A FLOW CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD

Abstract

It is provided a fluid flow control device for establishing a controllable fluid communication between an external fluid reservoir and a base pipe constituting part of a production string, as well as a production string and a method using such a fluid flow control device. The fluid flow control device comprises a primary flow path arranged inside a fluid control device housing, a secondary flow path and a movable valve element arranged at and/or within the primary flow path. The inlet of the secondary flow path is arranged separate from the inlet of the primary flow path.

Claims

1. A fluid flow control device for opening or closing a fluid communication of a fluid flow between an external fluid reservoir and a base pipe of a production string, comprising: a valve element housing comprising a primary fluid flow path, the primary fluid flow path having a primary fluid flow path inlet configured to guide a primary fluid flow into the valve element housing from the external fluid reservoir and a primary fluid flow path outlet configured to guide the primary fluid flow into the base pipe, with a valve element arranged in the valve element housing, the valve element movable from a first, relatively open position where the primary fluid flow path is relatively open and a second, relatively closed position where the primary fluid flow path is relatively closed, wherein the valve element is movable in response to a pressure established in a chamber, the chamber in fluid communication with a secondary fluid flow path, the secondary fluid flow path having a secondary fluid flow path inlet for guiding a secondary fluid flow into the chamber and a secondary fluid flow path outlet for guiding the secondary fluid flow out of the chamber and into the base pipe, the second fluid flow being in fluid communication with the first fluid flow, and wherein the secondary fluid flow path comprises at least one flow restrictor, and wherein the secondary flow path comprises a coiled tubing adapted to arranged about the circumference of the base pipe, and an actuator for opening and closing, or partly opening or closing, the valve element, the actuator being responsive to the pressure in the chamber.

2. The fluid flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary flow path comprises at least two flow restrictors, at least one upstream of the chamber and at least one downstream of the chamber.

3. The fluid flow control device according to claim 2, wherein the chamber is located within the valve element housing.

4. The fluid flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the chamber is dependent upon the viscosity of the fluid flowing through the secondary fluid flow path, and wherein the flow restrictors are configured such that the pressure in the chamber is relatively lower for a fluid of relatively high viscosity and the pressure in the chamber is relatively higher for a fluid of relatively low viscosity.

5. The fluid flow control device according to claim 4, wherein the fluid of relatively high viscosity is oil, and the fluid of relatively low viscosity is water or gas.

6. The fluid flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the actuator is configured to communicate the pressure from the chamber to the valve element.

7. The fluid flow control device according to claim 6, when dependent upon claim 3, wherein the chamber is located in the valve element housing beneath the valve element.

8. The fluid flow control device according to claim 7, wherein the actuator comprises directly exposing the valve element to pressure from the chamber.

9. The fluid flow control device according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the flow restrictors are arranged to cause a pressure drop based on different fluid flow properties of the fluid flowing through the secondary fluid flow path.

10. A fluid flow control device for establishing a controllable fluid communication of a fluid flow between an external fluid reservoir and a base pipe of a production string, the fluid flow control device comprising: a primary flow path inside a fluid control device housing, wherein the primary flow path comprises (i) a primary flow path inlet adapted to guide a primary fluid flow axially into the fluid control device housing from the external fluid reservoir during operation, wherein an axial direction and a radial direction are defined as respective perpendicular and parallel directions to a longitudinal direction of the base pipe and (ii) a primary flow path outlet adapted to guide the primary fluid flow into the base pipe during operation; a secondary flow path comprising (i) a first fluid flow restrictor adapted to generate a pressure decrease from a first pressure upstream of the first fluid flow restrictor to a second pressure downstream of the first fluid flow restrictor, (ii) a second fluid flow restrictor downstream of the first fluid flow restrictor and adapted to generate a pressure decrease from the second pressure upstream of the second fluid flow restrictor to a third pressure downstream of the second fluid flow restrictor, (iii) and a chamber downstream of the first fluid flow restrictor and upstream of the second fluid flow restrictor; and a movable valve element inside the fluid control device housing and adapted to close the primary flow path for fluid flow when subjected to a pressure force from within the chamber exceeding a threshold pressure force; and wherein the secondary flow path inlet comprises a coiled tubing arranged about the circumference of the base pipe, the coiled tubing adapted to guide a secondary fluid flow from the fluid reservoir into the chamber, the fluid flow being divided into the primary fluid flow entering the fluid control device housing via the first fluid path and the secondary fluid flow entering the chamber via the secondary fluid path, and an actuator for translating pressure from the chamber to a force that operates the valve element.

