EXTRUSION TECHNIQUE FOR FORMING POLYMER PREFORMS, AND TUBE-FORMING TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Methods, apparatuses, systems, and techniques relate to a tube-forming device for an extruder unit or an extrusion device and a tube-forming process. The tube-forming device comprises at least one shaping sleeve, which is designed to shape a supplied stream of polymer melt from a substantially strand-like cross section into a tubular cross section. The shaping sleeve has a guiding passage embedded in the sleeve wall, such that the guiding passage is a cavity which lies within the sleeve wall and, in the radial direction of the shaping sleeve, is enclosed in a sealed manner with respect to the outer surfaces.

Claims

1. A tube-forming device for an extruder unit or an extrusion device, the tube-forming device comprising: a shaping sleeve which is designed to shape a supplied stream of polymer melt from a substantially strand-like cross section (QS) into a tubular cross section (QT), wherein the shaping sleeve has a guiding passage embedded in a sleeve wall, such that the guiding passage is a cavity which lies within the sleeve wall and, in a radial direction of the shaping sleeve, is enclosed in a sealed manner with respect to outer surfaces.

2. The tube-forming device of claim 1, wherein the guiding passage has a spiral section which comprises multiple helical paths which, in axial direction of a guiding sleeve, lie next to one another or transition into one another or both.

3. The tube-forming device of claim 1, wherein the guiding passage has a spiral section which comprises multiple helical paths, a cross-sectional contour of which is delimited in the radial direction of a guiding sleeve on both sides by a spherical contour, in particular by a circular contour or an elliptical contour.

4. An extruder unit for producing preforms with a tube-like wall made of a polymer melt, the extruder unit comprising: a dispensing tool with a nozzle body and a mandrel body which can be or is arranged in the nozzle body, wherein, between an inner contour of the nozzle body and an outer contour of the mandrel body, a melt passage (SP) with a tubular cross section (QT) is formed, which leads outward to an annular gap, wherein the extruder unit comprises a tube-forming device.

5. The extruder unit of claim 4, wherein the extruder unit further comprises: a profiling device; and a throttling device.

6. The extruder unit of claim 5, wherein: the profiling device has a continuous melt passage (SP) and is designed to receive a stream of polymer melt with a tubular cross section on an inlet side and to dispense the stream of polymer melt with a tubular cross section (QT) on an outlet side; the profiling device comprises a base body with an outer portion and an inner portion between which the melt passage is formed; the outer portion and the inner portion each have separate fastening structures on the inlet side, which are designed to connect the outer portion to an outer section of the tube-forming device and to connect the inner portion to an inner section of the tube-forming device; and the outer portion and the inner portion have additional respective separate fastening structures on the outlet side, which are designed to connect the outer portion to the nozzle body of the dispensing tool and to connect the inner portion to the mandrel body of the dispensing tool.

7. The extruder unit of claim 6, wherein the base body has at least one sliding section which is designed to lengthen or shorten the outer portion, and to lengthen or shorten the inner portion, so that a relative position of outlet-side fastening structures can be set.

8. The extruder unit claim 4, further comprising: at least two different profiling devices which can alternately be connected to the dispensing tool and to the tube-forming device, and wherein the multiple profiling devices have at least two of the following design types: design for profiling exclusively by the nozzle body movement (nozzle body movable relative to stationary mandrel body); design for profiling exclusively by the mandrel body movement (mandrel body movable relative to stationary nozzle body); design for profiling by combined or alternating nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement (mandrel body and nozzle body actively movable).

9. The extruder unit of claim 8, wherein fastening structures of the multiple profiling devices have a matching interface geometry.

10. The extruder unit of claim 5, wherein the throttling device comprises one or multiple throttle pins, a dorsal end of which in each case can be introduced into a melt passage (SP) of an extrusion device, in order to reduce a throughflow cross section of a melt passage (SP).

11. The extruder unit of claim 4, wherein a throttle pin is supported or fixed at a distal end in axial direction of the throttle pin on a movable guiding element, wherein, in a region which is offset transversely with respect to the axial direction of the throttle pin, the movable guiding element is supported on a movable setting component, such that a movement of the setting component by the movable guiding element can be converted into an axial movement of the throttle pin.

12. The extruder unit of claim 4, further comprising: an overpressure fluid supply, wherein the overpressure fluid supply has in particular a fluid-conducting connection through one or more aligned passage openings up to an outlet-side front wall of the mandrel body.

13. The extruder unit of claim 4, further comprising: an extrusion device.

14. The extruder unit of claim 13, wherein the extrusion device further comprises: a melt receiving device, wherein the melt receiving device and the extruder unit are connected via a melt passage (SP).

15. The extruder unit of claim 14, wherein the melt receiving device has a hollow guide body, in a cavity of which a melt passage (SP) is formed, and wherein, in the cavity, a stirring body, which converges to a point in flow direction (FR) of the polymer melt, is arranged, which the stirring body can be rotated about a rotation axis, and wherein, on an inlet side of the melt receiving device, between the hollow guide body and the stirring body, the melt passage (SP) has a cross section (Q1) in the shape of an annular gap and, on an outlet side of the melt receiving device, a full-surface cross section (Q2).

16. The extruder unit of claim 15, wherein the stirring body has a tip arranged eccentrically relative to the rotation axis.

17. The extruder unit of claim 15, wherein the stirring body, in the flow direction (FR), has a first section which has the shape of a truncated cone or truncated prism, and a second section which has the shape of a pointed cone or of a pointed pyramid, wherein a cone apex or pyramid apex is a tip of the stirring body.

18. The extruder unit of claim 15, wherein an inner contour of the hollow guide body, in the flow direction (FR), first has a wide cylindrical section in which a first portion of the stirring body is arranged, and subsequently a funnel section in which at least one additional portion of the stirring body is arranged.

19. The extruder unit of claim 13, wherein the extrusion device further comprises: a melt distributor (3) which is designed to divide a stream of polymer melt which can be supplied by the melt receiving device into multiple sub-streams.

20. The extruder unit of claim 13, wherein the extrusion device further comprises at least one redirection.

21. The extruder unit of claim 13, wherein the extrusion device further comprises a movement device designed to actuate at least one and preferably multiple profiling devices.

