Abstract
A gripping appliance is disclosed. A head assembly is releasably attached to, and extends distal from, a base member. A plunger actuator moves a plunger along a proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance. The head assembly includes a carrier with a through opening which receives the plunger and at least two gripping legs. Each of the gripping legs include a tip portion distal of a fixation portion, an actuation portion adjacent to and proximal of the tip portion, and a flex portion between the actuation and fixation portions. The actuation portions contact the plunger when the plunger is in an extended, distal position. The fixation portions are rigidly mounted to the carrier. The actuation and tip portions are distal from the carrier. When no force is transferred from the plunger to the gripping legs, the tip portions converge in a proximal-distal direction of the gripping appliance.
Claims
1. A gripping appliance comprising: a base member; a plunger actuator; a plunger; and a head assembly releasably attached to the base member and extending distal from the base member, wherein the plunger actuator is arranged and configured to move the plunger along a proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance; wherein the head assembly comprises a carrier and a number of at least two gripping legs, the carrier having a through opening extending along the proximal-distal axis and configured and arranged to receive the plunger therethrough; wherein the gripping legs each comprise a fixation portion, a tip portion distal of the fixation portion, an actuation portion adjacent to and proximal of the tip portion, and a flex portion defined between the actuation portion and the fixation portion, wherein the actuation portions of the gripping legs are configured to be in contact with the plunger at least when the plunger is in an extended, distal position; wherein the fixation portions of the gripping legs are rigidly mounted to the carrier of the head assembly and wherein at least the actuation portions and the tip portions of the gripping legs are arranged distal from the carrier of the head assembly and the gripping legs are arranged such that, when no force is transferred from the plunger to the gripping legs, the tip portions of the gripping legs converge in a proximal-distal direction of the gripping appliance.
2. The gripping appliance of claim 1, wherein: the plunger comprises a contact portion intended for contact with the actuation portions of the gripping legs, wherein the contact portion comprises a tapered portion which is tapered towards a distal end of the plunger, and at least a proximal end of the contact portion has a cross sectional dimension which is larger than a clearance of a passage surrounded by the actuation portions of the gripping legs when no force is transferred from the plunger to the gripping legs.
3. The gripping appliance of claim 1, wherein: a distal end of the plunger is pointed.
4. The gripping appliance of claim 1, wherein: the tip portions of the gripping legs in a very distal tip portion are angled away from the center of the gripping appliance, so as to at least converge to a lesser degree in the proximal-distal direction than the more proximal portions of the gripping legs when no force is transferred from the plunger to the gripping legs.
5. A head assembly for the gripping appliance of claim 1, wherein: the carrier comprises a number of flat outer mounting surfaces rotational-symmetrically arranged around an outer circumference of the carrier, and the fixation portions of the gripping legs comprise flat mounting surfaces abutting the flat outer mounting surfaces.
6. A gripping leg for the gripping appliance of claim 1, wherein: the flex portion is configured with a minimum bending stiffness in response to a moment induced by a force acting perpendicular to a plane of the flex portion; and the actuation portion comprises a base which extends between and merges into the tip portion and the flex portion, and further comprises a tongue which originates from the base, wherein the tongue projects from the base.
7. The gripping leg of claim 6, wherein: the flex portion is trapezoidally shaped and widening from the actuation portion towards the fixation portion; and the flex portion is shaped as a frame comprising two flex legs extending along the sides of the flex portion between the actuation portion and the fixation portion.
8. The gripping leg of claim 6, wherein: the tongue is slanted towards the tip portion.
9. A conveyance system configured and adapted to convey objects between at least two locations, the conveyance system comprising: the gripping appliance of claim 1; and at least one drive configured to move the gripping appliance along the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance and perpendicular to the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance.
10. A tray for a sample manipulation system, wherein the tray has a top side comprising a multitude of receiving indentations, and wherein the tray comprises a coding.
11. The tray of claim 10, wherein: the receiving indentations are at least essentially circular in cross section; and elongated indentations are provided which extend radially from the receiving indentations.
12. A sample manipulation system comprising: a gripper; and a tray holder adapted to hold the tray of claim 10.
13. A sample manipulation system, comprising: at least one of: the gripping appliance of claim 1 and the head assembly of claim 5; and a tray, wherein the tray has a top side comprising a multitude of receiving indentations intended and adapted for receiving a sample, wherein the receiving indentations are at least essentially circular in cross section and the distance between the outer rim of a receiving indentation and the outer rim of a closest neighboring receiving indentation is 20% of the diameter of a receiving indentation or less.
