MAGNETIC LEVITATION ELECTRICAL GENERATOR

Abstract

A device for generating an electric charge, having: a capacitor; magnet; splitter; load; and conductive core. The capacitor stores electricity generated from the electric charge. The splitter receives a first portion of electricity from the conductive core and diverts a second portion of electricity back to the capacitor and further diverts a third portion of electricity to the load. The load stores electricity and uses a fraction of the total electricity generated by the device. The magnet levitates and rotates on an electromagnetic rail around the conductive core in an infinite loop, wherein the rotation causes a magnetic field. The device may be incorporated into a vertical takeoff and landing system to provide electric power to it for its operation. Alternatively, the device may provide electric power to a factory for its operation.

Claims

1. A vertical takeoff and landing system comprising a device for generating an electric charge, said device having: a base; at last one capacitor; at least one magnet; a cover; a splitter; a load; a conductive core; a low friction surface; at least one discharge point; wherein said at least one capacitor adapted and configured to store electricity generated from the electric charge; said splitter adapted and configured to receive electricity from the conductive core, said splitter including a first branch for diverting a first portion of said electricity back to the at least one capacitor, said splitter including a second branch for diverting a second portion of electricity to the load; said load adapted and configured to store electricity and use a fraction of the total electricity generated by the device; said conductive core positioned on the low friction surface; said at least one magnet adapted and configured to levitate and rotate on an electromagnetic rail in a loop, wherein said rotation causes a magnetic field to have varying orientations relative to the core such that an alternating electric current is generated in the core; wherein said magnetic field is sustained by the at least one magnet, the splitter having a diode such that the electric current from the core is changed to an electric charge; and said at least one discharge point external to said device and wherein energy is distributed through the second branch of the splitter to the external at least one discharge point.

2. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 1 wherein electricity is released from the at least one capacitor in series or in parallel to the electromagnetic rail.

3. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 1 wherein the at least one magnet is comprised of neodymium.

4. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 1 wherein the conductive core is comprised of a copper coil or a copper disc.

5. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 1, wherein the conductive core is affixed to the at least one magnet and to the base.

6. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 1, wherein the at least one magnet is comprised of at least one electromagnetic rail which spins in opposing directions.

7. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 1 wherein said device for generating an electric charge is a magnetic levitation electrical generator device, said system further comprising a housing within which the magnetic levitation electrical generator device is situated, the system further comprising rotary wings connected to the housing to enable said wings to rotate thereby causing the housing to lift off from the ground for flight.

8. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 7 wherein the housing is unmanned during flight and wirelessly controlled remotely.

9. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 7 wherein the housing carries a payload of an explosive material.

10. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 9 and further comprising a targeting system connected to said housing to position said system in an intercept position such that said system is struck by an airborne projectile.

11. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 7 and further comprising a counter-rotating gear mechanism connected to said housing and two rotary wings connected to said gear mechanism to enable the wings to counter-rotate.

12. The vertical takeoff and landing system of claim 11 wherein said counter-rotating gear mechanism comprises a horizontal lower gear, two vertical side gears that interlock with said lower gear, and a horizontal upper gear that interlocks with said side gears such that when said lower gear is driven in a first direction, said lower gear drives said side gears which, in turn drive said upper gear in a second direction opposite to said first direction, said lower gear being driven by a first shaft connected to one pair of said rotary wings, said upper gear being secured to a second shaft connected to a second pair of said rotary wings, said first shaft being located within said second shaft in coaxial relation therewith.

13. A device for generating an electric charge, comprising: a base; at last one capacitor; at least one magnet; a cover; a load; a conductive core; a low friction surface; at least one discharge point; wherein said at least one capacitor adapted and configured to store electricity generated from the electric charge; said load adapted and configured to store electricity and use a fraction of the total electricity generated by the device; said conductive core positioned on the low friction surface; said at least one magnet adapted and configured to levitate and rotate relative to an electromagnetic rail in a loop, wherein said rotation causes a magnetic field to have varying orientations relative to the core such that an alternating electric current is generated in the core; wherein said magnetic field is sustained by the at least one magnet, the rotation of said at least one magnet being provided by a wheel rotatably connected to said at least one magnet wherein said wheel is forcibly rotated by a liquid striking vanes secured to said wheel; a diode for changing the electric current from the core to an electric charge; and said at least one discharge point external to said device and wherein energy is distributed to the external at least one discharge point.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein electricity is released from the at least one capacitor in series or in parallel to the electromagnetic rail.

