LAYERED CONTAINMENT FEATURES

Abstract

A degradable containment includes an outer structural layer constructed of a pulp material, a central carrier layer constructed of a biopolymer, and an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of a nanomaterial.

Claims

1. A layered containment comprising: an outer structural layer defining a containment cavity and constructed of a pulp material; an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of at least one of the following: silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, and/or a nanomaterial of hydrophobic nanoparticles; and, a central carrier layer underlying the outer structural layer and constructed of a biopolymer, wherein the outer structural layer comprises a plurality of parts adhered by the central carrier layer and/or the interior nanomaterial layer and wherein the central carrier layer and/or the interior nanomaterial layer extend from a cavity of the containment to cover a portion or the entire exterior surface of the layered containment.

2. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein the interior nanomaterial layer underlies the central carrier layer.

3. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein the central carrier layer underlies the interior nanomaterial layer.

4. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein the biopolymer comprises polyhydroxyalkanoate, lignin, or a mixture thereof,

5. The layered containment of claim 4, wherein the biopolymer further comprises polybutylene succinate.

6. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein the pulp material includes at least one of the following; an organic product or an organic-based product.

8. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein the biopolymer has been dispersed in a solvent, the solvent including dichloromethane, dichlorodimethylsilane, hydrofluoroether, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

10. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein: the biopolymer includes at least two of polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, or lignin; the biopolymer has been dispersed in a solvent, the solvent including dichloromethane, dichlorodimethylsilane, hydrofluoroether, or a mixture of two or more thereof; and the nanomaterial includes at least one of silicon dioxide and zinc oxide.

11. The layered containment of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles increase gas barrier properties, and further wherein the outer structural layer comprises a plurality of parts adhered by the central carrier layer and/or the interior nanomaterial layer and wherein the central carrier layer and/or the interior nanomaterial layer extend from a cavity of the containment to cover a portion or the entire exterior surface of the layered containment.

12. The layered containment of claim 1, further comprising a modular containment neck secured in a top portion of the layered containment.

13. The layered containment of claim 12, wherein the modular containment neck includes polypropylene, high density polyethylene, a biodegradable polymer, a biodegradable non-polymer, polypropylene, high density polyethylene biopolymer or a mixture thereof.

14. The layered containment of claim 12, wherein the modular containment neck includes at least one tab configured to secure the modular containment neck in the top portion of the layered containment.

15. The layered containment of claim 12, wherein the modular containment neck includes a screw-top configured to form a seal between the degradable containment and the modular containment neck.

16. The layered containment of claim 12, wherein the modular containment neck includes a securing flange configured to secure the modular containment neck in the top portion of the layered containment.

17. The layered containment of claim 12, wherein the layered containment further includes a lid securable to the modular containment neck.

18. A method of preparing the layered containment of claim 1, wherein the central carrier layer and/or the interior nanomaterial layer are heat seal to at least the outer structural layer.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein both the central carrier layer and the interior nanomaterial layer are heat sealed to the outer structural layer.

20. The method of claim 20, wherein heat sealing adheres the plurality of parts of the outer structural layer together.

21. A layered containment comprising: an outer structural layer defining a containment cavity and constructed of a pulp material, wherein the outer structural layer is comprised of at least two connected parts, each part having at least one flange aligned and connected with a respective flange on a connecting part, wherein a biopolymer adheres the flange and the respective flange together and wherein the sum of the connected parts provides the containment cavity.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The embodiments set forth in the drawings are illustrative and exemplary in nature and not intended to limit the disclosure. The following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments can be understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which:

[0009] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a containment wherein the containment is in the form of a bottle, according to embodiments described herein;

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of a containment, wherein the containment is in the form of a jar, according to embodiments described herein;

[0011] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an exemplary multi-layered containment according to embodiments described herein;

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a top, plan view of the multi-layered containment of FIG. 3, according to embodiments described herein;

[0013] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a collapsible core that may be used to form the containment according to embodiments described herein;

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the collapsible core of FIG. 5 wherein the collapsible core is extended, according to embodiments described herein;

[0015] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the collapsible core of FIG. 5, wherein the collapsible core is collapsed, according to embodiments described herein;.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the collapsible core of FIG. 5, wherein a cylinder is expanded, according to embodiments described herein;

[0017] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the collapsible core of FIG. 5, wherein the cylinder is retracted, according to embodiments described herein;

[0018] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of another exemplary multi-layered containment, according to embodiments described herein;

[0019] FIG. 11 shows a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 10, wherein the central carrier layer and the interior nanomaterial layer are applied to the outer structural layer after piecing the two halves of the outer structural layer together, according to embodiments described herein;

[0020] FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of a sectional view taken along lines A-A of FIG. 10, wherein the outer structural layer includes flanges that may be utilized to further secure the central carrier layer and/or interior nanomaterial layer, according to embodiments described herein;

[0021] FIG. 13 shows a magnified view of the sectional view of FIG. 12, wherein the central carrier layer and the interior nanomaterial layer extend onto the flanges of the outer structural layer, according to embodiments described herein;

