CARPENTRY TOOL AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME
20240091976 ยท 2024-03-21
Inventors
Cpc classification
International classification
Abstract
A carpentry tool that includes a main body including a first side and a second side. The first side and the second side each have a first end and a second end. The carpentry tool further includes an adjustable mechanism configured to adjust a cutting angle on a workpiece for a cutting device and a lead guide segment connected to the end of at least one of the first side and the second side. The lead guide segment is configured to align the cutting device for cutting the workpiece
Claims
1. A carpentry tool comprising: a main body comprising a first side and a second side, the first side and the second side each having a first end and a second end; an adjustable mechanism configured to adjust a cutting angle on a workpiece for a cutting device; and a lead guide segment connected to the end of at least one of the first side and the second side, the lead guide segment configured to align the cutting device for cutting the workpiece.
2. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the lead guide segment is adjustable between a working position and a folded position.
3. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the main body comprises the first side and the second side connected to a third side forming a triangular planar body and further comprises a slide track that extends along at least one of the first side and the second side, and the adjustable mechanism comprises an adjustable lever comprising a fixed end connected to the planar body and a moveable end that is configured to move along the slide track.
4. The carpentry tool according to claim 3, wherein the adjustable lever further comprises a second track and a slidable member, the slidable member being configured to slide along both the slide track and the second track.
5. The carpentry tool according to claim 3, wherein the first side and the second side of the triangular planar body are connected at an angle selected from a right angle, an acute angle, and an obtuse angle.
6. The carpentry tool according to claim 3, wherein the slide track has an angular path.
7. The carpentry tool according to claim 3, wherein the slide track has a part-elliptical path.
8. The carpentry tool according to claim 3, wherein the slide track has a part-circular path.
9. The carpentry tool according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the first side or the second side includes incremental angle and/or length measurement indicia.
10. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the main body comprises the first side and the second side connected to a third side forming a triangular planar body and further comprises a slide track that extends between the second side and the third side, and the adjustable mechanism comprises an adjustable lever comprising a fixed end connected to the planar body and a moveable end that is configured to move along the slide track, and wherein the lead guide segment is connected to and extends from at least one of the first side and the second side.
11. The carpentry tool according to claim 10, wherein the slide track comprises a semi-elliptical path.
12. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the first end of the first side is connected to the first end of the second side and the lead guide segment is connected to the second end of at least one of the first side or the second side, and at least the first side comprises a slide track, and wherein the adjustable mechanism comprises a slidable member being configured to slide along the slide track.
13. The carpentry tool according to claim 12, wherein the first side and the second side are connected having an acute angle between the first side and the second side.
14. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable mechanism comprises an anchoring edge configured to engage the workpiece.
15. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the lead guide segment has a thickness of about ? inch to about ? inch.
16. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable mechanism comprises a planar face having a width equal to or smaller than a width of the first side or the second side.
17. The carpentry tool according to claim 1, wherein the carpentry tool is configured in a way such that the carpentry tool has a first planar surface and a second planar surface opposite the first planar surface such that the carpentry tool is able to guide the cutting device when either the first planar surface or the second planar surface is positioned on the workpiece.
18. A method for cutting a workpiece comprising: adjusting a cutting angle for the carpentry tool according to claim 1; positioning the carpentry tool on the workpiece to be cut; aligning the cutting device along the lead guide segment of the carpentry tool; and guiding the cutting device along the lead guide segment.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] References are made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this disclosure, and which illustrate embodiments in which the systems and methods described in this specification can be practiced.
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[0024] Like numbers represent like features.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] This disclosure relates to carpentry tools and more specifically, carpentry tools that can be used to mark, measure, find an angle, and, specifically, make cuts in the field and/or at a job site, and more specifically to act as a guide to make angular cuts.