14. A method of conveying an object between at least two locations, the method comprising: providing the gripping appliance of claim 1; positioning the gripping appliance with the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance intersecting the object and the distal tips of the gripping legs being arranged proximate to the object; moving the plunger into a distal direction of the gripping appliance, whereby the plunger contacts the actuation portions of the gripping legs and forces the tip portions of the gripping legs radially apart, thereby effecting an elastic deformation of the flex portions of the gripping legs; moving the gripping appliance distally so as to position the distal tips of the gripping legs circumferentially enclosing the object; retracting the plunger in a proximal direction, whereby elastic restoration forces of the flex portions of the gripping legs cause a gripping movement of the tip portions, thereby affixing the object to the gripping appliance; and moving the gripping appliance with the object affixed thereto to a place of destination.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: placing the object at the place of destination; and advancing the plunger into the distal direction, whereby the plunger contacts the actuation portions of the gripping legs and forces the tip portions of the gripping legs radially apart, thereby releasing the object, and moving the gripping appliance in the proximal direction.
16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: selecting a head assembly out of a multitude of head assemblies, wherein the head assembly is selected such that the flex portions of the gripping legs induce a defined radially inward acting force at the tip portions when the plunger is retracted and the tip portions abut the object.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein: the head assembly is chosen such that a frictional force induced by the radially inward acting force and effective between the tip portions of the gripping legs and the object is greater than the weight force of the object.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the plunger has a pointed distal tip and the object is a crucible, the method comprising moving the plunger distally to pierce and perforate a lid closing the crucible with the pointed distal tip.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0065] The subject matter of the present disclosure is now to be explained in more detail by means of selected exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The figures show:
[0066] FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of a gripping appliance with distally closed gripping legs;
[0067] FIG. 2 the gripping appliance of FIG. 1 with distally closed gripping legs in a sectional view;
[0068] FIG. 3 the gripping appliance of FIG. 1 with distally opened gripping legs;
[0069] FIG. 4 the gripping appliance of FIG. 1 with distally opened gripping legs in a sectional view;
[0070] FIG. 5 the gripping appliance of FIG. 1 in an exploded view;
[0071] FIG. 6 the process of gripping an object with a gripping appliance of the type herein described;
[0072] FIG. 7 the distal part of the gripping appliance of the herein described type with in a furnace, wherein further a crucible is placed inside a furnace;
[0073] FIG. 8 a sample manipulation system comprising a gripping appliance of the herein described type and a tray;
[0074] FIG. 9 a first embodiment of a gripping leg for a gripping appliance of the herein described type in a plane view;
[0075] FIG. 10 the gripping leg of FIG. 9 in a side view;
[0076] FIG. 11 a first embodiment of a gripping leg for a gripping appliance of the herein described type in a plane view;
[0077] FIG. 12 the gripping leg of FIG. 11 in a side view;
[0078] FIG. 13A tray holder;
[0079] FIG. 14a, 14b Trays of different classes;
[0080] FIG. 15A cut through a tray comprising a piercing position; and
[0081] FIG. 16A thermal analysis systems.
[0082] It is understood that the drawings are highly schematic, and details not required for instruction purposes may have been omitted for the ease of understanding and depiction. It is further understood that the drawings show only selected, illustrative embodiments, and embodiments not shown may still be well within the scope of the herein disclosed and/or claimed subject matter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT(S)
[0083] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary gripping appliance 1 of the herein disclosed kind with the gripping legs closed. Gripping appliance 1 comprises base member 11 and head assembly 20 with gripping legs 24 extending in a distal direction from a carrier of the head assembly. In the depiction of FIG. 1 the carrier of the head assembly is largely covered by outer sleeve 12. As is readily appreciated, gripping appliance 1 has a proximal-distal axial orientation. A distal or forward end of the gripping appliance is defined by the free end tips of gripping legs 24. The proximal end of the gripping appliance is defined by the axially opposite end of base member 11. It is appreciated that the term distal denotes the working side of an instrument, while the term proximal denotes the side on which the instrument is attached to a support or comprises a handle.
