BATTERY APPARATUS

Abstract

A battery apparatus includes a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, and a heat sink located on one side of the battery cell stack, wherein the heat sink includes a cooling pipe, at least one rupture part, and a sealing material layer.

Claims

1. A battery apparatus comprising: a battery cell stack comprising a plurality of battery cells stacked in a first direction; a fluid channel elongated along the first direction; a first branch of the fluid channel extending from a first point of the fluid channel toward the battery stack in a second direction generally perpendicular to the first direction; a second branch of the fluid channel extending from a second point of the fluid channel toward the battery stack in the second direction; a fluid material filled in the fluid channel, the first branch and the second branch; a first rupture disposed between the first branch and a first portion of the battery cell stack, and configured to break when a gas pressure inside the first portion increases by fire and reaches a level to break the first rupture such that the gas pressure is to push the fluid material in the first branch to the fluid channel; and a second rupture disposed between the second branch and a second portion of the battery cell stack, and configured to break when a fluid pressure inside the fluid channel increases by the gas pressure's pushing of the fluid material and reaches a level to breach the second rupture such that the fluid material within the fluid channel is to flow into the second portion via the second rupture.

2. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid material comprises a fire extinguisher.

3.

4. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel, the first branch and the second branch are formed in a structure disposed over the battery cell stack.

5. The battery apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a third branch extending from another point of the fluid channel toward the battery stack generally in the second direction.

6. The battery apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a third branch extending from another point of the fluid channel away from the battery stack in a third direction other than the second direction.

7. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first rupture has a dome shape bulged toward the battery cell stack.

8. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second rupture has a dome shape bulged toward the fluid channel.

9. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel is wider at the second point than at the first point.

10. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel is gradually widening in a direction from the first point to the second point.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-Ir in FIG. 1.

[0031] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as viewed in the direction A of FIG. 1.

[0032] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as viewed in the direction B of FIG. 1.

[0033] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a direction B of FIG. 1 and cross a space filled with a battery cell sealing material.

[0034] FIG. 6A shows an inverted dome type rupture part according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 6B shows the inverted dome type rupture part that has been ruptured.

[0036] FIG. 7 is a graph showing a process in which gas is ejected as the internal pressure increases in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0037] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement them. The present disclosure may be modified in various different ways, and is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0038] Parts that are irrelevant to the description will be omitted to clearly describe the present disclosure, and like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification.

[0039] Further, in the drawings, the size and thickness of each element are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of description, and the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to those illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers, regions, etc. are exaggerated for clarity. In the drawings, for convenience of description, the thicknesses of some layers and regions are exaggerated.

[0040] In addition, it will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being on or above another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being directly on another element, it means that other intervening elements are not present. Further, the word on or above means disposed on or below a reference portion, and does not necessarily mean being disposed on the upper end of the reference portion toward the opposite direction of gravity.

[0041] Further, throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as including a certain component, it means that it can further include other components, without excluding the other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0042] Further, throughout the specification, when referred to as planar, it means when a target portion is viewed from the top, and when referred to as cross-sectional, it means when a target portion is viewed from the side of a cross section cut vertically.

[0043] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line in FIG. 1.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the battery module according to the present embodiment includes a battery cell stack 100 in which a plurality of battery cells 110 are stacked in one direction, a heat sink 300 located on one side of the battery cell stack 100, and a side plate 180 adjacent to the battery cell 110 located at the outermost side in the stacking direction of the battery cell stack 100. The heat sink 300 is located on the upper part of the battery cell stack 100, and may extend long along one side of the battery cell 110 rather than a portion connected to the electrode lead (not shown). Although not shown, the end plates may be coupled in the direction A and B of FIG. 1.