[0022] FIG. 14 shows a magnified view of the sectional view of FIG. 12, wherein the outer structural layer, the central carrier layer, and the interior nanomaterial layer are sealed together, according to embodiments described herein;

[0023] FIG. 15 shows a sectional view of an embodiment taken along lines B-B of FIG. 10, wherein a central carrier layer and an interior nanomaterial layer are used to cover at least a portion of the exterior surface of the outer structural layer, according to embodiments described herein;

[0024] FIG. 16 shows the sectional view of FIG. 15, further including a lid, according to embodiments described herein;

[0025] FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of an exemplary modular containment neck, according to embodiments described herein;

[0026] FIG. 18 shows a perspective view another exemplary modular containment neck, according to embodiments described herein;

[0027] FIG. 19 shows a sectional view of the modular containment neck of FIG. 18, wherein the modular containment neck is secured between two halves of the containment, according to embodiments described herein;

[0028] FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of the modular containment neck of FIG. 19, further including a lid, according to embodiments described herein;

[0029] FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of another exemplary modular containment neck, according to embodiments described herein;

[0030] FIG. 22 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the modular containment neck of FIG. 21, wherein the modular containment neck includes a foil laminated stock, according to embodiments described herein;

[0031] FIG. 23 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of the modular containment neck of FIG. 21, wherein the modular containment neck includes a snap on lid, according to embodiments described herein;

[0032] FIG. 24 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of the modular containment neck of FIG. 21, wherein the modular containment neck includes a threaded lid, according to embodiments described herein;

[0033] FIG. 25 shows a perspective view of an exemplary lid according to embodiments described herein;

[0034] FIG. 26 shows a sectional view of the lid of FIG. 25, according to embodiments described herein;

[0035] FIG. 27 shows a magnified view of the sectional view of FIG. 26, according to embodiments described herein;

[0036] FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of the lid of FIG. 25, wherein the lid is being inserted into a receiving station of a containment, according to embodiments described herein;

[0037] FIG. 29 shows a perspective view of the lid of FIG. 25, wherein the lid is in the receiving station of the containment, according to embodiments described herein;

[0038] FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of the lid of FIG. 25, wherein the display is illuminated, according to embodiments described herein;

[0039] FIG. 31 shows a perspective view of another exemplary lid according to embodiments described herein, according to embodiments described herein;

[0040] FIG. 32 shows a perspective view of the lid of FIG. 31, wherein the lid is being placed onto a magnetic receiving station of the containment, according to embodiments described herein;

[0041] FIG. 33 shows a perspective view of the lid of FIG. 31, wherein the lid is on the magnetic receiving station of the containment, according to embodiments described herein; and

[0042] FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of another exemplary containment, according to embodiments described herein.

[0043] FIG. 35 shows another embodiment of a sectional view taken along lines A-A of FIG. 10, wherein the outer structural layer includes flanges that may be utilized to further secure the central carrier layer and/or interior nanomaterial layer, according to embodiments described herein;

[0044] FIG. 36 shows a magnified view of the sectional view of FIG. 35, wherein biopolymer is placed onto the flanges of the outer structural layer, according to embodiments described herein;

[0045] FIG. 37 shows a magnified view of the sectional view of FIG. 35, wherein the flanges of outer structural layer are adhered together through the biopolymer, according to embodiments described herein;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present disclosure provides a degradable containment including an outer structural layer constructed of a pulp material, a central carrier layer constructed of a biopolymer, and an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of a nanomaterial. The central carrier layer may act as a fluid barrier and prevent deterioration of the outer structural layer. In some embodiments, the central carrier layer may degrade relatively quickly. As such, an interior nanomaterial layer with a slower deterioration rate (but still degradable) may be utilized to extend the shelf life of the central carrier layer and the degradable containment as a whole. In some embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer may also reduce oxygen and/or water vapor permeability to the central layer and/or outer structural pulp layer. The central carrier layer may enable adhesion between the interior nanomaterial layer and the outer structural layer. The interior nanomaterial layer may enable adhesion between the central carrier layer and the outer structural layer. The carrier layer may provide the structural support necessary for the degradable containment, eliminating the need for an outer structural layer. The degradable containment may also include a modular containment neck configured to seal fluid inside the containment.

[0047] In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a degradable containment comprises an outer structural layer constructed of a pulp material, a central carrier layer constructed of a biopolymer, and an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of a nanomaterial.

[0048] In one embodiment, the pulp material may be created from any organic or organic-based products, such as wood by-products (including paper), bamboo, hemp, minerals, agricultural waste, recycled materials, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Similarly, some embodiments of the biopolymer include polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the biopolymer is dispersed in a solvent, the solvent including dichloromethane, dichlorodimethylsilane, hydrofluoroether, or a mixture of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the nanomaterial includes silicon dioxide nanomaterial or zinc oxide nanomaterial. Similarly, some embodiments may be configured with the biopolymer including polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof, the biopolymer being dispersed in a solvent, the solvent including dichloromethane, dichlorodimethylsilane, hydrofluoroether, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and the nanomaterial including at least one of a silicon dioxide nanomaterial and a zinc oxide nanomaterial.

