plow beam 2, which is schematically illustrated only as a dash-dotted line. The swivel arm 6 is connected to the bearing block 17 via the swivel axis 14. During swiveling, which is brought about by the hydraulic cylinder 9, the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 is brought into the particular position about its swivel axis 14. The plowing direction or pull line 5 is also depicted. For the axis that is inclined forward in the plowing direction, the adjustment axis 22 perpendicular thereto is likewise depicted. The top view of the arrangement is shown at the bottom of FIG. 10a). The relationship of the angular changes of the so-called cutting turning angle (camber angle) during rotation of the swivel arm 6 from 0? (horizontal) to 90? (vertical) is important for understanding the turning plowing device 1 according to the invention. In the starting position of the swivel arm at 0? (horizontal), the cutting angle may be set to 20? , for example. The complementary turning angle (the camber is 0? , i.e., vertical) results when the swivel arm 6 together with the first cutting element 4 is swiveled toward 90? . The camber angle then increases, and the turning angle decreases. There is an angle for which both angles (cutting angle and camber angle) are equal; in the range before reaching 77.3? the cutting angle predominates, whereas after an angle of 77.3? the camber angle predominates. This angle of ?77.3? is also referred to as the plow beam angle 23. For example, when in the horizontal starting position the cutting angle is 20? relative to the pull line of the tractor, the camber angle is 0?. With an increasing swivel direction toward 80?, this complementarily results in an increasing camber angle and a decreasing cutting angle, since the two angles mutually define one another.
[0052] The swivel axes 14 for the swivel arms 6 together with the hollow disc-like first cutting elements are mounted or oriented at 90?, i.e., perpendicular to the pull line, corresponding to the travel direction of the towing vehicle. Thus, the orientation of the hollow disc to a 20? cutting angle, for example, has to be carried out only once. The adjustment axis 22 is used only for the adjustment for the same cutting angle and camber angle on both sides.
[0053] FIG. 10b) shows the neutral position with regard to the depicted travel direction that is adjusted; i.e., the swiveling of the first cutting elements 4 is interrupted between the first working position and the second working position approximately in the middle, namely, approximately along the orientation of the plow beam 2, which takes place during the actual turning operation. The inclination of the hollow disc-like first cutting element 4 with respect to the swivel arms 6, oriented in parallel to the pulling direction, is shown as a cutting angle 24 in the top view of the illustration according to FIG. 10b).
[0054] FIG. 11 shows a basic representation of a further exemplary embodiment in which for further reduction of the number of elements required for plowing, two hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4 are situated one behind the other in the plowing direction 5, with which a single blade-like second cutting element 3 is associated, the design of which includes two blade-like partial cutting elements that allow an adjustment 26 of the setting angle by an adjustable perpendicular plate, in particular by means of a perforated plate 27. Cutting may thus be carried out from a middle position on both sides of the base area 12 of the soil ridge 10 for the particular two hollow disc-like first cutting elements 3, situated one behind the other and preceding the blade-like second cutting elements 3 in this design. Both hollow disc-like cutting elements 3 separate the soil ridge from its side area 11, and due to their hollow disc-like design, at the same time bring about turning of the soil ridge. For caster stabilization, a disc coulter 25 is additionally provided after the blade-like second cutting element 3 in the plowing direction 5. This cutting element 3, also referred to as a two-winged blade-like second cutting element 3, which in a manner of speaking serves as two leading hollow disc-like first cutting elements, would have to manufactured separately.
[0055] FIG. 12 illustrates a so-called duckfoot tine 28 that may be used instead of a second cutting element 3 having a two-winged design. Such a duckfoot tine 28 is customary, and may be manufactured at lower cost than a two-winged second cutting element 3 to be specially designed and manufactured. In this way, in a manner of speaking two ground areas 12 of the soil ridge 12 may be cut, in particular ground areas that are associated with the two leading hollow disc-like first cutting elements 4.