15. The device of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is comprised of neodymium.

16. The device of claim 13, wherein the conductive core is comprised of a copper coil or a copper disc.

17. The device of claim 13, wherein the conductive core is affixed to the at least one magnet and to the base.

18. The device of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is comprised of at least one electromagnetic rail which spins in opposing directions.

19. The device of claim 13, wherein the device generates an uninterrupted electrical current as long as the device is powered and the at least one magnet is rotating.

20. The device of claim 13, wherein the device requires no lubrication.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG. 1 depicts a perspective illustrative view of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 2 depicts an alternative illustrative view of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 3 depicts an alternative illustrative view of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 4 depicts a schematic view of the flow of electricity of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 5 depicts an alternative schematic view of the flow of electricity of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of a generator of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 7 depicts a perspective view of moving parts of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 8 depicts a perspective view of a base of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 9 depicts a front perspective view of internal components of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 10 depicts a schematic diagram of Section 1A of FIG. 9 of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 11 depicts a schematic diagram of Section 1B of FIG. 9 of the present invention.

[0030] FIG. 12 depicts a schematic diagram of a coil system of the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 13 depicts a schematic diagram of a coil design of the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 14 depicts a schematic diagram of capacitors of the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the VTOL or Drone Assembly including an embodiment of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device of the present invention.

[0034] FIG. 16 is an elevation view of FIG. 15.

[0035] FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device contained in the housing shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.

[0036] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the intermediate section of the housing shown in FIG. 15.

[0037] FIG. 19 is an elevation view of FIG. 18.

[0038] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the rotary wings and upper section of the housing shown in FIG. 15.

[0039] FIG. 21 is an exploded view of FIG. 15 in schematic.

[0040] FIG. 22 is a enlarged perspective view of the counter-rotation mechanism contained in the circled portion 22 of FIG. 21.

[0041] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the bottom portion of the housing of FIG. 15.

[0042] FIG. 24 is an enlarged perspective view of the circled portion 24 of FIG. 21.

[0043] FIG. 25 is a schematic view of components connected to the printed circuit diagram.

[0044] FIG. 26 is a schematic of a factory including an embodiment of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Identical elements in the various figures are identified with the same reference numerals.

[0046] Reference will now be made in detail to each embodiment of the present invention. Such embodiments are provided by way of explanation of the present invention, which is not intended to be limited thereto. In fact, those of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate upon reading the present specification and viewing the present drawings that various modifications and variations can be made thereto.

[0047] FIG. 1 is a perspective illustrative view of the present invention, a magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 comprises a base 1 and a cover 9. The base 1 and the cover 9 may be made of various nonmagnetic materials so as not to disrupt the magnetic forces of the generator. Such nonmagnetic materials may include rubber, plastic, stainless steel, feather, paper, mica, gold, silver, or leather. The base includes a manual power switch 7 which may be used to turn on or power the device off. The base 1 and cover 9 may be of various shapes and sizes. In a preferred embodiment, the base 1 and cover 9 are cylindrical or round in shape.

[0048] The cover 9 is adapted and configured to cover the components of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 that are secured to the base 1. In a preferred embodiment, the external diameter of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is 10 inches and the height is 8 inches. In another embodiment the diameter can be larger or smaller depending on the device in which the invention is powering. The cover 9 or head moves around the conductive core. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base 1 and the cover 9 may be connected by a twist groove mechanism, screws or other securing mechanisms.

[0049] FIG. 1 also shows the components of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is comprised of a magnetic levitation bottom rail 2 and a magnetic levitation top rail 4. The magnetic levitation top rail 4 is above the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2, as depicted.

[0050] The magnetic levitation top rail 4 and the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2 are connected via magnetic force. The magnetic levitation top rail 4 and the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2 may spin and rotate in one direction or the magnetic levitation top rail 4 may spin and rotate in an opposite direction than the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2 is affixed and does not move. The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 contains a conductive core 8 which is positioned on a frictionless surface 13 (as depicted in FIG. 12). The conductive core is affixed to the base.