[0084] FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal view of gripping appliance 1 of FIG. 1 along the proximal-distal axis of the instrument. Base member 11 is supported and for instance connected to a drive for moving the gripping appliance on the proximal side, while head assembly 20 is releasably attached to the base member 11 and extends distal from the base member 11. Head assembly 20 comprises a carrier 21 and a number of, in the exemplary embodiment shown, four gripping legs 24. Carrier 21 comprises mount 22 and guide sleeve 23. Carrier 21 generally tapers in the distal direction. Base member 11 comprises a plunger actuator 31 and a plunger 30 extending through a central through opening in the carrier 21 of the head assembly 20. Plunger actuator 31 is arranged and configured to move or displace plunger 30 along the proximal-distal axis 2 of the gripping assembly. Proximal-distal axis 2 extends between a proximal side P and a distal side D of the gripping assembly. Plunger actuator 31 may in one instance be a stepper motor which allows controllable travel and placement of plunger 30 along proximal-distal axis 2. Plunger 30 is guided inside the through opening inside guide sleeve 23. In aspects, it may be said that a longitudinal axis of the through opening inside guide sleeve 23 defines proximal-distal axis 2. Proximal fixation portions of gripping legs 24 are rigidly, i.e., non-articulated, attached to mount 22 of carrier 21 of head assembly 20. The fixation portions of the gripping legs are not visible in the present depiction. Each one of gripping legs 24 comprises a distally arranged tip portion 204, an actuation portion 203 adjacent to and proximal of tip portion 204, and a flex portion 202 adjacent to and proximal of actuation portion 203 and defined between and connecting actuation portion 203 and the fixation portion. Each actuation portion 203 comprises a tongue 205 and a base. Each of the tongues 205 projects and extends radially inward from the base of its actuation portion 203. The tongues 205 are slanted in a distal direction, towards tip portions 204. As will become fully appreciated by virtue of the description below, tongues 205 are configured to be in contact with plunger 30 at least when plunger 30 is in an extended, distal position. As will further be appreciated by virtue of the description below, plunger 30 is configured and adapted to exert a radially outward directed force onto actuation portions 203 of gripping legs 24 and displace the actuation portions, and hence also the tip portions, radially outward, depending on the position of plunger 30 along proximal-distal axis 2. In the situation depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, however, plunger 30 is in a retracted, proximal position, and no or little force is transmitted from the plunger to the gripping legs. The gripping legs are arranged such that, when the plunger 30 is in the retracted position, the tip portions 204 of the gripping legs converge in a proximal-distal direction of the gripping appliance, towards their distal tips, or the distal side D of the gripping appliance, respectively.
[0085] FIGS. 3 and 4 show gripping appliance 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 with gripping legs 24 opened. A comparison between FIGS. 1 and 3, or FIGS. 2 and 4, respectively, reveals that plunger 30 is in a more distal, extended position. Plunger 30 comprises a contact portion 301 on its lateral surface. Contact portion 301 comprises a relatively distally provided tapered portion 302 and a constant cross-section, or, in the specific non-nonlimiting example, cylindrical portion adjacent to and proximal from said tapered portion. When plunger 30 is displaced in the distal direction, from the proximal, retracted position as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, to a distal, extended position, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, tapered portion 302 of contact portion 301 of plunger 30 is gradually pushed into the clearance between the actuation portions 203 of the gripping legs, or, more specifically, the radial inner tips of tongues 205, starting at a relatively small cross-sectional extent of tapered portion 302 and progressing to a relatively larger cross-sectional extent of tapered portion 302. As a result, the actuation portion 203 and tip portions 204 of gripping legs 24 are successively spread apart and the gripping appliance is opened. As the proximal fixation portions of the gripping legs are rigidly, that is, non-articulated, attached to mount 22, the flex portions 202 of the gripping legs flex, thus yielding a radially inward directed restoring force on the more distally arranged actuation portions 203 and tip portions 204. Said restoring force is exerted on plunger 30, which in turn exerts a radially outward directed force onto actuation portions 203 of gripping legs 24. It will be appreciated that said force increases while the plunger is advanced in the distal direction and the actuation portions 203, or tongues 205, respectively, bear on tapered portion 302 of plunger 30. Once the plunger is sufficiently advanced in the distal direction such that the actuation portions 203 or tongues 205, respectively, bear on the constant cross-section portion of contact portion 301, the radial outward displacement of and consequently the spreading force exerted on the actuation portions of gripping legs 24, remains constant, irrespective of the proximal-distal position of plunger 30. A distal end of plunger 30 is pointed and forms a spike 303. Once the actuation portions 203, or tongues 205, respectively, of the gripping legs bear on the constant cross-section portion of actuation portion 301 of plunger 30, plunger 30 can be advanced in the distal direction without any effect on the gripping legs, until spike 303 gets into contact with an object, like, for instance, a lid of a crucible, and pierce the lid, thus exposing a sample comprised inside the crucible to the environment. The skilled person will further appreciate that upon a retracting movement of plunger 30 in a proximal direction, as soon as the actuation portions 203, or tongues 205, respectively, bear on the tapered portion 302 of contact portion 301, the actuation portions and tip portions 204 of the gripping legs will, due to the restoring force exerted by flexed flex portions 202, successively travel radially inward, i.e., close the gripping appliance. If, however, an object is placed between tip portions 204 prior to retracting plunger 30 from the position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, tip portions 204 will bear on said object and a remaining restoring force, which is dependent upon the cross-sectional dimension of the object, is exerted on the object. That means, said object is held between, or gripped by, tip portions 204. Said grip can be released in again advancing plunger 30 in the distal direction. The comparatively steep angle of tapered portion 302 of contact portion 301 of plunger 30 translates a defined axial travel of the plunger into a comparatively large radial travel of the tip portions. However, said kinematics may be influenced in accordingly selecting the cone angle of tapered portion 302.