[0045] The heat sink 300 according to the present embodiment includes a cooling pipe 310, one or more rupture parts 210 and 230, and a sealing material layer 250. The sealing material layer 250 may include a fire extinguishing gel or an insulating oil. As the fire extinguishing gel or the insulating oil, a liquid that can prevent an internal short circuit in the secondary battery, can dissipate high temperature heat, and can seal the peripheral portion of the battery cell 110 can be used.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 2, the battery cell stack 100 may further include a compression pad 130 formed between the plurality of battery cells 110. The compression pad 130 may have a function of absorbing a volume change according to a characteristic in which the battery cell 110 expands/contracts according to a state of charge, and a dimensional tolerance of the battery cell itself. A resin layer 150 may be located between the battery cell stack 100 and the heat sink 300. The resin layer 150 may transfer heat generated in the battery cell stack 100 to the heat sink 300. Thereafter, heat is transferred to a cooling pipe 310 through which the cooling water flows, so that the heat generated in the battery cell stack 100 may be cooled. The cooling pipe 310 may extend in a bar shape in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery cell stack 100. The resin layer 150 may be form in a plurality of layers spaced apart from each other, and a protruding part 300 p may be located between the plurality of resin layers 150 formed. The protruding part 300 p may be located to correspond to the compression pad 130.

[0047] In the heat sink 300 according to the present embodiment, a sealing material layer 250 made of a sealing material is formed therein, and a cooling pipe 310 through which cooling water passes is formed around the sealing material layer 250. The heat sink 300 may extend long in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery cell stack 100. The sealing material layer 250 may form a hole 250 h extending long inside the heat sink 300, and may be formed by filling the hole 250 h with a sealing material.

[0048] At least one protruding part 300 p protruding in a direction at which the battery cell stack 100 is located may be formed at a lower end of the heat sink 300. The protruding part 300 p is a structure in which a part of the heat sink 300 protrudes toward the battery cell stack 100, and can be integrally formed with the heat sink 300. An ejection hole 300 h is formed in the protruding part 300 p, and the sealing material formed in the sealing material layer 250 may be extended and filled in the ejection hole 300 h. In other words, the ejection hole 300 h may extend to the hole 250 h in which the sealing material layer 250 is formed, and the sealing material filled in the ejection hole 300 h may be connected to the sealing material layer 250.

[0049] Hereinafter, the rupture part according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

[0050] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as viewed in the direction A of FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as viewed in the direction B of FIG. 1.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 3, the rupture part according to the present embodiment may be made of at least one part. For example, the first rupture part 210 may be formed into two parts so as to be spaced apart along a direction in which the plurality of battery cells 110 are stacked. The first rupture part 210 may be located at one end of the heat sink 300. The rupture part according to the present embodiment may, in addition to the first rupture part 210, include a second rupture part 220 as shown in FIG. 4. The second rupture part 220 may be located at the other end of the heat sink 300 so as to correspond to one end of the heat sink 300 at which the first rupture part 210 is located. Specifically, when the heat sink 300 extends long in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery cell stack 100, the first rupture part 210 is located at one end in the direction in which the heat sink 300 extends, and the second rupture part 220 may be located at the other end in the direction in which the heat sink 300 extends.

[0052] The first rupture part 210 and the second rupture part 220 according to the present embodiment may be formed at the ends of the protruding part 300 p which is a structure in which a part of the heat sink 300 is formed so as to project toward the battery cell stack 100. An ejection hole 300 h filled with a sealing material is formed inside the end of the protruding part 300 p. In this case, the first rupture part 210 and the second rupture part 220 may have a dome shape or a valve shape protruding in mutually different directions with respect to the bottom surface of the heat sink 300. The battery module according to the present embodiment has the structure as described above, whereby when gas is generated due to a fire in the battery cell 110, the internal pressure increases and thus, the first rupture part 210 and the second rupture part 220 are broken, so that the sealing material of the sealing material layer 250 is ejected to shut off the battery cell 110. That is, it is possible to prevent chain actions by blocking transfer of high-temperature heat to the other battery cells 110 adjacent to the battery cell 110 in which the fire has occurred.