[0051] Positioned above the conductive core 8 is a bottom portion of magnets 5 and a top portion of magnets 6. The bottom portion of magnets 5 and the top portion of magnets 6 may be comprised of neodymium or any natural magnets. In another embodiment, the bottom portion of magnets 5 and the top portion of magnets 6 of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 may be comprised of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and/or alnico (an aluminum-nickel-cobalt alloy). The bottom portion of magnets 5 and the top portion of magnets 6 also spin and rotate to create a magnetic field. The magnetic field creates electrical charges and currents. The generated electrical charge and current is captured by the capacitors 3, which are positioned above the neodymium bottom portion of magnets 5 and the top portion of magnets 6. The capacitors 3 store electricity generated from the electric charge. Moreover, FIG. 14 depicts a schematic diagram of capacitors of the present invention.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, there is at least one capacitor 3. In another embodiment, there are a plurality of capacitors 3 which are connected to each in a shape corresponding to or complimentary to the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2 and the magnetic levitation top rail 4. Regardless of the amount of capacitors 3, they act as a bank to store electricity generated by the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. In a preferred embodiment, there is at least one magnet. In another embodiment, there are a plurality of magnets which are connected to one another by magnetic forces or which have been soldered together. The shape of the magnetic rails (e.g., the magnetic levitation top rail 4 and the magnetic levitation bottom rail 2) may correspond and compliment the shape and number of capacitors 3. However, this is not a requirement of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11.

[0053] FIG. 2 shows the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. A base plate 10 secures a positive lead 11 and a negative lead 12 (the electrical polarity as shown in FIG. 3) which carries the electrical charge and current created by the rotating and levitation magnets. According to an embodiment, the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is capable of generating electricity after an initial charge of outside current. According to an embodiment, an initial current from an outside source 18 flows through the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 to aid the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 in initially generating electricity. This initial current causes the magnets (e.g., the bottom portion of magnets and the top portion of magnets 6) of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 to rotate, causing the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 to generate its own current. According to an embodiment, once the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 generates its own current, the initial current can be removed. According to an embodiment, once the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 generates its own current, the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 produces electricity that can be stored and/or used to power one or more devices.

[0054] According to an embodiment, the initial current originates from a device separate and apart from the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. According to an embodiment, the initial current originates from a capacitor 3 and/or a capacitor bank. According to an embodiment, the initial current provides enough power to the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 to enable lift and rotation of the magnets (e.g., the bottom portion of magnets 5 and the top portion of magnets 6), enabling the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 to generate its own electricity. According to an embodiment, when the electromagnets are supplied with a sufficient amount of electric current, the magnets (e.g., the bottom portion of magnets 5 and the top portion of magnets 6) provide lift and rotation for the head, which houses one or more permanent magnets. According to an embodiment, the permanent magnets and the electromagnets are spaced far enough apart to enable the magnetic fields that they generate to not interact with each other. According to an embodiment, power flows through the stator 14, generating the magnetic field that causes rotation.

[0055] FIG. 4 is schematic view of the flow of electricity throughout the present invention. First, as indicated by Step 1, electricity is stored in the capacitors 3 and is released in a series or parallel to the electromagnetic rails. Electricity is then released to a Switch in Step 2. The switch may be manually or remotely open or close the circuit to turn the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 on or off. In Step 3, electricity powers the electromagnetic levitated neodymium magnets which rotate around an affixed conductive core (Step 4). According to an embodiment, the neodymium magnets (or other types of suitable magnets) may rotate in either direction, as long as the magnets have alternating polarities. From the conductive core, electricity flows to a splitter. The splitter may partially divert electricity back to the capacitors to start the electrical circuit again and to the Load (not shown). The Load uses a fraction of the total electricity generated by the elector magnetic levitated neodymium magnets. In another embodiment, the flow of electricity may not include a switch (as shown in FIG. 5) to turn the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 on or off.

[0056] The present invention provides an electricity producing generator device 11 with only one moving part. The generator combines the maglev technology with scalable output to deliver a constant amount of electricity as long as the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is turned on. Once the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is activated it can operate without interruption indefinitely and since the only moving part on the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is magnetically levitated there is no need for lubrication. The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 delivers clean reliable renewable energy without any emissions and can be applied to virtually any device, vehicle or structure. An electric charge can be sustained in a magnetic field in an infinite loop to sustain the charge and distribute some energy to an external discharge point or points. The magnetic field is sustained by rotating magnets around a conductive core on a frictionless surface produced by magnetic levitation. The conductive core is a copper coil that is not a continuous ring; the ends form the terminal for the electricity to exit the device. The design of the coil is depicted in FIG. 13.