[0086] FIG. 5 shows an exploded view on a gripping appliance as shown in FIGS. 1 through 4. As can be seen in this view, mount 22 of carrier 21 of head 20 comprises a number of outer mounting surfaces rotationally symmetrical and circumferentially equidistant arranged around the outer circumference of mount 22. Proximal fixation portions 201 of the gripping legs are fixedly attached to the mount at the mounting surfaces, for instance by screws. It is well noted that fixation portions 201 of gripping legs 24 are inhibited from any movement on the mount 22, or carrier 21, respectively. Any relative movement between the tip portions of gripping legs 24 and carrier 21 can thus only be achieved by flexing of the flex portions of the gripping legs. Plunger actuator 31 is attached to base member 11. Plunger 30 extends distally from plunger actuator 31 and is intended to be received through the through opening in carrier 21, or guide sleeve 23, respectively, as outlined in connection with FIGS. 2 and 4.
[0087] The gripping appliance outlined in connection with FIGS. 1 through 4 may be connected to at least one drive which is configured to move the gripping appliance along the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance as well as in a plane perpendicular to the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance, so as to form a conveyance system which is configured and adapted to convey crucibles or other objects between at least two locations.
[0088] An exemplary process of gripping an object is outlined in connection with FIG. 6. An object 100, for instance a crucible, is placed on a surface. As shown in FIG. 6a, the gripping appliance 1 is initially positioned over the object, with the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance intersecting the object and the distal tip of the gripping legs 24 being arranged proximate to the object, i.e., pointing downward in the specifically shown example. The plunger is advanced in the distal direction of the gripping appliance, i.e., towards object 100, thus forcing the distal tips of gripping legs 24 apart and opening the gripping appliance, as depicted in FIG. 6b. Subsequently, gripping appliance 1 is moved in the distal direction, which is downward in the shown exemplary embodiment, so as to position the distal tips of the gripping legs circumferentially enclosing the object, as depicted in FIG. 6c. The plunger may then be retracted in the proximal direction, whereby the tip portions of the gripping legs 24 travel radially inward due to the elastic restoring forces of the flexed flex portions of the gripping legs. The tip portions thus abut object 100 and exert a radially inward directed force on object 100. The skilled person will readily appreciate that said force exerted on the object depends on the cross-sectional dimension of the object on the one hand, and the geometry of the gripping legs and the spring stiffness of the flex portions of the gripping legs on the other hand. Thus, the head may be chosen dependent on the cross-sectional dimension and weight of object 100 as a head equipped with gripping legs which are selected to yield a radially inward directed gripping force on the object within a range sufficient to induce a frictional force greater than the weight of the object on the one hand, but on the other hand to avoid damage to the object by excess force. Once the object is affixed to the gripping appliance by the radially inward acting restoring forces of the flex portions, the object may be lifted from the surface in moving the gripping appliance proximally, or upward in the specific example. The gripping appliance may travel to a place of destination. The subsequent process of placing the object at a place of destination is apparent to a person having skill in the art by virtue of the above presented process and explanations as to the function of the gripping appliance. It is noted that if the number of gripping legs is three or more, and in particular the gripping legs are furthermore circumferentially equidistant distributed, the radially inward directed forces exerted on an object are self-centered, and there is no danger of the object laterally slipping out between the gripping legs.
[0089] In the example shown in FIG. 7 a crucible 100 has been placed inside the furnace 500. The crucible 100 is closed on the top side by a lid 101 and may contain a sample. The plunger with the distal spike 303 may be advanced distally to pierce and penetrate lid 101 with spike 303, thereby exposing the sample contained in crucible 100 to the environment inside the furnace 500.
