ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

Antimicrobial compositions that include at least one aliphatic aldehyde component and allyl isothiocyanate are provided. Methods of reducing bacterial activity using the instantly disclosed compositions are also provided.

Claims

1. A method of reducing bacterial activity in an environment, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a volatile antimicrobial composition in the environment, wherein the volatile antimicrobial composition comprises: (a) at least one aliphatic aldehyde component (b) allyl isothiocyanate; and (c) a non-aqueous solvent; wherein the antimicrobial composition is formulated to evaporate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the total amount of aliphatic aldehyde component is present at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % of the antimicrobial composition; and wherein the at least one aliphatic aldehyde component has a minimum inhibition concentration of at least about 0.9 mg/L against bacterial growth.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the total amount of allyl isothiocyanate is present at from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the antimicrobial concentration.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one aliphatic aldehyde component and allyl isothiocyanate have a fractional inhibition concentration of equal to or less than 0.5.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein gram-positive bacteria are reduced.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein gram-negative bacteria are reduced.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the volatile antimicrobial composition reduces malodor.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial composition is incorporated in an air sanitizer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. 1 depicts Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of trans-2-octenal and trans-2-octenal and mustard essential oil against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

[0011] FIG. 2 depicts Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for C.sub.6-C.sub.11 trans-2-alkenals alone and in combination with mustard essential oil against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aldehyde Component

[0012] The presently disclosed subject matter provides antimicrobial compositions that include at least one aldehyde component. In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is an aliphatic aldehyde.

[0013] In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is an aliphatic C.sub.6-C.sub.13 aldehyde, including unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.6-C.sub.13 aldehydes having 1, 2, 3, 4 or more double bonds (e.g., an aliphatic C.sub.6-C.sub.13 ?, ? unsaturated aldehyde). In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is an aliphatic C.sub.7-C.sub.12 aldehyde, including unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.7-C.sub.12 aldehydes having 1, 2, 3, 4 or more double bonds (e.g., an aliphatic C.sub.7-C.sub.12 ?, ? unsaturated aldehyde). In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is an aliphatic C.sub.9-C.sub.13 aldehyde, including unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.9-C.sub.13 aldehydes having 1, 2, 3, 4 or more double bonds (e.g., an aliphatic C.sub.9-C.sub.13 ?, ? unsaturated aldehyde). In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is an aliphatic C.sub.7-C.sub.11 aldehyde, including unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.7-C.sub.11 aldehydes having 1, 2, 3, 4 or more double bonds (e.g., an aliphatic C.sub.7-C.sub.11 ?, ? unsaturated aldehyde). In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is an aliphatic C.sub.10-C.sub.12 aldehyde, including unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.10-C.sub.12 aldehydes having 1, 2, 3, 4 or more double bonds (e.g., an aliphatic C.sub.10-C.sub.12 ?, ? unsaturated aldehyde).

[0014] In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is straight-chained, and not branched (e.g., a straight-chained unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.13 aldehyde, a straight-chained unsaturated C.sub.7-C.sub.12 aldehyde, a straight-chained unsaturated C.sub.7-C.sub.11 aldehyde, a straight-chained unsaturated C.sub.9-C.sub.13 aldehyde, a straight-chained unsaturated C.sub.10-C.sub.12 aldehyde, a straight-chained unsaturated C.sub.10-C.sub.12 aldehyde).

[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the aldehyde component is a branched unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde (e.g., a branched unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.13 aldehyde, a branched unsaturated C.sub.7-C.sub.12 aldehyde, a branched unsaturated C.sub.7-C.sub.11 aldehyde, a branched unsaturated C.sub.9-C.sub.13 aldehyde, a branched unsaturated C.sub.10-C.sub.12 aldehyde, or a branched unsaturated C.sub.10-C.sub.12 aldehyde). In one embodiment the alkyl chain of the branched aliphatic aldehyde is substituted with one or more of methyl, ethyl and/or propyl groups. An example of branched unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde applicable for use in the compositions of the present application include, 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal.