[0057] The magnets are electromagnetic magnets and may also include full-permanent magnets. This includes magnets 5 and 6. The full-permanent magnet and are comprised of neodymium (rare earth) magnets so that there is no energy loss through friction. Such magnets help reduce maintenance costs and increases the lifespan of the generator (of FIG. 6). According to an embodiment, the full-permanent magnets are arranged in alternating polarities. The magnetic field that the full-permanent magnets generate interacts with the coil. When the full-permanent magnets rotate, the gaps in the coil cause a break in the magnetic field which enables the generation of electricity. According to an embodiment, this generated electricity is collated by a stator 14 and travels down a shaft 15 to positive 16 and negative 17 terminals. According to an embodiment, the stator 14 is affixed to the base 7 of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11.

[0058] According to an embodiment, the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 includes the shaft 15 for transporting the electricity from the shaft to the positive 16 and negative 17 terminals. According to an embodiment, initial power is sent through the shaft 15 to the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 to provide an initial current to initialize rotation of the discs. According to an embodiment, the initial power is provided by a capacitor or capacitor bank. It is noted, however, that other means of providing the initial power may also be used, while maintaining the spirit of the present invention.

[0059] It should be appreciated that the central part of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is hollow to allow for other components to be installed. The moving parts of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 are denoted CP-1 and are depicted at least in FIG. 7, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11. The components labeled CP-1 are the part of the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 that is levitated and rotated, which generates the electricity. The cover 9 rotates and is a part of CP-1. The cover 9 houses all of the component, including the capacitor bank. In other embodiments, the capacitor bank is external to the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. The capacitors affixed in CP-1 is a storage bank for excess electricity that is generated. The PCB has capacitors as well, but those are built-in to keep circuits energized.

[0060] The non-moving parts of the invention (e.g. the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11) are denoted CP-2 and are depicted in at least FIG. 8, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11. The components labeled CP-2 are stationary and provide lift and rotation via the electromagnets and PCB. It should be appreciated that the conductive rail is stationary and is part of CP-2. It should be appreciated that in some examples, both CP-1 and CP-2 can be rotated in counter-directions to increase the output.

[0061] FIG. 9 depicts internal components of the present invention, where FIG. 10 depicts Section 1A of FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 depicts Section 1B of FIG. 9. The location of the coils, C-Channel track, and C-Channel magnets are depicted in FIG. 10. The C-Channels have magnets on three (3) sides to provide stability as CP-1 rotates through the C-Channel. Rotation occurs when a signal from the PCB is delivered to the electromagnets at timed intervals at different locations on the C-Channel (as depicted in FIG. 10) in CP-2 so that the entire component of CP-1 traverses the path created.

[0062] It should further be appreciated that, as explained, each magnet has the opposite pole of the one that it is opposing it and is arranged in a NSNS configuration. The magnets in the C-Channel of CP-1 rotate around the fixed copper coil at a 90 degree angle which cuts across the lines of magnetism to produce electricity. The C-Channels form a ring but the ends are capped with insulators to prevent it from shorting the circuit. Moreover, harvesting or collection of electricity is being done in the instant invention by the stationary coil and may be transported to the capacitor through the diode or Silicon Control Rectifier (SCR).

[0063] The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 may be incorporated into a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) system 20 to provide electric power to it for its operation. Such a VTOL) system 20 is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. Also, the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 may be incorporated into an electronic vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) system to provide electric power to it for its operation. A VTOL system 20 may lack a human pilot and be controlled remotely and wirelessly. Such an unmanned VTOL 20 may constitute a drone.

[0064] An embodiment of a magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 used in a VTOL is shown in FIG. 17. The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 may be used in a VTOL 20 by situating the magnetic levitation electrical generator device in a housing 22 as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. A battery bank is connected to the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11. The VTOL 20 may have rotary wings 25 connected inner and outer shafts 27, 30 which, in turn, are connected to the housing 22 to enable the wings to rotate thereby causing the housing to lift off from the ground for flight. The rotary wings 25 and their relation to the housing 22 is shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and 20.