11. A pressure controller for use with a flow control device which controls fluid flow into a tubular, the pressure controller comprising: a chamber, an inlet to the chamber configured to receive a fluid, the inlet being in fluid communication with a coiled tubing adapted to be arranged about the circumference of the tubular; a first outlet, the first outlet configured to be in fluid communication with the interior of the tubular; a flow path defined between the inlet and the first outlet, the flow path comprising a flow restriction; wherein the chamber is in pressure communication with a valve element of the flow control device.

12. A flow control device, comprising: a body locatable within a wall of a tubular and defining a primary inlet and a primary outlet, wherein a primary flow path is defined between the primary inlet and primary outlet; a valve member disposed within the body, the valve member being movable in reverse first and second directions to selectively vary a flow area of the primary flow path: and, a pilot pressure chamber having a pilot fluid inlet for receiving a pilot fluid and establishing a pilot pressure in the chamber, the pilot fluid inlet being connected to a coiled tubing arranged about the tubular; the valve member being in pressure communication with the pilot pressure chamber such that the pilot pressure may act to bias the valve member in one of the first and second directions, wherein the pilot pressure is provided as a function of fluid flowing through the primary flow path.

13. The flow control device according to claim 12, wherein the flow rate through the flow control device is varied based upon one or more properties of a fluid flowing along the primary flow path.

14. The flow control device according to claim 12, wherein the position of the valve member and the size of the flow area is determined by a pressure differential between at least the inlet of the primary flow path and within the pilot pressure chamber.

15. The flow control device according to claim 12, wherein the coiled tubing comprises a secondary flow path in fluid communication with the primary flow path.

16. The flow control device according to claim 15, wherein a fluid source provides fluid to both the primary and secondary flow paths, wherein the fluid source is the same for both the primary and secondary flow paths.

17. The flow control device according to claim 12, wherein the valve member and the pilot pressure chamber are located within a same housing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] These and other characteristics of the invention will be clear from the following description of embodiments, given as non-restrictive examples, with reference to the attached sectional sketches and drawings wherein:

[0069] FIG. 1 shows the principle behind the invention;

[0070] FIG. 2 shows the correlation between change in pressure inside the chamber (i.e. between fluid flow restrictors), and the change in fluid viscosity;

[0071] FIGS. 3A and B show schematically two different embodiments of the invention, where FIG. 3A has a single fluid flow output and FIG. 3 B has two fluid flow outputs;

[0072] FIGS. 4A and B show a flow control device in accordance with the invention, installed in a production string, where FIG. 4A illustrates the interplay between the production string and the flow control device and FIG. 4 B illustrates the installed flow control device in greater details;

[0073] FIG. 5 shows a flow control device in accordance with the invention, illustrating the length of the coiled pipe acting as a fluid flow restrictor relative to the size of the housing of the flow control device;

[0074] FIG. 6 shows in greater detail the housing of the flow control device of FIG. 5;

[0075] FIG. 7 shows a flow control device of the invention in an exploded view;

[0076] FIGS. 8A and B show a cut-out section of the flow control device of the invention in two different perspective views;

[0077] FIG. 9 shows a flow control device of the invention in a tilted arrangement within a base pipe relative to a low viscosityhigh viscosity fluid interface within a reservoir;

[0078] FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of a flow control device having a multi inlet channel arranged within a secondary flow path; and

[0079] FIGS. 11A-C shows results of measurements indicative of the efficiency of the closing and opening properties during flow of high viscosity fluids such as oil and low viscosity fluids such as gas and/or water, where FIG. 11A shows a cross sectional view of the fluid control device with prevailing forces and pressures during operation, FIG. 11 B shows a plot of the net closing and opening forces as a function of pressure difference across the piston of the flow control device and FIG. 11 C shows a plot of the ratio between the pressure difference across the first fluid flow restrictor and across the second fluid flow restrictor within the secondary flow path.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0080] FIG. 1 illustrates how a fluid F,f flows through a fluid flow inlet 1 into a conduit 2 at a first pressure p.sub.1, further through a first fluid flow restrictor 3 and into a chamber B where it attains a second pressure p.sub.2, and then flows through a second fluid flow restrictor 4 before it exits the conduit 2 through a fluid flow outlet 5 at a third pressure p.sub.3. When the fluid flow rate and fluid properties (e.g. viscosity, density) are kept constant, the pressures (p.sub.1, p.sub.2, p.sub.3) are also constant, and p.sub.1, >p.sub.2, >p.sub.3.

[0081] In FIG. 1, the first fluid flow restrictor 3 is a coiled pipe and the second fluid flow restrictor 4 is an orifice. The coiled pipe may have any cross-sectional shape such as circular shape, rectangular shape, triangular shape, etc.