[0016] In a still alternative embodiment, the aldehyde component can be a saturated aldehyde, such as an unbranched (e.g., octanal, nonanal, decanal) or branched (e.g., 2-methyl undecanal) saturated C.sub.6-C.sub.13 aldehyde. Combinations of saturated aldehydes can be employed (e.g., a combination of octanal, nonanal and decanal aldehdyes), or they can be used alone with, or without unsaturated aldehydes (which themselves may be used alone, or in combination). In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is selected from one or more of: hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecanal, dodecanal, and tridecanal.

[0017] In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is a C.sub.8 aldehyde (e.g., trans-2-octenal, 2, 4 octadienal). In an alternative embodiment, the aldehyde component is a C.sub.12 aliphatic aldehyde (e.g., trans-2-dodecenal, 2, 4 dodecadienal, 2-methyl undecanal).

[0018] In one embodiment, hexenal, octanal, nonanal, and undecenal are excluded as aldehyde components.

[0019] In one embodiment, the aldehyde component is selected from: [0020] trans-2-hexenal:

##STR00001## [0021] trans-2-heptenal:

##STR00002## [0022] trans-2-octenal:

##STR00003## [0023] trans-2-nonenal:

##STR00004## [0024] trans-2-decenal:

##STR00005## [0025] trans-2-undecenal:

##STR00006## [0026] trans-2-dodecenal:

##STR00007## [0027] 2, 4 hexadienal:

##STR00008## [0028] 2, 4 heptadienal:

##STR00009## [0029] 2, 4 octadienal:

##STR00010## [0030] 2,4 nonadienal:

##STR00011## [0031] 2, 4 decadienal:

##STR00012## [0032] 2, 4 undecadienal:

##STR00013## [0033] 2, 4 dodecadienal

##STR00014##

[0034] While the above-described aldehyde components can be used in combination with allyl isothiocyanate, in certain embodiments, the antimicrobial composition does not contain allyl isothiocyanate. For example, one embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter provides a composition that includes from about 5 wt % to about 40% wt %, or from about 8 wt % to about 12 wt %, of one or more aldehyde components described herein (e.g., from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %, or from about 8 wt % to about 12 wt %, of unsaturated or saturated C.sub.6-C.sub.13 straight-chained or branched aliphatic aldehyde).

Allyl Isothiocyanate

[0035] In addition to an aldehyde component, the presently disclosed antimicrobial compositions can also include allyl isothiocyanate. Allyl isothiocyanate can be obtained, for example, from mustard essential oil, which in turn can be commercially obtained. While amounts will vary depending on the source, mustard essential oil typically contains greater than about 90 wt % of allyl isothiocyanate. Alternatively, allyl isothiocyanate can be added in pure, or relatively pure form to the composition.

[0036] Allyl isothiocyanate can also be obtained, for example, from brussels sprouts (about 0.1 mg/kg), cabbage (about 3 mg/kg), cauliflower (about 0.08 mg/kg), horseradish (about 1350 mg/kg) and mustard (about 400-15,000 mg/kg).

[0037] Allyl isothiocyanate can be obtained, for example, by pressing the seeds of brown mustard (Brassica juncea) to remove non-volatile oils. The residue of pressed seeds can be macerated with warm, deionized water and allowed to stand. The macerate can be distilled (e.g., via steam distillation) to yield a volatile fraction with >about 95 wt % allyl isothiocyanate.

Antimicrobial Compositions

[0038] Other components suitable for use in an antimicrobial composition, and known to those of ordinary skill in the art, can be added to the antimicrobial compositions of the present application. The antimicrobial compositions of the present application are particularly active in the vapor phase. Thus, other antimicrobial components that are antimicrobially active in solution (i.e., the liquid phase), can be added to presently disclosed compositions to supplement the overall activity of the presently disclosed compositions. Furthermore, it has been found that ?, ?-unsaturated aldehydes, particularly C.sub.9-13 ?, ?-unsaturated aldehydes, are active in solution and thus can be included to provide antimicrobial activity in solution (as well as the vapor phase).

[0039] The antimicrobial compositions of the present application can contain, for example, fragrance components, fillers, buffers, preservatives and other additives known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The aldehyde component and allyl isothiocyanate (for example allyl isothiocyanate obtained from mustard essential oil) can be diluted to use concentrations with an appropriate solvent. Since allyl isothiocyanate is decomposed by water, non-aqueous solvents are preferred (e.g., fragrance oils or glycols). Furthermore, the compositions should be stored and processed to avoid high heat, since excessive temperatures (e.g., above 170? C.) can also degrade the allyl isothiocyanate.

