Abstract
Optimizing device for the electrodeposition of metals which covers the entire range of electrodeposition of metals from the lowest current densities to the highest, which has multiple openings on its entire surface which maximize the free passage of the electrolyte flow without altering the electrodeposition processes and straightening the electrodes causing an equidistribution of current in the electrodes installed in the cells which leads to the production of cathodes with high quality uniform deposits avoiding the loss of current due to short circuits that occur between anodes and cathodes, thereby increasing the current efficiency of the system. The device comprises a single body with a firm skeletal structure formed by different body sections, at least one body section comprising inclined side walls.
Claims
1. An optimizing device for the electrodeposition of metals with multiple openings which maximizes the passage of the electrolyte flow without altering the electrodeposition processes which is suitable for all current density gammas and which straightens the electrodes avoiding the loss of current due to short circuits that occur between anodes and cathodes, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a single body with a firm skeletal structure formed by different body sections presenting at least one separation section with inclined side walls followed by at least one circulation section with walls that configure a cross section narrower than the separation section repeating this configuration of body sections alternately throughout the length of the device; where all the side walls of the different body sections of the device have multiple openings of various shapes that facilitate the passage of the electrolyte flow, and where the walls of all or part of the sections come together on the front face of the device forming a wall that supports wedge areas arranged to accommodate in a tight and extended form of this wall, the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably of an anode, straightening it in all its extension and separating it from the adjacent electrodes.
2. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the separation section has a U-shaped cross section wider at its rear, and in that the circulation section is formed by parallel side walls.
3. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the side walls have multiple openings, preferably rectangular, triangular, circular, a combination of them and irregular shapes which allow the passage of the electrolyte.
4. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the device with multiple openings and the system that comprises it can work perfectly in the entire range of current density for electrodeposition of metals, especially with low current densities.
5. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge areas can be extended or not extended, small, medium or large and distributed along the entire front extension of the device.
6. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge area is an extended wedge area which extends along most of the front extension of the device, preferably along its entire length.
7. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it has fixing holes, preferably located in the wedge area along the extension of said area which allow the electrode housed in said wedge area to be fixed thanks to fixing media.
8. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it is not necessary to drill the anodes, comprising a clamp system by means of which the devices are fixed to the anode, preferably located in the wedge area along the electrode extension.
9. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge area projects from the junction of the side walls outside of the device in the extended form of the electrode.
10. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the area of the zone formed by the wall that joins the side walls outside of the device until it is in contact with the edge of the electrode in an extended form, can be variable to give greater or lesser passage of the electrolyte flow.
11. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the front wall that joins the side walls of the device is in contact with the edge of the anode throughout its extension formed with non-extended wedge areas.
12. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one of its ends comprises inclined planes arranged on the inclined side walls which facilitate sliding with respect to adjacent electrodes.
13. The device according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that both ends of the device have inclined planes arranged on the side walls of the device.
14. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the separation sections define a cross section in the form of a U wider at its rear with an equidistant angle device.
15. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the circulation sections define a cross section in the shape of a U with a width less than the separation section which significantly facilitates the passage of the electrolyte.
16. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge area has a square or rectangular section.
17. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge area has beveled ends.
18. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge area is discontinuous along the front extension of the device offering openings that expose a larger surface of the electrode.
19. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the wedge area comprises a longitudinal extension of at least 50% of the length of the longest side of the electrode in which it is installed, preferably between 50 and 100% of said length.
20. The device according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the extension of the wedge area comprises the entire length of the larger side of the electrode in which it is installed.
21. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it is made entirely of plastic.
22. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the length of each device can grow modularly, incorporating corresponding body sections, preferably alternated between section with inclined walls and rectangular section with parallel walls until reaching a desired length.
23. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a corner section arranged towards the lower end of the device to receive the lower corners of anodes that have angled corners.
24. An electrode optimizing system that prevents the occurrence of short circuits that are produced between anodes and cathodes during electrodeposition processes, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises, at least one optimizing device according to claim 1, installed on the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably on the side of an anode straightening the electrode as well as providing an equidistant separation between adjacent electrodes.
25. The system according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least two optimizing devices with extended wedge areas installed on both sides of an electrode, preferably an anode.
26. The system according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least two optimizing devices with non-extended wedge areas installed on both sides of an electrode, preferably an anode.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0023] As part of the present invention, the following representative figures are presented which show preferred embodiments of the invention and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the definition of the claimed matter.