22. (canceled)

23. A tube-forming process for shaping a stream of polymer melt, comprising: providing a tube-forming device with at least one shaping sleeve, supplying the stream of polymer melt with a substantially strand-like cross section (QS) to an inlet side of the at least one shaping sleeve, characterized by: shaping the stream of polymer melt within the at least one shaping sleeve into a tubular cross section (QT), wherein at least one shaping sleeve is designed to shape a supplied stream of polymer melt from a substantially strand-like cross section (QS) into the tubular cross section (QT), wherein the shaping sleeve has a guiding passage embedded in a sleeve wall, such that the guiding passage is a cavity which lies within the sleeve wall and, in a radial direction of the shaping sleeve, is enclosed in a sealed manner with respect to outer surfaces.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The following is represented by way of examples and diagrammatically in the drawings. The drawings show:

[0045] FIG. 1: The course of a branched melt passage through an extrusion device according to the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 2: an exploded representation of an extrusion device in a second example variant;

[0047] FIG. 3: an enlarged representation of a melt passage within an extruder unit;

[0048] FIG. 4: a diagrammatic cross-sectional representation of a melt receiving device;

[0049] FIGS. 5-6: an exploded representation and a cross-sectional representation of a tube-forming device;

[0050] FIG. 7: a cross-sectional representation of an alternative example of a tube-forming device;

[0051] FIGS. 8-11: cross-sectional representations of an extruder unit, on the one hand, with a profiling device for the nozzle body movement and, on the other hand, with a profiling device for the mandrel body movement;

[0052] FIG. 12: diagrammatic comparative representations of preforms with a wall profiling;

[0053] FIG. 13: an isolated cross-sectional representation of a dispensing tool;

[0054] FIGS. 14-19: various representations for explaining a throttling device in different example variants;

[0055] FIGS. 20-21: a perspective cross-sectional representation of a melt supplying device with integrated melt receiving device;

[0056] FIGS. 22-23: an exploded representation and an oblique view of a profiling device for the nozzle body movement with dispensing tool;

[0057] FIGS. 24-25: representations analogous to FIGS. 22 and 23, relating to a profiling device for the mandrel body movement;

[0058] FIGS. 26-29: representations of a shaping sleeve of a tube-forming device with multiple melt passages embedded in the wall; and

[0059] FIGS. 30A and 30B: example variants of a stirring body represented individually, in an oblique view above, in a top view along the rotation axis below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the components of an extrusion device (1) according to the present disclosure, highlighting the melt passage (SP) through which a polymer melt is guided. In FIG. 1, the melt passage (SP) extends from a melt receiving device (2) through a distributor (3) and via a redirection (5) through a throttling device (6). Subsequently, the melt passage (SP) extends via a branching (7) through a tube-forming device (8), a profiling device (9) and the dispensing tool (10).

[0061] In the example of FIG. 1, the extrusion device (1) has an extrusion head (12) with a melt distributor (3) which divides a supplied melt stream into a total of 7 sub-streams, each supplied to a separate extruder unit (4). An extrusion head contains at least one preferably two or more extruder units (4). The extrusion head is preferably surrounded on the outlet-side end by a free space.

[0062] An extrusion device (1) according to the present disclosure and in particular its extrusion head (12) preferably has a modular design with standardized interfaces. As desired, the melt distributor (3) can have two, three, four, five, six, seven or any other number of dispensing melt passages (SP). Each melt passage (SP) leading away from the melt distributor (3) can be associated with exactly one extruder unit. Alternatively, on a melt passage leading away, a plurality of extruder units can be associated, which, for example, can be connected in a melt-conducting manner via a tool exchange device and operated simultaneously or alternatingly.

[0063] The multiple extruder units (4) can have the same design or a different design among themselves. On the outlet side with respect to an extruder unit, for example, a blow mold (so-called cavity, not represented) can be arranged or connected. In an injection mold, a preform can be expanded by introducing a pressurized fluid, until the polymer is in contact with the wall of the blow mold and thus receives its final shape (in the hot state). The blow mold is preferably designed as a negative mold for the intended final shape of the product to be produced (possibly in addition to a shrinkage stop).

[0064] The number of the extruder units (4) can be selected as desired. In particular, an extrusion device can have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or any higher number of extruder units (4). The melt distributor (3) can correspondingly provide another number of branchings.

[0065] Below purely for reasons of simplified representation it is assumed that a plurality of extruder units (4) of matching design is present, each comprising a redirection (5), a branching (7), a tube-forming device (8), a profiling device (9) as well as a dispensing tool (10).

[0066] Each of the components of the extrusion device (1) or of an extruder unit (4) is designed to carry a stream of polymer melt and has a melt passage (SP) which is part of the overall melt passage (SP) shown in FIG. 1. Correspondingly, each component has an inlet side where a stream of polymer melt is or can be supplied, and an outlet side where the stream of polymer melt can be or is dispensed to a subsequent component or outward. The flow direction (FR) of the polymer melt extends from a melt supplying device (see FIGS. 4, 20 and 21) through a melt receiving device (2), optionally a melt distributor (3), optionally a redirection (5), preferably a throttling device (6), at least one tube-forming device (8), a profiling device (9) and a dispensing tool (10).

[0067] Additionally, a branching (7) can be provided, which is preferably arranged before a tube-forming device (8) or forms a component of the tube-forming device (8).

[0068] In FIG. 2, the aforementioned components of an extrusion device (1) are shown in an exploded representation. However, the extrusion device (1) represented here has three separate melt receiving devices (2) which are connected to three separately arranged melt passages (SP), in order to convey three different streams of polymer melt. Alternatively, two, four or another number of melt passages and streams of polymer melt can be provided.

[0069] In the example of FIG. 2, in the melt distributor (3), each of the melt passages (SP) branches into three substrands. Each substrand of each melt passage (SP) is supplied to an extruder unit (4). Within an extruder unit (4), a throttling device (6) is preferably provided, which is designed for throttling a respective sub-stream for each of the three melt passages.

[0070] In the tube-forming device (8), the three separate streams of polymer melt are guided and reshaped in such a manner that they receive a tubular cross section (QT) and are combined. The respective melt passages (SP) with tubular cross section (QT) here lie one inside the other in a shell-like manner and lead into a common layer forming section (28) (see FIGS. 6 and 7). After the combining, a melt passage with tubular cross section is present, in which the polymer melts are arranged overlapping one another in a shell-like manner and connected to one another. This collective melt stream is supplied to the profiling device (9) and the dispensing tool (10).