[0049] In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, a degradable containment comprises an outer structural layer constructed of a pulp material created from any organic or organic-based products, such as wood by-products (including paper), bamboo, hemp, minerals, agricultural waste, recycled materials, or a mixture of two or more thereof; a central carrier layer constructed of a biopolymer including polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof; and an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of a nanomaterial including at least one of a silicon dioxide nanomaterial and a zinc oxide nanomaterial.

[0050] In one embodiment, the central carrier layer is applied directly to the interior surface of the outer structural layer and the interior nanomaterial layer is applied directly to an interior surface of the central carrier layer. In one embodiment, the interior nanomaterial layer is applied directly to the interior surface of the outer structural layer and the central carrier layer is applied directly to an interior surface of the interior nanomaterial layer. In some embodiments, the central carrier layer and the interior nanomaterial layer are included in a combined layer applied directly to an interior surface of the outer structural layer. Similarly, some embodiments may be configured with the biopolymer being dispersed in a solvent, the solvent including dichloromethane, dichlorodimethylsilane, hydrofluoroether, or a mixture of two or more thereof. In another embodiment, the outer structural layer includes two mirror halves that are pieced together during production before the central carrier layer and the interior nanomaterial layer are applied. In another embodiment, the outer structural layer includes two mirror halves, each mirror half having at least one flange, the at least one flange from one of the two mirror halves aligning with the at least one flange from the other of the two mirror halves to seal the outer structural layer, the central carrier layer, and the interior nanomaterial layer together. Similarly, some embodiments may be configured with at least one of the central carrier layer and the interior nanomaterial layer extending onto the at least one flange of each of the two mirror halves and acting as an adhesive to seal the outer structural layer, the central carrier layer, and the interior nanomaterial layer together. In some embodiments, the central carrier layer and/or the interior nanomaterial layer extend from a cavity of the degradable containment, wrap around the outer structural layer at a lid receiving portion of the degradable containment, and continue on to cover at least a portion of an exterior surface of the outer structural layer. In some embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer and/or the central carrier layer may be heat sealed or thermo-adhered or welded to the outer structural layer and/or each other. Such may be achieved through the application of an energy source, such as heat, light, and/or electric energy, to cause either or both the interior nanomaterial layer and/or the central carrier layer to briefly liquefy and cast over the surface of the outer structural layer before hardening due to cooling and/or the withdrawal of the applied energy. In some aspects, the heat sealing may include the application of pressure, such as mechanical press forcing the layers together. In some aspects, the application of heat energy and pressure over a sufficient period of time allows for the heat sealing to occur.

[0051] In accordance with a third aspect of the present disclosure, a degradable containment comprises an outer structural layer constructed of a pulp material including any organic or organic-based products, such as wood by-products (including paper), bamboo, hemp, minerals, agricultural waste, recycled materials, or a mixture of two or more thereof; a central carrier layer constructed of a biopolymer including polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof; an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of a nanomaterial including at least one of a silicon dioxide nanomaterial and a zinc oxide nanomaterial; and a modular containment neck secured in a top portion of the degradable containment.

[0052] In some embodiments, the outer-structural layer includes two mirror halves, each mirror half having at least one flange, the at least one flange from one of the two mirror halves aligning with the at least one flange from the other of the two mirror halves to seal the outer structural layer, the central carrier layer, and the interior nanomaterial layer together. In some embodiments, the biopolymer is applied between the at least one flange from one of the two mirror halves and the at least one flange from the other of the two mirror halves to adhere the two mirror halves together. In some embodiments, the outer structural layer is of two or more parts. In some aspects, the parts are assembled to form the containment. In some aspects, the outer structural layer is of at least two connected parts, each part having at least one flange aligned and connected with a respective flange on a connecting part. In some aspects, a biopolymers placed between two aligned flanges to adhere two respective parts together. In some aspects, placing a heat or light energy with pressure, such as mechanical pressure over sufficient time, to the biopolymer allows for the biopolymer to act as an adhesive between the two parts, thereby removing need for an additional adhesive. In some aspects, application of the biopolymer to one or more flange surfaces allows adherence to another flange surface. It will be appreciated that in further aspects, the flange surface may be pre-treated to encourage adhesion, such as by increasing the roughness or degree of friction thereon. In some aspects, pre-treatment can include steps such as coarse sanding to roughen the surface. It will be appreciate that by adhering the flanges of the parts together, the outer structural layer is effectively assembled and that the sum of the connected parts provides the volume and barriers of the formed containment cavity.

[0053] In one embodiment, the modular containment neck may be constructed with similar materials as the containment and thus may include polypropylene, high density polyethylene, a biodegradable polymer, a biodegradable non-polymer, polypropylene, high density polyethylene, biopolymer (including polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof) or a mixture thereof. In another embodiment, the modular containment neck includes at least one tab configured to secure the modular containment neck in the top portion of the degradable containment. In another embodiment, the modular containment neck includes a screw-top configured to form a seal between the degradable containment and the modular containment neck. In another embodiment, the modular containment neck includes a securing flange configured to secure the modular containment neck in the top portion of the degradable containment. In another embodiment, the degradable containment further includes a lid securable to the modular containment neck.