[0024] FIG. 1 shows a front view of an embodiment of the optimizing system of the invention with two optimizing devices.
[0025] FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show in a plane the frontal, rear and lateral projections, respectively, of the optimizing device of FIG. 1.
[0026] FIGS. 3 and 3a show an isometric view of a central separation section of the optimizing device of FIG. 1 and a sectional view of its cross section, respectively.
[0027] FIG. 4 shows an isometric view of a set of anodes of a cell, which have the optimizing system of the invention installed according to FIG. 1.
[0028] FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a sectional view of how the optimizing device of FIG. 1 acts between anodes and cathodes.
[0029] FIG. 6 shows an isometric view of a central circulation section of the body of the optimizing device of FIG. 1.
[0030] FIG. 7 shows a full isometric view of the optimizing device of FIG. 1.
[0031] FIG. 8 shows an isometric view of an upper separation section of the optimizing device body of FIG. 1.
[0032] FIG. 9 shows an isometric view of the lower separation section of the optimizing device body of FIG. 1.
[0033] FIG. 10 shows a front view of an electrode presenting two optimizing devices of the invention with a first elongated configuration.
[0034] FIG. 11 shows a front view of an electrode presenting two optimizing devices of the invention with a second elongated configuration.
[0035] FIG. 12 shows a full isometric view of an optimizing device with unextended wedge areas.
[0036] FIG. 13 shows an isometric view of an upper separation section of the optimizing device body of FIG. 12.
[0037] FIG. 14 shows an isometric view of a central separation section of the optimizing device of FIG. 12.
[0038] FIG. 15 shows an isometric view of the lower separation section the optimizing device body of FIG. 12.
[0039] FIG. 16 shows a front view of an electrode that has a preferred embodiment of the optimizing system of the invention according to FIG. 12.
[0040] FIG. 17 shows an isometric view of a set of anodes of a cell that have the optimizing system of the invention installed according to FIG. 12.
[0041] FIGS. 18 and 18a show an isometric view of a central separation section of the optimizing device of FIG. 12, and a sectional view of its cross section, respectively.
[0042] FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a sectional view of how the optimizing device of FIG. 12 acts between anodes and cathodes.
[0043] FIG. 20 shows a diagram of an anode with angled lower corners.
[0044] FIG. 21 shows an isometric view of an optimizing device including a corner section.
[0045] FIG. 22 shows a detail of the corner section of the optimizing device of FIG. 21.
[0046] FIG. 23 shows the optimizing device of FIG. 21 installed on the anode of FIG. 20.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0047] For a better explanation of the invention a description of a preferred embodiment will be made in relation to the Figures, wherein:
[0048] FIG. 1 shows a front view of a preferred embodiment of the electrodeposition optimizing system of the invention formed by two optimizing devices (10, 10) installed on each side of an anode plate (A) fixed to it by means of extended wedge areas (11, 11) projecting from the front face of the device. Although in FIG. 1 three extended wedge areas are shown, one towards each end of the device (upper and lower) and one towards the central part of the device, alternative embodiments can present a continuous extended wedge area, that is, where the entire edge of the anode plate is housed. The extended wedge areas allow to maintain a separation between the edge of the anodic plate and the device, increasing the zones of the electrolyte free flow.
[0049] FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show a preferred embodiment of the optimizing device (10) according to FIG. 1, with the extended wedge areas (11), unfolding the front, rear and side projections in one plane, respectively. In FIGS. 2a and 2b it is possible to appreciate in greater detail the lateral profile of the optimizing device (10), presenting sections of different widths that seek to promote the circulation of the electrolyte and, thus, to maximize the electrodeposition on the cathode while maintaining a gap between adjacent electrodes. On the other hand, in FIG. 2c it is possible to appreciate in greater detail the configuration of the side walls of the optimizing device (10), which has large openings (12) in all the sections that form its extension. In addition, the extended dimension of the extended wedge areas (11) can be seen, which project from the front face of the optimizing device (10).