[0071] In the aforementioned example according to FIG. 2, three separate melt passages have been provided which correspondingly have taken the form of three streams of a polymer melt which surround one another in a shell-like manner in the tube-forming device (8). Alternatively, only two streams of polymer melt or another number of streams of polymer melt can be provided, which are reshaped into two or another number of melt streams surrounding one another in a shell-like manner.

[0072] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a melt passage (SP) within an extruder unit (4) for a single stream of polymer melt. On the inlet side, the melt passage (SP) has a strand-like cross section which is optionally divided by a branching (7) into two or more subpassages. The polymer melt is supplied to a shaping section of the tube-forming device (8) and reshaped there into a melt passage (SP) with a tubular cross section (QT). According to FIG. 3, within the tube-forming device (8), two, three or more of the aforementioned melt passages (SP) with a tubular cross section (QT), which surround one another in a shell-like manner can be provided, melt passages which in the outlet region of the tube-forming device (8) are combined to form a collective stream.

[0073] FIGS. 4, 20 and 21 show a melt receiving device (2) according to the present disclosure. Said receiving device comprises a hollow guide body (13), in the cavity (14) of which a melt passage (SP) is formed.

[0074] In the cavity (14), a stirring body (15) converging to a point is arranged. The stirring body (15) can be rotated about a rotation axis (16). The flow direction (FR) of the polymer melt is represented in each case from right to left in the representations.

[0075] The inner contour of the hollow guide body first has a wide cylindrical section (102) in the flow direction of the melt, in which a first portion of the stirring body (15) is arranged, as well as subsequently a funnel section in which at least an additional portion of the stirring body (15) is arranged. Downstream of the funnel section (103), the inner contour preferably moreover has a narrow cylindrical section which does not overlap with the stirring body (15). In the wide cylindrical section (102), the conveyor worm (19) can also be arranged.

[0076] On the inlet side, between the guide body (13) and the stirring body (15), the melt passage (SP) has a cross section (Q1) in the form of an annular gap. On the outlet side of the receiving device (2), i.e., entering the narrow cylindrical section, the melt passage (SP) has a full-surface cross section (Q2), in particular a full circle section.

[0077] In the flow direction, between the wide cylindrical section (102 and the funnel section (103) AND/OR between the funnel section (103) and the narrow cylindrical section (104), angle transitions (WA, WB) are preferably provided, which bring about a redirection of the flow direction (FR) by at most 45? (angular degree), in particular less than 30? (angular degree) see FIG. 4. In this way, dead water zones on the outer circumference of the melt stream are avoided.

[0078] The stirring body (15, 15) has a spherical or oval cross section or a cross section with at least six corners. FIGS. 30A and 30B show examples of the stirring body (15, 15) in the upper area in an oblique view representation and below in a top view along the rotation axis (16).

[0079] The end section (second section) of the stirring body (15, 15) has the eccentric tip (17) which is designed as apex of an eccentric cone (99) or of an eccentric and preferably at least 6-sided pyramid (99). In the flow direction upstream, an additional section (first section) of the stirring body (15, 15) is formed, which preferably has the shape of a truncated cone (98) or of a preferably at least 6-sided truncated pyramid (98). The base surface/cross-sectional surface (27) of the stirring body (15) or of the eccentric cone (99) and of the truncated cone (98) is oval or round. The base surface/cross-sectional surface (27) of the stirring body (15) or of the eccentric pyramid (99) and of the truncated pyramid (98) is a polygon and has at least six corners.

[0080] By the spherical or oval cross section (27, 27) of the stirring body (15) or the at least one 6-cornered cross section, obtuse angled surface transitions (OB) in circumferential direction (UR) of the stirring body (15) are generated or respectively acute angled surface transitions are avoided. It has been shown that, in the case of acute-angled surface transitions, dead water zones can form in the side region of the stirring body (15, 15), which are located formed in the circumferential direction (UR) following the acute-angled transition. Such dead water zones are nearly completely avoided or considerably reduced in the stirring body (15, 15) according to the present disclosure.

[0081] The stirring body (15) is oriented in such a manner that its end which converges to a point or the tip (17) is arranged on the site located downstream. In other words, the stirring body (15) has (exactly) one rear region which converges to a point in the flow direction of the polymer melt, the end section of said region forming the tip (17). As explained above, by the rotation of the eccentrically arranged tip (17), the formation of a dead water zone directly following the stirring body (15, 15) is avoided or prevented.

[0082] The radial spacing (DR) of the tip (17) with respect to the rotation axis (16) is preferably at least 7.5%, in particular 10-15% of the inner diameter (DI) of the annular gap (17).

[0083] The radial spacing (DR) should also not be selected to be excessively large, in particular it should not be more than 20% of the inner diameter (DI) of the annular gap (17), since otherwise the effect of the eccentricity decreases.

[0084] The design of the stirring body (15, 15) with a first section (98, 98) and a second section (99, 99) makes it possible to provide, before reaching the tip (17) in the flow direction of the melt and at the transition between the first and the second sections, a circumferential edge (100, 100) which locally narrows the annular melt passage (SP) and thus leads to a local compression and therefore to a relative low pressure zone in the flow course directly after the edge (100, 100). This low pressure zone is not formed homogeneously due to the rotation of the stirring body (15, 15) and the eccentric shape of the second section, but instead it has locally higher and lower pressure levels which are shifted in accordance with the rotation of the stirring body. On the other hand, the circumferential edges (100, 100) preferably lie in the flow direction at the level of or directly going into the funnel section (103) of the guide body (13) see FIGS. 4 and 30A, 30B.

[0085] It has been shown that the combination of the eccentric tip of the stirring body with the edge (100, 100) arranged upstream with respect to the tip in the flow direction promotes a particularly good detachment behavior of the melt, such that, in the case of a change from a first melt material to a second melt material, the waiting times are short time periods, during which a mixture which comprises both the first melt material and the second melt material is dispensed. Thus, changes in the configuration of a production process can be carried out with particular short exchange times and a minimization of the material-related rejects.

[0086] Providing a first section (98, 98) with the shape of a truncated pyramid or a truncated cone downstream with respect to the second section (99, 99) in the flow direction leads to a gentle redirection of the melt during the passage of the stirring body (15). This effect can be positively supplemented with the gentle redirection of the melt stream on the funnel section (103). Thus, the fluid-conducting transition from the annular gap (cross section Q1 in FIG. 4) into the full-surface passage cross section (cross section Q2 in FIG. 4) can occur overall free of dead water zones.