[0054] Additional advantages of the degradable containment features described herein will be set forth, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

[0055] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of degradable containment features. According to one embodiment, a degradable containment includes an outer structural layer constructed of a pulp material, a central carrier layer constructed of a biopolymer, and an interior nanomaterial layer constructed of nanomaterial. In embodiments, the pulp material includes any organic or organic-based products, such as wood by-products (including paper), bamboo, hemp, minerals, agricultural waste, recycled materials, or a mixture of two or more thereof; the biopolymer includes polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof; and the nanomaterial includes at least one of a silicon dioxide nanomaterial and a zinc oxide nanomaterial. In some embodiments, the degradable containment further includes a modular containment neck secured in a top portion of the degradable containment.

[0056] Various embodiments of degradable containment features will now be described in further detail herein with specific references to the illustrative drawings.

[0057] Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 depict containments according to embodiments described herein. The containment may take the form of a bottle 102 as illustrated in FIG. 1, a jar 104 as illustrated in FIG. 2, a container, or other receptacle for fluid or solid. In embodiments, the containment may be a paper water bottle.

[0058] The containment may be sized to define a predetermined interior volume for containing fluid (e.g., a volume of the cavity). For example, the containment may define an interior volume of about 1 milliliter (ml), about 10 ml, about 50 ml, about 100 ml, about 250 ml, about 500 ml, about 750 ml, about 1 liter, about 1.5 liter, about 2 liter, about 2.5 liter, about 5 liter, about 10 liter, etc., or any value or range between any two of these values (including endpoints). However, it should be understood that the volumes listed herein are merely illustrative and that the embodiments described herein are not limited to such.

[0059] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, an exemplary multi-layered containment according to embodiments described herein is shown at 110. As illustrated, the containment 110 may take the form of a bottle. The containment 110 may include an outer structural layer 112, a central carrier layer 114, and an interior nanomaterial layer 116. The containment 110 represents one-half of a bottle that may be assembled with another half to create the bottle. In certain embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 and the interior nanomaterial layer 116 are reversed with respect to the outer structural layer 112.

[0060] The outer structural layer 112 may be constructed of an environmentally friendly, recyclable, degradable (such as biodegradable, compostable, solar degradable, marine degradable, polymer or non-polymer material, and/or other eco-friendly material) material. The outer structural layer 112 may be constructed of an organic or organic-based material. The outer structural layer 112 may be constructed of a pulp material. The outer structural layer 112 may be constructed of wood by-products (including paper), bamboo, hemp, bagasse, or a mixture of two or more thereof. The outer structural layer 112 may be formed to define the desired size and/or shape for the containment 110. The outer structural layer 112 may have a thickness to achieve the desired structural integrity, rigidity, thermal properties, and insulating properties for the particular application. As an example, a disposable water bottle may have predetermined properties that are relatively standard in the industry. Other containments may alter these properties based on the particular application. The outer structural layer 112 may have a similar structural integrity and rigidity as an aluminum can or a plastic bottle.

[0061] The central carrier layer 114 may be constructed of a biodegradable polymer, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or a mixture of thereof. The central carrier layer 114 may be constructed of a degradable polymer or non-polymer material or other similar material. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 may be constructed of biopolymer, such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof. The central carrier layer 114 may include a biopolymer dispersed in a solvent. The solvent may include dichloromethane (DCM), dichlorodimethylsilane (DCMS), hydrofluoroether, or a mixture of two or more thereof. The biopolymer and solvent may be present in the central carrier layer 114 in varying concentrations to achieve the desired properties. The central carrier layer 114 may be sprayed onto an interior surface of the outer structural layer 112, applied as a film to an interior surface of the outer structural layer 112 in a layering process, or coated onto an interior surface of the outer structural layer 112 in a bathing process. The central carrier layer 114 may be liquid impermeable, whereas the outer structural layer 112 may be subject to at least some permeability. However, depending on the particular biopolymer utilized for the central carrier layer 114, degradation of the central carrier layer 114 may occur relatively quickly.

[0062] The interior nanomaterial layer 116 may be constructed of a nanomaterial, such as silicon dioxide nanomaterial, zinc oxide nanomaterial, or a mixture thereof. In embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may be sprayed onto an interior surface of the central carrier layer 114. In embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may be layered upon the central carrier layer 114. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 may include a biopolymer as described above and the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may include a nanomaterial as described above. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 may include a biopolymer and a solvent as described above and the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may include a nanomaterial as described above. In some embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 and the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may be included a combined layer, such as a pre-layered film or a liquid mixture, and applied to the outer structural layer 112 in a single application. A pre-layered film including the central carrier layer 114 and the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may be applied to an interior surface of the outer structural layer 112. A liquid mixture may include the nanomaterial mixed in liquid form with the biopolymer and applied to the outer structural layer 112. The pre-layered film or liquid mixture may include a biopolymer, a solvent, and a nanomaterial as described above. The biopolymer, solvent, and nanomaterials may be present in the pre-layered film or liquid mixture in varying concentrations to achieve the desired properties. In some embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer 116 and/or the central carrier layer 114 may cast and/or cured to the outer structural layer 112 and/or each other through the application of an energy source, such as heat or electricity, to cause either or both the interior nanomaterial layer and/or the central carrier layer to briefly liquefy over the surface of the outer structural layer 112 before hardening due to cooling and/or the withdrawal of the applied energy. In some embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer 116 and/or the central carrier layer 114 are heat sealed/welded/thermo-adhered to the outer structural layer 112.