[0082] In general, the pressure loss due to viscous effect in a cylindrical pipe of length L and uniform diameter D is proportional to length L and can be characterized by the Darcy-Weisbach equation expressed as:

[00002]$\begin{array}{cc}P\frac{f_D.Math..Math.{.Math.v.Math.}^2}{2}.Math.\frac{L}{D_L}& \left(\mathrm{Equation}1\right)\end{array}$

where: =the density of the fluid flow rate (kg/m.sup.3) [0083] D.sub.L=the hydraulic diameter of the pipe (for a pipe of circular section, this equals the internal diameter of the pipe (m)); [0084] <>=the mean flow velocity, experimentally measured as the volumetric flow rate Q per unit cross-sectional wetted area (m/s); [0085] f.sub.D=the Darcy friction factor (also called flow coefficient 2); [0086] L=the length of the cylindrical pipe (m).

[0087] Hence, according to the Darcy-Weisbach equation (Equation 1) a large ratio L/D corresponds to a large pressure drop P (from p.sub.1 to p.sub.2 in FIG. 1A) when a fluid F,f is flowing through the conduit 2.

[0088] In the laminar regime, Equation 1 may be rewritten as

[00003]$\begin{array}{cc}P=\frac{128.Math.Q}{}.Math..Math.\frac{L}{D^4}& \left(\mathrm{Equation}2\right)\end{array}$

[0089] Thus, under laminar flow conditions or near laminar flow conditions, the change in pressure (P) across the coiled pipe is seen to be proportional to the fluid viscosity (), as well as the ratio L/D.sup.4.

[0090] Laminar flow is achieved with a Reynolds number (RE) being less than 4000. Since RE=<>.Math.D.Math./ for flow of fluid in a pipe of diameter D, such laminar flow may be ensured by adjusting e.g. the diameter D and/or the flow velocity <>. From equation 2 it is clear that if P is constant, Q (volumetric flow rate) would decrease with increasing pipe length (L), and as a result also a decrease in velocity <>. A coiled pipe with a sufficient pipe length (L) would therefore have formed a laminar flow or near laminar flow.

[0091] The flow characteristics in a fluid flowing through an orifice may be expressed as:

[00004]$\begin{array}{cc}P=K_{\mathrm{orifice}}\frac{.Math.v^2}{2}& \left(\mathrm{Equation}3\right)\end{array}$

where: P=differential fluid pressure across the orifice (typical unit: Pa) [0092] K.sub.orifice=orifice-specific coefficient (dimensionless) [0093] =fluid density (unit of mass per unit of volume) [0094] =fluid velocity (units of length per unit time)

[0095] Thus, when flowing through the orifice 4, the fluid experiences a pressure drop (P) (from p.sub.2 to p.sub.3) described by equation 3. The change in fluid pressure across the orifice 4 is almost independent of viscosity, but proportional to the density and the orifice coefficient, as well as to the fluid velocity squared.

[0096] Therefore, with reference to FIG. 1, the fluid pressure p.sub.2 in the chamber B, i.e. between the coiled pipe 3 and the orifice 4, will change if the properties (viscosity or density) of the fluid changes. This is illustrated graphically in FIG. 2. A first (low) value for p.sub.2 is formed with a flow of fluid having a high fluid viscosity (.sub.high) and a second (high) value for p.sub.2 is formed with a flow of fluid having a low fluid viscosity (.sub.low). The difference between the values for p.sub.2 (P.sub.2) occurring when the fluid properties changes (e.g. a decrease in viscosity) may be used to perform work, for example actuate an actuator 6, which in turn may move a piston 9 acting as a valve element 9, possibly via hydraulic and/or electrical and/or mechanical transmission means 10 (see FIG. 3).

[0097] In general, the present invention utilizes the change in pressure (P.sub.2) that occurs between two different flow restrictors when subjected to fluids of different properties, e.g. oil and water. These properties may for example be viscosity, density or both.

[0098] FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematics illustrating two embodiments of the principle described above. FIG. 3A illustrates a first embodiment of the inventive flow control device 100 in its basic form (i.e. where seals, gaskets and other required or recommended ancillary parts known in the art are omitted). A fluid flow (F) enters a fluid control device housing 8 via two fluid paths 2,7; a primary flow path (primary conduit) 2 having a primary flow path inlet 1 and a secondary flow path (secondary conduit) 7 having a secondary flow path inlet 11. The major portion (F.sub.0) of the fluid flow (F), hereinafter referred to as the primary fluid flow, flows through the primary conduit 2 and an initially open valve element 9. A smaller portion (f) of the fluid flow (F), for example 5% of the primary fluid flow (F.sub.0), also referred to as the secondary fluid flow (f), flows through the secondary conduit 7 which includes a first fluid flow restrictor 3 in the form of a coiled, thin tube of length L and diameter D and a second fluid flow restrictor 4 in the form of an orifice, before it enters the primary conduit 2 and exits out of this conduit 2 via a fluid flow outlet 5.