[0090] FIG. 8 outlines a sample manipulation system which comprises a gripping appliance 1 and a tray 40. The tray has a top side which comprises a multitude of receiving indentations 41, 41a, 41b intended and adapted for receiving a crucible 100. The slender design of the distal end of gripping appliance 1, comprising tip portions of gripping legs 24, enable two neighboring crucibles to be placed very close to each other. The receiving indentations may have a circular cross section, and the distance d between two immediately neighboring receiving indentations, like for instance 41a and 41b, may be 20% or less of the diameter of the receiving indentations. This allows a dense arrangement of crucibles on the tray. Elongated indentations 42 are, in addition to the receiving indentations, provided in the top side of tray 40. The elongated indentations 42 extend radially from and merge into the receiving indentations 41. Four elongated indentations 42 are shown to merge into each receiving indentation 41. This number equals the number of gripping legs 24 provided on the gripping appliance. The elongated indentations 42 have the same circumferential distribution around the receiving indentations 41 as the gripping legs around the proximal-distal axis of the gripping appliance. The width of elongated indentations 42 is at least the width of the distal portion of a tip portion of a gripping leg. This allows the tip portions of the gripping legs to be received, at least with their distal tip regions, inside the elongated indentations 42 merging into a receiving indentation 41 and move inside said elongated indentations, radially with respect to the receiving indentation. This allows the gripping and releasing travel of the tip portions of gripping legs 24. In the shown embodiment, the elongated indentations connect and merge into two diagonally neighboring receiving indentations. Thus, the length of an elongated indentation is approximately 1.4 times the minimal distance d between two closest neighboring receiving indentations 41a and 41b, which allows for sufficient travel distance of the tip portions of gripping legs 24 on a tray on which crucibles are densely packed. Further, the elongated indentations 42 are deeper than receiving indentations 41, which also supports unrestricted travel of the tip portions of gripping legs 24 inside the elongated indentations.
[0091] FIGS. 9 through 12 illustrate exemplary embodiments of gripping legs 24 as such. FIG. 9 shows a plain view and FIG. 10 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a gripping leg. FIG. 11 shows a plain view and FIG. 12 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a gripping leg. As becomes apparent from FIG. 9, gripping leg 24 comprises proximal fixation portion 201 with holes 209 therethrough for receiving screws for attaching the gripping leg to a carrier of a head, as outlined above. Gripping leg 24 further comprises flex portion 202, actuation portion 203 and tip portion 204. Flex portion 202 extends distally from fixation portion 201. Flex portion 202 is generally trapezoidally shaped and tapers in the distal direction and further merges into actuation portion 203, which is provided distally adjacent the flex portion. Flex portion 202 comprises two flex legs 208 extending from the fixation portion, with a window 210 shaped therebetween. Flex portion 202 has a minimum bending stiffness against a moment which is induced by a force acting along an axis perpendicular to a plane of the flex portion, in the current depiction perpendicular to the plane of drawing. In other directions, however, the bending stiffness is relatively higher such as to prevent the tip portion from lateral swerving movements. Flex legs 208 converge distally and merge into actuation portion 203. If a gripping leg is rigidly attached to the head of a gripping appliance, as outlined above, at the fixation portion 201, and actuation portion 203 is forced radially outward by the plunger of the gripping appliance, said movement requires bending of a portion interposed between fixation portion 201 and actuation portion 203. If said bending occurs within the elasticity limits of the interposed portion, the interposed portion flexes, yielding an elastic restoring force. Hence, flex portion 202 is actually defined between fixation portion 201 and actuation portion 203. The trapezoidal shape of the flex portion ensures straight radial travel of the tip portions upon actuation of a gripping leg mounted to a gripping appliance of the type outlined above by the plunger. Actuation portion 203 comprises tongue 205 and window 206. As becomes apparent by virtue of FIGS. 10 and 12, respectively, tongue 205 projects from the base of actuation portion 203 into a first direction relative to the general proximal-distal extent of gripping leg 24. Further, tongue 205 is slanted into the distal direction, i.e., towards tip portion 204. Thus, the sliding movement between the tongue of a gripping leg mounted to a gripping appliance and the plunger of the gripping appliance when the plunger moves distally to force the distal part of the gripping leg radially outward is facilitated.
[0092] In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, window 206 and tongue 205 are generally arched, wherein tongue 205 merges into the base of actuation portion 203 at a common straight baseline of arched tongue 205 and arched window 206. Tongue 205 comprises a rounded tip intended to get in contact with the plunger. Said rounded shape further supports a smooth sliding between the plunger and the tongue.
