DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING AN OPERATION OF A WIND TURBINE TO REDUCE LOAD AT YAW MISALIGNMENT

Abstract

A device and a method of controlling an operation of a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine includes a rotor having a plurality of rotor blades, the rotor being mounted to a nacelle to rotate about a rotation axis and the nacelle being mounted to a tower to rotate about a yaw axis so that the rotation axis is also rotatable about the yaw axis. The method includes the following steps: determining a wind direction, acquiring a yaw angle of the nacelle and the rotation axis, determining an angular misalignment between the wind direction and the yaw angle of the rotation axis, which angular misalignment is measured in a plane which is perpendicular to the yaw axis, and performing a stall operation in case the angular misalignment exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Claims

1. A method of controlling an operation of a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising a rotor having a plurality of rotor blades, the rotor being mounted to a nacelle to rotate about a rotation axis and the nacelle being mounted to a tower to rotate about a yaw axis so that the rotation axis is also rotatable about the yaw axis, the method comprising: determining a wind direction; acquiring a yaw angle of the nacelle and the rotation axis; determining an angular misalignment between the wind direction and the yaw angle of the rotation axis, which angular misalignment is measured in a plane which is perpendicular to the yaw axis; and performing a stall operation in case the angular misalignment exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining a wind speed, wherein the predetermined threshold value is a function of the wind speed.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the greater the wind speed, the smaller the predetermined threshold value is.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein each blade is configured to be pitched by a pitch angle about a pitch axis of the blade, wherein the stall operation comprises setting the pitch angle beyond a predetermined stalling pitch angle.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein each blade comprises at least one trim stall member which is configured to change an aerodynamic property of the blade, wherein the stall operation comprises setting the trim stall member in a condition which deteriorates an aerodynamic efficiency of the blade.

6. A control device for controlling an operation of a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising a rotor having a plurality of rotor blades, the rotor being mounted to a nacelle to rotate about a rotation axis and the nacelle being mounted to a tower to rotate about a yaw axis so that the rotation axis is also rotatable about the yaw axis, the control device comprising: a wind direction determining device configured to determine a wind direction; an acquiring device configured to acquire a yaw angle of the nacelle and the rotation axis; an angular misalignment determining device configured to determine an angular misalignment between the wind direction and the yaw angle of the rotation axis, which angular misalignment is measured in a plane which is perpendicular to the yaw axis; and a stall operation device configured to cause a stall operation in case the angular misalignment exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

7. The control device according to claim 6, further comprising: a wind speed determining device configured to determine a wind speed, wherein the predetermined threshold value is a function of the wind speed.

8. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the greater the wind speed, the smaller the predetermined threshold value is.

9. The control device according to claim 6, wherein each blade is configured to be pitched by a pitch angle about a pitch axis of the blade, wherein the stall operation device is configured to set the pitch angle beyond a predetermined stalling pitch angle.

10. The control device according to claim 6, wherein each blade comprises at least one trim stall member which is configured to change an aerodynamic property of the blade, wherein the stall operation device is configured to set the trim stall member in a condition which deteriorates an aerodynamic efficiency of the blade.

11. A wind turbine comprising the control device according to claim 6.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0018] Some of the embodiments will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, wherein like designations denote like members, wherein:

[0019] FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine and the different elements thereof;

[0020] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram explaining the method of controlling an operation of a wind turbine according to an embodiment; and

[0021] FIG. 3 shows an example of a blade having a trim stall member.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine 1. The wind turbine 1 comprises a nacelle 3 and a tower 2. The nacelle 3 is mounted at the top of the tower 2. The nacelle 3 is mounted rotatable with regard to the tower 2 by a yaw bearing (not shown). The axis of rotation of the nacelle 3 with regard to the tower 2 is referred to as a yaw axis 9.

[0023] The wind turbine 1 also comprises a rotor 4 with three rotor blades 6 (of which two rotor blades 6 are depicted in FIG. 1). Each blade 6 is configured to be pitched by a pitch angle about a pitch axis of the blade 6. The pitch axis of the blade 6 is usually the longitudinal axis of the blade 6. The pitching is usually performed by a pitch actuator, for example a hydraulic pitch actuator. The rotor 4 is mounted rotatable with regard to the nacelle 3 by a main bearing 7. The rotor 4 is mounted rotatable about a rotation axis 8. The rotation axis 8 is usually orientated orthogonally (perpendicularly) to the yaw axis 9.

[0024] The wind turbine 1 furthermore comprises a generator 5. The generator 5 in turn comprises a rotor 10 connecting the generator 5 to the rotor 4. The rotor 4 is connected directly to the generator 5, thus the wind turbine 1 is referred to as a gearless, direct-driven wind turbine. Such a generator 5 is referred as direct drive generator 5. As an alternative, the rotor 4 may also be connected to the generator 5 via a gear box. This type of wind turbine 1 is referred to as a geared wind turbine. Embodiments of the present invention are suitable for both types of wind turbines 1.