[0063] The nanoparticle structures (i.e., silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, or a combination thereof) of the interior nanomaterial layer 116 according to embodiments described herein may have properties that may not be present in conventional oxide coatings (e.g., ceramic silicon oxide, zinc oxide, or other metal oxide coatings). For example, in embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may be biodegradeable. In some embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may increase water, temperature, and alkali resistance of the overlying central carrier layer 114. In other embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may increase the gas barrier properties (e.g., carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor, etc.) of the overlying central carrier layer 114. In some embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may increase the shelf life of the containment 110 by providing an additional protective layer to the overlying central carrier layer 114, such as by insulating the central carrier layer 114 from contents contained in the containment 110. Similarly, in other embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may provide ultraviolet light protection to the overlying central carrier layer 114. In some embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may be pressure wash resistant during containment cleaning or filling. In other embodiments, the nanoparticle structures may exhibit hydrophobic and/or super hydrophobic properties, such as anti-static (i.e., resist dust and dirt depositing on the surface). Hydrophobic layers may also be self-cleaning. Since liquids do not adhere to a hydrophobic surface, almost all of the contents of a containment 110 having an interior nanomaterial layer 116 may empty out of the containment 110. In some embodiments, zinc oxide nanomaterial may be antibacterial (i.e., selective toxicity to bacteria). In other embodiments, the interior nanomaterial layer 116 may not be visible.

[0064] In some embodiments, the outer structural layer 112 may have a texture that does not easily allow application of a nanomaterial directly onto the outer structural layer 112. However, introduction of the biopolymer allows both adhesion between the interior nanomaterial layer 116 and the outer structural layer 112, as well as longer shelf life that might not be available if only the biopolymer was used.

[0065] It should be understood that in embodiments, the containment 110 may include a structural layer 112 and a carrier layer 114, but lack a nanomaterial layer 116. In some embodiments, the containment 110 may include a structural layer 112 and a nanomaterial layer 116, but lack a carrier layer 114. In still some embodiments, the containment 110 may include a carrier layer 114 and a nanomaterial layer 115, but lack a structural layer 112. It should also be understood that in embodiments, the containment 110 may include a structural layer 112 in contact with a nanomaterial layer 116. In further embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 may overlay the interior nanomaterial layer 116. In further embodiments, the central carrier layer 114 and/or the interior nanomaterial layer 116 are heat sealed to the outer structural layer 112.

[0066] Referring now to FIGS. 5-7, a collapsible core 120 may be utilized to form an outer structural layer of a containment according to embodiments described herein. The collapsible core 120 enables the formation of an outer structural layer as a single, unitary piece. The collapsible core 120 may include a screen material 122 or other configuration. During manufacturing, pulp material of the outer structural layer is on the outside of the screen material 122. Vacuum or mechanical pressure may be inserted onto the inside of the collapsible core 120 to cause the fully extended collapsible core 120 as shown in FIG. 6 to collapse as shown in FIG. 7 to enable removal of the collapsible core 120 from the outer structural layer after the outer structural layer is formed.

[0067] FIGS. 8 and 9 depict the collapsible core 120 in additional detail according to embodiments described herein. As illustrated, a cylinder 124 may include a plurality of leaves 124a, 124b, 124c, 124d, which may expand or retract to define the desired containment size and/or shape. Once the size of the cylinder 124 is defined, the collapsible core 120 may be expanded to create the desired thickness of the pulp material for the outer structural layer of the containment. The pulp material is then placed between the cylinder 124 and the collapsible core 120. Upon setting the pulp material, the collapsible core 120 may be collapsed and removed to allow the pulp material to cure.

[0068] It should be understood that embodiments may be configured such that, while the collapsible core 120 may be fully collapsed and removed from the cylinder 124 upon setting the pulp material, this is one example. In embodiments, the collapsible core 120 may collapse slightly, such that when the pulp material contracts during curing, the pulp material maintains the desired size and shape for the containment. In embodiments, more than one collapsible core 120 may be used to form the outer structural layer.

[0069] Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 11, another exemplary multi-layered containment according to embodiments described herein is shown at 210. As illustrated, the containment 210 may take the form of a necked bottle. The containment 210 may be constructed of two halves, as described above. In some embodiments, the two halves may be separate pieces, while some embodiments may be constructed as a single piece that is folded over and sealed at the remaining portions of the periphery. Regardless, the outer structural layer 212 may have two mirror image halves 212a, 212b that are pieced together during production. In post-assembly processing embodiments, after piecing the two mirror image halves 212a, 212b of the outer structural layer 212 together, a central carrier layer 214 and an interior nanomaterial layer 216 may be applied to an interior surface of the outer structural layer 212. As discussed above, the central carrier layer 214 may be applied directly to the outer structural layer 212. As also discussed above, the interior nanomaterial layer 216 may be applied directly to the outer structural layer 212. As also discussed above, the interior nanomaterial layer 216 and/or the central carrier layer 214 may be heat sealed to the outer structural layer 212. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 214 and/or the interior nanomaterial layer 216 may be applied as a combined film or liquid mixture to the outer structural layer 212.

