Abstract
The invention relates to a formwork module for a formwork for a building part comprising at least one formwork carrier and at least one formwork shell, wherein at least one connector is situated between the formwork carrier and the formwork shell. The connector comprises at least one carrier element which is fastened on or in the formwork carrier, and at least one formwork shell element which is fastened in or on the formwork shell. The carrier element and the formwork shell element can be reversibly interconnected and form the connector by means of which the formwork shell can be reversibly connected to the formwork carrier. The invention also relates to the use of a connector for detachably connecting a formwork carrier to a formwork shell and to a method for connecting a formwork shell to a formwork carrier of a formwork module. Finally, the invention relates to a method for separating a formwork shell from a formwork carrier of a formwork module.
Claims
1. A formwork module (1) for a formwork for a building part, comprising at least one formwork carrier (11), and at least one formwork shell (12), wherein at least one connector (13) is situated between the formwork carrier (11) and the formwork shell (12), and the connector (13) comprises at least one carrier element (131) which is fastened on or in the formwork carrier (11), and at least one formwork shell element (132) which is fastened in or on the formwork shell (12); and the carrier element (131) and the formwork shell element (132) can be reversibly interconnected and form the connector (13) by means of which the formwork shell (12) can be reversibly connected to the formwork carrier (11), wherein the reversible connection between the carrier element (131) and the formwork shell element (132) is separable by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork shell (12) directed away from the formwork carrier (11) which is larger than a threshold separation force, and connectable by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork shell (12) directed towards the formwork carrier (11) which is larger than a threshold connecting force, characterised in that the formwork shell element (132) includes a formwork shell attachment portion (1323) which is connected to the formwork shell (12), and the connection between the formwork shell element (132) and formwork shell (12) is configured to be detachable, wherein a formwork shell adapter (14a) is disposed between the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell (12), wherein the formwork shell adapter (14a) is a component which facilitates detaching and connecting the formwork shell element (132) from/to the formwork shell (12), and the formwork shell adapter (14a) remains on or in the formwork shell (12) when the formwork shell element (132) is exchanged.
2. The formwork module (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that a plurality of formwork shell elements (132) are disposed on a mounting side (122) of the formwork shell (12), and a plurality of carrier elements (131) are disposed on the side of the formwork carrier (11) facing the formwork shell (12), and in that, therefore, a plurality of connectors (13) is provided, wherein the connectors (13) are unevenly distributed across the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11), wherein, particularly, a higher number of connectors (13) per surface area is situated in the peripheral portion and/or at the edges than in the central area of the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11) and/or wherein the connectors (13) have different threshold separation forces, and connectors (13a) having higher threshold separation forces are located in the peripheral portion and/or at the edges, and connectors (13b) having lower threshold separation forces are located in the central area of the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11), wherein, particularly, the connectors (13a, 13b) are based on the same or different operating principles.
3. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is formed by a section of the formwork carrier (11), wherein, particularly, the carrier element (131) is formed by a recess in the formwork carrier (11).
4. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork shell adapter (14a) is form-closed connected to the formwork shell (12), and the formwork shell (12) has a concrete side which faces the building part to be constructed in use of the formwork module, and the formwork shell has a mounting side (122) located opposite of the concrete side which faces the formwork carrier, wherein the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) are disposed on or in the mounting side (122), wherein the formwork shell adapter (14a) is insertable into the formwork shell (12) on the mounting side (122) of the formwork shell by a movement parallel to the mounting side (122) of the formwork shell (12), and, in the state inserted into the formwork shell (12), there is a form-closed connection between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), wherein the formwork shell (12), in a side view from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), has a recess having an undercut, and the formwork shell adapter (14a) is inserted into the recess, wherein a section of the formwork shell adapter (14a) is disposed in the undercut of the recess, and thus a form-closed connection between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) is provided in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122).
5. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the formwork shell (12), in a plan view of the mounting side (122), has a recess having defining walls extending perpendicular to the mounting side (122), and the formwork shell adapter (14a) is pressed into the recess in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), wherein at least a section of the formwork shell adapter (14a) is positioned in the recess, and thus a force-fit connection is provided between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) in a plane parallel to the mounting side (122).
6. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork shell adapter (14a) has a recess having an undercut into which the formwork shell element (132) is reversibly insertable, wherein this reversible connection of the formwork shell element (132) to the formwork shell adapter (14a) is at least partly established by a form-closed connection of a section of the formwork shell element (132) to the undercut of the recess in the formwork shell adapter (14a), and the form-closed connection between the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) can be established and released by a linear movement of the formwork shell element (132) relative to the formwork shell adapter (14a) in a direction parallel to the mounting side (122), or the form-closed connection between the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) can be established and released by a rotating movement of the formwork shell element (132) relative to the formwork shell adapter (14a) about a rotational axis oriented perpendicular to the mounting side (122).
7. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork shell element (132) includes a shaft (1321) and a connector head (1322), wherein the formwork shell element (132) is connected to the formwork shell (12) at one end of the shaft (1321), and the connector head (1322) is connected to the end of the shaft (1321) located opposite of the formwork shell (12), and the connector head (1322) has at least one bending portion (13221) which is elastically deformable relative to the shaft (1321).
8. The formwork module (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that the bending portion (13221) has at least one insertion surface (132211) and at least one separation surface (132212), wherein, when the formwork shell element (122) is connected to the carrier element (131), the insertion surface (132211), at least in sections, abuts on the carrier element (131), and, when the connection of the formwork shell element (132) to the carrier element (131) is released, the separation surface (132212), at least in sections, abuts on the carrier element (131), wherein, particularly, the insertion surface (132211) and the separation surface (132212) are positioned at an angle, particularly at different angles, to the central axis of the shaft (1321).
9. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is configured to be rigid and has a cavity (1311) substantially corresponding to the shape and size of the connector head (1322), and the carrier element (131) has an insertion recess (1312) connecting an outer surface of the carrier element (131) to the cavity (1311), wherein the inner diameter of the insertion recess (1312) is smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity (1311) and/or the insertion recess (1312) has at least one bushing insertion surface (13121) on its side facing the outer surface of the carrier element (131) and at least one bushing separation surface (13122) on its side facing the cavity (1311), wherein the bushing insertion surface (13121) and the bushing separation surface (13122) are positioned at an angle, particularly at different angles, to the central axis of the insertion recess (1312).
10. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 7 to 8, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is configured to be rigid and has a gripping portion (1316) substantially corresponding to the shape and size of a bending recess (13222) in the connector head (1322) adjacent to a bending portion (13221), wherein the gripping portion (1316) protrudes beyond adjoining sections of the carrier element (131) adjacent to it, and the carrier element (131) has a bending portion accommodation (1317) at least partly enclosing the gripping portion (1316) adjacent to the gripping portion (1316), and the bending portion accommodation (1317) at least partly accommodates the bending portion (13221) of the formwork shell element (132) when the connector (13) is connected, and the carrier element (131) comprises a bottom portion (1320) configured to be planar at least in sections which is substantially oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the gripping portion (1316), and the bottom portion (1320) abuts on a support panel (112) or the frame (111) of the formwork carrier (11) in a planar manner, and the carrier element (131) has an attachment portion (1319) at least partly disposed in the gripping portion (1316), wherein the attachment portion (1319) is provided for fastening the carrier element (131) to the frame (111) or to a support panel (112), wherein, particularly, the attachment portion (1319) comprises at least one recess which extends completely through the carrier element (131) in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122).
11. The formwork module (1) according to claim 10, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is inserted into a recess in a support panel, wherein the bottom portion (1320) of the carrier element (131) abuts on a boundary surface of the recess in the support panel (112) in a planar manner, and the carrier element (131), together with the support panel (112), is fastened to the frame (111) of the formwork carrier (11) by means of a fastening element, wherein the fastening element is passed through the attachment portion (1319) or is part of the attachment portion (1319).
12. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claim 10 or 11, characterised in that, in a plan view of the carrier element (131) from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), the gripping portion (1316) and the bending portion accommodation (1317) have a circular shape and are positioned concentrically relative to each other, wherein, particularly, the attachment portion (1319) is positioned concentrically to the gripping portion (1316) and to the bending portion accommodation (1317).
13. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork carrier (11) comprises at least one support panel (112) which is connected to the frame (111), wherein the support panel (112) is provided for the connection to the formwork shell (12), and at least one carrier element (131) of at least one connector (13) is situated on or in the support panel (112), wherein, particularly, the support panel (112) is detachable from the frame (111) and therefore configured to be exchangeable.
14. A use of a connector (13) in a formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims for detachably connecting a formwork carrier (11) to a formwork shell (12).
15. A method for connecting a formwork shell (12) to a formwork carrier (11) of a formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 13, comprising the steps a) positioning the formwork shell (12) relative to the formwork carrier (11), wherein the at least one formwork shell element (132) is aligned in axial alignment with the at least one carrier element (131), b) applying a normal force to the formwork shell (12) in direction of the formwork carrier (11), wherein the normal force is larger than the sum of the threshold connecting force of all connectors (13) between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11), c) moving the formwork shell (12) towards the formwork carrier (11) in the normal direction to the formwork shell (12) until the formwork shell (12) abuts on the formwork carrier (11) in a planar manner.