[0093] In the embodiment according to FIG. 11, window 206 is essentially rectangular while the tongue 205 has a trapezoidal shape wherein the side opposite of the baseline is concavely arched. The tongue 205 merges into the base of actuation portion 203 at a common straight baseline of the tongue 205 and the window 206. Tongue 205 comprises a rounded tip line intended to get in contact with a cylindrical plunger. Said rounded shape guides the gripping leg and helps to prevent lateral swerving movements.
[0094] Window 206 and tongue 205 can have a generally conformant size and shape or the window 206 can be greater than the tongue 205. This is due to the fact that tongue 205 may be manufactured in performing a suitable cut, for instance by laser cutting, into the base of actuation portion 203 and subsequently bending tongue 205 out of the plane of the sheet forming the base of actuation portion 203. In other embodiments, however, tongue 205 may be a separate member attached to the base of actuation portion 203. Any suitable attachment method may be applied, including, while not limited to, gluing, soldering, welding, screwing and riveting. It is understood that, if tongue 205 is an individual member attached the base of actuation portion 203, the base of actuation portion 203 may not comprise window 206.
[0095] Actuation portion 203 distally merges into tip portion 204, which is distally adjacent to actuation portion 203. Tip portion 204, in a very distal portion 207, is angled with respect to a more proximal portion of the tip portion. The very distal portion 207 is angled in a direction opposite to that of tongue 205. As will be appreciated, when gripping leg 24 is properly mounted to a head or a gripping appliance as outlined above, tongue 205 projects radially inward from the base of actuation portion 203. Accordingly, very distal portions 207 of the tip portions 204 of the gripping legs mounted to the head or gripping appliance are less convergent in the distal direction when compared to the more proximal portions of the tip portions 204, or might even diverge distally, dependent upon the specific geometry of a gripping leg and the position of the plunger, i.e., dependent upon whether the gripping appliance is opened or closed at its distal end. Said angulation of the very distal tip portion 207 might serve to better accommodate an object to be gripped. Gripping leg 24 may generally be manufactured from a piece of sheet metal, in particular from a sheet of spring steel.
[0096] Trays 40a, b, are shown in more detail in FIGS. 14a and b. They have a top side 43t comprising a multitude of receiving indentations 41. The receiving indentations 41 are circular in cross section. The diameter of the circular cross-section of the receiving indentation 41 may differ depending on the class of the tray 40: FIG. 14a shows a tray 40a for larger objects 100 such as crucibles or samples and therefore receiving indentations 41 with a greater diameter than those of the tray 40b shown in FIG. 14b which is intended to be used with smaller objects 100.
[0097] On both trays, elongated indentations 42 extend radially from the receiving indentations 41 and connect them with each other.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 14a, the length 421 of the elongated indentations 42 is greater than the distance d between the outer rim of a receiving indentation and the outer rim of a closest neighboring receiving indentation. In FIG. 14a, it is shown how the length of the elongated indentation is preferably measured: It is the distance between the incircle of two neighboring receiving indentations which are arranged on the line comprising the two end points of the elongated indentation 42, i.e., in the case of a radially extending elongated indentation 42, the line extending in the direction in which it is elongated.
[0099] In both, FIGS. 14 a and b, the elongated indentations 42 extend radially from and merge into the receiving indentations 41. There are four radially extending elongated indentations 42 in both depicted trays 40a and 40b and this number of elongated indentations 42 is equal to the number of gripping legs 24 of the gripping appliance and/or the head assembly for which these trays 40a, 40b are constructed. The elongated indentations 42 are further circumferentially equally distributed: They are always 90? spaced apart from each other. This is conformant to the circumferential pattern formed by the gripping legs around the gripping appliance and/or the head assembly for which these trays 40a, 40b are constructed.
[0100] Trays 40 for the use with other grippers may be equipped with elongated indentations 42 of a difference shape to allow the gripping means of these grippers the needed freedom to move. If the depth of the receiving indentation 41 is smaller than the height of the objects 100, elongated indentations 42 can also be omitted if the gripper can grasp the objects 100.
[0101] Both trays 40 shown in FIGS. 14a and 14b comprises codings 50. One of the codings is an electronic coding 50e. The electronic coding 50e comprises a chip 51 which can be read out via the same conductors with which it is powered. Contacts 51a, 51b of the conductors for the chip 51 can easily be cleaned, if needed.
[0102] A further coding 50 is a mechanical coding 50m. The mechanical coding 50m is a pattern machined in one of the side walls 43s of the tray 40. The mechanical coding 50m is suitable to be read out by suitable detection means such as set of contact sensors, by a set of proximity sensors or by the way it scatters or blocks a light signal. Another coding 50 which is depicted is a RFID chip 50r.