[0070] Referring now to FIGS. 12-14, another embodiment of the multi-layered containment of FIG. 10 according to embodiments described herein is shown at 310. In embodiments, two mirror halves 312a, 312b of an outer structural layer 312 of a containment 310 may each have at least one flange 320 that may be utilized to further secure a central carrier layer 314 and/or interior nanomaterial layer 316. Specifically, when the two mirror halves 312a, 312b are sealed together as illustrated in FIG. 14, the at least one flange 320 of each of the mirror halves 312a, 312b may align to provide additional surface area to seal the three layers 312, 314, 316 together. The central carrier layer 314 and/or interior nanomaterial layer 316 may extend onto the at least one flange 320 of each of the mirror halves 312a, 312b of the outer structural layer 312 and act as an adhesive to seal the three layers 312, 314, 316 together, eliminating the need for an additional adhesive or fastener. Sealing may be performed using any suitable techniques depending on the materials used for the three layers 312, 314, 316, such as by employing heat, pressure, and/or radio frequency energy as well as sufficient time.

[0071] Referring now to FIGS. 15 and 16, in embodiments, a central carrier layer 414 and an interior nanomaterial layer 416 may be used to cover at least a portion of an exterior surface of the outer structural layer 412 of the containment 410. As described above, the central carrier layer 414 and the interior nanomaterial layer 416 may be sprayed on, layered, and/or otherwise adhered to the outer structural layer 412. As shown, the central carrier layer 414 and the interior nanomaterial layer 416 may extend from a cavity of the containment 410, wrap around the outer structural layer 412 at a lid receiving portion 422 of the containment 410, and continue on to cover at least a portion of an exterior surface of outer structural layer 412 of the containment 410. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 414 and/or the interior nanomaterial layer 416 may cover a substantial portion or the entire exterior surface of the containment 410. Additionally, embodiments may only cover the lid receiving portion 422 or other sub-region of the containment 410. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 414 and/or the interior nanomaterial layer 416 may, upon curing or drying, shrink and wrap around the outer structural layer 412 at the lid receiving portion 422 of the containment 410. In embodiments, the central carrier layer 414 and/or the interior nanomaterial layer 416 may be removably secured to the external surface of the containment 410. In examples where permanent adhesion to the exterior surface of the containment 410 is not a priority, embodiments may or may not utilize both the central carrier layer 414 and the interior nanomaterial layer 416. Specifically, as one function of the biopolymer is adhesion, embodiments may not utilize the central carrier layer 414. Similarly, in those embodiments where shelf life is acceptable using only the biopolymer, those embodiments may not utilize the interior nanomaterial layer 416.

[0072] As illustrated, the interior nanomaterial layer 416 may be exposed and thus may line the lid receiving portion 422 of the containment 410. The lid receiving portion 422 may include a threaded configuration or other configuration for receiving and removably securing a lid 424. Having the interior nanomaterial layer 416 exposed allows a lid 424 with another liquid impermeable material (or the same material) to contact the interior nanomaterial layer 416, thereby creating a liquid tight seal. As also contemplated herein, the central carrier layer 414 may be exposed and thus line the lid receiving portion 422 of the containment 410.

[0073] Referring now to FIG. 17, an exemplary interchangeable package component according to embodiments described herein is shown. The modular containment neck 530 may be made of a biodegradable polymer such as polypropylene, high density polyethylene, biopolymer (including polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, lignin, or a mixture of two or more thereof) or a mixture thereof. The modular containment neck 530 may be made of a biodegradable non-polymer or the like. The modular containment neck 530 may be inserted into a top portion of a previously formed containment 510. The modular containment neck 530 may be formed to enable use with differently sized and shaped containments. For example, some embodiments may be configured such that the modular containment neck 530 is manufactured for various types of containments at a reduced cost. In these embodiments, the modular containment neck 530 may allow a manufacturer to delay making a decision about what type of containment to produce based on consumer demand. In some embodiments, a modular containment neck 530 may enable a user to replace or switch out a first lid (or first modular portion) for a second lid (or second modular portion) depending on the desired function of the containment 510. As shown, in embodiments, a first portion of the modular containment neck 530 may extend into the containment 510 and a second portion of the modular containment neck 530 may remain outside the containment 510. In embodiments, the entire modular containment neck 530 may be located inside the containment 510. The containment 510 may be constructed to include at least one tab 526 that matches up with at least one tab 532 from the modular containment neck 530 to secure the modular containment neck 530 in place. The modular containment neck 530 may include a standard screw-top configuration or other configuration that allows sealing of the fluid inside the containment 510, both between a lid 524 and the modular containment neck 530 and between the containment 510 and the modular containment neck 530.

[0074] It should be understood that tabs 526 and tabs 532 maybe configured as a solitary section of material that extends from an edge of the bottle. However, some embodiments may be configured such that the tabs 526 and/or tabs 532 are configured to extend along a larger portion (or the entirety) of a side of the containment 510.

