STATOR

Abstract

A stator, in particular for an electric machine, has a stator pack including a rotor receiving region configured to receive a rotor configured to be driven around a rotation axis within the rotor receiving region, and including at least one stator pole tooth which is surrounded by a coil surrounding a coil central axis and which includes a pole shoe adjacent to the rotor receiving region, wherein the coil central axis is skewed with respect to the rotation axis.

Claims

1. A stator for an electric machine, comprising a stator pack including a rotor receiving region for receiving a rotor configured to be driven around a rotation axis within the rotor receiving region, and including at least one stator pole tooth which is surrounded by a coil surrounding a coil central axis and which includes a pole shoe adjacent to the rotor receiving region, wherein the coil central axis is skew with respect to the rotation axis.

2. The stator according to claim 1, wherein the stator pack includes at least one further stator pole tooth with a further pole shoe, wherein the further stator pole tooth is surrounded by a further coil surrounding a further coil central axis, and wherein the further coil central axis intersects with the rotation axis.

3. The stator according to claim 2, wherein the coil central axis and the further coil central axis are parallel to each other.

4. The stator according to claim 3, wherein the stator pack includes at least one third stator pole tooth with a third pole shoe, wherein the third stator pole tooth is surrounded by a third coil surrounding a third coil central axis, and wherein the third coil central axis is skew with respect to the rotation axis.

5. The stator according to claim 3, wherein the stator pack includes at least one third stator pole tooth with a third pole shoe, wherein the third stator pole tooth is surrounded by a third coil surrounding a third coil central axis, and wherein the third coil central axis is skew with respect to the rotation axis, wherein the stator pack includes exactly three stator pole teeth provided with coils the respective coil central axes thereof being parallel to each other.

6. The stator according to claim 2, wherein spaces between stator pole teeth provided with coils are free of parts of the stator pack.

7. The stator according to claim 1, wherein the pole shoe surrounds a maximum of 35? of the rotor receiving region.

8. The stator according to claim 1, wherein the stator pack includes an annular portion partially surrounding the rotor receiving region.

9. The stator according to claim 8, wherein the annular portion surrounds at least 180? of the rotor receiving region.

10. The stator according to claim 8, wherein the annular portion includes a plurality of auxiliary poles adjacent to the rotor receiving region.

11. The stator according to claim 10, wherein all the auxiliary poles have at least essentially the same size in the circumferential direction.

12. The stator according to claim 10, wherein the auxiliary poles, in the circumferential direction, have at least essentially the same size as the pole shoes of the stator pole teeth.

13. The stator according to claim 8, wherein the annular portion has at least one break subdividing the annular portion into a first annular partial portion and at least one second annular partial portion.

14. The stator according to claim 1, wherein the stator pack includes a back iron configured to close a magnetic circuit and including a first part and at least one second part connected to the first part.

15. The stator at least according to claim 8, wherein the stator pack includes a back iron configured to close a magnetic circuit and including a first part and at least one second part connected to the first part, wherein the first part of the back iron is integrally formed with the annular portion and the second part of the back iron is connected to the first part at least in a form-fit manner.

16. A method for assembly and/or manufacture of a stator according to claim 1.

17. An electric machine, comprising a rotor and a stator according to claim 1.

18. The electric machine according to claim 17, wherein the rotor is formed as a permanent magnet rotor.

Description

DRAWINGS

[0032] Further advantages can be derived from the following description of the drawing figures. In the drawings, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawings, the description and the claims comprise numerous features in combination. The person of skill in the art will also contemplate the features in isolation, as the case may be, and arrange them in reasonable further combinations.

[0033] In the drawings:

[0034] FIG. 1 shows an electric machine of the present invention comprising a stator according to the invention in a schematic sectional view;

[0035] FIG. 2 shows the stator in accordance with FIG. 1 in a schematic exploded view;

[0036] FIG. 3 shows a metal sheet layer of the stator according to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the stator pole teeth are connected to each other;

[0037] FIG. 4 shows a metal sheet layer of the stator according to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the stator pole teeth are embodied as individual metal sheets;

[0038] FIG. 5 shows an electric machine according to the present invention, comprising a stator according to the invention in a schematic view;

[0039] FIG. 6 shows an electric machine according to the invention, comprising a stator according to the invention, the annular portion of which includes a break;

[0040] FIG. 7 shows an electric machine according to the invention, comprising a smaller break in an annular portion than the one in FIG. 6;

[0041] FIG. 8 shows an electric machine according to the invention, comprising a larger break in an annular portion than the one in FIG. 6;

[0042] FIG. 9 shows an electric machine according to the invention, comprising a stator according to the invention, including a reduced number of pole shoes in comparison to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

[0043] FIG. 10 shows an electric machine according to the invention, comprising a stator according to the invention, the annular portion of which includes a break in comparison to FIG. 9; and

[0044] FIG. 11 shows an electric machine according to the invention, comprising a stator according to the invention, the annular portion of which is free of auxiliary poles in comparison to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0045] FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first exemplary embodiment. FIG. 1 shows an electric machine 10 embodied as an electric motor, comprising a stator 12 and a rotor 14. The rotor 14 is realized, by way of example, as a six-pole permanent-magnet rotor. In the implementation of the stator 12 shown, use of a twelve-pole rotor is, however, also conceivable.