Description
[0096] In the Figures, embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated. Here,
[0097] FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a formwork shell and of a formwork carrier according to an embodiment of a formwork module according to the invention,
[0098] FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork carrier including a support panel,
[0099] FIG. 3 shows a schematic, cut side view of a connector of an embodiment of a formwork module according to the invention,
[0100] FIG. 4 shows a schematic, cut side view of a carrier element of an alternative embodiment of a formwork module according to the invention,
[0101] FIG. 5 shows a schematic, cut side view of a connector of another embodiment of a formwork module according to the invention,
[0102] FIG. 6 shows a schematic, cut side view of a connector of an alternative embodiment of a formwork module according to the invention,
[0103] FIG. 7 shows a schematic, cut side view of part of an embodiment of a formwork module according to the invention including an edge element,
[0104] FIG. 8 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork shell including a formwork shell adapter and a formwork shell element,
[0105] FIG. 9 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork shell element,
[0106] FIG. 10 shows a cut side view of an embodiment of a formwork shell including a formwork shell adapter and a formwork shell element,
[0107] FIG. 11 shows a plan view and a side view of an embodiment of a formwork shell adapter,
[0108] FIG. 12 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a formwork shell including a plurality of formwork shell adapters,
[0109] FIG. 13 shows a schematic, perspective view of another embodiment of a carrier element and a formwork shell element,
[0110] FIG. 14 shows a partly cut, schematic side view an embodiment of a connector,
[0111] FIG. 15 shows a cut side view of an alternative formwork module including a separating tool which is in engagement with a formwork shell element.
[0112] In the Figures, the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals. On principle, the described features of an element described in connection with one Figure are also applicable to the other Figures. Directional information such as upper, lower, right or left refer to the described Figure and are to be logically applied to the other Figures.
[0113] FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a formwork shell 12 and a formwork carrier 11 according to an embodiment of a formwork module 1 according to the invention. The formwork module 1 comprises two main components which are separately illustrated in FIG. 1. These main components are, on the one hand, the formwork shell 12 illustrated on the left side and, on the other hand, the formwork carrier 11 illustrated on the right side. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork shell 12 is configured as a panel-shaped, rectangular panel having a constant thickness. The surface of the formwork shell 12 facing rightwards in FIG. 1 and directed towards the formwork carrier 11 is the mounting side 122. The side of the of formwork shell 12 facing leftwards in FIG. 1 and disposed opposite of the mounting side 122 is the concrete side 121 which faces the concrete material when a building or of a building part is erected. In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the formwork shell 12 has a multi-layered design; here, it has a coating on the concrete side 121 which prevents the undesired adhesion of concrete material on the surface of the concrete side. On the mounting side 122 oriented in direction of the formwork carrier 11, a plurality of formwork shell elements 132 is disposed which are part of a connector 13, respectively.
[0114] Here, the formwork carrier 11 illustrated on the right side in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 111 which is formed of metal pipes having a rectangular cross section in the embodiment illustrated here. The frame 11 extends around the formwork carrier 11 here and comprises a strut extending from the top to the bottom in FIG. 1 for additional reinforcement in the centre. The formwork carrier 11 or the frame 111 may of course also be designed in a different manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing the formwork shell 12 has a rectangular shape. However, this shape may also be configured to be, for example, square. Likewise, the formwork carrier 11 may have an irregular shape, for example, with a lateral edge positioned at an acute angle. In the illustrated embodiment, the shape and the size of the mounting side 122 and of the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing the formwork shell are identical. Alternatively, the surface area of the formwork carrier 11 facing the formwork shell 12 may also be selected so that it is larger than the mounting side 122. For example, the formwork carrier 11 may be configured so that it has twice the size of the mounting side 122. In such a solution, two formwork shells 12 may be connected to one formwork carrier 11. Alternatively, the mounting side 122 may of course also be configured to be larger than the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing the formwork shell 12. In this embodiment, a formwork shell 12 may be connected to a plurality of formwork carriers 11. On the side of the formwork carrier 11 oriented in the direction of the formwork shell 12, a plurality of carrier elements 131 is disposed which are part of a connector 13, respectively.
[0115] Respectively one formwork shell element 132 disposed on the formwork shell 12 forms a connector 13 together with respectively one carrier element 131 disposed on the formwork carrier 11. In the embodiment in FIG. 1, the connectors 13 are regularly disposed in the area of the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11 facing backwards while they are unevenly disposed in the area facing forwards. In the rear area of the formwork shell 12, four formwork shell elements 132 are regularly attached in constant intervals. The same applies to their counterparts, namely the four rear carrier elements 131 on the formwork carrier 11. These four connectors 13 have the same configuration and the same dimensions so that they have the same features when being connected and separated. In this area of the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11 facing backwards, the number of connectors 13 provided per surface area is constant. In the centre, both in the longitudinal direction and in the width direction of the formwork shell 12, an additional formwork shell element 132 is disposed opposite of the strut of the frame 111 of the formwork carrier 11 so that, already here, no constant distances exist between the formwork shell elements 132 or the connectors 13. In practice, it has been found that, when the entire formwork module 1 is dismounted from the hardened concrete material formed with the aid of the formwork, larger adhesive forces are present on the concrete material in the peripheral portion of the formwork module 1 than in its centre. In case of a regular arrangement of connectors 13 illustrated in the rear area in FIG. 1, it may therefore occur that, during the detachment of the entire formwork module 1, the formwork shell 12 is unintentionally separated from the formwork carrier 11 in the peripheral portion since the adhesive force between the formwork shell 12 and the hardened concrete material may exceed the threshold separation force of the connector 13 here. To counteract these increased adhesive forces in the edge and corner area of the formwork shell 12, the threshold separation force per surface area may be increased as illustrated in the front part of the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11 in FIG. 1. For example, this may be achieved by arranging connectors 13 or formwork shell elements 132 of identical design in smaller distances to each other like in the corner portion of the corner of the formwork shell 12 facing the front left than in the central area of the mounting side 122. Therefore, the number of connectors 13 per surface area is larger in the corner facing the front left than in the central area of the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11. Another possibility to obtain a higher threshold separation force per surface area is the arrangement of connectors 13 each of which has larger dimensions and therefore a larger threshold separation force than connectors 13 located in the centre. In FIG. 1, such a connector 13 having larger dimensions is schematically shown in the lower left corner of the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11. Therefore, the embodiment in FIG. 1 shows various possibilities for varying the threshold separation force per surface area between the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11. In practice, formwork modules 1 with an increased threshold separation force per surface area on their edge and corners have been found to be more suitable. However, this increased threshold separation force per surface area may be achieved by identical connectors 13 positioned in a smaller distance to each other, by locally disposed connectors 13 having a higher threshold separation force, or by a combination of the two concepts. For example, connectors 13 having a higher threshold separation force may, in addition, comprise a latch element increasing the threshold separation force. Various embodiments of connectors 13 are illustrated and described in detail in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6. Another possibility for increasing the threshold separation force per surface area in the edge or corner portion of the formwork module 1 is to apply a further connecting agent, for example an adhesive, to sections between the mounting side 122 and the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing the formwork shell 12. In the positions in which such a connecting agent is applied, the threshold separation force is additionally increased in this way. However, a material connection provided for by such a connecting agent has to be destroyed when the formwork shell 12 is separated from the formwork carrier 11.
[0116] FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork carrier 11 including a support panel 112. In FIG. 2, a formwork carrier 11 having a shape similar to the embodiment in FIG. 1 can be seen. In FIG. 2, the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing the formwork shell 12 (not illustrated) is oriented upwards. On this side facing upwards, a total of six carrier elements 131 is positioned on the frame 111 of the formwork carrier 11. In contrast to the embodiment of the formwork carrier 11 shown in FIG. 1, the formwork carrier 11 in FIG. 2 comprises a support panel 112 inserted into the frame 111. The surface of the support panel 112 facing upwards is flush with the surface of the frame 111 facing upwards. Here, the frame 111 has a recess configured as shoulder adjacent to its surface oriented upwards and therefore towards the formwork shell 12. The support panel 112 abuts on this shoulder and is fastened to this shoulder, for example by screw connections. Here, two carrier elements 131 are disposed in the surface of the support panel 112 facing upwards. In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, connectors 13 are provided between the frame 111 and the formwork shell 12, and connectors 13 are provided between the support panel 112 and the formwork shell 12. The support panel 112 therefore increases the surface available for disposing connectors 13 between the formwork carrier 11 and the formwork shell 12. Furthermore, the support panel 112 inserted into the frame 111 mechanically reinforces the formwork carrier 11. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the support panel 112 does not fill the entire area within the frame 111. It is therefore possible to insert other support panels 112 or a support panel 112 having larger dimensions into the frame 111. The support panel 112 may therefore selected and connected to the frame 111 depending on the requirements applicable to the erection of a building part.