[0075] Referring now to FIGS. 18-20, another exemplary modular containment neck according to embodiments described herein is shown at 630. The modular containment neck 630 may include a securing flange 634 that secures the modular containment neck 630 to a containment 610. In embodiments, the containment 610 may be constructed with two halves 610a, 610b secured together. The modular containment neck 630 may be inserted between the two halves 610a, 610b, thus being secured when the two halves 610a, 610b are secured together as illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20. The modular containment neck 630 may include a peel-off 636 and/or threaded 638 portion, to which a lid 624 may be removably secured.

[0076] Referring now to FIG. 21, another exemplary modular containment neck according to embodiments described herein is shown at 730. The modular containment neck 730 may be smaller than and/or trimmed down from the modular containment neck 530 in FIG. 17. The modular containment neck 730 may include foil laminated stock 740 as illustrated in FIG. 22, a snap on lid 742 as illustrated in FIG. 23, and a threaded lid 744 as illustrated in FIG. 24. An edge of the containment 710 at a neck 710a may receive the closure 740, 742, 744, which may be made of pulp or may include a second layer of material applied to the pulp or may be an inserted component added to the pulp. The closures 740, 742, 744 may be made of biodegradable and/or non-biodegradable materials. Additionally, the closures 740, 742, 744 may be a flap of pulp hinged from the containment 710.

[0077] Referring now to FIGS. 25-30, an exemplary lid according to embodiments described herein is shown. The electronic display lid 824 includes a pulp material layer 824a, a magnetic and/or conductive material layer 824b, and a circuitry layer 824c. The circuitry layer 824c may include tone technology or other circuitry, an illuminated readout screen, a power supply, temperature gauge, positioning system, etc., depending on the embodiment. Accordingly, embodiments may be configured such that the containment 810 includes a receiving section 850. When the electronic display lid 824 is removed and placed in the receiving section 850, this may complete the circuit to illuminate the display 824d. The receiving section 850 may also include a magnet or other adhesive to allow the electronic display lid 824 to be removably secured to the receiving section 850. The display 824d may provide information, such as results of a sweepstakes, product information, commercials, etc.

[0078] It should be understood that embodiments may include a power supply in the electronic display lid 824, such that attaching the electronic display lid 824 to the receiving section 850 is not necessary. As an example, once the electronic display lid 824 is removed, a circuit may be completed, thereby allowing power to be applied to the circuitry and/or display. Thus, once opened, the display may show the desired information.

[0079] Similarly, embodiments may be provided to output an inaudible tone that may be perceptible to a mobile device or other computing device. The inaudible tone may activate advertisements on the mobile device, and/or perform other functions.

[0080] Referring now to FIGS. 31-33, another exemplary lid according to embodiments described herein is shown. As illustrated, a containment 910 may include a magnetic lid 924. The containment 910 may also include a magnetic receiving section 950, which may include a magnet and be shaped or otherwise configured to receive the magnetic lid 924. It should be understood that other adhesives could be used as well, including glue, Velcro, clasps, etc.

[0081] Referring now to FIG. 34, another exemplary containment according to the embodiments described herein is shown. A squeezable bottle pump containment 1010 may include an opening 1060 for receiving a pump actuator 1062 from an air pouch 1064. The air pouch 1064 may be formed as described above and/or via other mechanisms. The pump actuator 1062 may be configured to mechanically force air from the air pouch 1064 into a nozzle 1066.

[0082] Referring now to FIGS. 35-37, another embodiment of the multi-layered containment of FIG. 10 according to embodiments described herein is shown at 310. In embodiments, two mirror halves 312a, 312b of an outer structural layer of a containment 310 may each have at least one flange 320 that may be adhered together through an applied biopolymer layer 330. Specifically, when the two mirror halves 312a, 312b are sealed together as illustrated in FIG. 37, the at least one flange 320 of each of the mirror halves 312a, 312b may align to provide additional surface area upon which applied biopolymer can adhere the two together, with the biopolymer acting as an adhesive, eliminating the need for an additional adhesive or fastener. Sealing may be performed using any suitable techniques depending on the materials used, such as by employing heat, pressure, or radio frequency energy.