[0046] The stator 12 includes a rotor receiving region 16 configured to receive the rotor 14. The rotor 14 is configured to be driven around a rotation axis 18 (perpendicular to the drawing plane) within the rotor receiving region 16.

[0047] The stator 12 comprises a stator pack 20. The stator pack 20 comprises a stator pole tooth 32 having a pole shoe 30 adjacent to the rotor receiving region 16. The stator pack 20 comprises a further stator pole tooth 42 having a further pole shoe 40 adjacent to the rotor receiving region 16. The stator pack 20 comprises a third stator pole tooth 52 including a third pole shoe 50 adjacent to the rotor receiving region 16. The stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 are arranged directly adjacent to each other. The pole shoes 30, 40, 50 have the same extension in the circumferential direction in relation to the rotor receiving region 16.

[0048] The stator pole tooth 32 is surrounded by a coil 34 surrounding a coil central axis 36. The stator pole tooth 32 comprises two portions 31, 58. A first portion 58 of the stator pole tooth 32 extends along the coil central axis 36. A second portion 31 of the stator pole tooth 32 connects the first portion 58 of the stator pole tooth 32 to the pole shoe 30 of the stator pole tooth 32. The second portion 31 of the stator pole tooth 32 is at an angle with respect to the first portion 58 of the stator pole tooth 32. Extending from the first portion 58 of the stator pole tooth 32, the second portion 31 of the stator pole tooth 32 extends towards the rotor receiving region 16. At an end of the second portion 31 facing the rotor receiving region 16, the second portion 31 of the stator pole tooth 32 transitions into the pole shoe 30 of the stator pole tooth 32. The stator 12 comprises the coil 34 surrounding the stator pole tooth 32. The coil 34 is fitted on the first portion 58 of the stator pole tooth 32 extending along the coil central axis 36 and surrounds it in the circumferential direction.

[0049] The further stator pole tooth 42 is surrounded by a further coil 44 surrounding a further coil central axis 46. The stator 12 comprises the further coil 44 surrounding the further stator pole tooth 42. The further stator pole tooth 42, over its entire length, extends along the further coil central axis 46. The further stator pole tooth 42, at its end facing the rotor receiving region 16, directly transitions into the further pole shoe 40.

[0050] The third stator pole tooth 52 is surrounded by a third coil 54 surrounding a third coil central axis 56. The stator 12 comprises the third coil 54 surrounding the third stator pole tooth 52. The third stator pole tooth 52 comprises two portions 51, 60. A first portion 60 of the third stator pole tooth 52 extends along the third coil central axis 36. A second portion 51 of the third stator pole tooth 52 connects the first portion 60 of the third stator pole tooth 52 to the pole shoe 50 of the third stator pole tooth 52. The second portion 51 of the third stator pole tooth 52 is at an angle with respect to the first portion 60 of the third stator pole tooth 52. Extending from the first portion 60 of the third stator pole tooth 52, the second portion 51 of the third stator pole tooth 52 extends towards the rotor receiving region 16. At an end of the second portion 31 facing the rotor receiving region 16, the second portion 51 of the third stator pole tooth 52 transitions into the pole shoe 50 of the third stator pole tooth 52. The stator 12 comprises the third coil 54 surrounding the third stator pole tooth 52. The third coil 54 is fitted on the first portion 60 of the third stator pole tooth 52 extending along the third coil central axis 56 and surrounds it in the circumferential direction.

[0051] The coil central axis 36 is skew with respect to the rotation axis 18. Furthermore, the third coil central axis 56 is also skew to the rotation axis 18. The further coil central axis 46 intersects with the rotation axis 18 of the rotor receiving region 16.

[0052] The coil central axis 36 and the further coil central axis 46 are parallel to each other. Furthermore, the third coil central axis 56 and the further coil central axis 46 are also parallel to each other.

[0053] The stator pack 20, having stator pole tooth 32, further stator pole tooth 42 and third stator pole tooth 52, comprises exactly three stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52. The exactly three stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 are arranged directly adjacent to each other. The coil central axes 36, 46, 56 of the exactly three stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 are parallel to each other.