[0050] FIGS. 3 and 3a show an isometric view of the separation section of the optimizing device (10) of FIG. 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, together with a cross-sectional view of said device, both with the extended wedge area (11), respectively. In particular, FIGS. 3 and 3a show a central separation section (10a) of the optimizing device that has inclined walls (13) ensuring a correct separation between adjacent electrodes. In FIG. 3 it can be appreciated that said section of the device, in addition to inclined walls, comprises an extended wedge area (11) and openings (12, 12) for the electrolyte free flow participating as an electrode straightening element. In particular, it is possible to appreciate that the central separation section of the optimizing device shown in FIGS. 3 and 3a comprises a combination of two types of openings, a larger opening (12) and a smaller opening (12). The smaller opening (12) is arranged in the vicinity of the extended wedge area (11) maximizing the electrolyte flow in the vicinity of said wedge area. On the other hand, the inclined walls in addition to promoting the circulation of the electrolyte with the fewest possible interruptions, promote a wider U-shaped cross-sectional configuration at its rear, at least in part of the extension of the optimizing device. Indeed, FIG. 3a shows said configuration of inclined walls which promote the separation between adjacent electrodes.
[0051] FIG. 4 shows an isometric view of a set of anodes of a cell that have the optimizing system of the invention installed according to a preferred embodiment, corresponding to the one shown in FIG. 1.
[0052] FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a sectional view of how the optimizing device (10) acts with respect to the spacing between anodes (A) and cathodes (C) with the extended wedge area (11). In said Figure it is possible to appreciate how the separation sections with inclined walls (13) of the optimizing device (10) configure respective separations between adjacent electrodes.
[0053] FIG. 6 shows an isometric view of a circulation section (10b). According to one embodiment, said circulation section is rectangular with parallel walls with a smaller width cross-section with respect to the separation section, with large openings (12) to maximize the passage of the electrolyte flow. Said circulation section (10b) with large openings (12) is located in the device body immediately adjacent to a separation section of the optimizing device, according to one embodiment thereof, for example, as shown in FIG. 3.
[0054] FIG. 7 shows a full isometric view of the optimizing device (10) with the extended wedge areas (11), according to one embodiment of the optimizing device of the invention. In said FIG. 7, the combination of separation sections (10a) of inclined walls with circulation sections (10b) of parallel walls in the device body can be seen, said sections alternated along its length. In addition, in the Figure it can be seen that the upper and lower separation sections (10a) which are arranged towards the ends of the optimizing device (10) may be different from the central separation section (10a) which is arranged towards the center of such device. However, said sloped sections can also be equivalent.
[0055] FIG. 8 shows an isometric view of the upper separation section (10a) of the device body which has two inclined planes (13) along which the adjacent cathodes slide vertically during the entry/removal operations to/from the electrolytic cell. Said upper separation section (10a) of the device body incorporates anode spacer elements (14) which correspond to the widest portion of the walls or inclined planes (13), fastening elements (15) with an extended matching area (11) and openings (12) for the passage of the electrolyte participating as a straightening element of the electrode.
[0056] FIG. 9 shows an isometric view of the lower separation section (10a) of the device body which has two inclined planes (13) facilitating the entry of the electrodes into the cells, in particular, of the anodes that the installed device has. Said lower separation section (10a) of the device incorporates anode spacer elements (14) which correspond to the widest portion of the walls or the inclined planes (13), fastening elements (15) with an extended matching area (11) and openings (12) for the passage of the electrolyte, participating as a straightening element for the electrode.
[0057] As can be seen by reviewing FIG. 7 in contrast to the device sections depicted in FIGS. 3, 6, 8 and 9, presented on the sheet next to FIG. 7 for ease of comparison, the body of the optimizing device of the invention is formed by different body sections, an upper separation section as shown in FIG. 8, a lower separating section as shown in FIG. 9, a central separating section as shown in FIG. 3, and two central circulation sections as shown in FIG. 6. According to the embodiment, the upper, central, and lower separation sections have sloped walls, extended wedge areas, and openings for electrolyte flow. According to the embodiment, the central circulation sections have parallel walls and large openings for the flow of electrolyte.
[0058] FIG. 10 shows a front view of an anode (A) presenting two optimizing devices of the invention (10, 10) with an elongated configuration. Compared to the extension of the device shown in FIG. 1, the device of FIG. 10 has an elongated extension in a fraction of the body, said fraction composed of the body sections depicted in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6. This example shows that the construction of the device is easily adaptable to different lengths, implementing its extension by adding corresponding sections of the body.
[0059] In this context, the addition of the body sections is done at the level of a manufacturing mold or by means of some suitable shaping process considering that the preferred material of the optimizing device is plastic.
