WOVEN STRUCTURED FABRIC WITH CROSSING TWILL LINES

Abstract

A woven fabric for use in a machine to produce a fiber web, such as a tissue fiber web, has a paper side formed by interwoven warp yarns and weft yarns. The paper side has a plurality of twill lines formed by neighboring flotations of warp yarns. The twill lines have an MD vector component in a machine direction and a CD vector component in a cross machine direction. At least some twill lines are diagonal, with a CD vector component being unequal to zero. The diagonal twill lines include first diagonal twill lines with CD vector components that have an opposite sign to the CD vector components of second diagonal twill lines. A sum of all CD vector components of the first diagonal twill lines is substantially balanced with a sum of all CD vector components of the second diagonal twill lines.

Claims

1. A woven fabric for use in a machine for producing a fiber web, the woven fabric, the woven fabric comprising: a multiplicity of mutually interwoven warp yarns and weft yarns forming a paper side of the woven fabric; said paper side having a plurality of twill lines each being formed by a plurality of neighboring flotations of said warp yarns; said twill lines having an MD vector component directed in a machine direction (MD) of the woven fabric and a CD vector component directed in a cross machine direction (CD) of the woven fabric; at least some of said twill lines being diagonal twill lines having a CD vector component that is unequal to zero; a plurality of said diagonal twill lines consisting of first diagonal twill lines and second diagonal twill lines, wherein the CD vector components of the first diagonal twill lines have an opposite sign to the CD vector components of the second diagonal twill lines; a sum of all CD vector components of said first diagonal twill lines being substantially balanced with a sum of all CD vector components of said second diagonal twill lines; said weft yarns that are located in a middle of any one of said flotations that define said diagonal twill lines having a cross section which is smaller than a cross sections of the remaining said weft yarns that are not located in the middle of any one of said flotations that define said diagonal twill lines.

2. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein a number of said first diagonal twill lines is substantially equal to a number of said second diagonal twill lines.

3. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein a total length of all first diagonal twill lines is substantially equal to a total length of all second diagonal twill lines.

4. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein all of said first diagonal twill lines have the same first CD vector component and all of said second diagonal twill lines have the same second CD vector component.

5. The woven fabric according to claim 4, wherein an absolute value of said first CD vector component is equal to an absolute value of said second CD vector component.

6. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein all diagonal twill lines have the same MD vector component.

7. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein said diagonal twill lines are formed from neighboring flotations of warp yarns, and wherein the flotations have a length of at least 3.

8. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein said diagonal twill lines are formed from neighboring flotations of warp yarns, and wherein the flotations have a length of 5.

9. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein some of said weft yarns differ from other said weft yarns in at least one feature selected from the group consisting of a cross section, a material, and a type of yarn.

10. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein said diagonal twill lines are formed from neighboring flotations of warp yarns, and said warp yarns that form said diagonal twill lines are interwoven with said weft yarns in a plain weave structure between successive said flotations.

11. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein said diagonal twill lines are formed from flotations of said warp yarns and said flotations of said warp yarns which define the diagonal twill lines themselves enclose an angle unequal to 0° with the machine direction of the woven fabric, and wherein a sign of the angle corresponds to a sign of said MD vector component of said diagonal twill line that is formed by the corresponding flotation.

12. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said diagonal twill lines extend straight from one side of the woven fabric to an opposite side thereof.

13. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said diagonal twill lines end somewhere between opposite sides of the woven fabric.

14. The woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein some of said diagonal twill lines are broader than other said diagonal twill lines.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0036] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a prior art woven fabric;

[0037] FIGS. 2 and 2A show a first embodiment of a woven fabric, with FIG. 2 not forming part of the present invention and FIG. 2A representing a modification of the first embodiment which forms a part of the present invention;

[0038] FIGS. 3 and 3A show a second embodiment of a woven fabric, similar to the first embodiment, with FIG. 3 not forming part of the present invention and FIG. 3A representing a modification of the first embodiment which forms a part of the present invention;

[0039] FIGS. 4 and 4A show a third embodiment of a woven fabric, with FIG. 4 not forming part of the present invention and FIG. 4A representing a modification of the first embodiment which forms a part of the present invention;

[0040] FIGS. 5 and 5A show a fourth embodiment of a woven fabric, similar to the third embodiment, with FIG. 5 not forming part of the present invention and FIG. 5A representing a modification of the first embodiment which forms a part of the present invention;

[0041] FIGS. 6 and 6A show the weaving pattern and the weaving card of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 4A, respectively;

[0042] FIG. 7A-7F show the weft yarn paths of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 4A;