[0099] When the viscosity () of the fluid flow (F) changes, the second pressure p.sub.2 in a chamber B located in the secondary conduit 7 between the two fluid restrictors 3,4 also changes. For example, if a flow of oil is replaced by water or gas, the viscosity decreases and the second pressure p.sub.2 increases as explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0100] FIG. 3A furthermore shows (schematically) an actuator 6 arranged within, or coupled to, the chamber B. The actuator 6 is connected via transmission means 10 (e.g. via a hydraulic linkage, a mechanical linkage and/or a signal cable) to the piston/valve element 9. The actuator 10 can be of any form that enable actuation of the piston/valve element 9, e.g. the surface of a valve piston being exposed to the force generated by the induced pressure P.sub.2 such as the surface facing the chamber B.

[0101] When the fluid viscosity () changes as described above, the difference in values for p.sub.2 (P.sub.2, see FIG. 1) imparts an actuating force on the actuator 6, which in turn operates (e.g. closes) the piston/valve element 9. Thus, the conduits 2,7 and the fluid flow restrictors 3,4 may be configured and dimensioned such that (when breakthrough is to be prevented) the piston/valve element 9 automatically closes when the viscosity () of the fluid (F) drops below a predetermined level. As an example, in an oilfield application, this device 100 prevents unwanted water and/or gas inflow into a production string 101 (see FIG. 4).

[0102] FIG. 3B shows schematically a second embodiment of the invented flow control device 100. The second embodiment is identical to the first embodiment with the exception that the secondary flow path 7 is not in fluid communication with the primary flow path 2. Instead, both enters and exits the housing 8 via separate flow paths. The primary fluid flow (F.sub.0) enters the primary flow path 2 from inlet 1 and exits through primary flow path outlet 5, while the secondary fluid flow (f) enters the secondary flow path 7 from inlet 11 and exits through a separate secondary flow path outlet 12. The operational principle is however the same as for the first embodiment, i.e. to create a pressure difference P.sub.2 between two fluid flow restrictors 3,4 arranged at least partly within the secondary flow path 7 and to use the force created by this induced pressure difference to close the primary fluid flow F.sub.0 flowing through the primary flow path 2 by the aid of a piston/valve element 9.

[0103] FIGS. 4A and 4B show cross sectional drawings of a complete flow control device 100 in accordance with the invention. FIG. 4A shows the flow control device 100 mounted into a production string 101 and FIG. 4B shows in further detail the area of the production string 101 framed into a dashed rectangle (detail A).

[0104] In addition to the flow control device 100, the production string 101 further comprises a base pipe 102 into which the flow control device 100 is installed, a sand screen 103 surrounding the base pipe 102 in order to prevent large solid particles such as grains of sand or debris to enter the base pipe 102, an outer sleeve 110 fixing one axial end of the sand screen 103 to the base pipe 102, a first inner sleeve 104 configured to fix both the other axial end of the sand screen 103 onto the base pipe 102 and to establish an inner sleeve fluid channel 105 from a sand screen fluid channel 106 oriented through or below the sand screen 103 and to the fluid path inputs 1,11 of the flow control device 100.

[0105] The production string 101 further comprises a second inner sleeve 107 arranged on the base pipe 102 at the opposite radial side of the flow control device 100 relative to the first inner sleeve 104 and an end cap 108 sealing, or near sealing, the installed flow control device 100 from the exterior of the production string 101, thereby creating a closed input chamber 109 set up by the first and second inner sleeves 104,107, the end cap 108 and the base pipe 102.

[0106] In operation, fluid (F) is flowing through the sand screen 103 into the sand screen fluid channel 106, further along the inner sleeve fluid channel 105, into the closed input chamber 109 via an inner sleeve opening 111 and finally through the flow control device 100 into the base pipe 102.

[0107] As is apparent from FIG. 4, the space available for the flow control device 100 in a typical production string 101 is small. It is considered advantageous that the housing 8 of the flow control device 100 has an axial thickness (i.e. the thickness perpendicular to the axial/longitudinal direction of the base pipe 102 when installed) that is as small as technically feasible in order to avoid or minimize protrusion from the external walls of the base pipe 102 and/or into the interior of the base pipe 102.

[0108] Protrusion into the base pipe 102 should in particular be avoided since this could interfere with measurements and/or maintenance and/or repair work within the base pipe 102 that may be required/recommended throughout the operational life time of the production string 101. Such operations often involve insertions of various equipment into the base pipe 102.