[0026] Currently, a device is not available for making repeatable and/or reproducible cuts, especially, in the field and/or at a job site, e.g., for cutting rafters or a multitude of workpieces at a house, barn, building, or the like. Rather, the current carpentry tools are only provided for making measurements and/or markings on the workpiece. The workpiece is then cut without a guide, e.g., free-hand, or after an initial cut is made free-hand, the carpentry tool can be used to make a 90 degree cut and 45 degree cuts in limited situations, e.g., using the carpentry tool as a cutting guide. While repeatable and/or reproducible cuts can be made if the workpiece, after marked in the field, is brought to a stationary saw, for example, a miter saw having a fixed cut angle, e.g., 40 degree to match an angle pitch of a roof, for example, a 4 to 12/12 roof pitch, such use of a stationary saw is not preferred at least because of the time and labor required to move the workpieces to the fixed location having the stationary saw. That is, the stationary saw cannot be brought up to the workpieces that need to be set in place and fixed before measurements, and then cut, sometimes one to two stories up in the house or building.
[0027] Embodiments of the present disclosure overcome such deficiencies by providing a carpentry tool that includes a main body that includes a first side and a second side, in which the first side and the second side each have a first end and a second end. The carpentry tool further includes an adjustable mechanism configured to adjust a cutting angle on a workpiece for a cutting device or tool and a lead guide segment connected to the end of at least one of the first side and the second side, in which the lead guide segment is configured to align the cutting tool for cutting the workpiece. As such, the carpentry tool according to the embodiments discussed herein allow providing repeatable and/or reproducible cuts on a multitude of workpieces in the field, e.g., while at the roof under construction/repair, by having an adjustable mechanism to set the desired cutting angle and a lead guide segment to guide the cutting tool during an entirety of a cut, e.g., a cut square which avoids making a cut free-hand by acting as a cutting guide for the workpiece.
[0028] It is appreciated that the terms connected, coupled, attached, and the like are not intended to be limiting, but rather being used for discussion of the claimed features. As such, the terms are not intended to imply or suggest that the different features are different parts having multiple pieces that are connected, coupled, or attached, but rather, used to describe the different features of the carpentry tool, in which the carpentry tool can be formed as one piece or integrally formed having the different features, can be formed from several pieces, and/or can be used to describe the same part.
[0029]
[0030] As illustrated in
[0031] In this embodiment, the first side 110 and the second side 120 have the second ends 112, 122 connected to third side 150 which forms a main triangular planar body 105, e.g., a right triangular body. The main triangular planar body 105 can have a thickness between about ? to ? of an inch or similar (or 0.3175 centimeters to 1.9 centimeters) to provide sufficient strength for the carpentry tool and a surface for guiding the cutting tool. As such, the third side 150 is configured to guide the cutting tool, for example, by acting as a fence or guide to align the cutting tool when cutting the workpiece. It is appreciated that in an embodiment, the third side 150 can include a guide track for engaging the cutting tool, e.g., a lip or groove for engaging the baseplate or frame of the cutting tool.
[0032] The triangular planar main body 105 further includes a slide track 160 that extends along at least one of the first side 110 and/or the second side 120. In an embodiment, the slide track 160 can have a smooth, corrugated, ridged, or other designed track for engaging the adjustable mechanism 130. The slide track 160 can have a path that is parallel to the first side 110 and/or the second side 120, a path that is angular, a path that is part-elliptical, or a path that is part-circular, which is continuous or discontinuous between the first side 110 and the second side 120. It is understood that the term part is directed to describing a partial form of the geometric shape to define a path necessary to mark or identify the necessary angle to be cut and allow the functioning of the carpentry tool, as discussed below.
[0033] The first side 110, the second side 120, and/or the third side 150 can include incremental angle and/or length measurement indicia and/or similar measurement indicia to allow the user to mark, measure, and/or position the carpentry tool 100 for marking, measuring, and, especially, guided cutting of the workpiece. For example, in an embodiment, the length measurement indicia can be for lengths between about 5 inches and about 16 inches (or about 12.7 centimeters to 40.6 centimeters). The angles can include measurement indicia on, near, or adjacent the slide track and/or at a side edge of the first side 110, the second side 120, and/or the third side 150. The length measurements can be provided at the side edge of the first side 110, the second side 120, and/or the third side 150, in which the indicia can be perpendicular to the side edge, whereas, the angle indicia can be provided at an angle corresponding to the slide track 160. It is appreciated that the indicia can be provided on either a front planar side and/or on a back planar side of the carpentry tool 100.