[0053] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a direction B of FIG. 1 and across a space filled with a battery cell sealing material.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 5, the sealing material layer 250 according to the present embodiment is continuously formed from the first rupture part 210 to the second rupture part 220, and the cross-sectional area of the sealing material layer 250 may become gradually wider from the first rupture part 210 to the second rupture part 220. Here, the cross-sectional area of the sealing material layer 250 may represent a portion cut in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery cell stack 100. As described above, in order to break the first rupture part 210 and the second rupture part 220 and eject the sealing material of the sealing material layer 250 to shut off the battery cell 110, when the first rupture part 210 is broken along with the increase of the internal pressure, the sealing material forming the sealing material layer 250 is pushed out, the internal pressure of the sealing material layer 250 increases, and thus, the second rupture part 220 is broken. At this time, in order to have a directivity in which the sealing material of the sealing material layer 250 is ejected, the rupture parts 210 and 220 have preferably a dome shape protruding in mutually different directions with respect to the bottom surface of the heat sink 300. Since the rupture parts 210 and 220 have a directivity in which they are destroyed in a dome shape, the first rupture part 210 has a dome shape protruding downward with respect to the bottom surface of the heat sink 300, and the second rupture part 220 may have a dome shape protruding upward with respect to the bottom surface of the heat sink 300, based on an inverted dome shape. Specifically, the dome shape according to the present embodiment may be an inverted dome shape in which the directions of protrusion before and after operation are opposite, and an example of such an inverted dome type rupture part is as shown in FIG. 6.

[0055] FIG. 6A shows an inverted dome type rupture part according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 6A shows a state before the rupture part operates, and FIG. 6B shows a state after the rupture part operates. The rupture parts 210 and 220 according to the present embodiment described in FIG. 5 may include support parts 210a and 220a and wing parts 210b and 220b inside the support parts 210a and 220a that can be opened in response to gas generation. In a normal state, the rupture parts 210 and 220 of FIG. 5 have wing portions 210b and 220b that are closed as in FIG. 6A. When a high temperature gas is generated and a certain pressure is applied, the wing parts 210b and 220b may be torn and opened as shown in FIG. 6B.

[0057] In this way, the sealing material may be ejected into the second rupture part 220 and circulated. As described above, since the cross-sectional area of the sealing material layer 250 has a structure that becomes gradually wider from the first rupture part 210 to the second rupture part 220, the flow of the sealing material can be induced. For example, when extruding some fluids, extruding from a narrow region to a broad region requires less force, and so a structure having such a cross-sectional area is desirable.

[0058] As described above, the battery module according to the present embodiment has a structure including a first rupture part 210 and a second rupture part 220, so that the battery cell sealing material is ejected through the rupture part to block high-temperature heat. In addition to these effects, as an additional rupture part is included in addition to the rupture parts 210 and 220 described in the present embodiment, the possibility of explosion due to high pressure can be reduced. In this regard, referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, the battery module may further include a third rupture part 230 located on the upper surface of the heat sink 300.

[0059] In the battery module according to the present embodiment, the first rupture part 210 is broken as the internal pressure of the battery cell stack 100 increases. The second rupture part 220 is broken while the generated internal pressure pushes out the sealing material located in the sealing material layer 250. Thereafter, the third rupture part 230 is broken by the internal pressure of the remaining gas, gas may be ejected to the outside through the rupture part 230.

[0060] FIG. 7 is a graph showing a process in which gas is ejected as the internal pressure increases in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0061] Referring to FIG. 7, it can be seen that as the time value (minutes) on the horizontal axis gradually increases, a first rupture occurs in the first rupture part. Thereafter, as described above, while the internal pressure generated pushes out the sealing material of the sealing material layer, a second rupture occurs at the second rupture part. After a third rupture occurs in the third rupture part due to the internal pressure of the remaining gas, it can be seen that the internal pressure of the battery cell is finally stabilized. In other words, the vertical axis in the upper graph shows the gas generation amount of the battery cell, and the vertical axis in the lower graph represents the pressure change in the battery module due to gas generation, and when a third rupture occurs, gas is ejected to the outside and the pressure inside the battery module drops.

[0062] Meanwhile, in the battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the battery modules may be packaged in a pack case to form a battery pack.

[0063] The above-mentioned battery module and a battery pack including the same may be applied to various devices. These devices may be applied to vehicles such as an electric bicycle, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto but can be applied to various devices that can use the battery module and the battery pack including the same, which also belongs to the scope of the present disclosure.

[0064] Although the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements of those skilled in the art using the basic concepts of the present disclosure defined in the following claims also belong to the scope of rights.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0065] 210, 220, 230: rupture part [0066] 250: sealing material layer [0067] 300 p: protruding part [0068] 300: heat sink