EXAMPLES

[0083] Table 1 below shows example carrier layer compositions. Table 2 below shows example compositions used to form the carrier layer and the nanomaterial layer or a pre-layered film or liquid mixture including the carrier and nanomaterial layers.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Ex. Biopolymer Solvent 1 PHA DCM 2 PBS DCM 3 lignin DCM 4 PHA and PBS DCM 5 PHA and lignin DCM 6 PBS and lignin DCM 7 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM 8 PHA DCMS 9 PBS DCMS 10 lignin DCMS 11 PHA and PBS DCMS 12 PHA and lignin DCMS 13 PBS and lignin DCMS 14 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS 15 PHA hydrofluoroether 16 PBS hydrofluoroether 17 lignin hydrofluoroether 18 PHA and PBS hydrofluoroether 19 PHA and lignin hydrofluoroether 20 PBS and lignin hydrofluoroether 21 PHA, PBS, and lignin hydrofluoroether 22 PHA DCM and DCMS 23 PBS DCM and DCMS 24 lignin DCM and DCMS 25 PHA and PBS DCM and DCMS 26 PHA and lignin DCM and DCMS 27 PBS and lignin DCM and DCMS 28 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and DCMS 29 PHA DCM and hydrofluoroether 30 PBS DCM and hydrofluoroether 31 lignin DCM and hydrofluoroether 32 PHA and PBS DCM and hydrofluoroether 33 PHA and lignin DCM and hydrofluoroether 34 PBS and lignin DCM and hydrofluoroether 35 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and hydrofluoroether 36 PHA DCMS and hydrofluoroether 37 PBS DCMS and hydrofluoroether 38 lignin DCMS and hydrofluoroether 39 PHA and PBS DCMS and hydrofluoroether 40 PHA and lignin DCMS and hydrofluoroether 41 PBS and lignin DCMS and hydrofluoroether 42 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS and hydrofluoroether 43 PHA DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 44 PBS DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 45 lignin DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 46 PHA and PBS DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 47 PHA and lignin DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 48 PBS and lignin DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 49 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM, DCMS, and hydrofluoroether 50 PHA NONE 51 PBS NONE 52 lignin NONE 53 PHA and PBS NONE 54 PHA and lignin NONE 55 PBS and lignin NONE 56 PHA, PBS, and lignin NONE

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Ex. Biopolymer Solvent Nanoparticles 58 PHA DCMS silicon dioxide 59 PHA DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 60 PBS DCMS silicon dioxide 61 PBS DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 62 lignin DCMS silicon dioxide 63 lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 64 PHA and PBS DCMS silicon dioxide 65 PHA and PBS DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 66 PHA and lignin DCMS silicon dioxide 67 PHA and lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 68 PBS and lignin DCMS silicon dioxide 69 PBS and lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 70 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS silicon dioxide 71 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide 72 PHA DCMS zinc oxide 73 PHA DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 74 PBS DCMS zinc oxide 75 PBS DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 76 lignin DCMS zinc oxide 77 lignin DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 78 PHA and PBS DCMS zinc oxide 79 PHA and PBS DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 80 PHA and lignin DCMS zinc oxide 81 PHA and lignin DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 82 PBS and lignin DCMS zinc oxide 83 PBS and lignin DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 84 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS zinc oxide 85 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and DCMS zinc oxide 86 PHA DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 87 PHA DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 88 PBS DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 89 PBS DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 90 lignin DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 91 lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 92 PHA and PBS DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 93 PHA and PBS DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 94 PHA and lignin DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 95 PHA and lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 96 PBS and lignin DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 97 PBS and lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 98 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 99 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and DCMS silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 100 PHA hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 101 PBS hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 102 lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 103 PHA and PBS hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 104 PHA and lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 105 PBS and lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 106 PHA, PBS, and lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide 107 PHA hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 108 PBS hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 109 lignin hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 110 PHA and PBS hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 111 PHA and lignin hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 112 PBS and lignin hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 113 PHA, PBS, and lignin hydrofluoroether zinc oxide 114 PHA hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 115 PBS hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 116 lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 117 PHA and PBS hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 118 PHA and lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 119 PBS and lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 120 PHA, PBS, and lignin hydrofluoroether silicon dioxide and zinc oxide 121 PHA DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 122 PBS DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 123 lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 124 PHA and PBS DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 125 PHA and lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 126 PBS and lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 127 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 128 PHA DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 129 PBS DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 130 lignin DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 131 PHA and PBS DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 132 PHA and lignin DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 133 PBS and lignin DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 134 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 135 PHA DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 136 PBS DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 137 lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 138 PHA and PBS DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 139 PHA and lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 140 PBS and lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 141 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 142 PHA DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 143 PBS DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 144 lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 145 PHA and PBS DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 146 PHA and lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 147 PBS and lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 148 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether 149 PHA DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 150 PBS DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 151 lignin DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 152 PHA and PBS DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 153 PHA and lignin DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 154 PBS and lignin DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 155 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS and zinc oxide hydrofluoroether 156 PHA DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 157 PBS DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 158 lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 159 PHA and PBS DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 160 PHA and lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 161 PBS and lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 162 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCMS and silicon dioxide hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 163 PHA DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 164 PBS DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 165 lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 166 PHA and PBS DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 167 PHA and lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 168 PBS and lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 169 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether 170 PHA DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 171 PBS DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 172 lignin DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 173 PHA and PBS DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 174 PHA and lignin DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 175 PBS and lignin DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 176 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM, DCMS, zinc oxide and hydrofluoroether 177 PHA DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 178 PBS DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 179 lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 180 PHA and PBS DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 181 PHA and lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 182 PBS and lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide 183 PHA, PBS, and lignin DCM, DCMS, silicon dioxide and hydrofluoroether and zinc oxide

[0084] As illustrated above, various embodiments of features for a degradable containment are disclosed. While particular embodiments and aspects of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described herein, various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Moreover, although various aspects have been described herein, such aspects need not be utilized in combination. Accordingly, it is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of the embodiments shown and described herein.

[0085] It should now be understood that embodiments disclosed herein include systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable mediums for providing degradable containment features. It should also be understood that these embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.