[0034] The adjustable mechanism 130 can be an adjustable lever provided for adjusting a cutting angle for cutting, marking, and/or measuring a workpiece. The adjustable mechanism 130 can include a planar face having a width equal to or smaller than a width of the first side 110 or the second side 120. The adjustable mechanism/lever 130 is pivotally connected to the main triangular planar body 105 at a first end 131 and is slidably connected in the slide track 160 at a second end 132. The adjustable mechanism 130 can be connected to the main triangular planar body 105 and the slide track 160 using a fastener, such, as, a wing nut and bolt, a positioning pin or bolt, a knob and bolt, cam lock, or a combination thereof or a similar configuration that allows the tensioning and release of the adjustable mechanism 130 to adjust and fix the cutting angle for the workpiece. It is also appreciated that the first end 131 of the adjustable mechanism 130 can be fixed or permanently pivotally connected to the main triangular planar body 105, for example, using the bolts discussed above, or a rivet, push pins, or other fixing mechanism to fixedly connect the adjustable mechanism 130 to the main triangular planar body 105.
[0035] As seen in
[0036] Referring back to
[0037] In an embodiment, the lead guide segment 140 is connected to the second side 120 and is formed, at least in part, by the third side 150, as schematically illustrated as the dashed line in
[0038] In an embodiment, the carpentry tool 100 and components forming the carpentry tool 100 can be made from aluminum, stainless steel, chrome, hard plastic, nylon, wood, carbon fiber, composite, or the like. For example, in an embodiment, the main triangular planar body 105 can be formed from stainless steel and the fasteners for the adjusting mechanism 130 can be made from stainless steel or chrome or other weather resistant materials. In an embodiment, while not intending to be limiting in scope, the length of the first side and second side can be between about 4 inches and about 48 inches (or about 10.2 centimeters to 121.9 centimeters) and the third side between about 4 inches and about 48 inches (or about 10.2 centimeters to 121.9 centimeters), and preferably between 5 and 14 inches (or about 12.7 centimeters to 35.6 centimeters).
[0039]
[0040] As seen in
[0041] As further illustrated in
[0042]
[0043] The carpentry tool 600 also includes an adjustable mechanism 630 for adjusting a cutting angle for cutting, marking, and/or measuring a workpiece. The workpiece can be cut using a hand-held cutting tool, for example, a skill saw, a hand-held saw, a circular saw, or the like. The carpentry tool 600 also includes a lead guide segment 640 connected to at least the first side 610 or the second side 620. The lead guide segment 640 can be provided to align and/or guide the cutting tool for cutting the workpiece.
[0044] The adjustable mechanism 630 can be an adjustable lever provided for adjusting a cutting angle for cutting, marking, and/or measuring a workpiece. The adjustable mechanism/lever 630 is pivotally connected to the main triangular planar body 605 at a first end 631 and is slidably connected in the slide track 660 at a second end 632 by slidable member 634. The adjustable mechanism 630 can be connected to the main triangular planar body 605 and the slide track 660 using a fastener, such as, a wing nut and bolt, a positioning bolt, a knob and bolt, cam lock, or a similar configuration that allows the tensioning and release of the adjustable mechanism 630 to adjust the cutting angle on the workpiece. It is also appreciated that the first end 631 of the adjustable mechanism 630 can be fixed or permanently pivotally connected to the main triangular planar body 605, for example, using the bolts discussed above, or a rivet, push pins, or other fixing mechanism to fixedly connect the adjustable mechanism 630 to the main triangular planar body 605.
[0045] In an embodiment, the adjustable mechanism 630 can include a second track 633 provided centrally in the adjustable mechanism/lever 630. The slidable member 634 is configured to slide along both the slide track 660 and the second track 633. In an embodiment, the slidable member 634 can be fastener, such as, a wing nut and bolt or cam-lock to allow the tensioning and release of the adjustable mechanism 630, the operation of which is discussed below.