[0109] As explained above, to ensure a large pressure difference across the first fluid flow restrictor 3 the ratio L/D.sup.4 should be large. Further, laminar flow may be obtained by generating a flow having a Reynold number less than 4000, preferably less than 2500. This can be achieved by making the length (L) of the pipe constituting the first fluid flow restrictor 3 large enough.

[0110] FIG. 5 shows a configuration where the flow control device 100 comprises a coiled pipe acting as a laminar flow generating first fluid flow restrictor 3 arranged within the secondary conduit 7. To ensure laminar flow of the secondary fluid flow (f) flowing through the secondary conduit 7 (f.sub.lam), and with large pressure difference (p.sub.1p.sub.2), the coiled pipe 3 is made significantly longer than the axial thickness (t.sub.AICD) of the flow control device housing 8.

[0111] The first fluid flow restrictor 3 may be divided into an interior part 3b located inside the housing 8, an exterior straight part 3c located outside the housing 8 and in fluid communication with the interior part 3b and an exterior coiled part 3d located outside the housing 8 and in fluid communication with the exterior straight part 3c. The exterior coiled part 3d is preferably coiled around the base pipe 102 a multiple time to minimize the required spatial use in direction radially to the base pipe 102 (i.e. perpendicular to its longitudinal direction), thereby minimizing the size interference of the inventive flow control device 100 with existing production lines 101. At the same time, desired large pressure differences and laminar flow may be achieved.

[0112] The ratio between the length of the pipe (L) and the axial thickness (t.sub.AICD) of the flow control device housing 8 is preferably higher than 50, more preferably higher than 100, even more preferably higher than 200, even more preferably higher than 300. In a typical installation, the length of the pipe is 5 meters and the axial thickness is 14 millimeters.

[0113] FIG. 6 shows a section of the flow control device 100 which includes only the parts situated within or near the flow control device housing 8. The housing 8, which in operation is arranged within the wall of the base pipe 102 as exemplified in FIG. 4, displays inlets 1,11 in fluid communication with the closed chamber 109 and outlets 5,12 in fluid communication with the inside of the base pipe 102 of the production string 101.

[0114] A valve element 9 in the form of an axially movable piston/disc 9 is arranged inside the housing 8. The valve element 9 is in FIG. 6 placed within a teethed primary fluid flow bushing 18, the latter providing lateral support to the piston 9 (see FIG. 7) while allowing axial piston movements. Lateral support signifies no or little movements of the piston 9 in the radial direction, i.e. parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base pipe 102 at the installation point.

[0115] Furthermore, the surface of the piston/valve element/movable disc 9 facing away from the inlets 1,11 is in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 contacting a resilient member 10 fixed at its outer circumference to the adjacent inside wall(s) of the housing 8. The resilient member 10 transmits induced pressure force to the piston 9 and ensures that the flow control device 100 is in an initial predetermined position prior to any flow (F), for example in a fully open position or a fully closed position. The resilient member 10, for example a diaphragm, may be a semi-flexible material such as an elastomer.

[0116] With particular reference to FIG. 7, and in conjunction with FIG. 6, the teeth 18a arranged at the outer circumference of the primary fluid flow bushing 18 are seen to act both as axial spacers between a secondary fluid flow bushing 19/the resilient member 10 and the inside wall of the housing 8, and as channel openings 18b to allow the primary fluid flow (F.sub.0) to flow radially through the openings 18b between the teeth 18a.

[0117] As best seen in FIG. 7, the piston 9 comprises a lower disc 9a contacting the resilient member and an upper disc 9b centrally arranged on the lower disc 9a. The outer radial diameter of the lower disc 9a is equal to, or near equal to, the inner diameter of the teethed primary fluid flow bushing 18, The upper disc 9b is arranged centrally on the lower disc 9a and has a radial diameter which is less than the radial diameter of the lower disc 9a, for example equal or slightly larger than the smallest inner diameter of the primary flow path inlet 1 and/or equal or less than half the diameter of the lower disc 9a.

[0118] An example of a slightly larger diameter of the upper part of the piston 9 may be a diameter less than 10% larger than the smallest inner diameter of the primary flow path inlet 1.

[0119] Again, with reference to FIG. 6, the secondary flow path inlet 11 (guiding the secondary flow (f) into the secondary conduit 7) and the primary flow path inlet 1 (guiding primary fluid flow (F.sub.0) into the primary conduit 2) are shown physically separated. This particular configuration of the two inlets 1,11 are considered space efficient since the axial thickness (t.sub.AICD) of the housing 8 does not need to accommodate also the inlet diameter of the secondary flow path inlet 11.