[0060] FIG. 11 shows a front view of the elongated device in more fractions of the body composed of the sections shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6. Through this configuration it is possible to achieve a length of device that covers 100% of the extension of the anode lateral edge (A). FIG. 11 exemplifies the advantage of the device with respect to its construction being possible to alternate body sections, in particular, circulation sections and central separation sections to obtain device configurations of different extension.
[0061] FIG. 12 shows a full isometric view of an optimizing device (10) with non-extended wedge areas (11a), that is, wherein the edge of the anodic plate is arranged practically in contact with or very close to the front face of the optimizing device (10).
[0062] Similar to FIG. 8, FIG. 13 shows an isometric view of the upper separation section of the device body that has two inclined planes along which the cathode slides vertically during the entry/removal operations to/from the electrolytic cell. Said upper separation section of the device body incorporates anode spacer elements, fastening elements with a non-extended wedge area (11a) and openings for the passage of the electrolyte, participating as an electrode straightening element. Similar to FIG. 3, in FIG. 14 a central separation section of the device can be seen which, in addition to inclined walls, also comprises a non-extended wedge area and openings for the free flow of electrolyte, participating as an element electrode straightener. In the same way, FIG. 15 shows an isometric view of the lower separation section of the device body that has inclined planes, which facilitate the entry of the electrodes into the cells, in particular, of the anodes that the installed device has. Said lower separation section of the device incorporates anode spacer elements, fastening elements with a non-extended wedge area (11a) and openings for the passage of the electrolyte, participating as an electrode straightening element.
[0063] As can be seen by reviewing FIG. 12 in contrast to the device sections depicted in FIGS. 13, 6, 14 and 15, presented on the sheet next to FIG. 12 for ease of comparison, the body of the optimizing device of the invention is formed by different body sections, an upper separation section as shown in FIG. 13, a lower separating section as shown in FIG. 15, a central separating section as shown in FIG. 14, and two central circulation sections as shown in FIG. 6. According to the embodiment, the upper, central and lower separation sections have sloped walls, non-extension wedge areas and openings for electrolyte flow. According to the embodiment, the central circulation sections have parallel walls and large openings for the flow of electrolyte.
[0064] FIG. 16 shows a front view of an anode (A) that has a preferred embodiment of the electrodeposition optimizing system of the invention with the non-extended wedge area (11a, 11a). In this context, FIG. 17 shows an isometric view of a set of anodes of a cell that have the preferred optimizing system of the invention installed according to one embodiment with a non-extended wedge area (11a, 11a) corresponding to FIG. 16.
[0065] Similarly to FIGS. 3 and 3a, FIGS. 18 and 18a show an isometric view of the separation section (10a) of the optimizing device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, together with a sectional view of the cross section of said device, both with the non-extended wedge area (11a), respectively. On the other hand, FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a sectional view of how the optimizing device acts with respect to the distance between anodes and cathodes with the non-extended wedge area.
[0066] Finally, the present invention comprises an additional embodiment in which, in order to ensure the rigidity of the anodic plate, it comprises an additional section called the corner section. As shown in FIG. 20, in some Electrowinning Plants the anodic plates (A) are not always straight in their lower corners, and due to the design of the cell and the processes, it is preferred that the corners of the anodic plates end at an angle, preferably 45, as shown in FIG. 20. After a period of operation the anodic plates are subject to very intense wear due to corrosion especially in the corners which prematurely thin them with respect to the body which is reflected in anodes with crooked anodic plates in their corners being the main focus of short circuits that bring with them malformed deposits or protuberances in the corners of the cathodes to be harvested.
[0067] In order to avoid this, the optimizing device (10) may comprise in its lower part a corner section (16) with an angular shape, as shown in FIG. 21, so as to protect the anode plate at the corners. Said corner section may also comprise a wedge area (17) in the form of a U-shaped channel closely receiving the anode at its lower edge. The walls of the wedge area (17) in the form of a channel, in its upper part, have a sliding angle that prevents the accumulation of sludge detached from the electrode due to corrosion. In FIG. 22 the corner section (16) with the wedge area (17) can be seen in greater detail and in FIG. 23 two optimizing devices (10, 10) with corner sections (16, 16) installed on an anode (A) can be seen.
[0068] In this way, any approach between anodes and cathodes is avoided eliminating short circuits, consequently, cathodes of excellent physical and chemical quality are obtained. Another benefit is that the anodes would extend their useful life, since they are currently being discharged because the corners become thinner, lose thickness prematurely and generate problems in advance, so with this device the useful life of the anode would be maximized.