[0043] FIG. 8A-8C show the warp yarn paths of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 4A;

[0044] FIGS. 9 and 9A show a fifth embodiment of a woven fabric, similar to the third embodiment, with FIG. 9 not forming part of the present invention and FIG. 9A representing a modification of the first embodiment which forms a part of the present invention;

[0045] FIGS. 10 and 10A show a sixth embodiment of a woven fabric, with FIG. 10 not forming part of the present invention and FIG. 10A representing a modification of the first embodiment which forms a part of the present invention; and

[0046] FIGS. 11 and 12 show a seventh and an eighth embodiment, respectively, that do not form part of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] Referring again to the figures of the drawing in detail, there is shown a first embodiment in FIG. 2 which does not form part of the present invention. FIG. 2 illustrates a view on the paper side of a portion of a woven fabric 10. The paper side is formed by a plurality of warp yarns interwoven with a plurality of weft yarns. Since the illustrated woven fabric 10 is a single layer fabric the same warp yarns and weft yarns also form the machine side of the woven fabric 10. For the sake of clarity only three warp yarns are provided with reference signs, namely WA1, WA2 and WA3, and only five weft yarns are provided with reference signs, namely WE1, WE2, WE3, WE4 and WE5. The fabric is flat woven which means that the warp yarns extend substantially, but not all necessarily exactly, in machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10, whereas the weft yarns extend in cross machine direction CD of the woven fabric 10. The woven fabric 10 is made endless by a seam, which is not shown. In case the fabric is not flat woven but round woven the warp yarns would correspond to the weft yarns and vice versa.

[0048] Each warp yarn forms serval flotations on the paper side of the woven fabric 10, wherein all flotations have the same length in the illustrated embodiment. One of these flotations is denominated with reference sign FL1 in FIG. 2. The flotation FL1 is formed by warp yarn WA1 which floats above the five weft yarns WE1-WE5. Another of these flotations is denominated with reference sign FL3 which is formed by warp yarn WA3 which also floats above the five weft yarns WE1-WE5. Yet another of these flotations is denominated with reference sign FL2 which is formed by warp yarn WA2 floating weft yarns WE1 and WE2 and three other weft yarns but not weft yarns WE3, WE4 or WE5. Flotation FL2 is directly neighboring both, flotation FL1 and flotation FL3, wherein the flotations FL1 and FL3 do not neighbor one another.

[0049] All the flotations together form a plurality of twill lines on the paper side of the woven fabric 10. In FIG. 2 some twill lines extend in a direction which—roughly speaking—extends from the lower right side to the upper left side. These twill lines will be referred to as “first diagonal twill lines” in the following. The remaining twill lines extend—again roughly speaking—in a direction from the lower left side to the upper right side in FIG. 2. These twill lines will be referred to as “second diagonal twill lines” in the following. The first diagonal twill lines are all parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other by the same distance. Similarly, the second diagonal twill lines are parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other. However the distance between the second twill lines varies in this exemplary embodiment. To be more precise, there are two different distances between parallel second twill lines, wherein the two different distances alternate.

[0050] Thus, the first diagonal twill lines and the second diagonal twill lines cross each other in a substantially regular pattern. The woven fabric 10 comprises areas with a plain weave structure between the intersecting first and second diagonal twill lines. These areas define pockets on the paper side of the woven fabric 10, whereas the first and second diagonal twill lines define elevations on the paper side of the woven fabric 10. Thus, the woven fabric 10 is structured on its paper side wherein the structure is preferably adapted to impart a good visible pattern on a final fiber web, in particular final tissue fiber web, that is formed or transported in a wet form on the paper side of the woven fabric 10.

[0051] For the sake of clarity only one first diagonal twill line is denominated with reference sign TL1 in FIG. 2, and only one second diagonal twill line is denominated with reference sign TL2 in FIG. 2. The flotation FL1 contributes to the definition of the first diagonal twill line TL1, the flotation FL3 contributes to the definition of the second diagonal twill line TL2, and the flotation FL2 contributes to the definition of both, the first and second diagonal twill lines TL1 and TL2. In other words, the flotation FL2 is situated at the crossing point of the two diagonal twill lines TL1 and TL2.

[0052] The first diagonal twill line TL1 forms a first angle with the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10, which angle is not zero. The direction of the first diagonal twill line TL1 can be described by a first MD vector component MD-VC1 extending in the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10 and a first CD vector component CD-VC1 extending in the cross machine direction CD of the woven fabric 10. The value of the first CD vector component CD-VC1 is unequal to zero.