[0120] The primary flow path inlet 1 is in FIG. 6 shown as a separate inlet bushing 16 creating a funnel shaped inlet opening with smoothed inner wall(s) ensuring a minimum of turbulence during operation. Again, a smoothed inner wall signifies a wall void of sharp edges and/or pointed protrusions.

[0121] To avoid plugging of the secondary conduit 7, a ring-shaped filter 14 comprising a fine-masked mesh covers the secondary flow path inlet 11, thereby hindering any particles having a diameter larger than the mesh size to enter the secondary conduit 7. The mesh size should be significantly smaller than the smallest cross sectional areal of the secondary conduit 7. Note that fine-masked mesh may be any object allowing filtering of particles, for example a mesh composed of wires, a perforated plate, or a combination thereof.

[0122] With reference to FIGS. 4-8, the interior part 3b of the first fluid flow restrictor 3 is set up by the secondary fluid flow bushing 19 having an inner center opening for the primary fluid flow (F.sub.0). The secondary fluid flow bushing 19 comprises one or more first locking edges 19a running along the circumference of the inner center opening, and a second locking edge 19b or a plurality of locking teeth 19b running along the outer circumference of the secondary fluid flow bushing 19 creating at least one bushing opening 19c through which the secondary flow (f) may flow after having entered the secondary flow path input 11.

[0123] In this exemplary configuration, the radially arranged outer second locking edge or locking teeth 19b is/are inserted into dedicated recesses in the housing 8 and subsequently rotated such that the edge/teeth 19b are guided into tracks and locks the bushing 19, thereby preventing any axial displacements.

[0124] Further, to assure that the bushing 19 is not attaining any undesired rotational position during and/or after positioning, the aforementioned filter 14 has in this configuration an additional purpose aside from filtering out solid particles from the secondary flow. As is most apparent from FIGS. 7 and 8, the filter 14 comprises one or more outer protrusions 14a protruding radially outward from the outer circumference of the filter 14 and one or more inner protrusions 14b protruding radially inward from the inner circumference of the filter 14.

[0125] By fitting the inner protrusion(s) 14b within the inner locking edge(s) 19a of bushing 19, a rotational locking effect is achieved. Further, the outer protrusion(s) 14a may be inserted into the above mentioned recess(es), thereby fixing the filter 14 to the housing 8.

[0126] The fluid flow control device 100 may also comprise a bushing seal 26, for example an O-ring, sealingly arranged between the bushing 19 and the inlet bushing 16 (see FIG. 8A), thereby preventing any undesired leakage between the primary flow path 2 and the secondary flow path 8 during operation.

[0127] The secondary fluid flow bushing 19 is sealed from the housing 8 by an O-ring 15 running along the outer circumference of the secondary fluid flow bushing 19, beneath, or partly beneath, the locking edge 19b or plurality of locking teeth 19b.

[0128] The bushing opening 19c, or at least one of the plurality of bushing openings 19c, is aligned with the outlet channel(s) constituting the interior part 3b of the first fluid flow restrictor 3. Hence, the secondary fluid flow (f) passes through one or more of the aligned bushing openings 19c, and further into the interior part 3b. The secondary flow (f) subsequently flows into the exterior straight part 3c situated outside the housing 8, through the exterior coiled part 3d, and back into the housing 8 via one or more return channels 21 within the housing 8. The return channel 21 guides the secondary fluid flow (f.sub.lam) via the chamber B situated beneath the piston 9 and the resilient member 10, through a second fluid flow restrictor 4 in form of an orifice and out through the secondary flow path outlet 12. The orifice 4 is arranged in an outlet bushing 17 being fixed in fluid communication with the secondary flow path outlet 12. The orifice 4 may be adjustable, thereby enabling adjustment of the degree of turbulence of the secondary fluid flow (f.sub.tur).

[0129] In order to fix the flow control device 100 onto the base pipe 102, the housing 8 displays a plurality of through-going apertures 23 configured receive fixing means such as threaded screws or bolts (not shown).

[0130] In use, a fluid flow F (e.g. oil from a subterranean reservoir) is divided into a primary fluid flow F.sub.0 entering the housing 8 through the primary flow path inlet 1 and a minor secondary fluid flow f entering the housing 8 through the secondary flow path inlet 11. Inside the housing 8, the primary fluid flow F.sub.0 follows the primary conduit 2 before it exits the housing 8 through the primary flow path outlet(s) 5 and into the base pipe 102.