[0054] A space between the coil 34 and the further coil 44 is free of parts of the stator pack 20. A space between the further coil 44 and the third coil 54 is free of parts of the stator pack 20.

[0055] The stator pack 20 comprises an annular portion 22 at least partially surrounding the rotor receiving region 16. The annular portion 22, in the present example, surrounds about 240? of the rotor receiving region 16 without break, in particular in relation to the rotation axis 18. The pole shoes 30, 40, 50 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor receiving region 16 with interposed grooves in succession, in particular adjacent to each other. Together, the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 surround a little less than 120? of the rotor receiving region 16, in particular in relation to the rotation axis 18. The annular portion 22 and the pole shoes 30, 40, 50, together with grooves between the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 and between the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 and the annular portion 22, surround the entire rotor receiving region 16. The annular portion 22 thus surrounds about double the arc length of the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 taken together.

[0056] The annular portion 22 comprises a plurality of auxiliary poles 28. A number of the auxiliary poles 28 corresponds to a multiple of, in the present example double, the number of pole shoes 30, 40, 50, three in the present example. The annular portion 22 comprises six auxiliary poles 28. The auxiliary poles 28 are adjacent to the rotor receiving region 16. All auxiliary poles 28 have the same size at least in the circumferential direction in relation to the rotor receiving region 16. The auxiliary poles 28 are separated from each other by grooves arranged between the individual auxiliary poles 28.

[0057] The stator pack 20 includes a back iron 26 configured to close a magnetic circuit. The back iron 26 includes a first part 24, 24, which is integrally formed with the annular portion 22. The back iron 26 includes a second part 25, which is connected to the first part 24, 24 in a magnetically conductive manner. The first part 24, 24 and the second part 25 each comprise form-fitting elements, which are configured to connect the second part 25 to the first part 24, 24 in a form-fitting manner. The first part 24, 24 and the second part 25 are connected to each other by means of a snap connection 82. The first part 24, 24 is formed as two webs extending in parallel from the annular portion 22 to the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52. The second part 25 comprises grooves 78 into which the ends of the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 protrude in the assembled state.

[0058] The stator pack 20 can further include mounting elements 62, in particular holes. In particular, these mounting elements 62 are for attaching and/or positioning, in particular on a printed circuit board or a motor housing. The stator pack 20 can also comprise a recess 80 for receiving an earth contact.

[0059] During manufacture and/or assembly of the stator 12, first the stator pack 20 is made. The stator pack 20 is made of stamped metal sheet parts, which are stacked onto each other and adhesively glued, in particular by means of a bonding varnish, or die-cut packaged (cf. FIG. 2). To achieve this, a small number of contiguous metal sheet layers 66, in which the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 are connected with each other, or the outer pole shoes 30, 50 are connected to adjacent auxiliary poles 28 by means of metal sheet webs 76 (cf. FIG. 3), in combination with a larger number of metal sheet layers 68, in which the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 are realized as individual metal sheets, which are not, in particular not magnetically, connected among each other, or with one of the auxiliary poles 28, in the region of the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 (cf. FIG. 4). In particular, at least the outermost metal sheet layers of the stator pack 20 are realized as contiguous metal sheet layers 66. In addition, some individual inner metal sheet layers of the stator pack 20 can also be realized as contiguous metal sheet layers 66. By combining of contiguous metal sheet layers 66 with metal sheet layers 68 in which the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 are formed as individual metal sheets, a mechanically solid, but magnetically poorly conductive connection between neighboring pole shoes 30, 40, 50 is achieved. Subsequently, the stack can be brought into its final shape by means of a parting method, in particular by means of water jet cutting, laser cutting or wire erosion. In particular, the stack is subdivided into two component partsthe second part 25 of the back iron 26 and the first part 24, 24 of the back iron 26, which is integrally formed with the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52, the pole shoes 30, 40, 50 and the annular portion 22. Alternatively, the component parts can also be manufactured independently from one another.

[0060] Subsequently, the pre-assembled carry-over identical coils 34, 44, 54 are fitted from the outside, as seen from the rotor receiving region 16, onto the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52. The coils 34, 44, 54 each have a coil body 64, 70, 72. The coil bodies 64, 70, 72 consist of an electrically insulating material, in particular, are at least essentially of a plastic material. The coil bodies 64, 70, 72 are configured to electrically insulate a winding wire of the coils 34, 44, 54 from the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52. The coil bodies 64, 70, 72 also support contact pins 74 to achieve electric contacting of the coils 34, 44, 54. The parallel arrangement of the stator pole teeth 32, 42, 52 and the parallel arrangement of the coils 34, 44, 54 achieved thereby allows the contact pins 74 to be arranged along a straight line thus advantageously achieving contacting and/or connecting of the coils 34, 44, 54. Subsequently, the second part 25 of the back iron 26 is connected to the first part 24, 24 of the back iron 26 in a form-fitting manner.