[0117] FIG. 3 shows a schematic, cut side view of a connector 13 of an embodiment of a formwork module 1 according to the invention. In FIG. 3, details of an embodiment of a connector 13 are illustrated. On the left side of FIG. 3, a cut peripheral portion of the formwork shell 12 is illustrated. In the illustration, it can be seen that the formwork shell 12 has a multi-layered configuration and comprises a coating on its concrete side 121. The formwork shell element 132 is located on the mounting side 122. The actual formwork shell element 132 is illustrated in state in which it is still detached from the formwork shell 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork shell 12 is provided with a formwork shell adapter 14a having an annular design. The formwork shell adapter 14a is attached in the mounting side 122 and flush with the mounting side 122. Here, the formwork shell adapter 14a has a male thread which is connected to the formwork shell 12 on its outer circumference. The formwork shell 12 is formed of a wood material here. The formwork shell adapter 14a is connected to the formwork shell 12 by means of its male thread configured as a self-tapping thread. In its interior, the formwork shell adapter 14a has a female thread provided for establishing a connection to the formwork shell element 132. For example, this female thread may be configured as a metric thread or as a fine thread. The formwork shell element 132 has a formwork shell attachment portion 1323 on its end facing leftwards. This formwork shell attachment portion 1323 is provided with a male thread configured to match the female thread in the formwork shell adapter 14a. The formwork shell element 132 can therefore be connected to the formwork shell adapter 14a in a simple manner with the aid of the formwork shell attachment portion 1323. The formwork shell element 132 can also be separated from the formwork shell adapter 14a and thus the formwork shell 12 in a simple manner by unscrewing. This embodiment benefits a rapid and easy replacement of the formwork shell element 132, for example in the case in which the formwork shell element 132 is worn. The formwork shell element 132 further comprises a shaft 1321. On one end this shaft 1321, the formwork shell attachment portion 1323 is located. On the opposite end of the shaft 1321, the connector head 1322 is located. The shaft 1321 has a central axis which is illustrated as a dashed line in FIG. 3 and located coaxial to the formwork shell adapter 14a, to the carrier element 131 illustrated on the right side, and to the beam adapter 14b. The connector head 1322 serves the force-fitted and form-closed connection of the formwork shell element 132 to the carrier element 131. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector head 1322 has two bending portions 13221 disposed symmetrically to each other or symmetrically to the central axis of the shaft 1321. These bending portions 13221 are configured to be elastically deformable and are compressed in the radial direction when the formwork shell element 1322 is inserted in the direction of the central axis of the shaft 1321. This compression generates an elastic return force in the bending portions 13221 which ultimately provides for the coherence of the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131.
[0118] On the right side of FIG. 3, a cut peripheral portion of the formwork carrier 11 is illustrated. A carrier element 131 is illustrated in a state in which it is, in sections, already connected to the formwork carrier 11. A carrier adapter 14b having an annular configuration is located and fastened in the formwork carrier 11. On its outer circumference, this carrier adapter 14b has a male thread which is screwed into a recess in the formwork carrier 11. On its inner circumference, the carrier adapter 14b has a female thread provided for establishing a connection to the carrier element 131. On its end facing rightwards, the carrier element 131 has a carrier attachment portion 1313 for establishing a connection to the carrier adapter 14b which is configured as a male thread here. About one third of the carrier element 131 or the carrier attachment portion 1313 is screwed into the carrier adapter 14b here. For completing the connection of the carrier element 131 to the formwork carrier 11, the carrier element 131 will be completely screwed into the carrier adapter 14b until the carrier element 131 abuts on the edge of the recess in the formwork carrier 11 which faces rightwards. In this state, the surface of the carrier element 131 facing leftwards is then also flush with the surface of the remaining formwork carrier 11 which faces leftwards. In the illustrated embodiment, the carrier element 131 has a cavity 1311. The shape and size of this cavity 1311 substantially correspond to the shape and size of the connector head 1322, and it is provided for accommodating this connector head 1322. Favourably, the inner diameter of the cavity 1311 relative to the central axis of the shaft 1321 is configured slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the connector head 1322. In this way, the bending portions 13221 of the connector head 1322 are elastically compressed in the state inserted into the cavity 1311 and develop an elastic return force in the process which provides for the support of the connector head 1322 in the cavity 1311. Here, a cylindrically configured insertion recess 1312 is located between the cavity 1311 and the surface of the carrier element 131 which faces leftwards. In the illustrated state, the central axis of this insertion recess 1312 extends coaxial to the central axis of the shaft 1321. The inner diameter of the insertion recess 1312 is configured smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity 1311. In this way, there is an undercut at the transition between the insertion recess 1312 and the cavity 1311. This undercut interacts with the surface of the connector head 1322 which faces leftwards when the formwork shell elements 132 are connected to the carrier element 131 and thereby establishes a form-closed connection between the two elements in addition to the force-fitted connection already described. In the illustrated embodiment, the carrier element 131 has a rigid configuration. However, in an alternative embodiment, elastically deformable portions may also be provided on the carrier element 131. For setting of defining the threshold connecting force and the threshold separation force, a plurality of functional surfaces is disposed on the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131. On its side facing in a direction towards the carrier element 131, the connector head 1322 has an insertion surface 132211 which is positioned at an acute angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321 here on each bending portion 13221. When inserting the formwork shell element 132 into the carrier element 131, this insertion surface 132211 interacts with a bushing insertion surface 13121 located on the left side of the insertion recess 1312 which is also positioned at an angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321. Owing to the angles of these two functional surfaces in the direction of which the movement of the formwork shell element 132 into the carrier element 131 takes place to the central axis of the shaft 1321 the two bending portions 13221 are compressed in the radial direction so that the outer diameter of the connector head 1322 is reduced. Due to this reduced outer diameter, the connector head 1322 now fits through the insertion recess 1312 and can be pushed into the cavity 1311. In the cavity 1311, the bending portions 13221 will elastically return until they abut on the outer diameter of the cavity 1311. In this state, the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are then both force-fitted and form-closed connected to each other. The bending portions 13221 exert a pressure directed radially outwards on the wall of the cavity 1311 and thereby provide for a force-fitted connection. At the same time, the surfaces of the elastically returned bending portions 13221 facing leftwards in the illustration abut on the undercut in vicinity of the interface between the insertion recess 1312 and the cavity 1311 and thereby produce an additional form-closed connection. However, the connection between the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 is configured to be reversible here, i.e., the formwork shell element 132 can be pulled out of the carrier element 131 again in a destruction-free manner. Here, a pulling force in the direction of the central axis of the shaft 1321 which is directed leftwards in the illustration is applied to the formwork shell element 132. At the beginning of the separation of the two elements, a separation surface 132212 located on the connector head 1322 abuts on a bushing separation surface 13122 located in the transition portion between the insertion recess 1312 and the cavity 1311. These two functional surfaces are also positioned at an angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321. Due to the abutment of the separation surface 132212 on the bushing separation surface 13122, the bending portions 13221 are again compressed radially inwards by a pulling force applied to the formwork shell element 132 so that the outer diameter of the connector head 1322 is again reduced so that it fits through the insertion recess 1312. In this way, the formwork shell element 132 can be pulled out of the carrier element 131. Depending on the requirements of the current application, the threshold separation force and the threshold connecting force of the connector can be adapted by means of the size, shape, and particularly the angle of the functional surfaces. In the illustrated embodiment, a replacement of the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 is possible in a particularly easy manner due to the formwork shell adapter 14a and the carrier adapter 14b. For changing the threshold separation force and/or threshold connecting force, simply another combination of formwork shell element 132 and carrier element 131 can be used in this way on the construction site if this is required for the relevant application.
[0119] The embodiment of a connector 13 illustrated in FIG. 3 is not susceptible to thickness tolerances or moisture expansion and shrinkage of the formwork shell 12 in the thickness direction. Typical materials for a formwork shell 12 are wood materials which may expand or shrink depending on the humidity in their environment. At high moisture levels, wood materials tend to expand, that means, their dimensions in the thickness direction increase. In a dry environment, wood materials tend to shrink, that means, their dimensions in the thickness direction decrease. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the entire formwork shell element 132 is located on the edge of the formwork shell 12 which faces rightwards. A change of the thickness of the formwork shell 12 has hardly any effect when the connector 13 is closed when the formwork shell element 132 is fit into the carrier element 131. The change in the thickness of the formwork shell 12 takes place in the direction of the side of the of formwork shell 12 facing away from the connector 13, to the left in FIG. 3. Therefore, changes in the thickness of the formwork shell 12 have no effect on the connection of the formwork shell element 132 to the carrier element 131.