[0103] In still further embodiments, the coding 50 is a 2D-coding pattern 50p such as for example a bar code or a QR code. In addition or instead, the coding 50 can be a human readable number and/or letter combination 50ht, 50hi, printed or otherwise applied onto the tray 40.
[0104] The electronic 50e, mechanical 50m and RFID chip 50r coding 50 are arranged on one of the side walls 43s of the tray 40. The human readable code 50ht, 50hi, and the 2D-coding pattern 50p are arranged on the top side 43t of the tray 40.
[0105] In the depicted embodiments, the coding 50 comprises information about a class of trays to which a given tray belongs in addition to a unique identification. This is visible in the case of the human readable number and letter combination 50ht, 50hi: The letter 50ht indicates in this example the class of the tray, which is L for trays, suitable large samples in the case of FIG. 14a and S for trays, suitable small samples in the case of FIG. 14b. The number 50hi is a unique ID number such that the combination of tray class indicator and ID number can be used to identify any tray 40 in a large set of trays. Preferably a user can create user specific coding for the trays used by himself. The user specific coding can be written into the chip 51, associated to signal of the RFID chip and/or printed a label as a 2D-coding pattern 50p and/or as a human readable code 50ht, 50hi to allow the user to adapt the trays to an existing sample or object management system.
[0106] FIG. 13 depicts a tray holder 60. The tray holder 60 is adapted to hold the tray 40 in a predefined orientation. Therefore, the tray holder 60 comprises an indentation into which the tray 40 fits.
[0107] The trays 40, depicted in FIGS. 14a and b are, in the view on their top side 43t, rectangular with one corner of this rectangular being replaced by a flat connecting surface between the two side walls 43s which would join at this corner. This results in an indentation 43x with respect to the rectangular shape describing the shape of the tray 40 outside of this region. Due to this indentation 43x, the symmetry of the rectangular shape is broken and a unique orientation is defined.
[0108] The tray holder 60, shown in FIG. 13, has a corresponding shape with a matching protrusion 63x, replacing one corner of the otherwise rectangular shape.
[0109] The tray holder 60 comprises means 55 to read out the coding 50 of the tray 40. The means to read out 55 are the read out electronic 55e of the electronic coding 50e, a sensor 55m to read out the mechanical coding 50m, and an RFID chip reader 55r. These means are arranged on the side wall 63s of the tray holder 60 and arranged at such locations, that they can read out the respective coding 50 of the tray 40 once the tray 40 is inserted into the tray holder 60.
[0110] Once the tray 40 arranged in the tray holder 60, the contact regions 56a, 56b of the tray holder 60 contact the contacts 51a, b of the electronic coding 50e of the tray 40 and the information of the coding 50 stored in the chip 51 can be read out and is transmitted via the line 70 to be processed or displayed.
[0111] FIG. 15 shows a cross-section through a tray 40 which comprises a piercing position 44. The piercing position 44 is an elevation on the top side 43t of the tray 40. This piercing position 44 is essentially circular in cross section, although this is not visible in the shown cross-section. The diameter of this circular cross section is essentially equal to the diameter of the receiving indentations 41. The height of the piercing position 44 with respect to its surrounding is such that tip portions of the gripping legs do not collide with the tray 40 during the piercing action of an object or crucible arranged on the piercing position 44. In the shown embodiment, the height of the piercing position 44 is essentially equal to the depth of the receiving indentations 41, which appear as a set of recesses from the top side 43t of the tray 40 in this view.
[0112] The gripping appliances 1 is part of a sample manipulation system. The sample manipulation system is part of a thermal analysis systems for material characterization. FIG. 16 illustrates a thermoanalytical instrument 33, which is an example of a thermal analysis system. As is illustrated in FIG. 16, an essentially horizontally extending work area 71 has a funnel-shaped access channel 72 formed therein that provides access to a receiving sample support 73 of a thermoanalytical instrument 33 that is for instance a differential scanning calorimeter or a thermogravimetric instrument. The receiving sample support 73 is in this embodiment a thermoanalytical sensor. A person of ordinary skill familiar with such thermoanalytical instruments will well understand the schematic nature of the illustration of FIG. 16, while practical embodiments of such instruments may often include a removeable lid and/or a slidable suspension of the sensor to thereby expose the sensor only for the purposes of loading or unloading an object 100 to be analyzed.
[0113] At some horizontal distance from the access channel 72, a tray 40 is arranged in a tray holder 60 which is part of the work area 71. The tray 40 comprises receiving indentations 41 formed to hold a plurality of objects 100 that may specifically be crucibles for receiving specimens of materials to be analyzed. Such trays 40 may for instance be formed so as to have the objects 100 or crucibles arranged therein, for example in an array of lines and columns. A crucible is an example of an object 100.