[0087] The melt receiving device (2) is preferably connected on the inlet side to a melt supplying device (18) or integrated in the melt supplying device (18). This is explained in FIGS. 20 and 21. The melt supplying device (18) can have any design. In particular, it can comprise a conveyor worm or extruder worm (19), by means of which the polymer melt is exposed to a feed pressure and moved. In the example of FIGS. 20 and 21, a multizone worm is shown, which represents an example variant. It has a plasticizing section (PA) and a homogenizing section (HA). On the inlet side of the melt supplying device (18), for example, a granular plastic material can be supplied, which is melted, mixed and conveyed along the worm (19). The granular plastic material can be a mixture of different plastics, dying means and possible additives.

[0088] The stirring body (15) is preferably connected and in particular inserted or integrated on the outlet side or on the end-side section of the worm (19) in the flow direction (FR) of the polymer melt. In this way, a rotation of the worm (19) can bring about the rotation of the stirring body (15).

[0089] FIGS. 6 to 7 and 26 to 29 show various example variants of a tube-forming device (8). The tube-forming device (8) comprises at least one and preferably multiple shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c) which are designed to shape a supplied stream of polymer melt from a substantially strand-like cross section (QS) into a tubular cross section (QT). For this purpose, guiding passages (23) are provided, which delimit the outer contour of the melt passage (SP).

[0090] FIG. 5 shows an exploded representation of three shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c) according to an alternative and previously known example variant, in which the shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c) can be inserted or received in a housing (20). The inner wall of the housing (20) here forms a portion of a guiding passage (23).

[0091] As results from the cross-sectional representation in FIG. 6, a first outer guiding passage (23) is formed between the inner contour of the housing (20) and an outer contour of an outer shaping sleeve (21a). A second and in this case central guiding passage (23) is formed between the radially inward facing outer contour of the outer shaping sleeve (21a) and the outer contour of an adjacent shaping sleeve, here the intermediate shaping sleeve (21b). An additional, here inner, guiding passage (23) is formed between the radially inward facing outer contour of the intermediate shaping sleeve (21b) and the outer contour of an additional adjacent shaping sleeve, here the inner shaping sleeve (21c). In summary, each guiding passage (23) is thus delimited by the outer contours of two adjacent shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c) or by the housing (22).

[0092] At the outlet-side ends of the shaping sleeves (21), a layer forming section (28) is arranged, in which the multiple guiding passages (23) lead into a collecting passage. In the collecting passage, the streams of polymer melt from the respective guiding passages (23) overlap to form a collective stream which can be dispensed through a melt passage (SP) with tubular cross section (QT) to a subsequent component.

[0093] FIG. 7 shows an example variant of a tube-forming device (8) designed according to an aspect of the present disclosure. Here too, at least one and preferably multiple shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c) are provided, which are designed to shape a supplied stream of polymer melt from a substantially strand-like cross section (QS) into a tubular cross section (QT). However, in this example, the shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c) have a sleeve wall (22) in which a respective guiding passage (23) is embedded. The guiding passage is thus located within the sleeve wall (23) and not next to the sleeve wall as in FIG. 6. In contrast to the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6, in the example according to FIG. 8, a guiding passage (23) is thus formed not between the outer boundary contours of two adjacent shaping sleeves or of a shaping sleeve and an outer housing (20), but rather in each case within the wall of one of the individual shaping sleeves (21a, 21b, 21c).

[0094] FIGS. 26 to 29 show an additional design of an individual shaping sleeve (21), in the wall (22) of which multiple separate guiding passages (23a, 23b, 23c) are similarly embedded. The embedding of at least one guiding passage (23, 23a, 23b, 23c) within the wall (22) of a shaping sleeve (21a, 21b, 21c) has various advantages.

[0095] On the one hand, a single component may be used to form a guiding passage (23) or even multiple guiding passages (23a, 23b, 23c). If different guiding passage design types are used or desired, the exchange of one respective component is thus be used for a switch. Moreover, the sealing of the guiding passages is clearly designed more simply. In particular, in an inlet-side section of a guiding passage (23), no grooves or contact sites oriented substantially along the flow direction, on which possible deposits or accumulations could form, are used.

[0096] Moreover, more complex shapes of the guiding passages (23) are possible, in which in particular an inner and an outer boundary contour of the guiding passage (23) relative to the axial direction (AF) of the guiding cylinder (21) have any shape desired.

[0097] According to an example, in particular in an inlet-side zone, the guiding passage (23) has a spiral section (26) comprising multiple helical paths (27). The helical paths (27) can initially lie next to one another along the axial direction (AF) from the inlet side to the outlet side, and then they can be increasingly closer together such that they transition into one another. In other words, the guiding passage (23) in the inlet-side region can form a spiral distribution.

[0098] Alternatively or additionally, one or more spiral sections (26) can be provided in a central region along the axial direction (AF) and, for example, be combined with a cardioid distribution in the inlet region.

[0099] The guiding passage (23) preferably has a spiral section (26) which comprises multiple helical paths, the cross-sectional contour of which (with respect to the axial direction (AF) of the shaping sleeve (21)) is delimited in radial direction on both sides, i.e., inward and outward, by a spherical contour, in particular a (partially) circular contour or an elliptic contour. It has been found that such a shaping of the guiding passage has a positive influence on the homogeneity of the conveyed polymer melt, in particular with respect to a shaping shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in which a cross-sectional contour in radial direction is delimited at least on one side by a flat or linear contour.

[0100] A shaping sleeve (21) according to FIGS. 26 to 29, which, as a single-piece body, has a plurality of guiding passages (23a, 23b, 23c) and in particular the guiding passages (23a, 23b, 23c), wherein the guiding passages (23a, 23b, 23c) are passages embedded within the sleeve wall (22), has particular advantages. On the inlet side and/or on the outlet side, it can have a common sealing contour. Furthermore, it exhibits a substantially standardized shaping behavior (in particular due to thermal expansion/shrinkage). During the operation of the extrusion device (1), accordingly, fewer parasitic effects occur, such as, for example, [0101] an overrun of melt between the melt passages which are themselves separated due to thermal widening of sealing gaps), or [0102] a variation of the volume of the melt passages (due to greater expansion of an outer shaping sleeve with respect to an adjacent inner shaping sleeve), or [0103] an incorporation of material residues in sealing gaps, which lead to later contaminations.