[0120] FIG. 4 shows a schematic, cut side view of a carrier element 131 of an alternative embodiment of a formwork module 1 according to the invention. In FIG. 4, only the side of the formwork carrier 11 including the carrier element 131 is illustrated. For example, the illustrated carrier element 131 may be connected to a formwork shell element 132 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3. In contrast to the embodiment of a carrier element 131 illustrated in FIG. 3, the carrier element 131 in FIG. 4 includes two movably arranged latch elements 1314 which can provide for an additional form-closed connection between the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131. Due to this additional form-closed connection, a higher threshold separation force can be achieved with a carrier element 131 according to the embodiment in FIG. 4 than with the embodiment of a carrier element 131 according to FIG. 3. The carrier element 131 in FIG. 4 is directly connected to the formwork carrier 11, i.e., without the carrier adapter 14b. For example, this connection may be implemented by a press fit. Analogous to the embodiment of the carrier element 131 illustrated in FIG. 3, the carrier element 131 in FIG. 4 has a cavity 1311 and an insertion recess 1312. On the edge of the insertion recess 1312 oriented towards the outer surface of the carrier element 131, a bushing insertion surface 13121 is located. On the side of the insertion recess 1312 facing the cavity 1311, a bushing separation surface 13122 is disposed. These two functional surfaces have the same function as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3. Adjacent to the insertion recess 1312, two recesses facing upwards and downwards in the illustration are located in which two latch elements 1314 are movably supported. The movability of these latch elements 1314 is symbolically illustrated by a double-headed arrow. In a locked state, the latch elements 1314 can be moved into the insertion recess to thereby reduce the clear width of the insertion recess 1312. Likewise, one or more latch elements 1314 may be arranged adjacent to and movable relative to the cavity 1311. For connecting the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131, the two latch elements 1314 are moved back into their recesses so that they do not protrude into the insertion recess 1312. In this opened state, the formwork shell element 132 can be inserted into the carrier element 131 as described in connection with FIG. 3. When the formwork shell element 132 is inserted into the carrier element 131 the latch elements 1314 are moved into the insertion recess 1312 as illustrated in FIG. 4 and will then form an undercut for the connector head 1322 of the formwork shell element 132. In this locked state, an additional form-closed connection between the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 is established by the latch elements 1314, whereby the threshold separation force of the connector 13 is increased. For moving the latch elements 1314, at least one latch mechanism 1315 is provided. This latch mechanism 1315 translates an actuating movement into a movement of the latch elements 1314. In FIG. 4, various possibilities relating to the arrangement and to the functionality of the latch mechanism 1315 are illustrated. Extending to the right in the illustration, a latch mechanism 1315 is arranged which is accessible from the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing away from the formwork shell 12. Here, the latch mechanism 1315 comprises a shaft provided with a key section on its end facing rightwards. An operator can turn this key section with an associated tool or also by hand. This rotational movement is translated into a movement of the latch elements 1314 by the shaft of the latch mechanism 1315. As an alternative to a rotational movement, the latch mechanism 1315, as illustrated by dashed lines, may also be configured so that a translational movement moves the latch elements 1314 as symbolised by the double-headed arrow in the dashed area. Such a translational movement is easier to perform for an operator than a rotational movement. An alternative arrangement of the latch mechanism 1315 is illustrated as oriented downwards starting from the carrier element 131. This illustration shows a design which is analogous to the illustration facing rightwards and shows a latch mechanism 1315 operated by a rotating movement in solid lines, and a latch mechanism 1315 operated by a translational movement in dashed lines. This means that only one of the illustrated latch mechanisms 1315 can be provided. The arrangement of the latch mechanism 1315 depends on from which side the latch mechanism 1315 is to be accessible. Of course, also other arrangements and accessibilities of the latch mechanism 1315 are feasible, for example, starting from the carrier element 131, upwards in the direction of the boundary of the formwork carrier 11. Moreover, a latch mechanism 1315 may also be configured so that it is operable by remote control, for example by radio. In such an embodiment operable by remote control, no direct access to the latch mechanism 1315 is required which is advantageous in areas poorly accessible during the erection of building parts.
[0121] FIG. 5 shows a schematic, cut side view of a connector 13 of another embodiment of a formwork module 1 according to the invention. In FIG. 5, an embodiment of a connector 13 is illustrated which, as compared to the embodiments described above, involves a reversal in shape or function: in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the carrier element 131 disposed on the right side of the formwork carrier 11 is configured so that it projects and comprises a cylindrical shaft 134 as well as a connector head 135 projecting beyond this shaft 134. In this embodiment, the carrier element 131 comprises no cavity and no elastically deformable portions. On one end of its shaft 134, the carrier element 131 is connected to the formwork carrier 11 by means of a screw connection. Of course, this connection may also be configured differently, for example as a press-fit connection or as an adhesive connection. The shaft 134 of the carrier element 131 has a central axis which, in FIG. 5, is aligned coaxial to the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 illustrated on the left side. In this embodiment, the connector head 135 of the carrier element 131 is not configured to be rotationally symmetrical about its central axis. On the side of the connector head 135 facing upwards in FIG. 5, it is levelled. In this way, the connector head 135 is insertable into the undercut cavity 136 of the formwork shell element 132. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork shell element 132 is completely located within the formwork shell 12 and does not project beyond it anywhere. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork shell 12 has a continuous recess in which the formwork shell element 132 is arranged. This recess is accessible both from the concrete side 121 and from the mounting side 122. On the concrete side 121, the recess is covered by a cover 138. This cover 138 can be removed from the recess in a simple manner. The cover 138 may, for example, be configured as a plastic cap which can be levered off with the aid of a flat screwdriver from the concrete side 121. The cover 138 is configured so that it does not or only to a very small extent project beyond the surface of the concrete side 121. In this way, it is ensured that, in the production of a building part with the aid of the formwork shell 12, no undesired imprint caused by the cover 138 is caused on the produced building part. The formwork shell element 132 has an undercut cavity 136 facing rightwards. This undercut cavity 136 is substantially cylindrical and configured so that it is hollow inside. On the side of the undercut cavity 136 oriented in the direction of the formwork carrier 11, a barrier wall 136a extending in the circumferential direction is located. This barrier wall 136a has a barrier height 136b varying in the circumferential direction a. This barrier height 136b extends from the outer circumference of the undercut cavity 136 in the direction of the central axis represented by a dashed line, respectively. The barrier height 136b continuously increases in the circumferential direction about the undercut cavity 136. The barrier wall 136a having the varying barrier height 136b serves to establish a form-closed connection to the levelled connector head 135 of the carrier element 131. When, in the state illustrated in FIG. 5, the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11 are combined the levelled connector head 135 can be moved into the undercut cavity 136 past the barrier wall 136a. When the undercut cavity 136 and the barrier wall 136a disposed thereon are rotated, the connector head 135 projecting beyond the shaft 134 is undercut by the barrier wall 136a and thus form-closed arrested in the undercut cavity 136. In this way, the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 and thus the connector 13 formed of these elements are form-closed locked. A rotation of the formwork shell element 132 located in the formwork shell 12 is induced via the key section 137 facing in the direction of the concrete side 121. For example, this key section may be rotated from the concrete side 121 using a tool such as a wrench. A rotational movement applied to the key section 137 is transmitted to the undercut cavity 136 by the shaft 137a. With a rotating movement of the key section 137, therefore, the barrier height 136b of the undercut cavity 136 relative to the connector head 135 is changed, and the connector 13 is locked or, in the reverse direction, unlocked.
[0122] In the embodiment of a connector 13 illustrated in FIG. 5, the formwork shell element 132 extends almost through the complete formwork shell 12 in the thickness direction of the formwork shell 12. Changes in the thickness of the formwork shell 12 which are, for example, caused by an expansion or shrinkage of the material the formwork shell 12 is made of may therefore have an effect on the formwork shell element 132. When the thickness of the formwork shell 12 increases a blockade of the formwork shell element 132 may occur between the key section 137 and the undercut cavity 136. Favourably, a compensating member rendering a change of the length of the shaft 137a possible within certain limits is situated on or in the shaft 137a. Changes in the thickness of the formwork shell 12 can be compensated by this compensating member, and in this way, a stable functionality of the formwork shell element 132 can be ensured even in the event of moisture expansion or shrinkage of the formwork shell 12. For example, such a compensating member may include spring elements.
[0123] FIG. 6 shows a schematic, cut side view of a connector 13 of an alternative embodiment of a formwork module 1 according to the invention. FIG. 6 shows a connector 13 which differs from the embodiments already described. In this embodiment, the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are configured identical in their design and substantially correspond to the carrier element 131 illustrated in and described in connection with FIG. 3. In the embodiment in FIG. 6, both the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 have a cavity 1311 and an insertion recess 1312, respectively. Both the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are rigidly configured and do not comprise any elastically deformable portions. In the illustration, the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are directly connected to the formwork shell 12 or the formwork carrier 11. The carrier element 131 has larger dimensions than the formwork shell element 132. Here, the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are made of a low-wear material, for example of metal or a hard plastic material. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector 13 further comprises an intermediate element 133. This intermediate element 133 has two connector heads 133a and 133b which are fastened on one side of a shaft 133c disposed therebetween, respectively. The connector head 133a facing leftwards is configured smaller than the connector head 133b facing leftwards. The smaller connector head 133a which faces leftwards is provided for establishing a connection to the formwork shell element 132 having smaller dimensions, and the larger connector head 133b facing leftwards is provided for establishing a connection to the carrier element 131 having larger dimensions. Analogous to the connector head 1322 illustrated and described in FIG. 3, the two connector heads 133a and 133b have two elastically deformable bending portions which are elastically deformed during the insertion into the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 and establish a force-fitted and form-closed connection in this way. In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate element 133 is made of an elastically deformable plastic material. For establishing a connection between formwork shell 12 and formwork carrier 11, the connector head 133a is inserted into the formwork shell element 132, and the connector head 133b is inserted into the carrier element 131. The mechanisms and steps described in FIG. 3 apply analogously to this insertion as well as to a subsequent separation. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 is advantageous in that all wear experienced due to the repeated connection and separation of the connector 13 is only produced on the intermediate element 133. Wear can be compensated in a simple manner by exchanging this intermediate element 133. The formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are configured so that they are substantially free of wear and can permanently remain in the formwork shell 12 or in the formwork carrier 12. The connection between the carrier element 131 and the intermediate element 133 is dimensioned larger and has therefore a higher threshold separation force than the connection between the formwork shell element 132 and the intermediate element 133. Thereby, it is ensured that, when a pulling force directed away from the formwork carrier 11 is applied to the formwork shell 12, the threshold separation force between the formwork shell element 132 and the intermediate element 133a is exceeded first, and that, therefore, a separation takes place at this position. During the separation, the intermediate element 133 therefore remains connected to the carrier element 131. If desired, the separation of the formwork carrier 11 from the intermediate element 133 may also take place before a separation of the formwork shell 12 from the intermediate element 133 takes place when the dimensions are reversed. Analogous to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 may also be provided with one or more latch elements 1314.