[0053] The second diagonal twill line TL2 forms a second angle with the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10, which angle is not zero. The direction of the second diagonal twill line TL2 can be described by a second MD vector component MD-VC2 extending in the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10 and a second CD vector component CD-VC2 extending in the cross machine direction CD of the woven fabric 10. The value of the second CD vector component CD-VC2 is unequal to zero.

[0054] Like in the present embodiment it is preferable that the first MD vector component MD-VC1 is the same as the second MD vector component MD-VC2 in view of its direction and magnitude, whereas the first CD vector component CD-VC1 only corresponds to the second CD vector component CD-VC2 in terms of its magnitude but not in terms of its direction. In fact, the first CD vector component CD-VC1 is directed to the left in FIG. 2 and, thus, against the cross machine direction CD of the woven fabric 10, whereas the second CD vector component CD-VC2 is directed to the right in FIG. 2 and, thus, in cross machine direction CD of the woven fabric 10. In other words the first CD vector component CD-VC1 and the second CD vector component CD-VC2 have the same absolute value but opposite signs. Here the sign of the first CD vector component CD-VC1 is negative while the sign of the second CD vector component CD-VC2 is positive.

[0055] The ratio of the first MD vector component MD-VC1 and the first CD vector component CD-VC1 is characteristic for the first angle formed by the first diagonal twill line TL1 with the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10. The ratio of the second MD vector component MD-VC1 and the second CD vector component CD-VC2 is characteristic for the second angle formed by the second diagonal twill line TL2 with the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10. The first angle and the second angle also have the same magnitude but opposite signs.

[0056] Such a woven fabric with corresponding first diagonal twill lines TL1 and second diagonal twill lines TL2 on its paper side is not only conducive to sheet building, especially when the sheet is transferred to it with a rush speed differential, but can also be easily guided on the paper machine.

[0057] Notably, the flotations FL1 and FL3 themselves are inclined with respect to the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10, wherein their inclination substantially corresponds to the inclination of the first diagonal twill line TL1 and the second diagonal twill line TL2 with the machine direction, respectively. In contrast to that, the flotation FL2 at the crossing point of the two diagonal twill lines TL1 and TL2 extends substantially parallel to the machine direction MD of the woven fabric 10.

[0058] FIG. 2A shows a modification of the first embodiment from FIG. 2 which modification forms part of the present invention. The portion of a woven fabric in FIG. 2A has substantially the same weaving pattern as the weaving pattern of the portion of the woven fabric 10 shown in FIG. 2. However, in FIG. 2A weft yarns with different diameters are applied. To be more precise, the weft yarns that pass under the middle of any of the flotations of the warp yarns on the paper side of the woven fabric have a smaller diameter than the remaining weft yarns that do not pass under the middle of any of the flotations of the warp yarns on the paper side of the woven fabric. The result of this is that the knuckles formed by the warp yarn flotations on the paper side are not as high and as pronounced as in the first embodiment according to FIG. 2. Thus, the pattern imparted in the final fiber web can be positively influenced.

[0059] In the modification according to FIG. 2A all warp yarn flotations on the paper side of the woven fabric have the same length because they all pass over five consecutive weft yarns. Furthermore, two consecutive weft yarns having a larger diameter are followed by one weft yarn having a smaller diameter and so on.

[0060] FIGS. 3 and 3A show a second embodiment not forming part of the present invention, similar to the first embodiment, and a modification of the second embodiment which forms part of the present invention, respectively. In the following only the differences as to the first embodiment and its modification will be explained. For the rest, reference is made to the above description.

[0061] The second embodiment according to FIG. 3 and its modification according to FIG. 3A substantially only differ from the first embodiment according to FIG. 2 and its modification according to FIG. 2A, respectively, in that some second twill lines are broader then the remaining second twill lines and also than the first twill lines. In fact, broad second twill lines alternate with small second twill lines. The width of the twill lines can be adjusted by the number of warp yarn flotations that contribute to their definition.

[0062] FIGS. 4 and 4A show a third embodiment not forming part of the present invention and a corresponding modification thereof which forms part of the present invention, respectively. In the following only the differences as to the first embodiment and its modification will be explained. For the rest, reference is made to the above description.

[0063] The third embodiment according to FIG. 4 and its modification according to FIG. 4A substantially differ from the first embodiment according to FIG. 2 and its modification according to FIG. 2A, respectively, in that some first twill lines end when reaching a second twill line and vice versa. In the portion of the woven fabric shown in FIG. 4 only one first diagonal twill line really crosses one second diagonal twill lines. All other first and second diagonal twill lines end at another diagonal twill line in this shown portion. The two crossing diagonal twill lines divide the shown portion of the woven fabric into four sections, two of them having first diagonal twill lines extending parallel to each other, and two of them having second diagonal twill lines extending parallel to each other.