[0104] Thus, the aforementioned design is also particularly advantageous for enabling a rapid material change, increasing the product quality and increasing the process quality.

[0105] FIGS. 8 to 11 and 22 to 25 show various views of a profiling device (9) which can be designed, on the one hand, for a nozzle body movement and, on the other hand, for a mandrel body movement. The profiling device (9) is provided and designed to be used in an extruder unit (4) according to the present disclosure, in particular in a section of the melt passage (SP) between a tube-forming device (8) and a dispensing tool (10). In FIG. 13, the dispensing tool (10) is shown separately in a cross-sectional representation. It comprises a hollow nozzle body (60) and a mandrel body (61) which can be arranged or is arranged in the nozzle body (60). Depending on the design type of the profiling device (9), the nozzle body (60) is (exclusively) movable, or the mandrel body (61) is (exclusively) movable, or both the nozzle body (60) and the mandrel body (61) are movable. The movement occurs preferably parallel to an axial direction of the dispensing tool (10). Between the inner contour of the nozzle body (60) and the outer contour of the mandrel body (61), a melt passage (SP) with a tubular cross section (QT) is formed. The melt passage (SP) leads outward to an annular gap (63). The width of the annular gap can be set by the relative movement between nozzle body (60) and mandrel body (61). If the nozzle body (60) is moved relative to the stationarily positioned mandrel body (61), the outer contour of the annular gap (63) changes and respectively a profiling on the outer contour is generated, which is represented as an example in FIG. 10. While the tube-like stream of polymer melt exits on the inner side substantially without change via the mandrel body (61), its outer support is influenced by an upward or downward movement of the nozzle body (61). Accordingly, the profiling illustrated in FIG. 12 is generated on the outer contour of a preform which is formed from a section of the exiting tube of polymer melt.

[0106] On the other hand, if the mandrel body (61) is moved relative to a stationarily positioned nozzle body (60), the inner contour of the annular gap (63) changes, and respectively a profiling of the inner contour occurs. In this case, the polymer melt on the outer contour flows out substantially unchanged, whereas, on the inner contour, due to the movement of the mandrel body (61), said polymer melt is influenced. Accordingly, a wall thickness change illustrated in FIG. 12 on the right side occurs more on the inner side of the preform (64).

[0107] In an alternative example variant (not represented), the principles of the nozzle body movement and of the mandrel body movement can be provided jointly. The features described hereafter with respect to the respective profiling devices for the nozzle body movement and the mandrel body movement can be used in any possible combination.

[0108] The profiling device according to the present disclosure is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in an enlarged cross-sectional view. It has a base body (40) with an outer portion (41) and an inner portion (42). The outer portion (41) (together with the nozzle body (60)) is shown with wide hatching in FIGS. 8 and 9, while the inner portion (42) (together with the mandrel body (61)) is shown with a narrow hatching.

[0109] Between the outer portion (41) and the inner portion (42), the melt passage (SP) with tubular cross section (QT) is formed, into which, on the inlet side, a stream of polymer melt, and in particular the collective stream which can be dispensed from the tube-forming device (8), can be introduced.

[0110] The outer portion (41) and the inner portion (42), on the inlet side, each have separate fastening structures (44, 45). An inlet-side fastening structure (44) on the outer portion is designed to connect the outer portion (41) to an outer section (29) of the tube-forming device (8). The inlet-side fastening structure (45) on the inner portion (42) is designed to connect the inner portion (42) to an inner section (30) of the tube-forming device (8). The inlet-side fastening structures (44, 45) are thus designed, on the one hand, to connect the outer portion (41) to the outer section (29) of the tube-forming device (8) and, on the other hand, to connect the inner portion (42) to the inner section (30) of the tube-forming device (8).

[0111] The outer portion (41) and the inner portion (42), on the outlet-side, have additional fastening structures (46, 47). The outlet-side fastening structure (46) of the outer portion is designed to connect the outer portion (41) to the nozzle body (60) of the dispensing tool (10). The outlet-side fastening structure on the inner portion (42) is designed to connect the inner portion (42) to the mandrel body (61) of the dispensing tool (10). In other words, the outlet-side fastening structures (46, 47) are designed, on the one hand, to connect the outer portion (41) to the nozzle body (60) of the dispensing tool (10) and, on the other hand, to connect the inner portion (42) to the mandrel body (61) of the dispensing tool (10).

[0112] The outer portion (41) and the inner portion (42) can each have a multi-part design and in particular they can each have an inlet-side body portion (41a, 42a) and an outlet-side body portion (41b, 42b).

[0113] The base body (40) of the profiling device (9) has a sliding section (48) designed to lengthen or shorten the outer portion (41), in particular due to a slidability between the inlet-side body portion of the outer portion (41a) and the outlet-side body portion of the outer portion (41b).

[0114] Alternatively or additionally, the base body (40) has a sliding section (48) designed to lengthen or shorten the inner portion (42), in particular due to a slidability between the inlet-side body portion or the inner portion (42a) and the outlet-side body portion of the inner portion (42b).

[0115] By lengthening or shortening the outer portion (41) or the inner portion (42) it can thus be achieved that the relative position of the outlet-side fastening structures (46, 47) can be or is set. By this change of the relative position of the fastening structures (46, 47), the connected nozzle body (60) and the connected mandrel body (61) can be moved relative to one another, such that the above-described profiling can be or is generated by a nozzle body movement or a mandrel body movement.

[0116] A sliding section (48, 48) can have any design desired.

[0117] A sliding section (48) which is arranged for profiling by a nozzle body movement on the outer portion (41) separates the outer portion (41) into the inlet-side body portion body (41a) and the outlet-side body portion (41b), which can be moved and in particular slid in axial direction with respect to one another. The inlet-side body portion (41a) and the outlet-side body portion (41b) together form an outer contour of the melt passage (SP) within the profiling device.

[0118] A sliding section (48) which is arranged for profiling by a mandrel body movement on the inner portion (42) separates the inner portion (42) into the inlet-side body portion (42a) and the outlet-side body portion (42b), which can be moved and in particular slid in axial direction with respect to one another. The inlet-side body portion (42a) and the outlet-side body portion (42b) together form an inner contour of the melt passage (SP) within the profiling device (9).