[0124] FIG. 7 shows a schematic, cut side view of part of an embodiment of a formwork module 1 according to the invention including an edge element 15. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a section of a frame 111, a support panel 112, and a formwork shell 12 of an embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention. On the right side, facing downwards in the illustration, a part of the frame 111 of a formwork carrier 11 is illustrated. On its side facing upwards, the frame 111 comprises a protruding guide rail 1111 here. This guide rail 1111 may extend around the entire frame 111 or part of it. Adjacent to the guide rail 1111, there is a planer portion of the frame 111 in which a carrier element 131 is located. On the left side, adjacent to this planar portion, a shoulder serving the establishment of a connection to the support panel 112 illustrated on the left side is disposed in the frame 111. Such a support panel can also be seen in and was described in connection with FIG. 2. The support panel 112 has a circumferential protrusion corresponding to the shoulder in the frame 111 in size and shape. This protrusion of the support panel 112 is inserted into the frame 111 and connected to it by means of screw connections here. The support panel 112 serves the mechanical stabilisation of the formwork carrier 11 as well as the enlargement of the surface of the formwork carrier 11 which faces the formwork shell 12. In the support panel 112, also a carrier element 131 is located. The carrier element 131 in the support panel 112 has smaller dimensions and therefore a smaller threshold separation force than the carrier element 131 disposed in the frame 111. In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, a connector 13 having a higher threshold separation force than the connector 13 located in the support panel 112 in the central area of the formwork carrier is disposed in the peripheral portion of the formwork carrier 11. This arrangement has been found to be particularly advantageous in practice since, during the detachment of the formwork module 1 after the erection of a building part, the adhesive force of the formwork shell 12 on the erected building part is larger in the peripheral portion of the formwork module 1 than in its centre which, in case of an insufficient threshold separation force in the peripheral portion, may lead to an unintended separation of the formwork shell 12 from the formwork carrier 11. In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, the threshold separation force per surface area of the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11 is larger in their edge and corner portion than in the central area. On the upper side of the illustration in FIG. 7, a section of a formwork shell 12 can be seen. This formwork shell 12 has a multi-layered configuration and a coating on its concrete side 121. On the mounting side 122, the formwork shell 12 has a shoulder 124 extending around the outer circumference, this shoulder 124 having a shape which is complementary to the guide rail 1111 of the frame 111. This means that the guide rail 1111 fits into the shoulder 124. This form-closed connection serves a facilitated connection or positioning of the formwork shell 12 relative to the formwork carrier 11. On the mounting side 122 of the formwork shell 12 facing downwards, two formwork shell elements 132 are disposed which correspond to the carrier element 131 correspondingly arranged opposite and form a connector 13, respectively. On the side of the of formwork shell 12 facing rightwards, an edge element 15 is fitted to the edges located on the circumference of the formwork shell 12. This edge element 15 is configured as a skirting and made of an elastically deformable material, for example a thermoplastic plastic material or a rubber. On the one hand, the edge element 15 serves the mechanical protection of the formwork shell 12 during transport and during the assembly of the formwork module 1. Furthermore, the edge element 15 serves to seal the formwork shell 12 of a formwork module 1 with respect to the formwork shell 12 of another formwork module 1 disposed adjacent thereto in the formwork. Such a further, adjacently arranged formwork module 1 may be arranged in axial symmetry to the boundary of the edge element 15 facing rightwards. In this constellation, the two edge elements 15 of adjacent formwork modules 1 abut on each other. Due to their elastic properties, a good seal between the adjacent formwork shells 12 is ensured. With such a good seal, an excellent surface quality which can be expressed in a high exposed concrete category can be achieved on the building part to be erected. In the illustrated embodiment, the edge element 15 is flush with the concrete side 121 in the thickness direction of the formwork shell 12. However, the edge element 15 may also be configured so that it protrudes beyond the formwork shell 12 in the direction of the concrete side 121 and/or the opposite direction.
[0125] FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork shell 12 including a formwork shell adapter 14a and a formwork shell element 132. In FIG. 8, the peripheral portion of a formwork shell 12 can be seen. In the illustration, the mounting side 122 faces upwards, the circumferential edge 123 can be seen facing forwards. Here, the formwork shell 12 is formed by a multi-layered plywood panel having a coating applied to the concrete side 121 and to the mounting side 122 in a planar manner. The formwork shell adapter 14a is formed by a plastic part here and is form-closed fastened on the mounting side 122 directly adjacent to the edge 123 of the formwork shell 12. On the mounting side 122, the formwork shell 12 has a recess having an undercut in which the peripheral portion of the formwork shell adapter the 14a engages. Here, this recess is formed by a milled recess having a dovetail-shaped peripheral portion. The interaction of the shapes of the recess and of the formwork shell adapter 14a can be seen in detail in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 10. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, the formwork shell adapter 14a was pushed into in the undercut recess in the formwork shell 12 by a linear sliding movement in direction of the arrow shown adjacent to the formwork shell adapter. Due to the interaction of the undercut and of a portion of the formwork shell adapter 14a having a corresponding negative form, a form-closed connection between the two elements was established which acts in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 and therefore prevents a separation of the formwork shell 12 from the formwork shell adapter 14a in this direction. In a plan view of the mounting side 122, the formwork shell adapter 14a has a rectangular portion facing forwards in the illustration and an area having rounded corners facing backwards in the illustration. This design is particularly favourable since it completely fills a recess produced by means of a form cutter rotating in an axis perpendicular to the mounting side 122. In the illustrated embodiment, the surface of the formwork shell adapter 14a facing upwards is flush with the mounting side 122 or offset to the rear relative to the mounting side 122. The formwork shell adapter 14a has a recess 14a1 in its interior into which the formwork shell element 132 is form-closed inserted. On its, in the illustration, right and left side, this recess 14a1 has an undercut, respectively, into which a portion of the formwork shell element 132 is inserted. In this way also, a form-closed connection acting in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 is established between the formwork shell adapter 14a and the formwork shell element 132. The installation of the formwork shell element 132 in the formwork shell adapter 14a is performed by a linear insertion movement of the formwork shell element 132 into the recess 14a1 which is also performed in the direction of the arrow shown adjacent to the formwork shell adapter 14a. The connection between the formwork shell element 132 and the formwork shell adapter 14a is configured to be reversible, that means, the formwork shell element 132 can be exchanged in a simple manner, for example in a case in which it is worn due to repeated use. Moreover, the formwork shell element 132 can be removed, for example also prior to a transport of a plurality of formwork shells 12 stacked on top of each other, to facilitate the stacking of the formwork shells 12. Before the formwork shells 12 are put into service, the formwork shell element 132 may then again be connected to the formwork shell adapter 14a by a simple sliding movement. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork shell element 132 is also formed of a plastic material. On the peripheral portion adjoining the recess 14a1 in the formwork shell adapter 14a in the front, two retaining latches 14a2 are provided which are configured so that they are elastically deformable relative to the remaining formwork shell adapter 14a. When the formwork shell element 132 is inserted, these retaining latches 14a2 are temporarily bent upwards and spring back into their original position when the formwork shell element 132 is completely inserted into the recess 14a1. In this original position, a form-closed connection preventing the formwork shell element 132 from accidentally sliding of out of the formwork shell adapter 14a is established in a direction parallel to the mounting side 122. This form-closed connection is achieved by a hook, respectively, which protrudes beyond a retaining latch 14a2 in the direction of the concrete side, respectively, and, in the illustrated state, forms an undercut for the inserted formwork shell element 132. The two retaining latches 14a2 therefore secure the formwork shell element 132 in the formwork shell adapter 14a. For removing the formwork shell element 132 from the formwork shell adapter 14a, the two retaining latches 14a2 are again elastically bent upwards, whereby the formwork shell element 132 can be pulled out of the recess 14a1. However, the retaining latches 14a2 are not crucially required. For example, an alternative way of securing the formwork shell element S132 in the formwork shell adapter 14a may be implemented by providing for a slight press fit between formwork shell element 132 and the undercut recess 14a1 in addition to the form-closed connection. Due to this press fit, the formwork shell element 132 can then only be pulled out of the formwork shell adapter 14a by overcoming an increased pushing force. With such a mechanism as well, the formwork shell element 132 can be prevented from accidentally falling out of the recess 14a1.