[0046] The lead guide segment 640 is connected to the second side 620 and is formed, at least in part, by the third side 650, as schematically illustrated as the dashed line in
[0047] In operation of the carpentry tool 600, after the desired cutting angle is set by tensioning the slidable member 634, e.g., by providing a binding force between the adjustable mechanism 630 and the main body 605, the carpentry tool 600 can be used to make precise and repeatable angled cuts repetitively on a multitude of workpieces. For example, the carpentry tool 600 can be positioned on the workpiece in which one of the arms of the adjustable mechanism 630 is configured as an anchoring edge. As such, when the carpentry tool 600 is positioned on the workpiece, the carpentry tool 600 can be securely held against the workpiece such that the lead guide segment 640 and/or the third side 650 can be used as a guide or fence for the cutting tool to cut the workpiece.
[0048] Additionally, in view of the structure of the carpentry tool 600, after the carpentry tool 600 is positioned on the workpiece, the lead guide segment 640 extends from the workpiece such that the lead guide segment 640 has a sufficient length for guiding and/or aligning the cutting tool along the entirety of the cut. As such, unlike the prior designs of the speed square, the carpentry tool 600 as discussed herein is able to make repeatable, precise, and/or reproducible cuts in the field. Additionally, while prior carpentry tools can be used as a cutting guide, such prior carpentry tools were not able to adjust the angle of the cut, e.g., only making either making a 90 degree or 45 degree cut. The carpentry tool 600, however, includes the adjustable mechanism such that various cutting angles can be set to make the desired cuts, e.g., a 40 degree angle to match the pitch of a roof. It is also appreciated that at least in view of the structure of the adjustable mechanism 630, the carpentry tool 600 can be reversible such that either the front planar surface or the back planar surface can be positioned for use as a cutting guide.
[0049]
[0050] The lead guide segment 740 is connected to the second side 720 and is formed, at least in part, by the third side 750, as schematically illustrated as the dashed line in
[0051]
[0052] The carpentry tool 800 also includes an adjustable mechanism 830 for adjusting a cutting angle for cutting, marking, and/or measuring a workpiece. The carpentry tool 800 also includes a lead guide segment 840 connected to at least the first side 810 or the second side 820. The lead guide segment 840 can be provided to align and/or guide the cutting tool for cutting the workpiece. The workpiece can be cut using a hand-held cutting tool, for example, a skill saw, a hand-held saw, a circular saw, or the like.
[0053] The adjustable mechanism 830 is pivotally connected to the main triangular planar body 805 at a first end 831 and is slidably connected in the slide track 860 by slidable member 834. As such, the slidable member 834 can be adjusted in the slide track 860 to adjust the cutting angle of the carpentry tool 800 for cutting a workpiece. It is also appreciated that the first end 831 of the adjustable mechanism 830 can be fixed or permanently pivotally connected to the main triangular planar body 805, for example, using the bolts discussed above, or a rivet, push pins, or other fixing mechanism to fixedly connect the adjustable mechanism 830 to the main triangular planar body 805. In an embodiment, the adjustable mechanism 830 includes a first arm connected at the front planar surface of the carpentry tool 800 and a second arm (not shown) connected at the back planar surface of the carpentry tool 800. In an alternative embodiment, the adjustable mechanism 830 only includes a first arm and further includes a structure for engaging the workpiece, e.g., an anchoring edge, for example, a pin-like or needle-like structure, nuts, or an edge portion that extends towards the workpiece for engaging the same on the back planar surface to provide a more accurate alignment and/or measurement of a cutting angle.
[0054] The lead guide segment 840 can be connected to either or both the first side 810 or the second side 820 and can be formed, at least in part, by the third side 850. In an embodiment, the lead guide segment(s) 840 is a portion or segment of the carpentry tool that extends beyond a width of the workpiece and has sufficient length so that a hand-held cutting tool can engage the carpentry tool 800 for guiding of the same, e.g., a length greater than a distance between the saw or blade of the cutting tool and the base plate or frame. It is appreciated that when the carpentry tool 800 includes the lead guide segments 840 connected to the first side 810 and the second/third side 820/850, the carpentry tool 800 can be used to make either a right hand cut or a left hand cut. As such, the indicia on the slide track can correspond to the cutting angle for the right hand cut, whereas, indicia on a different portion of the main triangular planar body 805 can correspond to the cutting angle for a left hand cut. In an embodiment, the lead guide segment 840 can be adjustable between a working position or a folded position or integrally formed with the first side and/or second side.