[0131] The remaining portion of the fluid flow F, the secondary fluid flow f, flows through the secondary conduit 7, i.e. through the filter 14, the secondary fluid flow bushing 19, the coiled pipe 3, the return channel 21, the chamber B, the orifice 4 and finally into the base pipe 102 via the secondary flow path outlet(s) 12. If water and/or gas enters the flow F, causing the overall viscosity to drop, the resulting difference in values for p.sub.2 (P.sub.2, see FIG. 2) is serving to exert a pressure force against an actuating surface 6 of the piston 9 and the diaphragm 10 facing away from the inlets 1,11 (see thick line in FIG. 6). This change in pressure acting on the actuating surface 6 generates a motive force which serves to force the upper part 9b of the piston 9 towards the primary flow path inlet 1, thus preventing further primary fluid flow F.sub.0 from entering the housing 8. The diaphragm 10 insures a prevailing resilient force or biasing force on the piston 9 which is directed away from the primary flow path inlet 1. As a result, the piston 9 remains in an open position relative to the primary flow path inlet 1 when the primary fluid flow F.sub.0 is absent or small enough not to counteract the resilient force.

[0132] FIGS. 9-10 illustrate a particular configuration with the aim to achieve effective and swift closing/opening of the flow control valve 100 in case of penetration of multiphase fluid such as during transition from high viscosity fluid (e.g. oil) 122 to low viscosity fluid (e.g. gas or water) 120. In FIG. 9, a production string 101 is shown within a formation 123, for example the formation of a seabed. A fluid reservoir including e.g. gas 120 and oil 122 is located between the surrounding formation 123 and the external of the production string 101. The low viscosityhigh viscosity fluid interface 121 such as the gas-oil interface is indicated in FIG. 9 as a horizontal line. Further, the production string 101 comprises a base pipe 102 and a flow control valve 100 establishing a closable opening between the reservoir and the inside of the base pipe 102. The flow control device 100 is in FIG. 9 shown in a tilted position relative to the fluid interface 121, and in a position on the base pipe 102 that corresponds to a height being in level with the fluid interface 121. In this particular configuration, the fluid interface 121 is approximately located in the middle of the primary flow path inlet 1. The position of each fluid control device 100 in a base pipe 102 is random.

[0133] With particular reference to FIG. 10, in order to ensure an effective and swift closing/opening the compartment forming part of the secondary flow path 7, and set up by the secondary fluid flow bushing 19 and the inlet filter 14, contains an interior multi inlet channel 3a having at least two inlets 25 being diagonal, or near diagonal two each other relative to the fluid flow inlet 1. With the tilted arrangement shown in FIG. 9, and the interior part 3b of the coiled pipe 3 directed perpendicular to the paper of FIG. 9, the flow control device 100 would, as a result of the mutually diagonal arrangement of the two spaced apart inlets 25, be producing primarily low viscosity fluid such as gas or water 120 into the upper inlet 25. The reason is that the resistance (friction) is lower than the high viscosity fluid such as oil 122. Hence, the flow velocity of the low viscosity fluid is higher, causing a more rapid closure of the flow control device 100 in case of multi-phase flow.

[0134] Note that for all the above embodiments the invention is not limited to specific material or a specific geometry. In fact, any choice of material and/or geometry is possible as long as one of the restrictors creates a mainly laminar flow and the other restrictor creates a mainly turbulent flow during operation. Also, even if directional words such as beneath, radial and axial are used with reference to the drawings, in should be understood that these words are used only for clarity and should not be interpreted as limiting the directional position of the inventive control device.

[0135] All of the embodiments of the inventive flow control device described above are autonomous in the sense that they move (to close or open a fluid inlet) based on a changing property (e.g. viscosity ) of the fluid F. The coiled pipe 3, the orifice 4, the internal dimensions of the housing 8 and the internally arranged bushings 18,19 may be designed to suit various applications.

[0136] As an example of measurement results using the inventive flow control device 100, reference is made to FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C.

[0137] FIG. 11A is a principal drawing of the inventive autonomous flow control device 100 configured for stopping low viscosity fluids such as gas and water from entering the desired flow phase of high viscosity fluids such as oil, and where the various forces F.sub.1, F.sub.2, F.sub.3, set up by the fluid flows are indicated, together with the corresponding pressures P.sub.1, P.sub.2, P.sub.3 and cross-sectional areas A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3.

[0138] FIG. 11B shows the measured net force F.sub.1-3 acting on the movable piston 9 (vertical axis) as a function of pressure drop (p.sub.3p.sub.1) across the flow control device 100 (horizontal axis). The values of the net force and the pressure drop is given in Newtons and bars, respectively.

[0139] The net force represents the sum of the forces F.sub.1-3 on the piston 9 that opens the flow control device 100 when F.sub.1-3 is positive and closes the flow control device 100 when F.sub.1-3 is negative. FIG. 11B shows that, while the fluid control device 100 is open when subjected to oil (high viscosity fluid), it closes almost instantaneously when subjected to gas and water (low viscosity fluid).