[0126] FIG. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork shell element 132. In FIG. 9, the formwork shell element 132 of FIG. 8 is illustrated separately. This formwork shell element 132 comprises a connector head 1322 on the upper side in the illustration and a shaft 1321 on the lower side in the illustration. The shaft 1321 corresponds to the formwork shell attachment portion 1323 since the connection of the formwork shell element 132 to the formwork shell 12 is established via the formwork shell adapter 14a and the shaft 1321 as interfaces. In FIG. 8, the connection of the formwork shell element 132 to the formwork shell adapter 14a is established via the shaft 1321. Here, the shaft 1321 has three fins 1321a which form portions which are inserted into the undercut of the recess 14a1 in the formwork shell adapter 14a and are thereby brought into a form-closed connection to it. In a plan view of the mounting side 122, the three fins 1321a are regularly distributed around the circumference of the shaft, here at an angle of 120° with respect to each other relative to the centre of the shaft 1321, respectively. Between the fins 1321a, gaps are provided in the circumferential direction. These gaps render a connection of the illustrated formwork shell element 132 to a formwork shell adapter 14a according to the illustration in FIG. 11 possible. Here, the connector head 1322 has four bending portions 13221 regularly arranged around the central axis of the formwork shell element 132. These bending portions 13221 are elastically deformable relative to the shaft 1321. When the formwork shell element 132 is connected to a carrier element 131, the bending portions 13221 are elastically bent inwards in the direction of the central axis of the formwork shell element 132. Each bending portion 13221 has a curved insertion surface 132211 facing upwards on its outer circumference. When the connection to a carrier element 131 is established, this insertion surface 132211, at least in sections, abuts on the carrier element 131. When a normal force is applied to the formwork shell element 132, due to the curvature of the insertion surface 132211, a force acting in the radial direction to the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 is generated which bends the associated bending portion 13221 inwards so that the outer circumference of the connector head 1322 is reduced and it can therefore enter the carrier element 131. Following this entry, no radial force will act on the bending portion 13221 any longer so that it will elastically return so that a form-closed connection is established between the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131. Each bending portion 13221 has, in a distance to the insertion surface 132211, a separation surface 132212 which is also curved, respectively. The curvature of the separation surface 132212 is directed in the opposite direction of the curvature of the insertion surface 132211 or is opposite in sign. During the separation of the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131, the separation surface 132212, at least in sections, abuts on the carrier element 131. When, in this state, a pulling force perpendicular to the mounting side is applied to the formwork shell element 132, the curvature of the separation surface 132212 will induce the generation of a force radial to the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 so that the bending portion 13221 is bent inwards. Due to this elastic deformation, the outer circumference of the connector head 1322 is again reduced so that it can be pulled out of the carrier element 131. The illustrated embodiment of a formwork shell element 132 can therefore be connected to or separated from a carrier element 131 by applying a normal force perpendicular to the mounting side 122 alone. A tool or the like is not required for establishing or separating the connection here. Instead of the illustrated curved implementation, the insertion surface 132211 and the separation surface 132212 may also be configured so that they are planar and inclined, the surfaces being positioned at an angle to the central axis or to a direction perpendicular to the mounting side in such a planar implementation. The insertion surface 132211 and the separation surface 132212 as well as the interaction of these surfaces with the carrier element 131 are analogous to the embodiment in FIG. 3. Therefore, the description of the embodiment in FIG. 3 also applies to the same or analogous components and contexts. An alternative embodiment of a connector head 1322 and thus of a formwork shell element 132 is illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0127] FIG. 10 shows a cut side view of an embodiment of a formwork shell 12 including a formwork shell adapter 14a and a formwork shell element 132. In FIG. 10, a portion similar to the one in FIG. 8 can be seen. While a formwork shell element 132 according to FIG. 9 is installed in the formwork shell adapter 14a in FIG. 8, a formwork shell element 132 having another design is inserted in the formwork shell adapter 14a in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 10. The formwork shell element 132 in FIG. 10 also comprises a connector head 1322 having a plurality of bending portions 13221. These bending portions 13221 have an insertion surface 132211, respectively, which, here as well, is provided for translating a force acting in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 into a force acting radial to the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 which will then bend the bending portion 13221 inwards. Instead of the separation surface 132212 of FIG. 9, the formwork shell element 132 has a retaining surface 132213 oriented parallel to the mounting side 122 in FIG. 10. In a state of the formwork shell element 132 in which it is directly connected to a carrier element 131 or the formwork carrier 11, the retaining surface 132213 abuts on a surface of the formwork carrier 11 or of the carrier element 131 in a planar manner or is positioned parallel to it in a small distance. In this embodiment, when a normal force away from the formwork carrier 11 is applied to the formwork shell element 132 no radial force bending the bending portion 13221 inwards and thereby releasing the form-closed connection to the formwork carrier 11 or the carrier element 131 is generated by the orientation of the retaining surface 132213. The embodiment of a formwork shell element 132 illustrated in FIG. 10 can therefore not be separated from the formwork carrier by a pulling force directed away from it alone. For separating the connection between the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 or the formwork carrier 11, a separating tool 16 has to be used to bend the bending portions 13221 radially inwards and to thereby release the form-closed connection. The use of such a separating tool 16 is illustrated in and described in connection with FIG. 15. With the exception of the different embodiment of the formwork shell element 132, the other elements or components are identical to the illustration in FIG. 8. In the cross-sectional view, it is clearly visible that a, in this view, dovetail-shaped recess is incorporated in the mounting side 122 of the formwork shell 12. In this recess, the also dovetail-shaped formwork shell adapter 14a is inserted in this view. On the right side and the left side, the inclined outer surfaces of the formwork shell adapter 14a abut on likewise inclined inner surfaces of the recess so that a form-closed connection is established in the undercut of the recess. In the illustrated state, therefore, the formwork shell adapter 14a can no longer be removed from the formwork shell 14 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122, in the illustration upwards, and is therefore fixed. The planar surface of the formwork shell adapter 14a facing away from the formwork shell element 132 abuts on a planar surface of the recess in the formwork shell 12 facing in the direction of the mounting side 122. Therefore, the formwork shell adapter 14a abuts on the recess in the formwork shell 12 with three planar surfaces which are oriented in different directions. In the cross-sectional view, it can also be clearly seen that, inside the formwork shell adapter 14a, the recess 14a1 is situated which comprises an undercut on the right and on the left side, respectively. Into each of these undercuts, a fin 1321a of the shaft 1321 of the formwork shell element 132 is inserted, respectively, whereby also a form-closed connection is established between the formwork shell adapter 14a and the formwork shell element 132. The fins 1321a are portions of the formwork shell element 132. Of course, also a formwork shell element 132 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9 can be provided in the formwork shell adapter 14a of FIG. 10.
[0128] FIG. 11 shows a plan view and a side view of an embodiment of a formwork shell adapter 132. In FIG. 11, two views of a formwork shell adapter 14a are shown, on the top in a plan view and below in a side view. Here, the formwork shell adapter 14a represents an alternative embodiment to the embodiments in FIGS. 8 and 10. The embodiment of a formwork shell adapter 14a illustrated in FIG. 11 is connected to the formwork shell 12 (not illustrated) by a press-fit connection. For establishing this press-fit connection, first, a recess without an undercut defined by defining walls extending perpendicular to the mounting side is provided in the mounting side 122 of the formwork shell 12. In the illustrated embodiment of a formwork shell adapter 14a, a cylindrical recess having a planar inner bottom is produced in the formwork shell, for example by milling. Then, the formwork shell adapter 14a is pressed into the recess in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. Here, the outer diameter of the formwork shell adapter 14a is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the recess. The press-fit establishes a force-fitted connection fixing the formwork shell adapter 14a in the formwork shell 12 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. This force-fitted connection is established by press fitting in a plane parallel to the mounting side 122. As can be seen in the side view below in FIG. 11, the formwork shell adapter 14a has a plurality of ribs having insertion slopes facilitating the positioning and press fitting into the formwork shell 12 on its outer circumference here. In the side view illustrated below, the end of the formwork shell adapter 14a facing upwards is open so that a formwork shell element, for example according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, can be introduced into this opening. The plan view illustrated above the side view in FIG. 11 complies with the folding rule and shows the formwork shell adapter 14a with its closed side positioned on the bottom in the side view. Therefore, the inner contour is represented by dashed lines in the plan view. In its interior, the formwork shell adapter 14a also has a recess having a substantially cylindrical configuration here. The three retaining ribs 14a3 protrude radially into the inside of the recess from the inner wall of the recess. Between the retaining ribs 14a3 and the inner bottom surface of the recess in the formwork shell adapter 14a an undercut is formed, respectively, which can be brought into a form-closed connection to a section of the formwork shell element 132. The three retaining ribs 14a3 are disposed on the inner circumference of the formwork shell adapter 14a in regular intervals in the circumferential direction. In the plan view, the three retaining ribs 14a3 are, relative to the centre of the formwork shell adapter 14a, oriented at an angle of 120° with respect to each other, respectively. The three fins 1321a of the formwork shell element 132 of FIG. 9 may be pushed into the recess in the formwork shell adapter 14a between the three retaining ribs 14a3. With a subsequent rotation of the formwork shell element 132 relative to the formwork shell adapter 14a, a form-closed connection similar to a bayonet lock can be established between the formwork shell adapter 14a and the formwork shell element 132. Due to the rotation of the fins 1321a below the retaining ribs 14a3, the formwork shell element 132 is fixed in the formwork shell adapter 14a in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. This rotational movement for mounting and dismounting the formwork shell element 132 can be easily performed by hand so that the formwork shell element 132 can be conveniently exchanged. Instead of the press fit in the formwork shell 12, it is also possible to fix the formwork shell adapter 14a illustrated in FIG. 11 with the aid of connecting elements, for example screws.