[0064] The third embodiment according to FIG. 4 is described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 6-8C, wherein FIG. 6 shows the weaving pattern of the third embodiment, FIG. 6A shows the weaving card of the third embodiment, FIGS. 7A-7F show the weft yarn paths of the third embodiment, and FIGS. 8A-8C show the warp yarn paths of the third embodiment.

[0065] FIGS. 5 and 5A show a fourth embodiment not forming part of the present invention, similar to the third embodiment, and a modification of the second embodiment which forms part of the present invention, respectively. In the following only the differences as to the third embodiment and its modification will be explained. For the rest, reference is made to the above description.

[0066] The fourth embodiment according to FIG. 5 and its modification according to FIG. 5A substantially only differ from the third embodiment according to FIG. 4 and its modification according to FIG. 4A, respectively, in that some first and second twill lines are broader then the remaining first and second twill lines. In fact, broad first and second twill lines alternate with small first and second twill lines, respectively.

[0067] All exemplary embodiments one to four with their respective modifications have in common that the flotations which form the diagonal twill lines each have a length of five. That means that the corresponding warp yarns pass over five consecutive weft yarns on the paper side of the woven fabric.

[0068] Furthermore, in all these embodiments one to four the weft yarns that pass under the middle of any of the flotations of the warp yarns on the paper side of the woven fabric are woven in a plain weave structure with the warp yarns of the woven fabric. Thus, each third weft yarn in these embodiments is woven in plain weave. In FIGS. 7A-f referring to the third embodiment these weft yarns correspond to weft yarns 3, 6, 9 and so on. Moreover, these weft yarns can be easily identified in FIGS. 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A referring to the corresponding modifications, since these weft yarns have a smaller diameter than the remaining weft yarns that do not pass under the middle of any of the flotations of the warp yarns on the paper side of the woven fabric.

[0069] Even though using weft yarns with a smaller diameter results in that the warp yarn flotations on the paper side are not as high as using weft yarns with a larger diameter, there is still room for improvements. It is the merit of the inventor to have found out that a weft yarn being up on either side at the center of every warp yarn flotation creates a pressure point at the center of each flotation which restricts fabric life. The pointed nature of the warp yarn flotation also makes it difficult to surface sand the fabric to the desired level of contact area without removing excessive amounts of material of the warp yarns. In addition, the weft yarns with the plain weave structure can make it difficult to drive the count high enough to reduce fabric permeability to a reasonable level.

[0070] To further improve the above-described embodiments of the present invention, it is proposed to substitute each weft yarn that passes under the middle of a flotation on the paper side of the woven fabric by a pair of adjacent weft yarns that are not woven in a plain weave structure. To be more precise, it is preferred that one weft yarn of the pair of weft yarns passes over exactly one warp yarn that is adjacent the flotation on a first side (e.g. on the left hand side) of the flotation and passes below exactly two warp yarns that are adjacent the flotation on a second side (e.g. on the right hand side) of the flotation, while the other weft yarn of the pair of weft yarns passes over exactly one warp yarn that is adjacent the flotation on the second side (e.g. the right hand side) of the flotation and passes below exactly two warp yarns that are adjacent the flotation on the first side (e.g. the left hand side) of that flotation.

[0071] Modifying that way the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and its corresponding modification shown in FIG. 4A results in the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 9 and its corresponding modification shown in FIG. 9A, respectively. In the fifth embodiment and its modification each flotation of the warp yarns that form the diagonal twill lines has the length of seven, meaning that the corresponding warp yarns float over seven consecutive weft yarns on the paper side. Furthermore, each weft yarn from the pair of weft yarns passes over one warp yarn and then under three warp yarns instead of going up and down all the time as in the plain weave structure of the third embodiment. The result is that the woven fabric according to the fifth embodiment has the same number of weft knuckles compared to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 but the point at the center of the warp yarn flotation is flattened. The resulting fabric has much higher natural contact area so that less surface sanding is required to achieve the desired level of contact area. The pressure points are also eliminated. Furthermore, the elimination of the plain weave also allows the count to be woven higher which gives the advantage of lower air permeabilities that leads to better sheet drying.

[0072] A sixth embodiment, which does not form a part of the present invention, is shown in FIG. 10. Like in the fifth embodiment the warp yarn flotations forming the diagonal twill lines all have the length of seven. Furthermore, weft yarns that are situated in the middle of any one of the flotations that define the diagonal twill lines pass over exactly one adjacent warp yarn on a first side of the corresponding flotation and pass under exactly two adjacent warp yarns on a second side of the corresponding flotation, wherein the weft yarns that are situated in the middle of any one of the flotations that define the diagonal twill lines each have one adjacent other weft yarn which other weft yarn passes over exactly one adjacent warp yarn on the second side of the corresponding flotation and passes under exactly two adjacent warp yarns on the first side of the corresponding flotation. Thus, this embodiment substantially exhibits the same advantageous like the previously described fifth embodiment.

[0073] FIG. 10A shows a modification of the sixth embodiment from FIG. 10, which modification forms part of the present invention. The portion of a woven fabric in FIG. 10A has substantially the same weaving pattern as the weaving pattern of the portion of the woven fabric shown in FIG. 10. However, in FIG. 10A weft yarns with different diameter are applied. To be more precise, the weft yarns that are situated in the middle of any one of the flotations that define the diagonal twill lines and their corresponding adjacent other weft yarns have a smaller diameter than the remaining weft yarns that do not pass under the middle of any of the flotations of the warp yarns on the paper side of the woven fabric. This results in that the knuckles formed by the warp yarn flotations on the paper side are even less high compared in the sixth embodiment according to FIG. 10.

[0074] A seventh and an eighth exemplary embodiment, neither or them forming a part of the present invention, are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 respectively. In contrast with the previously described embodiments, the flotations that form the diagonal twill lines have a length greater than 7, which means that the corresponding warp yarns pass over more than 7 consecutive weft yarns. Furthermore, in these two embodiments the twill lines do not cross each other. Last but not least, the weft yarns of the seventh embodiment according to FIG. 11 all have the same weaving pattern, meaning here that all weft yarns pass over one warp yarn and then under seven warp yarns on the paper side of the fabric.

[0075] Many further modifications are thinkable within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined in the independent claims.

[0076] Finally it should be noted that the modified embodiments according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 9A and 10A may additionally differ from their corresponding basic embodiments according to FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10, respectively, in that some weft yarns are made from another material and/or are of a different type than other weft yarns.

[0077] Once more in an abstract summary: The invention concerns a woven fabric (10) for use in a machine to produce a fiber web, preferably a tissue fiber web, the woven fabric (10) having a machine direction (MD) and a cross machine direction (CD), as well as a paper side and a machine side, wherein the paper side is formed by warp yarns (WA1-WA3) and by weft yarns (WE1-WE5) which warp yarns (WA1-WA3) and weft yarns (WE1-WE5) are interwoven with each other, wherein the paper side comprises a plurality of twill lines (TL1, TL2), each twill line (TL1, TL2) being formed by a plurality of neighboring flotations (FL1-FL3) of warp yarns (WA1-WA3), wherein the twill lines (TL1, TL2) comprise an MD vector component (MD-VC1, MD-VC2) directed in the machine direction (MD) of the woven fabric (10) and a CD vector component (CD-VC1, CD-VC2) directed in the cross machine direction (CD) of the woven fabric (10), and wherein at least some twill lines (TL1, TL2) are diagonal twill lines (TL1, TL2) meaning that the CD vector component (CD-VC1, CD-VC2) of these twill lines (TL1, TL2) is unequal to zero. The plurality of diagonal twill lines (TL1, TL2) consists of first diagonal twill lines (TL1) and second diagonal twill lines (TL2), wherein the CD vector components (CD-VC1) of the first diagonal twill lines (TL1) have an opposite sign to the CD vector components (CD-VC2) of the second diagonal twill lines (TL2), and wherein the sum of all CD vector components (CD-VC1) of the first diagonal twill lines (TL1) is substantially balanced with the sum of all CD vector components (CD-VC2) of the second diagonal twill lines (TL2).

[0078] The following is a summary list of reference numerals and the corresponding structure used in the above description of the invention: [0079] 10 woven fabric [0080] 10′ woven fabric (prior art) [0081] CD cross machine direction [0082] CD-VC1 first CD vector component [0083] CD-VC2 second CD vector component [0084] CD-VC′ CD vector component (prior art) [0085] FL1-FL3 flotations [0086] FL′ flotation (prior art) [0087] MD machine direction [0088] MD-VC1 first MD vector component [0089] MD-VC2 second MD vector component [0090] MD-VC′ MD vector component (prior art) [0091] TL1 first diagonal twill line [0092] TL2 second diagonal twill line [0093] TL′ twill line (prior art) [0094] WA1-WA3 warp yarns [0095] WA1′—WA3′ warp yarns (prior art) [0096] WE1-WE5 weft yarns [0097] WE1′—WE5′ weft yarns (prior art)