[0119] In FIGS. 8 to 11, in each case the outlet-side body portions (41b, 42b) of outer portion (41) or inner portion (42) are provided with a border line in bold. The respective sliding section (48, 48) is highlighted by a dashed-line box. The outlet-side body portion (41b, 42b) is in each case the movable section of the outer portion (41) or inner portion (42).

[0120] A movement of the outlet-side body portion (41b, 42b) can be brought about in any desired way, preferably by an external movement device (11) which is connected by at least one push rod (51, 95) to the respective body portion (41b, 42b).

[0121] For the movement of the outlet-side body portion (42b) of the inner portion (42), a central push rod (51) is preferably provided. In a design for the mandrel body movement or a combined profiling by means of nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement, the profiling device thus preferably comprises a push rod (51). The outlet-side body portion (52b) of the inner portion (42) is or can be connected to the push rod (51). The push rod (51) is preferably arranged or can be arranged in a passage opening (43) of the housing (40) of the profiling device (9) and in particular in a passage opening (43) of the inlet-side body portion (42a) of the inner portion (42).

[0122] The push rod (51) furthermore is preferably designed to be hollow, such that it can form a section of a fluid-conducting channel.

[0123] In the design types of the profiling device, the sliding section (48, 48) can have a cylindrical guiding contour (49) which is connected to the respective inlet-side body portion (41a, 42a) or integrated on the inlet-side body portion (41a, 42a). The cylindrical guiding contour (49) is marked in FIGS. 8, 9, 22 and 24.

[0124] The sliding section (48, 48) can furthermore preferably have a cylinder wall (50) mounted so that it can slide on the guiding contour (49) in axial direction. The cylinder wall (50) is connected to the respective outlet-side body portion (41b, 42b) or integrated thereon.

[0125] In other words, the sliding section (48, 48) comprises cylindrical slide bearing wall sections which correspond to one another. According to a variant, within a sliding section (48, 48), at least one sealing means is provided.

[0126] FIGS. 14 to 19 show different example types of a throttling device (6). In FIGS. 16 and 17, throttle pins (70) are shown, the dorsal end (73) of which can be introduced into a melt passage (SP) of the extrusion device (1), in particular in the region of a redirection (5). The throttle pins (70) shown here are connected on the end side to a setting means which is arranged coaxially with respect to the throttle pin (70). The distal end of the throttle pin (70), that is to say the outward facing end, is supported on the setting element. By a movement of the setting element, in particular by a screwing movement, in the axial direction, the penetration depth of the throttle pin (70) into the melt passage (SP) can be varied, in order to influence and in particular reduce the throughflow cross section of the melt passage (SP).

[0127] The throttling causes a change of volume flow of the polymer melt in the respective melt passage and thus a change of the tube length dispensed per unit of time from an extruder unit (4). During an operation of the extrusion device (1), the throttle pins (70) on multiple extruder units (4) can be set in such a manner that the tube lengths dispensed on the extruder units per unit of time are set with respect to one another and, for example, set to a standardized length per unit of time.

[0128] FIGS. 14, 15, 18 and 19 show a throttling device (6) which has multiple throttle pins (70, 71, 72), in order to simultaneously throttle multiple streams of polymer melt on an extruder unit (4), which flow in multiple separate melt passages (SP). In the example shown, three parallel or separate melt passages (SP) per extruder unit (4) are shown. Alternatively, one, two, four or another number of melt passages can be provided.

[0129] Even if the throttling device according to FIGS. 14, 15, 18 and 19 is designed and provided for the parallel throttling of multiple streams of polymer melt on each extruder unit (4), the throttling device can also advantageously be used on an extruder unit (4) with only one melt passage or stream of polymer melt. Here, the throttling device (6) also has one or more throttle pins (70, 71, 72), the respective dorsal end (73) of which can be introduced into a melt passage (SP) of the extrusion device (1) in order to reduce its throughflow cross section. The at least one throttle pin (70, 71, 72) on the distal end, i.e., on the outward facing end, in the axial direction of the throttle pin, is supported or fixed on a movable guiding element (75, 76, 77). Preferably, for each throttle pin (70, 71, 72), a separate guiding element (75, 76, 77) is provided. The guiding element (75, 76, 77) can have any design desired. It extends, at least in sections, in transverse direction with respect to the throttle pin (70, 71, 72). In a region of the guiding element (75, 76, 77) which is offset transversely with respect to the throttle pin, the guiding element (75, 76, 77) is supported on a movable setting means (79, 80, 81). The guiding element (75, 76, 77) acts as force or adjustment travel transmission means, so that a movement of the setting means (79, 80, 81) can be converted into an axial movement of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72) by the guiding element (75, 76, 77).

[0130] The multiple setting means (79, 80, 81) of a throttling device (6) can preferably be arranged directly adjacent to one another, in particular as a linear group and/or in particular in a central region between the throttle pins (70, 71, 72). The group-wise and in particular linear arrangement of the setting means (79, 80, 81) for the multiple throttle pins (70, 71, 72) has considerable advantages particularly in extrusion devices (1) with a plurality of extruder units (4) which in turn have a plurality of melt passages (SP). On the one hand, a central accessibility to the setting elements (79, 80, 81) on an extruder unit (4) can be created. On the other hand, the ordered placement of the setting elements leads to considerably increased clarity and simplified operation.

[0131] In the example variants of the throttling device (6), a throttle pin and in particular each throttle pin (70, 71, 72) can be received in a (respective) guiding sleeve (82). The guiding sleeve (82) preferably is or can be firmly connected to the extrusion device (1). The guiding sleeve can be arranged in such a manner that its dorsal end projects into the melt passage (SP). The dorsal end of the guiding sleeve (82) can preferably have a spherical contour and/or a bevel (see FIGS. 15 and 17). Preferably, the guiding sleeve (82) is designed and arranged in such a manner that only the subregion of the dorsal end which has a bevel or spherical contour projects into the melt passage (18). The spherical contour can be concave or convex. A contour transition between the dorsal end of the guiding sleeve (82), in particular the region with bevel or spherical contour, and the adjacent surface of the melt passage (SP) preferably has an obtuse transition angle (V) (see FIG. 17). The transition angle can preferably be in a range of 110 angular degrees to 160 angular degrees, in particular approximately 135 angular degrees.

[0132] A contour transition between the guiding sleeve (82) and the front surface of the throttle pin, in a passive position (in an operating position of the throttle pin maximally slid outward), preferably has a passive contact angle (W, see FIG. 17) which is approximately 180 angular degrees. In other words, the front contour of the throttle pin (70) and the front contour of the guiding sleeve are aligned in this position.