[0129] FIG. 12 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a formwork shell 12 comprising a plurality of formwork shell adapters 14a. In FIG. 12, a formwork shell can be seen in a plan view of its mounting side 122. On the left side, the entire formwork shell 12 can be seen, on the right side, a detailed view of the portion marked by a circle on the left side is shown. In the overall view on the left side, various formwork shell adapters 14a are incorporated on the left upper edge. In the remaining portion of the formwork shell 12, a plurality of already prepared recesses A can be seen. First, the installed formwork shell adapters 14a will be described with reference to the detailed view shown on the right side. On the edges of the formwork shell 12, directly adjacent to the edges, two formwork shell adapters 14a according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 are disposed. These formwork shell adapters 14a are inserted into the formwork shell 12 from the edge and, in the illustrated state, fixed by a form-closed connection to the formwork shell 12 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. Into these formwork shell adapters 14a disposed on the edge, formwork shell elements 132 may be introduced and removed again in a simple manner by a sliding movement. For example, formwork shell elements 132 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9 may be inserted into these formwork shell adapters 14a. Spaced apart from the edge of the formwork shell 12, another formwork shell adapter 14a can be seen which is not disposed directly adjacent to the edge. This formwork shell adapter 14a which is spaced apart from the edge is configured according to FIG. 11 and connected to the formwork shell 12 by a press-fit connection. A formwork shell element 132 can be inserted into the formwork shell adapter 14a spaced apart from the edge in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 and form-closed connected to the formwork shell adapter 14a by a rotational movement about an axis perpendicular to the mounting side 122. The number and distribution the formwork shell adapters 14a illustrated in FIG. 12 is exemplary. A different number of formwork shell adapters 14a may also be provided, likewise, the distribution the formwork shell adapters 14a across the formwork shell may be different. For example, a plurality of formwork shell adapters 14a according to FIG. 11 may be provided in a press-fit connection at a distance from the edge. Alternatively, or in addition, also formwork shell adapters 14a according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 may be form-closed connected to the formwork shell 12 at a distance from the edge. For such a connection, an insertion portion first permitting the production of a recess having an undercut in the formwork shell 12 and then allowing the form-closed insertion of a formwork shell adapter 14a into the formwork shell 12 is required in the formwork shell 12. Finally, it is also possible that formwork shell adapters 14a according to both the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 and the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 are disposed in a distance to the edge of the formwork shell. Finally, also formwork shell adapters 14a according to the embodiment of FIG. 11 may be connected to the formwork shell 12 in a press-fit connection directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork shell 12. In the overall view on the left side of FIG. 12, a state can be seen which occurs during the installation of the formwork shell adapters 14a in the formwork shell 12. In the upper left corner, the formwork shell adapters 14a are already connected to the formwork shell, in the remaining portion of the formwork shell 12, the prepared recesses A are still unequipped. Formwork shell adapters 14a may be inserted into all of the prepared recesses A. Moreover, it is also possible to dispose formwork shell adapters 14a in only part the prepared recesses A. Finally, further recesses A in other positions may be added and provided with formwork shell adapters 14a. Preferably, the formwork shell adapters 14a and their connection to the formwork shell 12 are configured so that they remain connected to the formwork shell 12 throughout its life cycle. With the connector 13 according to the invention, significant wear during an exchange and restructuring of a formwork 12 only occurs on the very easily replaceable formwork shell element 132.
[0130] FIG. 13 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a carrier element 131 and of a formwork shell element 132. In FIG. 13, a further implementation of a connector 13 is illustrated. A carrier element 131 and a formwork shell element 132 are shown in the unmounted state. On the right side, the formwork shell element 132 can be seen which comprises a shaft 1321 disposed beneath and a connector head 1322 facing upwards. The shaft 1321 corresponds to the formwork shell attachment portion 1323 since the connection of the formwork shell element 132 to the formwork shell 12 takes place via the formwork shell adapter 14a and the shaft 1321 as interfaces. Here, the connector head 1322 has four bending portions 13221 which are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the formwork shell element 132. The four bending portions 13221 enclose a bending recess 13222. Similar to the embodiment described in FIG. 3, the bending portions 13221 are elastically deformed when the formwork shell element 132 is connected to the carrier element 131. In contrast to the embodiments of a formwork shell element in FIG. 3, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10, the bending portions 13221 are elastically bent to the outside in the embodiment of FIG. 13, away from the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 and away from the bending recess 13222. In the embodiment shown, the shaft 1321 is configured as a closed circular disc. The outer peripheral portion of this circular disc may be inserted into, for example, a formwork shell adapter 14a according to the embodiment of FIG. 8. Due to the established form-closed connection, the formwork shell element 132 can be connected to the formwork shell 12 in a simple manner by such a formwork shell adapter 14a. Therefore, a convenient exchangeability of the formwork shell element 132 is also given in this embodiment. The carrier element 131 illustrated on the left side is provided for the direct connection to the formwork carrier 11, that means, preferably without an interposed carrier adapter 14b. In the centre of the carrier element 131, a gripping portion 1316 protruding beyond adjacent portions is disposed. This gripping portion 1316 is encompassed by the bending portions 13221 when a connection to the formwork shell element 132 is established. During the establishment of such a connection, the gripping portion 1316 enters the bending recess 13222 between the bending portions 13221. Assuming a cylindrical basic shape, the gripping portion 1316 is provided with a protrusion 1316a disposed roughly in the centre of its height here. In a cross-sectional view through the central axis of the carrier element 131 as shown in FIG. 14, the protrusion 1316a protrudes to the central axis of the carrier element 131 in the radial direction.
[0131] In this way, an undercut which can be used for establishing a form-closed connection to the tips of the bending portions 13221 of the formwork shell element 132 facing inwards emerges below the portion of the protrusion 1316a protruding the furthest in the radial direction to the central axis. For facilitating the establishment of the connection, an insertion slope 13221b oriented towards the central axis and the bending recess 13222 is disposed on the side of the bending portions 13221 facing away from the shaft 1321. When a connection to the carrier element 131 is established this insertion slope 13221b is moved above the end of the gripping portion 1316 facing upwards in the illustration and guides the bending recess 13222 to the gripping portion 1316 during the remaining advance movement. During the advancement of the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 in a direction parallel to the central axes of the two elements, the bending portions 13221 are pushed radially outwards and guided around the gripping portion 1316 and the protrusion 1316a in this way by the insertion slope 13221b. In the connected position of the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131, the end portions of the bending portions 13221 facing away from the shaft 1321 encompass the protrusion 1316a on the outer surface of the gripping portion 1316 and engage in the undercut disposed below the protrusion 1316a. In this way, then, the formwork shell element 132 and the carrier element 131 are connected to each other both by a form-closed connection and by a force-fitted connection between the bending portions 13221 and the gripping portion 1316.
[0132] Around the gripping portion 1316, a bending portion accommodation 1317 is disposed. Here, this bending portion accommodation 1317 is configured as an annular channel which extends around and completely surrounds the gripping portion 1316. The bending portion accommodation 1317 accommodates the radial bending portions 13221 bent radially outwards when the connector 13 is connected.
[0133] To the outside, the bending portion accommodation 1317 is defined by a guiding portion 1318. This guiding portion 1318 has an annular configuration and encloses the gripping portion 1316 in the circumferential direction. The height of the guiding portion 1318 substantially corresponds to three quarters of the height of the gripping portion 1316 here. The guiding portion 1318 is provided for guiding the carrier element 131 during the installation in a support panel 112 or, in the reverse, for guiding the support panel 112 relative to the fastened carrier element 131. This function is more clearly visible in FIG. 14. Finally, the carrier element 131 has a bottom portion 1320 connecting the gripping element 1316 to the guiding member 1318. The bottom portion 1320 is configured as a circular disc and has planar surfaces on the, in the illustration, upper and lower side.
[0134] In the centre of the carrier element 131, an attachment portion 1319 concentric to the gripping portion 1316 is disposed. This attachment portion is provided for fastening the carrier element 131 on a frame 111 or on a support panel 112 of the formwork carrier 11. Here, the attachment portion 1319 comprises a cylindrical recess 1319a extending along the central axis of the carrier element 131. Through this recess 1319a, for example, a connecting element such as a screw can be passed. A tapered receptacle 1319b provided for accommodating a head of a connecting element, for example a screw head, is disposed adjacent to the side of the recess 1319a facing upwards. In this embodiment, a countersunk screw by means of which the carrier element 131 is then screwed to the formwork carrier 11 can be inserted into the attachment portion 1319. By providing the receptacle 1319b, the screw head is completely embedded in the carrier element 131 and therefore protected. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide no recess in the attachment portion 1319 but to integrate a fastening element protruding downwards beyond the carrier element 131 in the carrier element 131. For example, this can be realised by injecting a screw or a similar fastening element into the carrier element 131 as a moulded plastic part during the production of the carrier element 131. In the illustrated embodiment, as regarded from the inside to the outside in a plan view, the attachment portion 1319, the gripping portion 1316, the bending portion accommodation 1317, and the guiding portion 1318 have an annular configuration and are arranged concentrically to each other.
[0135] In this embodiment of a connector 13, the carrier element 131 disposed on the formwork carrier 11 has no cavity having a small volume. Empirically, the risk of contamination on the construction site is higher on the side of the formwork carrier 11 than on the mounting side 122 of the formwork shell. For this reason, it is advantageous that the carrier side which is more at risk of being contaminated comprises no cavity having a small volume which might become filled with contaminants and accidentally closed thereby. The embodiment of a carrier element 131 illustrated in FIG. 13 is therefore less susceptible to contamination, or potentially encountered contaminants can be cleanly removed from the high-volume bending portion accommodation 1317 in a simple manner due to the design. This increases the reliability of the connector 13.