[0065] The coupling of the rotary wings 25 to the housing 22 is provided by inner and outer shafts 27, 30 where the inner shaft is located within the outer shaft in coaxial relation therewith, as shown in FIG. 22. Supported on the shafts 27, 30 are the rotary wings 25, as shown in FIG. 20. One wing 25 is connected to the upper end of the inner shaft 27 at the midpoint of the wing. A second wing 25 is connected to the upper end of the outer shaft 30 at the midpoint of the wing. The wings 25 are parallel to one another, as shown in FIG. 20.

[0066] The inner and outer shafts 27, 30 are secured to a counter-rotating gear mechanism 32 which provides for the shafts 27, 30 to rotate in opposite directions, as shown in FIG. 22. The inner or central shaft 27 is rotatably driven by the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11.

[0067] The counter-rotating gear mechanism 32 includes a horizontal lower gear 35, two vertical side gears 37 that interlock with a lower gear, and a horizontal upper gear 40 that interlocks with the side gears, as shown in FIG. 22. When the lower gear 35 is driven in a first direction, the lower gear drives the side gears 37 which, in turn drive the upper gear 40 in an opposite direction. Since the lower and upper gears 35, 40 are secured to the inner and outer shafts 27, 30 respectively, the opposing rotations of the lower and upper gears cause concomitant opposing rotation of the inner and outer shafts. Consequently, the pairs of rotary wings 25 rotate in opposite directions. The longitudinal section of the inner shaft 27 has a hexagonal cross section where it is secured to the lower gear 35 and under the lower gear. Above the lower gear 35, the cross section of the inner shaft 27 is circular. The outer shaft 30 extends between the upper gear 40 and associated rotary wings 25. The cross section of the outer shaft 30 is circular.

[0068] The housing 22 has a lower section 47 as shown in FIGS. 21 and 23. The lower section 47 can be fitted with various payloads 50 to deter different inbound projectiles and weapon systems. The housing 22 may carry a payload 50 of an explosive material to neutralize incoming artillery or threats, as shown in FIG. 24. The explosive material in the payload 50 may be a Claymore mine. The explosive material in the payload 50 may be self-detonating. In another embodiment, the VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system can be fitted with non-lethal offensive weapon systems to immobilize or stun.

[0069] The VTOL system 20 may include a targeting system 49 connected to the housing 22 to position the VTOL system in an intercept position such that the VTOL system is struck by an airborne projectile. The VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system are connected to a charging station and receive signals from forward sensors that report the speed, coordinates, and altitude of an incoming projectile. The VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system initiate an intercept course and make contact with the projectile. Upon contact with the incoming projectile, the The VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system deliver the payload to neutralize the target. The domains where the VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system can be used are, but not limited to, ground-based defense platforms, and naval and aerospace vehicles.

[0070] The purpose of the VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system is to serve as a countermeasure to high-speed artillery (ex. hypersonic missiles, long-range projectiles, and mid-range projectiles). The VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system are mid-tech and a one-time use solution or reusable, depending on the use case, as a deterrent to neutralize long and mid-range artillery.

[0071] The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 is lightweight, compact, and efficient. For applications where low to high-speed thrust rotation is needed, such as a VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system, the magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 provides controllable torque, less cogging (>0.5 Nm), and high power density. The VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system provides speed.

[0072] The connections between the components of the VTOL system 20 and eVTOL system is shown in FIG. 25. The following components are connected to one another and to the printed circuit board (PCB) 52: Magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11, counter-rotating gear mechanism 32, a battery 55, speed sensor 57, and proximity sensor 60. A wireless receiver 62 is connected to the printed circuit board (PCB) 52. The targeting system 49 and payload 50 are connected to one another and to the printed circuit board 52. The drive system and payload 50 are connected via the printed circuit board 52.

[0073] The magnetic levitation electrical generator device 11 may be used in a factory 65, as shown in FIG. 26. In this embodiment, the rotation of at least one of the magnets 67 is provided by a water wheel 70 rotatably connected to a magnet 67 that rotates. The water wheel 70 is forcibly rotated by a liquid striking vanes 72 secured to a wheel 75, as shown in FIG. 27. The liquid may be water or oil extracted through a pipe 77.

[0074] The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others or ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0075] When introducing elements of the present disclosure or the embodiments thereof, the articles a, an, and the are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. Similarly, the adjective another, when used to introduce an element, is intended to mean one or more elements. The terms including and having are intended to be inclusive such that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

[0076] Although this invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is to be understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of illustration and that numerous changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.