[0040] The compositions can be added to fragrance oils, flavor oils, and essential oils. In addition to liquids, the antimicrobial compositions of the present application can be incorporated within solids, such as plastics, paper and soap/detergent solid blocks (e.g., but not limited to, polymer beads, such as EVA beads, or gels, oils, etc.) according to techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0041] Use amounts of the aldehyde component, allyl isothiocyanate and other components of the composition can be determined by persons of ordinary skill in the art. As non-limiting examples, the total amount of the aldehyde component(s) in the antimicrobial composition can range from about 2 wt % to about 80 wt %, or from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt %, or from about 30 wt % to about 50 wt %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.

[0042] As non-limiting examples, the total amount of the allyl isothiocyanate in the antimicrobial composition can range from about 0.0001 wt % to about 40 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %, or from about 0.05 wt % to about 0.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.

[0043] Based on the efficacy of combining the aldehyde component with allyl isothiocyanate, the antimicrobial compositions can contain less allyl isothiocyanate (and when obtained from mustard oil, less mustard oil) than antimicrobial compositions of the prior art that contain allyl isothiocyanate, but do not contain an aldehyde component.

[0044] In embodiments which the allyl isothiocyanate is obtained from mustard essential oil, the weight ratio of the total amount of aldehyde component to mustard essential oil can range, for example, from about 0.1:1 to about 500:1, or from about 0.1:1 to about 100:1 (e.g., 50:1), or from about 0.5:1 to about 5:1 (e.g., about 1:1, or 3:1). Other ratios can be used depending on, among other things, the end use of the antimicrobial composition and the other components of the composition.

[0045] The antimicrobial compositions of the present application have been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity in the vapor phase against both gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae) and gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

Applications

[0046] The presently disclosed anti-microbial compositions can be employed in any application in which it is desired to reduce bacterial activity, such as, for example, as bathroom and kitchen cleaning and deodorizing products (e.g., as a dishwasher deodorizer for use in a dishwasher to reduce malodor). The presently disclosed compositions can be employed, for example, as a preservative for foodstuff, for malodor control (e.g., as an air sanitizer for a confined space), and as an antimicrobial agent. Because of the high vapor phase activity of the presently disclosed compositions, they are particularly suitable in enclosed spaces, such as bathroom applications (e.g., around the toilet), in locker rooms, closets and other confined spaces in which vapors emanating from the composition can be retained for a time sufficient to reduce bacterial activity.

[0047] Preferred applications include employing the compositions to control bacteria and/or malodor for use in small spaces/small rooms, and for use in dishwashers, refrigerator, garbage pails, sink garbage disposals, toilet bowls (e.g., as a toilet rim deodorizer), laundry hampers, diaper pails, closets, show boxes, (clothes/fabric) storage boxes, cat litter, pet litter boxes, pet cages, pet bedding, gym lockers, gym bags, sneakers, shoes, etc.

[0048] One embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter provides a method of reducing the activity of Enterococcus hirae, comprising applying a composition that includes a C.sub.9 to C.sub.13 aldehyde component, such as any one of the C.sub.9 to C.sub.13 aldehyde components disclosed herein (or a combination thereof). Another embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter provides a method of reducing the activity of Staphylococcus aureaus, comprising applying a composition that includes a C.sub.10 to C.sub.12 aldehyde component, such as any one of the C.sub.10 to C.sub.12 aldehyde components disclosed herein (or a combination thereof).

[0049] Based on the surprising benefits obtained from combining an aldehyde component with allyl isothiocyanate, one benefit of the presently disclosed compositions is that the amount of mustard essential oil required to provide active levels of allyl isothiocyanate can be reduced. Accordingly, one embodiment of the present application provides a method of increasing the antimicrobial activity of a composition containing allyl isothiocyanate (e.g., a composition containing mustard essential oil) that includes adding at least one, or a combination of aldehyde components to the composition, in which the aldehyde component can include any one of the presently described aldehyde components.