[0136] FIG. 14 shows a partly cut, schematic side view of an embodiment of a connector 13. In FIG. 14, the connector 13 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is shown in the installed and closed state. In the lower part of the illustration, a formwork shell 12 can be seen into which a formwork shell adapter 14a according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 is form-closed inserted. In the formwork shell adapter 14a, a formwork shell element 132 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13 is inserted and form-closed fixed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork shell 12. The formwork shell 12 abuts on the formwork carrier 11 which is illustrated only in sections here. The formwork carrier 11 comprises a frame 111 shown on the upper side in the illustration to which a support panel 112 is attached. A possible interaction of the frame 111 and the support panel 112 is illustrated in FIG. 2. In the illustrated form, the support panel 112 receives a large part of the forces transmitted to the formwork shell 12 by concrete and from there to the formwork carrier 11. The support panel 112 is therefore positioned in the flow of forces between the formwork shell 12 and the frame 111. The provision of such a support panel 112 is advantageous in that the formwork shell 12 itself needs to be less bending-resistant than in a case in which no support panel 112 is provided. Therefore, the formwork shell 12 can be thinner and therefore more light-weight and cost-effective. For example, the support panel 112 may be formed by two metal sheets arranged parallel to each other between which a corrugated metal sheet is disposed for increasing the bending resistance. Alternatively, the support panel 112 can also be a massive metal plate, a plywood panel, or another panel. In the illustrated embodiment, the carrier element 131 is positioned and fastened within the support panel 112. In the illustrated, closed state of the connector 13, the bending portions 13221 encompass the gripping portion 1316. Here, the ends of the bending portions 13221 facing upwards in the illustration are in engagement with an undercut which is situated between the protrusion 1316a and the bottom portion 1320. In this way, there is a form-closed connection fixing the formwork shell element 132 relative to the carrier element 131 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork shell 12. A connector 13 according to the illustrated embodiment can be separated by only applying a normal force directed away from the formwork carrier 11 to the formwork shell 12. On the radially inner side of the bending portions 13221, separation surfaces 13221c are situated, respectively, which are inclined relative to central axis of the formwork shell element 132 in the connected to state. In the illustrated connected state, these separation surfaces 13221c respectively abut on a flank surface 1316b which is also inclined and located on the outer circumference of the gripping portion 1316 in the area of the undercut. The flank surface 1316b is disposed between the protrusion 1316a and the bottom portion 1320. When a normal force is applied to the formwork shell element 132 a force directed radially outwards which elastically deforms the bending element 13221 to the outside is generated by the abutment of separation surface 13221c on the flank surface 1316b so that the form-closed connection to the gripping portion 1316 is released. In this way, the formwork shell element 132 can be pulled off the carrier element 131. This connection is also completely reversible and can be closed and separated multiple times. In the centre of the carrier element 131, the attachment portion 1319 is disposed into which a fastening element in form of a screw S is inserted here. The screw head of the screw S is inserted in the receptacle 1319b here, the shaft of the screw S passes the recess 1319a. The screw S extends through a hole in the support panel 112 and is screwed into a female thread in the frame 111. In this way, the support panel 112, together with the carrier element 131, is connected to the frame 111 by the screw S. Here, the carrier element 131 has an effect similar to a washer, the large, planar surface of the bottom portion 1320 facing away from the formwork shell element 132 serving as bearing surface on the support panel 112. With this large bearing surface, only small tensions are introduced into the support panel 112 by the connection so that an extremely long-term stable connection is provided. As can be clearly seen, a recess with inclined walls accommodating the carrier element 131 is provided in the support panel 112. For example, this recess may be produced by embossing so that the recess is, at the same time, a corrugation. Alternatively, the recess may also be milled into the support panel 112. During the installation of the carrier element 131 in the support panel 112, the guiding portion 1318 disposed on the outside of the carrier element 131 serves as an abutment surface on the inner walls of the recess in the support panel 112. In this way, the carrier element 131 can be easily inserted into the support panel 112 and secured on the frame 111 with the aid of the screw S there. In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, the carrier element 131 has a double function: on the one hand, it constitutes the functional counterpart of the formwork shell element 132, whereby a reversibly releasable connector 13 is formed. On the other hand, the carrier element 131, at the same time, serves as a supporting fastening element for fastening a support panel 112 on the frame 111 of a formwork carrier 11. With this combination of functions, the number of components as well as the installation time for the assembly of a formwork carrier 11 can be significantly reduced while, at the same time, an excellent connection of the elements to each other is guaranteed. In the illustrated embodiment, the carrier element 131 comprises the projecting gripping portion 1316 entering the bending recess 13222 of the formwork shell element 132. Alternatively, this design may also be configured exactly the other way round. Therefore, a carrier element 131 having the double function of also serving as a supporting fastening element for the support panel 112 may also be provided with a rigid cavity, and the associated formwork shell element 132 may comprise a connector head 1322 which is elastically deformed to the inside when the connection is established. Therefore, the embodiment in FIG. 14 may also be combined with a connecting principle as shown, for example, in FIG. 3. In such an embodiment having a reversed design or deformation function of the carrier element 131 and the formwork shell element 132 as well, a bottom portion 1320 with an attachment portion 1319 arranged concentrically thereto may be provided for also realising the function similar to a washer described above in this embodiment.
[0137] FIG. 15 shows a cut side view of an alternative formwork module 1 including a separating tool 16 which is in engagement with a formwork shell element 132. The illustration in FIG. 15 relates to an alternative embodiment of a formwork module 1 not according to the invention. The alternative formwork module 1 also comprises a formwork shell 12 which is illustrated in a cut state on the lower side of the illustration. Furthermore, the formwork module 1 comprises a formwork carrier 11 which is only illustrated in sections here. In FIG. 15, only part of a frame 111 of the formwork carrier 11 can be seen. Here, the connector 13 is a combination of a formwork shell element 132 connected to the formwork shell via a formwork shell adapter 14a, and a carrier element 131 formed by a recess in the formwork carrier 11, particularly in the frame 111 of the formwork carrier 111 here. Alternatively, the connector 13 may also be formed exclusively by the formwork shell element 132 here, and the recess in the formwork carrier 11 can be regarded as a part or component of the formwork carrier 11. In contrast to the embodiments illustrated and described above, the connector 13 or the formwork shell 12 and the formwork carrier 11 cannot be separated by applying a pulling force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork shell 12 alone in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15. For separating the connector 13, it is required that a separating tool 16 is brought in engagement with the formwork shell element 132 to elastically deform it in sections. In FIG. 15, the same embodiment of a formwork shell element 132 as in FIG. 10 can be seen in a state cut at the bottom. With respect to the formwork shell 12, the formwork shell adapter 14a, and the formwork shell element 132, therefore, the description relating to FIG. 10 is referred to. In the state illustrated in FIG. 15, the connector head 1322 is inserted in a recess in the frame 111, and there is a form-closed connection between the bending portions 13221 and the recess in the frame 111. On the opposite side of the frame 11, another recess is situated through which the separating tool 16 is inserted here. This separating tool 16 has a recess having a cylindrical cross section in its interior. In the illustrated embodiment, the separating tool 16 is formed by a cylindrical pipe section. The end of the separating tool 16 directed downwards in the illustration is partly guided above the connector head 1322. The peripheral portion of the cylindrical recess in the separating tool 16 abuts on respectively one tool engagement surface 13221a of each bending portion 13221. In the illustrated embodiment, the tool engagement surface 13221a is identical to the insertion surface 132211. Here, the tool engagement surface 13221a is inclined to the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 and of the separating tool 16. When, starting from the state illustrated in FIG. 15, a force in direction of the arrow which is directed downwards in the illustration is applied to the separating tool 16 a force directed radially inwards relative to the central axis of the formwork shell element 132 is generated on each bending portion 13221 by the engagement of the lower edge of the separating tool 16 with the tool abutment surfaces 13221a. These forces are represented by two arrows directed towards the central axis. The bending portions 13221 are elastically bent inwards by these radially acting forces, whereby the form-closed connection between the connector head 1322 and the recess in the frame 111 is released. When the separating tool 16 is then moved in an, in the illustration, downwards direction the formwork shell element 132 is pushed out of the formwork carrier 11 without being damaged in the process. After the removal of the separating tool 16, the bending portions 13221 elastically return to the shape which can be seen in FIG. 15. Therefore, in this embodiment as well, the connector 13 or the formwork shell element 132 can be reversibly separated from the formwork carrier 11 and therefore used multiple times. Should the formwork shell element 132 experience wear after repeated use it can be exchanged in the formwork shell adapter 14a in a simple manner as described in connection with the other embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, it is quite easy to perform the handling of the separating tool 16 since it is simply inserted into a recess from the side of the formwork carrier 11 facing away from the formwork shell 12 and can then be subjected to a force in the direction of the formwork shell 12. For example, this force may be applied by a hammer blow onto the end of the separating tool 16 protruding from the formwork carrier 11. In this way, the formwork shell 12 can be quickly removed from the formwork carrier 11 and exchanged if required.
