METHODS AND FORMULATIONS FOR REDUCING BOVINE EMISSIONS

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods and formulations for reducing ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions from a bovine using lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. The present disclosure also provides bovine feed additives and bovine feed compositions.

Claims

1. A method of increasing bovine hot carcass weight, comprising administering lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, to the bovine.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the physiologically acceptable salt of lubabegron is the hemifumarate salt of lubabegron.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more other active ingredients selected from the group consisting of monensin, tylosin, and melengestrol, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the bovine.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bovine is a cow.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein In some embodiments, the bovine is in confinement for slaughter when lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is administered.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, is administered orally.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the lubabegron is administered in animal feed, in a feed additive, or in drinking water.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the feed is dry feed or a liquid.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the lubabegron is administered orally by bolus or gavage treatment.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lubabegron is administered daily up to 91 days prior to slaughter of the bovine.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, is administrated to the bovine daily up to 14 to 56 days prior to slaughter of the bovine.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the animal feed comprises from about 1.25 to about 20 grams of lubabegron per ton, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the animal feed comprises from about 5 to 10 grams of lubabegron per ton.

Description

EXAMPLE 1, REDUCTION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS

[0022] Prepare lubabegron (L) as 4.5 g/lb of Type A Medicated Article. In a facility having at least eight cattle pen enclosures (CPEs), test two cycles of cattle, each cycle representing all dose (0, 1.25, 5, and 20 g/ton) and gender (steer and heifer) combinations. For the purpose of this example, a cycle refers to a group of 112 animals housed concurrently. Within each cycle, there are 2 cohorts of animals (56 animals per cohort). A cohort refers to a group of same gender animals representing each of the 4 doses. Up to 4 cycles are used to provide a total of 4 cohorts per gender.

[0023] Upon receipt of the cattle, allocate the cattle to CPEs to acclimate for 7 days. After the acclimation phase, for 91 days orally treat via feed one fourth of the cattle allocated to CPEs L 0 g/ton/day; one fourth 1.25 g/ton/day; 5 g/ton/day; and 20 g/ton/day (100% dry matter basis). Provide feed and water ad libitum. On day 91, collect body weight and load cattle for transport to the slaughter facility. On day 92, slaughter the cattle and evaluate the carcass. During the study, monitor and collect ammonia gas emissions data. Measure the ammonia emissions over the treatment period and normalize by body weight (BW) for the period (Days 0-7, 0-14, 0-28, 0-56, and 0-91) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (Days 0-91) (g of gas/animal; g of gas/lb of live BW; g of gas/lb of HCW). Using the process described above, the following results are achieved.

TABLE-US-00001 Reduction, as compared g of NH.sub.3 gas/lb of live BW g of NH.sub.3 gas/ to control (g of NH.sub.3 gas/animal) lb of HCW Day 0-7 0-14 0-28 0-56 0-91 0-91 1.25 g/ton 5% (5%) 14% (12%) 16% (15%) 13% (11%) 11% (9%) 13% 5 g/ton 8% (7%) 17% (16%) 21% (20%) 18% (16%) 14% (12%) 16% 20 g/ton 22% (21%) 27% (27%) 26% (25%) 19% (19%) 15% (13%) 17%

EXAMPLE 2, REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

[0024] Prepare lubabegron (L) as 4.5 g/lb of Type A Medicated Article. In an appropriate facility having cattle chambers or rooms for individual animals (chambers), test ten cycles of twelve cattle each, each cycle representing all dose (0, 1.25, 5, and 20 g/ton) with a mixture of genders (steer and heifer).

[0025] Upon receipt of the cattle, allocate the cattle to chambers to acclimate for 7 days. After the acclimation phase, for 14 days orally treat via feed one fourth of the cattle allocated to chambers L 0 g/ton/day; one fourth 1.25 g/ton/day; 5 g/ton/day; and 20 g/ton/day (100% dry matter basis). Provide feed and water ad libitum. On day 14, collect body weight and load cattle for transport to the slaughter facility. On day 15, slaughter the cattle and evaluate the carcass. During the study, monitor and collect carbon dioxide gas emissions data. Measure the carbon dioxide emissions over the treatment period and normalize by body weight (BW) for the periods (Days 0-7, 0-14, and 7-14) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (Days 0-14) (g of gas/animal; g of gas/lb of live BW; g of gas/lb of HCW). Using the process described above, the following results are achieved.

TABLE-US-00002 Reduction, as compared to control g of CO.sub.2 gas/lb of live BW g of CO.sub.2 gas/lb (g of CO.sub.2 gas/animal) of HCW Day 0-7 0-14 7-14 0-14 7-14 1.25 g/ton 0% 2% 5% 4% 6% (0.2%) (3%) (5%) 5 g/ton 3% 6% 9% 7% 10% (4%) (7%) (10%) 20 g/ton 4% 6% 9% 7% 10% (4%) (7%) (9%)