[0140] F.sub.1-3 is based on the measurements of the pressure drop (p.sub.3p.sub.1) in the laminar flow element 3 and the turbulent flow element 4 respectively, both arranged within the secondary flow path 7. FIG. 11C shows the laminar and turbulent pressure drop ratio P.sub.laminar/P.sub.turbulent for a given fluid (vertical axis) as a function of the pressure drops given in FIG. 11B (horizontal axis). Based on F.sub.1-3 it can be calculated that the flow control device 100 opens when:

P.sub.1.Math.A.sub.1+P.sub.3.Math.A.sub.3P.sub.2.Math.A.sub.2>0

[0141] These measurement examples are intended to illustrate the function of the inventive flow control device 100. It should be understood that the fluid flow restrictors 3,4 may be arranged and configured differently. For example, the fluid flow restrictors 3,4 may be reversed in the flow path if the device is intended to be used in a gas reservoir and it is desirable to prevent higher viscosity fluid such as water from entering the production.

[0142] It should also be understood that the inventive flow control device 100 may be arranged and configured to control and prevent the inflow of other fluids, such as CO.sub.2 (which has been injected into the reservoir) and steam (injected in connection with e.g. so-called Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) of heavy oil), and water in gas-producing wells.

[0143] Although the invention has been described with reference to the control of well fluids (such as oil, gas, water) from a subterranean reservoir, the skilled person will understand that the invented device and its method may be useful in any application where the objective is to control fluid flow based on the properties (e.g. viscosity, density) of the various fluids in the flow to prevent unwanted fluids from entering a fluid flow. Examples of such applications are injection wells, separation processes and steam traps.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0144]

TABLE-US-00001 F Fluid flow F.sub.0 Major portion of fluid flow/main fluid flow/primary fluid flow f Smaller portion of fluid flow/pilot fluid flow/secondary fluid flow p.sub.1 First pressure p.sub.2 Second pressure (between first and second fluid flow restrictors) p.sub.3 Third pressure P.sub.2 Pressure difference in p.sub.2 generated due to change in fluid properties B Chamber t.sub.AICD Axial thickness of fluid control device housing 8 1 Fluid flow inlet/primary flow path inlet 2 Conduit/primary flow path/primary conduit 3 First fluid flow restrictor/coiled pipe/coiled thin tube 3a Interior multi inlet channel/multi inlet channel/multi inlet pipe 3b Interior section of the first fluid flow restrictor 3/interior part 3c Exterior straight part of the first fluid flow restrictor 3/exterior pipe 3d Exterior coiled part of the first fluid flow restrictor 3/exterior pipe 4 Second fluid flow restrictor, orifice 5 Fluid flow outlet/primary flow path outlet 6 Actuator/actuating surface 7 Secondary flow path/secondary conduit 8 Fluid control device housing/housing 9 Piston/valve element/movable disc 9a Lower disc of piston 9 9b Upper disc of piston 9 10 Hydraulic/electrical/mechanical transmission means (for transmitting pressure force)/resilient member/semi-flexible material/diaphragm 11 Secondary flow path inlet 12 Secondary flow path outlet 13 Interior outlet channel 14 Filter/inlet filter 14a Outer protrusion(s) of filter 14 14b Inner protrusion(s) of filter 14 15 Sealing means/O-ring 16 Inlet bushing 17 Outlet bushing 18 Primary fluid flow bushing/second ring-shaped disc 18a Bushing teeth arranged the outer circumference of the primary fluid flow bushing 18/axial directed edge 18b Bushing openings along the outer circumference of the primary fluid flow bushing 18/opening in axial directed edge/channel opening 19 Secondary fluid flow bushing/first ring-shaped disc 19a Inner locking edge along the circumference of the inner opening of the secondary fluid flow bushing 19/first locking edge 19b Outer locking edge/locking teeth along the outer circumference of the secondary fluid flow bushing 19/second locking edge 19c Bushing openings along the outer circumference of the secondary fluid flow bushing 19 21 Interior return channel/return channel 23 Aperture for insertion of fixing mean to fix housing 8 to base pipe 102 25 Opening/inlet to interior multi inlet channel 26 Bushing seal 100 Flow control device 101 Production string 102 Base pipe 103 Sand screen 104 First inner sleeve/enclosure 105 Inner sleeve fluid channel 106 Sand screen fluid channel 107 Second inner sleeve/enclosure 108 End cap/enclosure 109 Closed input chamber 110 Outer sleeve 111 Inner sleeve opening/enclosure input opening 120 Gas or Water, Low viscosity fluid 121 Gas or Water/Oil interface, Low viscosity/High viscosity fluid interface 122 Oil, High viscosity 123 Formation