[0025] The generator 5 is accommodated within the nacelle 3. The generator 5 is arranged and prepared for converting the rotational energy from the rotor 4 into electrical energy in the shape of an AC power.

[0026] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram explaining the method of controlling an operation of a wind turbine 1 according to an embodiment. The method comprises a step S1 of determining a wind direction, which can be done by a wind direction determining device. The wind direction determining device can be a wind direction detecting device. However, the wind direction can also indirectly be estimated based on other parameters than the wind direction. The wind speed and a wind direction can also be communicated from another wind turbine in the field, such as a wind park. The determined wind direction can refer to any predetermined reference direction where the wind direction is defined to be zero degree.

[0027] The method comprises a step S2 of acquiring a yaw angle of the nacelle 3 and the rotation axis 8. The yaw angle of the nacelle 3 and the rotation axis 8 can refer to any predetermined reference orientation where the yaw angle is defined to be zero degree. In an embodiment, the reference orientation where the yaw angle is zero degree coincides with the reference direction where the wind direction is also zero degree.

[0028] The method comprises a step S3 of determining an angular misalignment between the wind direction and the yaw angle of the rotation axis 8, which angular misalignment is measured in a plane which is perpendicular to the yaw axis 9. The method comprises a step S4 of checking whether the determined an angular misalignment exceeds a threshold value. The method comprises a step S5 of performing a stall operation in case the angular misalignment exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

[0029] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the method further comprises a step S6 of determining a wind speed. The wind speed can be detected by a wind speed detecting device, or the wind speed can also indirectly be estimated based on other parameters than the wind speed. The wind speed and a wind direction can also be communicated from another wind turbine in the field, such as a wind park. The method comprises a step S7 where the predetermined threshold value γ [deg] is determined as a function of the wind speed v [m/s]. The threshold value γ and the wind speed v can be stored in a lookup table.

[0030] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the threshold value γ as a function of the wind speed v is depicted in a graph which has a region A of lower wind speeds and a region B of higher wind speeds. The threshold value γ in the region A is greater than the threshold value γ in the region B. The graph reflects a rule, whereupon the greater the wind speed v, the smaller the predetermined threshold value γ is. In an embodiment, the function, which is reflected by the graph, can be stored in a lookup table.

[0031] The stall operation can be realized by modifying the pitch angle of the blade 6. In particular, the step of performing the stall operation can comprise a step of setting the pitch angle of the blade 6 beyond a predetermined stalling pitch angle of the blade 6, where stalling at the blade 6 occurs. If an existing wind turbine is equipped with such a pitching system, no hardware modification is needed to implement embodiments of the present invention. However, the stall operation can be realized by any other measure.

[0032] FIG. 3 shows an example of a blade 6 having an active trim stall member 17, which is usually driven by a hydraulic trim stall actuator. The trim stall member 17 can also be driven by a pneumatic system. The trim stall member 17 is configured to change an aerodynamic property of the blade 6. The step of performing the stall operation can comprise a step of setting the trim stall member 17 in a condition which deteriorates an aerodynamic efficiency of the blade 6 so that stalling at the blade 6 occurs. For example, such condition can correspond to a maximum extended position of the trim stall member 17. In this embodiment, an existing trim stall system can be used, where an active trim stall member 17 or an active add-on member on the blade 6 will impair the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade 6 and thereby lower the loads caused by the yaw misalignment. If an existing wind turbine is equipped with such trim stall members 17, no hardware modification is needed to implement embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] The method above can be implemented in a control device (not shown) which is configured to control an operation of a wind turbine 1. The control device comprises a wind direction determining device configured to determine a wind direction, an acquiring device configured to acquire a yaw angle of the nacelle 3 and the rotation axis 8, an angular misalignment determining device configured to determine an angular misalignment between the wind direction and the yaw angle of the rotation axis 8, which angular misalignment is measured in a plane which is perpendicular to the yaw axis 9, and a stall operation device configured to cause a stall operation in case the angular misalignment exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

[0034] The control device can further comprise a wind speed determining device configured to determine a wind speed, wherein the predetermined threshold value is a function of the wind speed. In an embodiment, the greater the wind speed, the smaller the predetermined threshold value is.

[0035] In a simple implementation, each blade 6 can configured to be pitched by a pitch angle about a pitch axis of the blade 6, wherein the stall operation device is configured to set the pitch angle beyond a predetermined stalling pitch angle.

[0036] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, each blade 6 comprises at least one trim stall member 17 which is configured to change an aerodynamic property of the blade 6, wherein the stall operation device is configured to set the trim stall member 17 in a condition which deteriorates an aerodynamic efficiency of the blade 6.

[0037] In a modified embodiment, any other device or measure can be used in order to perform the stall operation.

[0038] Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of embodiments and variations thereon, it will be understood that numerous additional modifications and variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0039] For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of “a” or “an” throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and “comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements.