Method for determining the consumption of at least one substance

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for determining a starting amount of a first substance which is required for providing a predeterminable number of samples in a liquid handling process. Also disclosed is a corresponding computer program and a corresponding computer program product. The liquid handling process is described through at least one work step, taking into account at least one secondary condition. An estimated value for the starting amount of the first substance is determined. A simulation of the at least one work step is then performed. A new estimated value for the starting amount is determined and the simulation is repeated if the prior simulation could not be completed or an actual value ascertained in the simulation deviates from the estimated value by more than a predeterminable tolerance. Otherwise, the actual value ascertained on the basis of the simulation is the starting amount of the first substance.

Claims

1. A method for providing a predeterminable number of samples of a first substance in a liquid handling process, the method comprising: describing the liquid handling process through at least one work step; taking into account at least one secondary condition for the at least one work step; determining an estimated value for a first starting amount of the first substance; performing a simulation of the at least one work step of the liquid handling process on the basis of the estimated value and the at least one secondary condition; determining a new estimated value for the first starting amount and re-performing the simulation of the at least one work step using the new estimated value when the simulation cannot be completed or when a deviation of an actual value ascertained on the basis of the simulation for the first starting amount of the first substance from the estimated value for the first starting amount of the first substance falls below or exceeds a predeterminable tolerance range, or outputting the actual value ascertained on the basis of the simulation as the first starting amount of the first substance; and providing the first starting amount of the first substance; and providing the predeterminable number of samples of the first substance from the first starting amount of the first substance.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a first work step of the at least one work step includes a transfer of a first partial amount of the first substance from a first reservoir into an intermediate reservoir or into a sample container for receiving one of the predeterminable number of samples.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a second work step of the at least one work step includes a transfer of a second partial amount of a second substance from a second reservoir into an intermediate reservoir or into a sample container for receiving one of the predeterminable number of samples, the method further comprising: determining a second starting amount of the second substance which is required for providing the predeterminable number of samples; providing the second starting amount of the second substance; and transferring the second partial amount of the second substance from the second reservoir into the intermediate reservoir or into the sample container for receiving one of the predeterminable number of samples.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the estimated value for the first starting amount of the first substance which is required for providing the predeterminable number of samples is ascertained, taking into account a correction factor, or taking into account at least one dead, residual, or maximum volume of at least one reservoir, intermediate reservoir, and/or container used.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein, in the event that a simulation cannot be completed, it is ascertained for which substance and/or for which intermediate too small a starting amount was provided.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the new estimated value for the starting amount in the respective reservoir and/or intermediate reservoir is increased for the substance and/or for the intermediate for which too small a starting amount was provided, and/or wherein a further reservoir and/or intermediate reservoir with the substance and/or the intermediate is provided.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the estimated value for the starting amount of the substance and/or the intermediate is reduced in the event that an actual value ascertained by means of a simulation for a starting amount of a substance and/or an intermediate is less/greater than the respective estimated value for the starting amount of the substance and/or of the intermediate.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a third work step of the at least one work step includes a transfer of a first partial amount of the first substance and a transfer of a second partial amount of a second substance from at least one first and at least one second reservoir to produce a first intermediate in at least one first intermediate reservoir, the method further comprising: determining a first and/or second starting amount of the first and/or second substance for producing a predeterminable amount of the intermediate and/or a first and/or a second starting amount of the first and/or the second substance which is required for providing the predetermined number of samples.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a fourth work step of the at least one work step including a transfer of a partial amount of the first intermediate from the first intermediate reservoir into a second intermediate reservoir or a sample container for receiving one of the predeterminable number of samples, the method further comprising: ascertaining a first starting amount of the first intermediate which is required for providing the predeterminable number of samples.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein at least one transfer of at least one substance or of at least one intermediate is performed with a pipetting process with at least one pipetting tool.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: selecting a number of pipetting channels of the pipetting tool as a function of the number of samples to be produced.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: ascertaining a number of pipette tips which are required for providing the predeterminable number of samples.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the liquid handling process further includes returning at least a portion of at least one substance or one intermediate in the form of a blowout volume into the respective reservoir or the intermediate reservoir for the respective substance or the respective intermediate during a pipetting process, or wherein the blowout volume is discharged into a waste container, and wherein the blowout volume is taken into account when ascertaining the estimated value for the respective starting amount of the substance or the intermediate.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one secondary condition of the at least one work step is a dead volume, a residual volume, or a maximum volume of a reservoir, an intermediate reservoir, and/or a container, a parameter of at least one pipetting tool used, including, a minimum or maximum working volume of a pipette tip or a blowout volume, a parameter of at least one pipetting method used, a specification with regard to a mechanical working range of at least one pipetting tool used, or information regarding an arrangement and/or number of the samples.

15. A computer program product with a computer program and at least one computer-readable non-transitory medium on which at least the computer program is at least partially stored, wherein the computer program is embodied to: describe the liquid handling process through at least one work step; take into account at least one secondary condition for the at least one work step; determine an estimated value for the first starting amount of the first substance; perform a simulation of the at least one work step of the liquid handling process on the basis of the estimated value and the at least one secondary condition; and determine a new estimated value for the first starting amount and re-perform the simulation of the at least one work step using the new estimated value when the simulation cannot be completed or when a deviation of an actual value ascertained on the basis of the simulation for the first starting amount of the first substance from the estimated value for the first starting amount of the first substance falls below or exceeds a predeterminable tolerance range, or output the actual value ascertained on the basis of the simulation as the first starting amount of the first substance.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present disclosure is explained in greater detail with reference to the following figures. These show:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic depiction of a work step of a liquid handling process;

(3) FIG. 1a shows schematically a pipetting tool used in the liquid handling process;

(4) FIG. 1b shows schematically a reservoir used in the liquid handling process;

(5) FIG. 1c shows schematically sample containers used in the liquid handling process;

(6) FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart for the method according to the present disclosure;

(7) FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure with regard to a first liquid handling process;

(8) FIG. 3a shows schematically a pipetting tool used in the liquid handling process;

(9) FIG. 3b shows schematically sample containers used in the liquid handling process;

(10) FIGS. 3c-3d show schematically the liquid reservoirs during the performance of the simulation;

(11) FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure with regard to a second liquid handling process; and

(12) FIG. 4a shows schematically a pipetting tool used in the liquid handling process;

(13) FIG. 4b shows schematically sample containers used in the liquid handling process;

(14) FIGS. 4c-4d show schematically the liquid reservoirs during the performance of the simulation;

(15) FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure with regard to a third liquid handling process.

(16) FIG. 5a shows schematically a pipetting tool used in the liquid handling process;

(17) FIG. 5b shows schematically sample containers used in the liquid handling process; and

(18) FIGS. 5c-5h show schematically the liquid reservoirs during the performance of the simulation.

(19) In the figures, identical elements are each provided with the same reference symbols.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(20) FIG. 1 illustrates a work step A of a liquid handling process. A starting amount M of a substance S is contained in a reservoir 1. The reservoir 1 has a dead volume VT and a maximum volume Vmax. These two volumes represent relevant secondary conditions N1 and N2 for the liquid handling process.

(21) The dead volume VT is a volume which cannot be used/processed due to the geometry of the reservoir 1 containing the substance S or other process-related causes. Thus, for example, in the case of a flat bottom surface of the reservoir 1, the entire amount M of the substance S contained cannot readily be received by a pipetting tool 2. Rather, a portion of the substance S will always remain in the reservoir 1 due to adhesion and other physical effects, for example.

(22) The maximum volume Vmax in turn indicates the maximum capacity of the reservoir 1. If a larger amount M of the respective substance S is required for a process, a plurality of reservoirs 1 must be used, for example.

(23) In the work step A shown, a partial amount T of the substance S is to be transferred into each of the sample containers P1-PN, which are all arranged on a sample carrier 5. The sample carrier 5 is, for example, a microtiter plate. However, it is in no way imperative that all samples are arranged on a single sample carrier 5. The samples can, for example, also each be arranged separately from one another in different containers.

(24) The transfer of the partial amounts T of the substance S for providing the individual samples P1-PN takes place by means of the pipetting tool 2. The pipetting tool 2 has three pipetting channels 3a-3c with three pipette tips 4a-4c. The working volume Va and the blowout volume VBO, for example, can be considered as secondary conditions N3 and N4 for the pipetting tool 2.

(25) The working volume Va is a measure for the fluid that can be received in each pipetting channel. On the other hand, a partial step of a pipetting process in which an additional volume is dispensed at the completion of a pipetting process is referred to as blowout. The dispensing can take place into a reservoir 1 or into a waste container [not shown]. The dispensed volume, which is referred to as blowout volume VBO, can consist of both the substance S and of air. After a blowout has been performed, no more substance S is present in the pipette tip.

(26) A wide variety of pipetting methods can be used to transfer the substance S. For example, the pipetting process can be performed by means of what is called the single-dispensing method. In this method, a predetermined volume of a liquid is transferred with the aid of a pipette from a reservoir 1 into a target container [for example P1-PN here]. For this purpose, the volume to be transferred, a partial amount T of the substance S, is first received in the reservoir 1 by the pipette. This partial amount T is then dispensed again by the pipette into the target container P. A blowout can take place in addition to this dispensing.

(27) In the multi-dispensing method, on the other hand, a multiple of the partial amount T of the substance S can be received from the reservoir 1 by a pipette or a pipetting channel of a pipetting tool and transferred into the respective target container P1-PN. A fixed volume is typically received in addition to the volume to be transferred. The cycle of receiving and dispensing a multiple of the partial amount T to be transferred can be repeated several times, wherein no further fixed volume has to be received for the repetitions. At the end of the transfer, the fixed volume can either be dispensed within the framework of a blowout back into the reservoir 1 or into a waste container.

(28) In the multi-aspirate method, in turn, partial amounts T are successively received from different reservoirs 1 and then dispensed together into a single target container P. The different partial amounts T can be different substances S. It is optionally possible to receive air in each case between the receiving of two different partial amounts T in order to separate each of the different substances S. At the end of a transfer, a blowout can also be additionally performed in this case.

(29) As already explained, in the field of liquid handling, the substances used are often costly and/or only available to a limited extent. Due to inter alia the numerous secondary conditions likewise already described, an accurate prediction of the consumption of the individual substances S is generally a complex endeavor in which the achievable accuracy frequently depends not least on the experience of the respective user. This problem is addressed by the present disclosure by providing a method for predicting the consumption of at least one substance. Using the method according to the present disclosure, consumptions can be predicted with high accuracy in an amount-optimized manner independently of the respective method.

(30) A typical method sequence is schematically outlined in FIG. 2. First, the respective liquid handling process is described through at least one work step A. The process must implicitly or explicitly contain a definition of the formulation(s) to be implemented, which can be processed in one or more work steps A. In addition, further existing information is compiled, for example about the equipment used in each case, for example reservoirs 1 and pipetting tools 2. Such information is known per se and is taken into account according to the present disclosure in the form of at least one secondary condition N.

(31) For the respective equipment, sufficiently accurate descriptions, for example, should be present with regard to the respective geometries, for example. For example, maximum volumes Vmax and/or dead volumes VT of the reservoirs 1 and/or working volumes VA and/or blowout volumes VBO of the pipetting tool(s) 2 should be known.

(32) Furthermore, the relevant partial amounts T to be respectively transferred, or the partial volumes to be transferred, should be known sufficiently accurately. These can be ascertained in a first step on the basis of the predeterminable number of samples and/or the respective formulation. A net transfer volume of the substances S to be used in each case can also be determined in a similar manner.

(33) Beyond the actual net transfer volume, however, further process-relevant volumes, such as blowout volumes VBO, overstroke volumes, or residual volumes, are to be taken into account. A residual volume is, for example, a volume of a substance S remaining in a reservoir 1 which is not to be further used/processed in the respective liquid handling process. A residual volume can be defined, for example, in deviation from the dead volume VT in order to achieve higher process reliability.

(34) In addition, it may be advisable to estimate and take into account unintentional but nevertheless transferred secondary volumes, such as residues adhering to surfaces of the pipetting tool 2. Such secondary volumes can be added proportionately as a function of the net transfer volume and/or an immersion depth of the pipetting tool 2, especially, of the pipette tip 4, for example.

(35) First, a first estimated value X1 for the starting amount M of the substance A is determined on the basis of the existing information. Then, a simulation SIM of at least one work step A of the liquid handling process is performed in which the estimated value X1 and the at least one secondary condition N are taken into account. An attempt is made on the basis of the simulation to ascertain an actual value X1ist for the starting amount M.

(36) If the simulation SIM cannot be completed, i.e., if no actual value X1ist can be determined, a new, second estimated value X2 for the starting amount M of the substance S is determined and the simulation SIM is performed again on the basis of the new estimated value X2. One reason that the simulation cannot be completed is that the starting amount M of one of the substances S used was too small. In this case, a value which is greater than the first estimated value X1 (X2>X1) is selected for the new estimated value M2.

(37) If an actual value X1ist could be determined, a comparison of the actual value X1ist with the estimated value X1 is performed. If the difference between the actual value X1ist and the estimated value X1 is outside of a predeterminable tolerance range T, a new estimated value X2 is likewise determined which is larger or smaller than the previous estimated value X1, and the simulation is likewise performed again on the basis of the new, second estimated value X2.

(38) On the other hand, if the difference between the actual value X1ist and the estimated value X1 is within the predeterminable tolerance range T, the current estimated value is outputted as the starting amount M for the substance S.

(39) FIGS. 3-5 each show a possible embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure for three different, likewise exemplary liquid handling processes.

(40) The liquid handling process illustrated in FIG. 3 comprises a work step A which includes a transfer of a partial amount T of 200 L of the substance S into the sample containers P1-PN. The transfer takes place using a pipetting tool 2 with eight pipetting channels 3 and using a pipetting tool 2 with a single pipetting channel 3, as shown in FIG. 3a. The multi-dispensing method is used as the pipetting method. The pipette tips 4 each have a working volume Va=1,000 L. The blowout volume is VBO=50 L and takes place into a waste container.

(41) Overall, it is assumed for this example that 100 samples are to be provided (FIG. 3b). Accordingly, four times the partial amount T=200 L plus the blowout volume VBO can be transferred in each pipetting channel 3.

(42) For the work step A, two reservoirs 1a and 1b with a capacity of 150,000 L and a dead volume of VT=275.0 L are used. In the case of such a selection of the reservoirs 1a and 1b, it already results from an estimation of the net transfer volume that two reservoirs 1a and 1b are required.

(43) As the first estimated value X1, it is assumed that both reservoirs are filled completely. Accordingly, the starting amount M is M=Ma+Mb=150,000 L+150,000 L=X1a+X1b=X1, as shown in FIG. 3c. The simulation SIM is then performed on the basis of the estimated value X1 and the secondary conditions N: 1. Transfer of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1a, 2. Transfer of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1a, 3. Transfer of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1b, and 4. Transfer of 14200.0 L+VBO=150.0 L from reservoir 1a.

(44) After step 2, the residual volume remaining in the reservoir S1 is too small for a further receiving of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1a, for which reason reservoirs 1b are used. In the fourth step, furthermore, only one pipetting channel 3 is still required to provide the total of 100 samples.

(45) As the actual value X1ist for the starting amount M of the substance S, the following results on the basis of the first simulation SIM: X1ist=X1aist+X1bist=14,450.0 L+6,800.0 L. The estimated value X1 is accordingly greater than the actual value X1ist. Therefore, a new estimated value X2<X1 is determined, where X2=X2a+X2b=14,450.0 L+6,800.0 L, cf. FIG. 3d. The simulation SIM is then performed again on the basis of the new estimated value X2: 1. Transfer of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1a, 2. Transfer of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1a, 3. Transfer of 84200.0 L+VBO=850.0 L from reservoir 1b, and 4. Transfer of 14200.0 L+VBO=150.0 L from reservoir 1a.

(46) As the actual value X2ist for the starting amount M of the substance S, the following results on the basis of the second simulation SIM: X2ist=X2aist+X2bist=14,450.0 L+6,800.0 L. The estimated value X2 is the same as the actual value X2ist. Thus, the difference between the new estimated value X2 and the corresponding actual value X2ist is within a tolerance range, and the new, or second, estimated value X2 is outputted the starting amount M of the substance.

(47) The liquid handling process illustrated in FIG. 4 comprises a transfer of two different partial amounts T1 and T2 of two different substances S1 and S2 into the sample containers P1-PN. The method can accordingly be described with reference to two work steps A1, A2. A first work step A1 comprises the transfer of the first partial amount T1 of the first substance S1 into the sample containers P1-PN, while a second work step A2 comprises the transfer of the second partial amount T2 of the second substance S2. In the present case, it is assumed that in each case a first partial amount T1=150 L of the first substance S1 and a second partial amount T2=50 L of the second substance are to be transferred.

(48) As in the case of FIG. 3, the transfers are performed with one eight-channel and one single-channel pipetting tool 2, cf. FIG. 4a. In this case, however, the pipette tips 4 each have a working volume Va=250 L and the multi-aspirate method is used as the pipetting method.

(49) Overall, it is also assumed for this example that 100 samples are to be provided (FIG. 4b). Accordingly, a first partial amount T1 and a second partial amount T2 can be transferred in each pipetting channel 3.

(50) By using the multi-aspirate method, the first A1 and the second work step A2 are combined into a single work step. For this purpose, as in the case of FIG. 3, reservoirs 1a-1c each with a capacity of 150,000 L and a dead volume of VT=275.0 L are used. For this example as well, it already results from an estimation of the net transfer volume that two intermediate reservoirs 1a and 1b are required at least for the first intermediate ZP1. Thus, the first 1a and the second reservoir 1b contain the first substance S1 and the third reservoir 1c contains the second substance S2.

(51) As the first estimated value X1, it is again assumed that both reservoirs are filled completely. Thus, a first estimated value X1 for the starting amounts Ma-Mc can be calculated as M=Ma+Mb+Mc=+150,000 L+150,000 L+150,000 L=X1a+X1b+X1c=X1, as shown in FIG. 4c. The simulation SIM is then performed on the basis of the estimated value X1 and the secondary conditions N: 1. Receiving 8150.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a, 2. Receiving 850.0 L of the substance S2 from reservoir 1c, 3. Dispensing the reagent mixture into 8 samples, 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 11 more times, 5. Receiving 4150.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1b, 6. Receiving 450.0 L of the substance S2 from reservoir 1c, and 7. Dispensing the reagent mixture into 4 samples.

(52) For step 5, the residual volume remaining in the reservoir 1a is too small for a further receiving of 4150.0 L from reservoir 1a, for which reason reservoirs 1b are used.

(53) As the actual value X1ist for the starting amounts Ma, Mb, and Mc of the substances S1 and S2, the following results on the basis of the first simulation SIM: X1ist=X1aist+X1bist+X1cist=14,400.0 L+600.0 L+5,000.0 L. The estimated value X1 is accordingly greater than the actual value X1ist. Therefore, a new estimated value X2<X1 is determined, wherein X2=X2a+X2b+X2c=14,400.0 L+600.0 L+5,000.0 cf. FIG. 4d. The simulation SIM is then performed again on the basis of the new estimated value X2: 1. Receiving 8150.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a, 2. Receiving 850.0 L of the substance S2 from reservoir 1c, 3. Dispensing the reagent mixture into 8 samples, 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 11 more times, 5. Receiving 4150.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1b, 6. Receiving 450.0 L of the substance S2 from reservoir 1c, and 7. Dispensing the reagent mixture into 4 samples.

(54) As the actual value X2ist for the starting amounts M1a and M1b for the substance S1 and the starting amount M1c for the substance S2, the following results on the basis of the second simulation SIM: X2ist=X2aist+X2bist=14,400.0 L+600.0 L+5,000.0 L. The estimated value X2 is the same as the actual value X2ist. Thus, the difference between the new estimated value X2 and the corresponding actual value X2ist is within a tolerance range, and the new, or second, estimated value X2 is outputted the starting amount M of the substance.

(55) A third possible liquid handling process with three work steps A1-A3 is finally illustrated in FIG. 5. 100 samples are to be provided. A first partial amount T1=200 L of a first intermediate ZP1 is to be supplied to each sample. The intermediate ZP1 is composed of a further intermediate ZP2 (30%) and a substance S1 (70%). The second intermediate ZP2 in turn consists of a second substance S2 (75%) and a third substance S3 (25%). The percentages in each case relate to the proportion of the substance/intermediate S/ZP contained in each case.

(56) In the first work step A1, partial amounts T1 and T2 of the substances S2 and S3 are transferred into an intermediate reservoir 1bZ to form the intermediate ZP2. The transfer is performed by means of the single-dispensing method without blowout. The pipetting tool 2 has one channel and is used with a pipette tip 3 with a working volume Va of Va=1,000 L.

(57) In the second work step A2, partial amounts T3 and T4 of the substance S1 and the intermediate ZP2 are transferred into the intermediate reservoir 1aZ to form the intermediate ZP1. This transfer is also performed with the single-dispensing method without blowout. The pipetting tool 2 also has one channel and is used with a pipette tip 3 with a working volume Va of Va=1,000 L.

(58) In the third work step A3, a partial amount T5 of the intermediate ZP1 is lastly transferred in each case into a sample carrier (P1-PN). The transfer takes place here with one eight-channel and one single-channel pipetting tool 2 with pipette tips with a working volume Va of Va=1,000 L. The multi-dispensing method with a blowout of VBO=50 L into a waste container is used.

(59) As before, the pipetting tools 2 and the sample carrier 5 are shown in FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b. All the reservoirs 1a-1c and intermediate reservoirs 1aZ, 1bZ have a capacity of 15,000 L and a dead volume of VT=275.0 L. With a number of 100 samples, a net transfer volume of M=MZ1a+MZ1b+M1a+M1b+M1c=20,000 L+6,000 L+14,000 L+4,500 L+1,500 L thus results for the estimated value X1 of the respective starting amounts M/MZ of the substances/intermediates S/ZP. Accordingly, two intermediate reservoirs MZ1a1 and MZ1a2 are required for the first intermediate ZP1, both of which are to contain the first intermediate ZP1 in equal proportions. This starting situation is also illustrated in FIG. 5c.

(60) The dead volume VT is taken into account as a secondary condition N in each case. For the first simulation, it is furthermore assumed that the three reservoirs 1a-1c are each completely filled with the three substances S1-S3. The simulation SIM1 is then performed on the basis of the estimated value X1 and the secondary conditions N: 1. Transfer of 12T1=937.5 L (75%) of the substance S2 from reservoir 1b into the intermediate reservoir 1Zb [A1] 2. Transfer of 4T2=937.5 L (25%) of the substance S3 from reservoir 1c into the intermediate reservoir 1Zb [A1] 3. Transfer of 4T3=788.8 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir MZ1b into each of the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 and 1aZ2 [A2] 4. Transfer of 8T4=920.2 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a into each of the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 and 1aZ2 [A2] 5. Transfer of 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 into the sample containers 6. Transfer of 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ2 into the sample containers 7. Termination of the simulation SIM1

(61) The simulation SIM1 cannot be completed. Too small a starting amount MZ1a of the intermediate ZP1 was provided, or the performed division of the starting amount MZ1 between the two intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 and 1aZ2 is unfavorable since substance is only removed from a single container in each pipetting process. Therefore, for an additional simulation SIM2, the division of the first intermediate ZP1 between the two intermediate reservoirs 1aZ 1 and 1aZ2 is varied such that 3,348 L of intermediate ZP1 is supplied from the second intermediate reservoir 1aZ2 to the first intermediate reservoir 1aZ1. This results in a net transfer volume of M=MZ1a1+MZ1a2+MZ1b+M1a+M1b+M1c=13,600 L+6,884 L+6,000 L+14,000 L+4,500 L+1,500 L. The simulation SIM2 is then carried out again, as illustrated in FIG. 5d: 1. Transfer of 12T1=937.5 L (75%) of the substance S2 from reservoir 1b into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 2. Transfer of 4T2=937.5 L (25%) of the substance S3 from reservoir 1c into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 3. Transfer of 5T3=832.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 4. Transfer of 3T3=715.9 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 5. Transfer of 10T4=971.3 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 6. Transfer of 6T4=835.2 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 7. Transfer of twice 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 into the sample containers 8. Transfer of 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ2 into the sample containers 9. Termination of the simulation SIM2

(62) In the first or second intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 or 1aZ2, a volume of 850.0 L is now missing. In addition, in the second intermediate reservoir 1aZ2, a residual volume of VR=84.0 L remains. For yet another simulation SIM3, this residual volume VR is transferred into the first intermediate reservoir 1aZ1. In addition, an additional 766.0 L is added to the starting amount MZ1a1 in the first intermediate reservoir 1aZ1. This results in a net transfer volume of M=MZ1a1+MZ1a2+MZ1b+M1a+M1b+M1c=14,450 L+6,800 L+6,000 L+14,000 L+4,500 L+1,500 L, as shown in FIG. 5e. The third simulation SIM3 then proceeds as follows: 1. Transfer of 12T1=937.5 L (75%) of the substance S2 from reservoir 1b into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 2. Transfer of 4T2=937.5 L (25%) of the substance S3 from reservoir 1c into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 3. Transfer of 5T3=883.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 4. Transfer of 3T3=707.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 5. Transfer of 11T4=937.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 6. Termination of the simulation SIM3