[0061] FIGS. 5 to 11 illustrate further exemplary embodiments of the invention. The following descriptions will be essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments wherein, with regard to components, features and functions that remain the same, the description of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 can serve as a reference. To differentiate between the exemplary embodiments, the reference numerals of the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 to 11 have the letters a to g appended to them. Regarding components bearing the same name, in particular regarding components having the same reference numerals, the drawings and/or the description of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 can be referred to.

[0062] FIG. 5 shows an electric machine 10a embodied as an electric motor, comprising a stator 12a and a rotor 14a. The stator 12a has a stator pack 20a. The stator pack 20a comprises a subdivided stator pole tooth 32a, 32a. A first part of the stator pole tooth 32a is integrally formed with a pole shoe 30a. A second part of the stator pole tooth 32a is integrally formed with a second part 25a of a back iron 26.

[0063] The stator pack 20a comprises a further subdivided stator pole tooth 42a, 42a. A first portion of the further stator pole tooth 42a is integrally formed with a pole shoe. A second portion of the further stator pole tooth 42a is integrally formed with a second part 25a of a back iron 26a.

[0064] The stator pack 20a comprises a third subdivided stator pole tooth 52a, 52a. A first portion of the third stator pole tooth 52a is integrally formed with a pole shoe 50a. A second portion of the third stator pole tooth 52a is integrally formed with a second part 25a of a back iron 26a.

[0065] Furthermore, embodiments are conceivable in which at least one of the stator pole teeth or all of the stator pole teeth is/are integrally formed with the second part of the back iron. Mixed embodiments of the above-presented embodiments are also conceivable.

[0066] Furthermore, embodiments having more or fewer than three stator pole teeth are also conceivable. A number of the auxiliary poles, pole shoes and coils will then be adapted correspondingly.

[0067] FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show further electric machines 10b, 10c, 10d realized as electric motors, the annular portions 22b, 22c, 22d of which each have breaks 84b, 84c, 84d when compared to FIGS. 1 to 4, which subdivide the respective annular portion 22b, 22c, 22d into a first annular partial portion 86b, 86c, 86d and a second annular partial portion 88b, 88c, 88d. The breaks 84b, 84c, 84d allow an overall impedance to be advantageously adapted, wherein, in particular, an influence of a transition from a first part 24b, 24c, 24d to a second part 25b, 25c, 25d of a back iron 26b, 26c, 26d on the overall impedance can be minimized. In addition, additional construction space can be created in the break 84b, 83c, 84d, for example, for a shaft (not shown) driven by the rotor 14b, 14c, 14d, or a fixed shaft 90b (cf. FIG. 6) on which a transmission gear is mountable.

[0068] The breaks 84b, 84c, 84d have different sizes. The break 84c in FIG. 7, for example, is smaller than the break 84b in FIG. 6 and is placed precisely between two auxiliary poles 28c. The break 84d in FIG. 8, for example, is larger than the break 84b in FIG. 6, wherein two auxiliary poles 28c are missing when compared to the implementation of FIG. 7. In the implementation according to FIG. 6, two auxiliary poles 28b adjacent to the break 84b are made smaller by the break 84b in comparison to the remaining auxiliary poles 28b.

[0069] The smaller the break 84b, 84c, 84d, the smaller is a cogging torque which, on the one hand, is desirable. The larger the break 84b, 84c, 84d, however, the larger the additional construction space that becomes available, which can simplify assembly, in particular. The choice of size of the break 84b, 84c, 84d will depend on the respective application.

[0070] FIGS. 9 and 10 show further electric machines 10e, 10f realized as electric motors having a reduced number of poles in comparison to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 8, that is a reduced overall number of pole shoes 30e, 30f, 40e, 40f, 50e, 50f and auxiliary poles 28e, 28f. Moreover, the rotors 14e, 14f, in the present example, have eight magnetic poles, while the rotors 14, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d of the previous exemplary embodiments only have six magnetic poles.

[0071] While a number of poles in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 7 is nine and, in the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 8, is seven, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9 has only six poles and the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10 has only five poles.

[0072] An annular portion 22f of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10 has a break 84f having an angular extension which corresponds precisely to one of the auxiliary poles 28e of FIG. 9.

[0073] By reducing the number of poles, the pole shoes 30e, 30f, 40e, 40f, 50e, 50f extend over an angular region of approximately 180? about a rotor receiving region 16e, 16f.

[0074] FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment which essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4, wherein an annular portion 22g according to FIG. 11 is free of auxiliary poles 28. This can advantageously reduce a cogging torque.