EXAMPLES

[0050] The present invention is further described by means of the examples, presented below. The use of such examples is illustrative only and in no way limits the scope and meaning of the invention or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the invention is not limited to any particular preferred embodiments described herein. Indeed, many modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. The invention is therefore to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims along with the full scope of equivalents to which the claims are entitled.

Example 1

[0051] Seeded brain heart infusion (BHI) agar plates of Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Salmonella enterica ATCC.sub.13311, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 were placed in sealed 7 L acrylic boxes and exposed to vapors of trans-2-alkenals (C.sub.6 to C.sub.11 carbon chain length) and mustard essential oil (MEO) binary combinations.

[0052] The trans-2-alkenals and MEO were weighed neat into a glass jar which was positioned in the box between the seeded agar plates. The concentration of the single materials and binary combinations introduce in the 7 L box were expressed as weight per unit volume of the box (mg/L). Several concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/L to 43 mg/L of the single materials and combinations were tested for each organism. The vapor phase minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) with no growth after 3 days of incubation at room temperature. Fractional Inhibition Concentrations (FIC) was determined to evaluate the antibacterial effect of trans-2-alkenals and MEO combinations in the vapor phase based on the following formula:

Combined FIC=(MIC of trans-2-alkenal.sub.combination/MIC of trans-2-alkenal.sub.alone)+(MIC of MEO.sub.combination/MIC of MEO.sub.alone)

[0053] MIC's of the trans-2-alkenal.sub.combination was determined by starting with one-half or one-quarter of the MIC of the trans-2-alkenal.sub.alone and one-half or one-quarter of the MIC of the MEO.sub.alone for the particular bacteria tested, and stepping down the concentration of the aldehyde until the minimum concentration is achieved such that the agar plate showed no bacterial growth (as observed by the naked eye). MIC's of the MEO.sub.combination was determined by starting with one-half or one-quarter of the MIC of the trans-2-alkenal.sub.alone and one-half or one-quarter of the MIC of the MEO.sub.alone, and stepping down the concentration of the MEO until the minimum concentration is reached such that the agar plate showed no bacterial growth (as observed by the naked eye).

[0054] Combined FIC values for trans-2-alkenals and MEO combinations are shown below in Table 1. Combinations with combined FIC equal or less than 0.5 are considered to have a strong synergistic effect. Combinations with combined FIC equal to or less than 1, but greater than 0.5 are considered to exhibit synergistic properties.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Combined FIC values for trans-2-alkenals and MEO combinations (vapor phase) trans-2- trans-2- trans-2- trans-2- trans-2- trans-2- hexenal + heptenal + octenal + nonenal + decenal + undecenal + MEO MEO MEO MEO MEO MEO P. a. ATCC 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 15422 S. e. ATCC 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 13311 E. c. ATCC 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 10536 E. f. ATCC 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 29212 E. h. ATCC 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 10541 S. a. ATCC 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 6538

[0055] MIC values used to obtain the FIC values in Table 1 is shown in Tables 2-5, below:

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Combined MIC and FIC values for trans-2-alkenals and MEO combinations - E.h. 10541 (vapor phase) MIC MIC trans- trans- 2-alkenal in MIC MIC MEO 2-alkenal combination MEO in com- alone with MEO alone bination Combined (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) FIC trans-2- 12.8 3.6 12.8 6.4 0.8 hexenal + MEO trans-2- 12.8 6.4 12.8 3.6 0.8 heptenal + MEO trans-2- 25.6 6.4 12.8 3.6 0.5 octenal + MEO trans-2- 6.4 3.6 12.8 3.6 0.8 nonenal + MEO trans-2- 6.4 3.6 12.8 3.6 0.8 decenal + MEO trans-2- 12.8 6.4 12.8 3.6 0.8 undecenal + MEO

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Combined MIC and FIC values for trans-2-alkenals and MEO combinations - E.f. 29212 (vapor phase) MIC MIC trans- trans- 2-alkenal in MIC MIC MEO 2-alkenal combination MEO in com- alone with MEO alone bination Combined (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) FIC trans-2- 6.4 3.6 12.8 6.4 1.1 hexenal + MEO trans-2- 6.4 6.4 12.8 3.6 1.3 heptenal + MEO trans-2- 43.0 3.6 12.8 3.6 0.4 octenal + MEO trans-2- 6.4 3.6 12.8 3.6 0.8 nonenal + MEO trans-2- 6.4 3.6 12.8 3.6 0.8 decenal + MEO trans-2- 12.8 6.4 12.8 3.6 0.8 undecenal + MEO