(63) An additional 535.0 L of the first substance S1 are required. Therefore, for a fourth simulation SIM4, a further reservoir 1a is added such that substance S1 is now located in the two reservoirs 1a1 and 1a2. First, both reservoirs 1a1 and 1a2 are completely filled, as illustrated in FIG. 5f. Thus, M=MZ1a1+MZ1a2+MZ1b+M1a1+M1a2+M1b+M1c=14,450 L+6,800 L+14,725 L+14,725 L+14,725 L+14,725 L+14,725 L results for the net transfer volume, and for the fourth simulation SIM4: 1. Transfer of 12T1=937.5 L (75%) of the substance S2 from reservoir 1b into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 2. Transfer of 4T2=937.5 L (25%) of the substance S3 from reservoir 1c into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 3. Transfer of 5T3=883.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 4. Transfer of 3T3=707.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 5. Transfer of 11T4=937.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 6. Transfer of 4T4=990.5 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a1 into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 7. Transfer of 3T4=990.5 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a2 into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 8. Transfer of twice 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 into the sample containers 9. Transfer of 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ2 into the sample containers 10. Transfer of 14T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 into the sample containers

(64) After completion of the samples, residual amounts remain in the respective reservoirs. In order to optimize the consumption of the individual reagents, the starting amounts are adjusted accordingly. Thus, M=MZ1a1+MZ1a2+MZ1b+M1a1+M1a2+M1b+M1c=14,450 L+6,800 L+6,540 L+14,269 L+2,971.5 L+11,250 L+3,750 L results for the net transfer volume. A fifth simulation SIMS is performed on the basis of the new starting amounts: 1. Transfer of 6T1=851.9 L (75%) of the substance S2 from reservoir 1b into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 2. Transfer of 2T2=851.9 L (25%) of the substance S3 from reservoir 1c into the intermediate reservoir 1bZ [A1] 3. Transfer of 5T3=883.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 4. Transfer of 3T3=707.5 L (30%) of the intermediate ZP2 from intermediate reservoir 1bZ into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 5. Transfer of 11T4=937.0 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ1 [A2] 6. Transfer of 4T4=990.5 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a1 into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 7. Transfer of 3T4=990.5 L of the substance S1 from reservoir 1a2 into the intermediate reservoirs 1aZ2 [A2] 8. Transfer of twice 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 into the sample containers 9. Transfer of 84T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ2 into the sample containers 10. Transfer of 14T5=200.0 L+8VBO=50.0 L of the intermediate ZP1 from the intermediate reservoir 1aZ1 into the sample containers

(65) After completion of the samples, residual amounts of the substances S2 and S3 still remain in the reservoirs 1b and 1c. In order to further optimize the consumption of the individual reagents, the starting amounts are again adjusted such that M=MZ1a1.sub.1+MZ1a2.sub.2+MZ1b+M1a.sub.1+M1a.sub.2+M1b+M1c=14,450 L+6,800 L+6,540 L+14,269 L+2,971.5 L+5,111.4 L+1,703.8 L results for the net transfer volume, as shown in FIG. 5h. The sixth simulation SIM 6 takes place analogously to the fifth simulation SIM5. After the sixth simulation SIM6, the deviations between the actual values X6.sub.ist for the respective starting amounts M/MZ of the substances S1-S3 and intermediates ZP1 and ZP2 are within the predefined tolerance range. Accordingly, the estimated values X6=XZ1a.sub.1+XZ1a.sub.2+XZ1b+X1a.sub.1+X1a.sub.2+X1b+X1c=MZ1a.sub.1+MZ1a.sub.2+MZ1b+M1a.sub.1+M1a.sub.2+M1b+M1c=M6 are outputted for the starting amounts M/MZ.

(66) It should be noted that the examples shown here for liquid handling processes and the respective use of a method according to the present disclosure, especially, the respectively used starting amounts M/MZ of the substances/intermediates S/ZP, etc., are to be understood merely as examples. The present disclosure is in no way restricted to the processes mentioned, to the equipment 1, 2 selected by way of example, or to certain amounts of individual substances/intermediates S/ZP.