[0133] A contour transition between the guiding sleeve (82) and the lateral surface of the throttle pin (70), in an active position (in an inward slid operating position of the throttle pin), preferably has an active contact angle (W, see FIG. 15, enlarged section) which is an obtuse angle, in particular analogously to the above explanations for the transition angle V, with a value between 110 angular degrees and 160 angular degrees, moreover preferably a value of approximately 135 angular degrees.

[0134] It has been shown that, by the aforementioned angular relationships on the contour transition from passage surface to guiding sleeve front and on the contour transition from guiding sleeve front to throttle pin, dead zones can be reduced or avoided and respectively material deposits can be reduced, which favors the aforementioned advantages of increased material homogeneity as well as improved quality of the plastic articles produced and increased process quality.

[0135] The guiding elements (75, 76, 77) can be designed identically or differently. In particular, they can each be designed as sliding lever or as rotating lever.

[0136] The one or more setting means (79, 80, 81) can have any design desired. They can be manually and/or mechanically operable. In particular, they can each be designed as setting screw or as linear actuator.

[0137] According to the representation in FIGS. 14, 18 and 19, the throttling device (6) preferably has a support body (83) on which the at least one guiding element and in particular the guiding elements (75, 76, 77) and the at least one setting means and in particular the setting means (79, 80, 81) for a respective extruder unit (4) are mounted. Thereby, a common and rapid positioning as well as a rapid exchange of the throttling device (6) is facilitated. The support body (83) can preferably have a fastening section for positioning and detachable fastening on a housing portion of the extrusion device (1), in particular on a redirection (5).

[0138] The dorsal end (73) of a throttle pin and in particular of the throttle pins (70, 71, 72) which can penetrate into a melt passage (SP) preferably has a spherical contour. Such a shaping, alone or in combination with a spherical or beveled contour of the guiding sleeve (82), can counteract the formation of deposits or material accumulations of the polymer melt, which entails the aforementioned advantages.

[0139] The extruder unit according to the present disclosure is provided and designed for producing preforms (64) with a tube-like wall made of a supplied polymer melt. The extruder unit (4) comprises at least one dispensing tool (10) according to the design explained above. It further comprises at least one profiling device (9) and/or tube forming device (8) and/or throttling device (6) according to the present disclosure.

[0140] Particularly preferably, the extruder unit (4) has a modular design and comprises at least two different profiling devices (9) and/or at least two different tube-forming devices (8) and/or at least two different dispensing tools (10), which can be connected to one another by standardized fastening structures.

[0141] The two different profiling devices (9) can alternately be connectable to the same dispensing tool (10) and/or to the same tube-forming device (8). The at least two tube-forming devices (8) can each be alternately connectable to the same or to each of the profiling devices (9) and/or alternately to an upstream component of an extrusion device (1) in the flow direction of the polymer melt, in particular to a throttling device (6) and/or to a redirection (5). The at least two different dispensing tools (10) can alternately be connectable to the same profiling device (9) or to each of the profiling devices (9).

[0142] The fastening structures (44, 45, 46, 47) of the multiple profiling devices (9) and the corresponding structures on the tube-forming device (8) and/or on the dispensing tool (10) thus have a matching interface geometry.

[0143] The extruder unit (4) or the extrusion device (1) can comprise an overpressure fluid supply (96) which has a fluid-conducting connection through one or more aligned passage openings (43, 42) up to an outlet-side front wall of the mandrel body (61). The overpressure fluid supply (96) can be designed to fill or inflate with a fluid a melt tube exiting from a dispensing tool (10). The melt tube can be closed or become closed, for example, on the downstream end, such that, by the introduction of a fluid, a dynamic pressure can be generated within the tube interior.

[0144] The one or more passage openings (43, 62) are preferably arranged along the central axis of the one or more flow passages (SP) within the dispensing tool (10), the profiling device (9) and a tube-forming device (8). A cavity of a push rod (51) for the profiling by mandrel body movement can also be provided as passage opening for the fluid-conducting connection.

[0145] FIG. 2 shows an example variant of a movement device (11). The movement device (11) can have any design desired. It is preferably provided and designed for actuating a profiling device (9) and in particular multiple profiling devices (9) with different ones of the design types mentioned above for exclusive nozzle body movement and/or for exclusive mandrel body movement and/or combined nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement. In the example of FIG. 2, the movement device (11) has an actuator (90) which is designed, for example, as piston cylinder unit or other linear drive. The actuator (90) is preferably caused to move by a control (91) which can in particular be position-controlled or position-regulated or speed-controlled or speed-regulated. Alternatively or additionally, a force-controlled or force-regulated movement can be provided.

[0146] The movement device (11) has a movement transmission means and in particular a transmission (92) which connects the actuator (90) to at least one profiling device (9) of the at least one extruder unit (4). Preferably a rigid or force-conducting connection is provided between a drive means, in particular a piston rod (93) of the actuator (90), and an outlet-side body portion (41b, 42b) of one and in particular of each profiling device (9). For this purpose, the movement device (11) can have a force distributor (94) which transfers the movement of the drive means (93) in one or multiple steps to one or more push rods (51, 95).

[0147] The examples described herein can be modified in various ways. In particular, the features described, shown or claimed for the respective examples and aspects of the disclosure can be combined or replaced with one another in any desired way.

[0148] Each component of an extruder unit (4) can also be a component of an extrusion device (1) and vice versa. Sections of the melt passage (SP) can be shifted between adjacent components of an extruder unit (4) or of the extrusion device (1) with regard to their local association. Between the disclosed components of the extruder unit (4) and the extrusion device (1), additional line sections can be provided.

[0149] An extruder unit (4) can be designed with or without a profiling device (9) as well as with or without a tube-forming device (8). Tube formation can possibly occur within a dispensing tool (10).

[0150] The melt receiving device (2) with a stirring body (15) with eccentrically arranged tip can be provided singly or multiply for only one or for multiple melt passages (SP) which are provided for supplying separate streams of polymer melt.

[0151] A movement device (11) can provide two or more separate actuators in order to actuate respectively an individual profiling device (9) or a group of two, three or more profiling devices (9). Moreover, a movement device (11) can have multiple actuators (90) and movement transmission means (92) in order to alternately or simultaneously bring about or prescribe a movement or actuation of a profiling device (9) by nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement. The multiple actuators (90) can preferably be connected to a common control (91) or to separate controls.