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Combined MIC and FIC values for trans-2-alkenals and MEO combinations - P.a. 15442 (vapor phase) MIC MIC trans- trans- 2-alkenal in MIC MIC MEO 2-alkenal combination MEO in com- alone with MEO alone bination Combined (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) FIC trans-2- 12.8 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.6 hexenal + MEO trans-2- 25.6 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 heptenal + MEO trans-2- 43.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 octenal + MEO trans-2- 43.0 0.9 2.0 1.0 0.5 nonenal + MEO trans-2- 43.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 decenal + MEO trans-2- 43.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 undecenal + MEO

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Combined MIC and FIC values for trans-2-octenal formulations (vapor phase) MIC MIC trans- trans- 2-octenal in MIC MIC MEO 2-octenal combination MEO in Combined alone with MEO alone combination FIC P.a. 15442 43.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 S.e. 13311 43.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 E.c. 10536 43.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 E.f. 29212 43.0 6.4 12.8 3.6 0.4 E.h. 10541 25.6 6.4 12.8 3.6 0.5 S.a. 6538 3.6 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0

[0056] MIC's of trans-2-octenal, alone and in combination with MEO, in the vapor phase against agar plates of Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Salmonella enterica ATCC.sub.13311, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 are shown in FIG. 1. The MIC to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422 and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 in the vapor phase is shown in FIG. 2.

[0057] As shown above, binary combinations of ?, ?-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and MEO showed a synergistic effect in the vapor phase to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Higher chain lengthed aldehydes showed a higher activity against the gram positive bacteria in this example (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541).

[0058] MIC values were also determined for trans-2 octenal, octanal formulations, and MEO in solution and in the vapor phase. The results are shown below in Table 6.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 MIC values for trans-2-octenal and octanal formulations in vapor phase and in solution trans-2- MEO trans-2- octenal octanal alone octenal in vapor in vapor in vapor in octanal in MEO in phase phase phase solution solution solution (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) P.a. 15442 43.0 84.8 2.0 >125 >125 >62.5 S.e. 13311 43.0 42.4 2.0 >125 >125 >62.5 E.c. 10536 43.0 21.1 2.0 >125 >125 >62.5 E.f. 29212 43.0 42.4 12.8 >125 >125 >62.5 E.h. 10541 25.6 42.4 12.8 >125 >125 >62.5 S.a. 6538 3.6 7.8 2.0 >125 >125 >62.5

[0059] Table 6 indicates that the tested compositions active in the vapor phase, but not in solution. This demonstrates that antibacterial activity in the vapor phase is distinct from activity in solution. When creating compositions with antibacterial activity, one or more active materials can be selected. Materials active in the vapor phase may not be active in solution (and vice versa). To provide compositions with activity in the vapor phase, consideration need only given to materials that are active in the vapor phaseits' activity in solution is not a consideration. The reverse also holds for compositions active in solution. Therefore active compositions that demonstrate activity in the vapor phase are expected to be quite different from active compositions that demonstrate activity in solution. The differences are not simply due to test methods as both test for antibacterial activity. While not being bound by any particular theory, research suggests that the mechanism of antibacterial activity in the vapor phase and activity in solution is distinct and different from activity in solution. The molecular and/or structural targets on the bacteria can be different.

Example 2

[0060] Seeded brain heart infusion (BHI) agar plates of Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Salmonella enterica ATCC.sub.13311, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 were placed in sealed 7 L acrylic boxes and exposed to vapors of the compositions shown below. A control was established in which the agar plates was not treated with vapors. [0061] Composition A: 9.3 mg/L of trans-2-hexenal [0062] Composition B: 9.3 mg/L of trans-2-heptenal [0063] Composition C: 9.3 mg/L of 2, 4-heptadienal [0064] Composition D: 7.1 mg/L of trans-2-hexenal [0065] Composition E: 7.1 mg/L of 2,4-heptadienal [0066] Composition F: 7.1 mg/L of 2,4-heptadienal+citronellol (1:1) [0067] Composition G: 9.3 mg/L of citronellal+citral DMA (1:1) [0068] Composition H: 9.3 mg/L of benzaldehyde+citral DMA (1:1) [0069] Composition I: 9.3 mg/L of furfural+citronellol (1:1) [0070] Composition J: 7.1 mg/L of citral+citronellal (1:1) [0071] Composition K: 7.1 mg/L of trans-2-hexenal+citronellol (1:1)