[0114] The tray 40 is arranged in a tray holder 60. Further, the tray 40 is in the shown embodiment equipped with an electronic coding which comprises a chip 51. The tray holder 60 comprises contacts to power and read out the chip 51 via the contacts 51a, b on the tray 40. The contacts to power and read out the chip 51 which are comprised in the tray holder 60 are connected to a line 70 which feeds the information contained in the coding to a control 80.
[0115] The sample manipulation system shown in FIG. 16 comprises the gripping appliance 1, the tray holder 60 and the control 80. It allows the gripping appliance 1 to manipulate samples arranged on a tray 40 arranged in the tray holder 60 and to adapt this manipulation to different classes of trays 40 which can be used in this sample manipulation system.
[0116] A conveyance system 90 comprises a drive 91 and a gripper, which is in the shown embodiment a gripping appliance 1. The drive 91 is configured to move the gripping appliance 1 along the proximal-distal axis 2 of the gripping appliance 1 and perpendicular to it. The gripping appliance 1 and was described in more detail in FIGS. 1 to 6. To move the gripping appliance 1 along an axis perpendicular to the proximal-distal axis 2, the conveyance system 90 comprises a horizontal rail along which the drive 91 is for example moved by a belt. To move the gripping appliance 1 along the proximal-distal axis 2, the gripping appliance 1 can be attached to a rod arranged along the proximal-distal axis 2, which is moved up- and down by the drive 91.
[0117] In the depicted embodiment a camera 92, in this example a digital camera, is attached to the gripping appliance 1. A light source 92a to illuminate the camera's field of view is attached to the camera 92. Preferably, the light source 92a is in the form of a ring light surrounding the camera 92. The light source 92a preferably emits polarized light and the camera 92 includes a polarization filter so as to attenuate undesired reflections into the camera 92. The light source 92a for example emits white light in the visible spectrum.
[0118] The drive 91 moves the gripping appliance 1 together with the camera 92 and the light source 92a to various positions above work area 71 in both the horizontal directions (X-, Y-axis) and the vertical direction (Z-axis). These positions specifically include those which are appropriate for the gripping appliance 1 to receive or release objects 100 at any one of the receiving sample support 73 or the receiving indentations 41 of the tray 40, to capture images or at least partial images of any one of the receiving sample support 73, and/or an object 100, and/or the tray 40.
[0119] The thermoanalytical instrument 33 comprises further evaluation means 34: The evaluation means 34 identify an object 100 or the positions and presence of objects 100 on a tray 40 in the tray holder 60 using one or more images captured by the camera 12. The information from the evaluation means 34 is in the shown embodiment also provided to the control 80.
[0120] The information contained in the coding 50 which are transmitted to the control 80 by the line 70, allow to adapt the motion of the gripping appliance 1 to the class to which the tray 40 belongs and thereby to the objects 100 for which the receiving indentations 41 are intended and adapted for. In the depicted example, a class L of trays is adapted to objects with a greater diameter than trays of class S. If the control 80 receives an information by the line 70 that the tray 40 in the tray holder 60 is of class L the gripping appliance 1 is instructed by the control 80 to open to a greater extend compared to the case that control 80 receives an information by the line 70 that the tray 40 in the tray holder 60 is of class S.
[0121] In the depicted example, the information contained in the coding 50 which are transmitted to the control 80 by the line 70 includes further a unique identifier. This identifier is unique in the set of trays 40 which may be used in the thermoanalytical instrument 33 at hand. In this example, the user can identify an object by specifying its location of the tray and the unique coding of the tray. The user can, for example, specify that a sample of interest is arrange in the 3rd receiving indentations 41 in the 2nd row of the tray 40 with a given identifier. Further the user can specify that this object 100 should be moved with a smaller acceleration or that is should be the first one on the tray 40 to be measured. The control 80 of the gripping appliance and uses this information to specifically handle the defined sample as requested.
[0122] The tray 40 in the depicted embodiment is of blue color. The samples analyzed with a thermal analysis system are typically crucibles which are golden, metallic grey and/or white. Therefore, there is a significant color contrast to the blue tray 40. This facilitates the recognition of samples on the tray and the identification of empty receiving indentations which is done by the evaluation means 34.
[0123] While the subject matter of the disclosure has been explained by means of exemplary embodiments, it is understood that these are in no way intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. It will be appreciated that the claims cover embodiments not explicitly shown or disclosed herein, and embodiments deviating from those disclosed in the exemplary modes of carrying out the teaching of the present disclosure will still be covered by the claims.