[0152] The melt-carrying components of the extrusion device (1) and of the extruder unit (4), which carry melt can have one or more heating devices (HZ). A heating device (HZ) is designed in particular as a flat heating device which can be applied or arranged on the outside on the respective body forming the melt passage (SP). Preferably one and in particular each heating device (HZ) is designed so that it can be open-loop controlled.

[0153] The dispensing tool (10) can comprise a multipart nozzle body (60) and/or a multipart mandrel body (61). In the figures shown, the mandrel body, for example, has a holding section (61a) and an extruder tool section (61b), wherein the holding section (61a) can be arranged on the end-side fastening structure (47) of the inner portion of the profiling device (9) and has a fastening interface for the extruder tool section (61b). Analogously, the nozzle body (60) can have a holding section and an extruder tool section (not represented).

[0154] The profiling device (9) is preferably designed to vary a relative position of the outlet-side fastening structures (46, 47) of outer portion (41) and inner portion (41). This variation occurs preferably with a linear shifting movement of at least one of these fastening structures (46, 47) parallel to the axial direction of the melt passage (SP). This relative movement can be converted on a dispensing tool into a uniform relative movement of nozzle body (60) and mandrel body (61). Alternatively, an at least partial movement redirection on the dispensing tool can occur, which is caused, for example, by a transmission. Such a movement redirection can cause a nonlinear and/or nonparallel relative movement of nozzle tool (60) and mandrel tool (61) to result from the linear relative movement of the fastening structures (46, 47). For example, there can occur a widening or narrowing of the nozzle body (60) occurring at least partially in radial direction, particularly at the annular gap (63) and/or a narrowing or widening of the mandrel body (60) occurring at least partially in radial direction, particularly at the annular gap (63).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0155] 1 Extrusion device [0156] 2 Melt receiving device [0157] 3 Melt distributor [0158] 4 Extruder unit [0159] 5 Redirection [0160] 6 Throttling device/tube length setting [0161] 7 Branching [0162] 8 Tube-forming device [0163] 9 (Wall thickness) profiling device [0164] 10 Dispensing tool [0165] 11 Movement device [0166] 12 Extrusion head [0167] 13 Guide body [0168] 14 Cavity [0169] 15 Stirring body (conical basic form) [0170] 15 Stirring body (pyramidal basic form) [0171] 16 Rotation axis [0172] 17 Tip [0173] 18 Melt supplying device [0174] 18a Conveyor cylinder [0175] 19 Worm/Worm conveyor [0176] 20 Housing [0177] 20 Housing [0178] 21 Shaping sleeve/shaping sleeve group [0179] 21a Outer shaping sleeve [0180] 21b Intermediate shaping sleeve [0181] 21c Inner shaping sleeve [0182] 21 Shaping sleeve group [0183] 21a Outer shaping sleeve [0184] 21b Intermediate shaping sleeve [0185] 21c Inner shaping sleeve [0186] 22 Sleeve wall [0187] 22 Sleeve wall [0188] 23 Guiding passage [0189] 23a Guiding passage [0190] 23b Guiding passage [0191] 23c Guiding passage [0192] 23 Guiding passage [0193] 24 Central passage opening [0194] 25 Flange recess for profiling device [0195] 26 Spiral section [0196] 27 Helical path [0197] 28 Layer forming section [0198] 29 Outer section [0199] 30 Inner section [0200] 40 Base body [0201] 41 Outer portion [0202] 41a Inlet-side body portion of the outer portion [0203] 41b Outlet-side body portion of the outer portion [0204] 42 Inner portion [0205] 42a Inlet-side body portion of the inner portion [0206] 42b Outlet-side body portion of the inner portion [0207] 43 Passage opening [0208] 44 Fastening structure, outer portion to outer section of tube-forming device [0209] 45 Fastening structure, inner portion to inner section of tube-forming device [0210] 46 Fastening structure, outer portion to nozzle body [0211] 47 Fastening structure, inner portion to mandrel body [0212] 48 Sliding section [0213] 48 Sliding section [0214] 49 Cylindrical guiding contour [0215] 49 Cylindrical guiding contour [0216] 50 Cylinder wall [0217] 50 Cylinder wall [0218] 51 Push rod (hollow) [0219] 60 Nozzle body [0220] 61 Mandrel body [0221] 61a Holding section [0222] 61b Extruder tool section [0223] 62 Passage opening [0224] 63 Annular gap (closed, width adjustable) [0225] 64 Preform/tube piece (cut to length) [0226] 70 Throttle pin [0227] 71 Throttle pin [0228] 72 Throttle pin [0229] 73 Dorsal end [0230] 74 Distal end [0231] 75 Guiding element [0232] 76 Guiding element [0233] 77 Guiding element [0234] 78 Offset region [0235] 79 Setting means [0236] 80 Setting means [0237] 81 Setting means [0238] 82 Guiding sleeve [0239] 83 Support body [0240] 90 Actuator/piston cylinder unit/linear drive [0241] 91 Control [0242] 92 Movement transmission means/transmission [0243] 93 Drive means/piston rod [0244] 94 Force distributor [0245] 95 Push rod [0246] 96 Overpressure fluid supply [0247] 97 Round or oval cross section [0248] 97 Cross section with at least six corners [0249] 98 First section, truncated cone [0250] 98 First section, truncated prism [0251] 99 Second section, eccentric cone [0252] 99 Second section, eccentric pyramid [0253] 100 Circumferential edge [0254] 100 Circumferential edge [0255] 101 Cylindrical section [0256] 102 Wide cylindrical section [0257] 103 Funnel section [0258] 104 Narrow cylindrical section [0259] AF Axial direction guiding cylinder [0260] DI Inner diameter annular gap [0261] DR Radial spacing point to rotation axis [0262] FR Flow direction [0263] HA Homogenization section [0264] HZ Heating device [0265] OB Surface transition in circumferential direction (with obtuse angle) [0266] PA Plasticizing section [0267] SP Melt passage [0268] Q1 Cross section inlet-side/annular gap [0269] Q2 Cross section outlet-side/full-surface [0270] QK Cross-sectional contour [0271] QS Strand-like cross section [0272] QT Tubular cross section [0273] UR Circumferential direction [0274] V Transition angle [0275] W Passive contact angle [0276] W Active contact angle [0277] WA Angle transition [0278] WB Angle transition