[0072] The following results were obtained:

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Vapor Phase Activity Against Bacteria S.a. 6538 E.f. 29212 E.h 10541 E.c. 10536 S.e. 13311 P.a. 15442 Composition A +++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ Composition B +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ + Composition C +++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ Composition D +++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ Composition E +++ ++ + +++ +++ ++ Composition F +++ ? ? ? ? ? Composition G ? ? ? ? ? ? Composition H ++ ? ? ? ? ? Composition I ? ? ? ? ? ? Composition J +++ ? ? ? ? ? Composition K +++ ? ? ++ ++ ? KEY: ? No Activity (growth) + Slight Activity (some growth, but much less than control) ++ Medium Activity (pinprick growth) +++ High Activity (no growth)

Example 3

[0073] A detergent base was obtained based on a commercially-available gel detergent product and used as a positive control. To the positive control was added, in separate trials, a fragrance composition containing 0.2 wt % of trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans-2-undecenal, trans-2-dodecenal, and trans-2-tridecenal aldehydes.

[0074] The activity log reduction of these compositions was determined against Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in solution. Each 1 gram of product was diluted with 116 grams of water, stirred with a stir bar for about 10 minutes. An aliquot was added with bacteria, mixed on a vortex mixer and placed in a 50? C. water bath. After 1 hour, sample was diluted in D/E Neutralization broth (Dey and Engley) and plated onto solid media. Surviving bacteria was counted after 1 day incubation at 37? C. The results are shown below in Table 8.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Activity Log Reduction of Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in solution Enterococcus hirae Staphylococcus aureus Composition Tested ATCC 10541 ATCC 6538 Detergent base (control) 1.5 3.1 +trans-2-nonenal 2.2 3.9 +trans-2-decenal 3.6 >5 +trans-2-undecenal 4.8 4.7 +trans-2-dodecenal >5 >5 +trans-2-tridecenal >5 3.9

[0075] The activity log reduction of a fragrance composition containing trans-2-dodecenal was tested when used in increasing amounts from 0.3% to 0.5%. The composition was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541. The results are shown below in Table 9, in which the anti-microbial composition decreased bacterial activity in a dose-related manner, while providing a hedonically appealing fragrance.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Activity log reduction of a fragrance composition containing trans-2-dodecenal Staphylo- Entero- coccus coccus Pseudomonas Escherichia aureus hirae aeruginosa coli ATCC ATCC ATCC ATCC 15422 10536 6538 10541 Detergent base >5 >5 2 1 (control) Base + 0.3% >5 >5 4 3 Table 8 trans-2- dodecenal composition Base + 0.4% >5 >5 >5 3.5 Table 8 trans-2- dodecenal composition Base + 0.5% >5 >5 >5 >5 Table 8 trans-2- dodecenal composition

Example 4

[0076] The following composition was prepared by mixing the following components, in which the percentages are weight percent.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Antibacterial Aldehyde-Containing Composition with Fragrance Components Component Amount (wt %) decanal 36% octanal 2% nonanal 2% citronellyl acetate (available from Takasago 13% Int'l Corp.) citronellyl nitrile (available from Takasago 8% Int'l Corp.) dh citronellal (@10%) (available from 3% Takasago Int'l Corp.) ethyl butyrate 1% hindinol (available from Takasago Int'l Corp.) 1% iso propoxy ethyl salicylate (available from 15% Takasago Int'l Corp.) linalyl acetate synthetic 9% terpinyl acetate 10% 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acetate 1%

[0077] This composition was shown to have antibacterial activity against all of the bacteria tested, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

[0078] The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. Various modifications of the invention in addition to those described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the accompanying figures. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0079] Patents, patent applications, publications, product descriptions, and protocols are cited throughout this application, the disclosures of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.