[0055] As seen in
[0056] Similarly, if a left-hand cut is to be made on the workpiece, after the adjustable mechanism 830 is slid/repositioned in the slide track 860 to adjust the cutting angle for a left-hand cut angle, the slidable member 834 is tensioned to fix the adjustable mechanism 830 at the desired cutting angle. The carpentry tool 800 is then positioned on the workpiece to be cut, in which the adjustable mechanism 830 is configured as an anchoring edge for the workpiece. As such, when the carpentry tool 800 is positioned on the workpiece, the carpentry tool 800 can be securely held against the workpiece such that the lead guide segment 840 and the third side 850 can be used as a guide or fence for the cutting tool to cut the workpiece.
[0057]
[0058] In an embodiment, a supporting structure 925 can be provided connecting the first side 910 and the second side 920. The supporting structure 925 can be made of the same material as the first side 910 and/or the second side 920. The supporting structure 925 can be connected to the first side 910 and 920 via notches in either the supporting structure 925 or the first side 910 and the second 920 or can be integrally formed, e.g., welding, casting, or the like, with the first side 910 and the second side 920. In an embodiment, the supporting structure 925 can have a thickness greater than the thickness of the first side 910 and the second side 920 and can define an anchoring edge on both the front planar side and the back planar side of the carpentry tool 900. It is appreciated that the front planar side can be a first planar surface that is opposite a second planar surface. For example, as seen in
[0059] The lead guide segment 940 can be connected to either or both the first side 910 and the second side 920. In an embodiment, the lead guide segment(s) 940 is a portion or segment of the carpentry tool that extends beyond a width of the workpiece and has sufficient length so that a hand-held cutting tool can engage the carpentry tool 900 for guiding of the same, e.g., a length greater than a distance between the saw or blade of the cutting tool and the base plate or frame. It is appreciated that the carpentry tool 900 can be used to make either a right hand cut or a left hand cut by the placement of the carpentry tool 900 having the desired cutting angle on the workpiece from either the front planar side, e.g., first planar surface, or the back planar side, e.g., second planar surface, such that the cut portion of the workpiece falls away from the workpiece.
[0060] In an embodiment, the carpentry tool 900 consists of the first side 910, the second side 920, the slide track 960, the lead guide segment 940, the slidable member 934, and optionally the supporting structure 925. As such, the carpentry tool 900 has a lighter weight since it does not form a planar and triangular main body and further provides an improved handling since the user or carpenter can grasp the first side 910 or the second side 920.
[0061] In operation of this embodiment, the slidable member 934 can be positioned in a non-engaging position in the slide track 960 and an angle engaging portion in the slide track 960. In the non-engaging position, the slidable member 934 is positioned such that the supporting structure 925 engages the workpiece along the entire length of the supporting structure 925, e.g., the slidable member 934 is positioned below a horizontal plane in line with the supporting structure 925 from a viewing angle perpendicular to the
[0062] It is appreciated that at least in view of the structure of the carpentry tool 100, 600, 700, 800, 900, as described herein, the carpentry tool has a number of advantageous benefits.
[0063] For example, the carpentry tool as discussed herein has a configuration that allows a guided cutting of a workpiece in the field such that repeatable and reproducible angular cuts can be made to a multitude of workpieces. That is, the carpentry tool, as disclosed herein, can be used to provide a fixable angle guide for cutting the workpiece by simply and quickly adjusting the adjustable mechanism to at least provide fast and factory quality mitre cuts or angle cuts without a mitre saw.
[0064] The carpentry tool also avoids any free-hand cutting, e.g., guideless cutting, of the workpiece by the cutting tool, at least because the lead guide segment hangs below or extends beyond the width of the work piece, e.g., provides a guide so that the blade of the cutting tool can engage the workpiece to provide cleaner and straighter cuts.
[0065] The carpentry tool also safely keeps hands farther away from the cutting tool.
[0066] In some embodiments of the carpentry tool, the carpentry tool is reversible such that either side or planar surface of the main body can be available for guiding the cutting of a workpiece. For example, the carpentry tool can be flipped from a front planar side for making a right hand cut, e.g., so the cut piece of the workpiece falls away to the right and away from the remainder of the workpiece, to a back planar side for making a left hand cut, so that the cut piece of the workpiece falls away to the left and away from the remainder of the workpiece. In another embodiment, the carpentry tool can be used on a top edge or a bottom edge of the workpiece for cutting and/or marking.
[0067] Aspects: It is appreciated that any one of the aspects can be combined with any other aspect(s).
[0068] Aspect 1. A carpentry tool comprising: a main body comprising a first side and a second side, the first side and the second side each having a first end and a second end; an adjustable mechanism configured to adjust a cutting angle on a workpiece for a cutting device; and a lead guide segment connected to the end of at least one of the first side and the second side, the lead guide segment configured to align the cutting device for cutting the workpiece.
[0069] Aspect 2. The carpentry tool according to Aspect 1, wherein the lead guide segment is adjustable between a working position and a folded position.
[0070] Aspect 3. The carpentry tool according to any one of Aspects 1-2, wherein the main body comprises the first side and the second side connected to a third side forming a triangular planar body and further comprises a slide track that extends along at least one of the first side and the second side, and the adjustable mechanism comprises an adjustable lever comprising a fixed end connected to the planar body and a moveable end that is configured to move along the slide track.
[0071] Aspect 4. The carpentry tool according to Aspect 3, wherein the adjustable lever further comprises a second track and a slidable member, the slidable member being configured to slide along both the slide track and the second track.
[0072] Aspect 5. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 3 or 4, wherein the first side and the second side of the triangular planar body are connected at an angle selected from a right angle, an acute angle, and an obtuse angle.
[0073] Aspect 6. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 3-5, wherein the slide track has an angular path.
[0074] Aspect 7. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 3-5, wherein the slide track has a part-elliptical path.
[0075] Aspect 8. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 3-5, wherein the slide track has a part-circular path.
[0076] Aspect 9. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 3-8, wherein at least one of the first side or the second side includes incremental angle and/or length measurement indicia.
[0077] Aspect 10. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the main body comprises the first side and the second side connected to a third side forming a triangular planar body and further comprises a slide track that extends between the first side and the second side, and the adjustable mechanism comprises an adjustable lever comprising a fixed end connected to the planar body and a moveable end that is configured to move along the slide track, and wherein the lead guide segment is connected to and extends from at least one of the second side and the third side.
[0078] Aspect 11. The carpentry tool according to Aspect 10, wherein the slide track comprises a semi-elliptical path.
[0079] Aspect 12. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the first end of the first side is connected to the first end of the second side and the lead guide segment is connected to the second end of at least one of the first side or the second side, and at least the first side comprises a slide track, and wherein the adjustable mechanism comprises a slidable member being configured to slide along the slide track.
[0080] Aspect 13. The carpentry tool according to Aspect 12, wherein the first side and the second side are connected having an acute angle between the first side and the second side.
[0081] Aspect 14. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the adjustable mechanism comprises an anchoring edge configured to engage the workpiece.
[0082] Aspect 15. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the lead guide segment has a thickness of about ? inch to about ? inch.
[0083] Aspect 16. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 1-15, wherein the adjustable mechanism comprises a planar face having a width equal to or smaller than a width of the first side or the second side.
[0084] Aspect 17. The carpentry tool according to any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the carpentry tool is configured in a way such that the carpentry tool has a first planar surface and a second planar surface opposite the first planar surface such that the carpentry tool is able to guide the cutting device when either the first planar surface or the second planar surface is positioned on the workpiece.
[0085] Aspect 18. A method for cutting a workpiece comprising: adjusting a cutting angle for the carpentry tool according to claim 1; positioning the carpentry tool on the workpiece to be cut; aligning the cutting device along the lead guide segment of the carpentry tool; and guiding the cutting device along the lead guide segment.
[0086] The terminology used in this specification is intended to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. The terms a, an, and the include the plural forms as well, unless clearly indicated otherwise. The terms comprises and/or comprising, when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components
[0087] The examples disclosed in this application are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not limitative. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description; and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.