White light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light

Abstract

White light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light, contains at least one blue chip covered by a luminophore with the maximum of the radiated energy at the wavelength =670 to 680 nm, whereas the ratio between the blue spectral component from the wavelength range 400 to 490 nm and the green spectral component from the wavelength range 490 to 570 nm is 1:1.6 max., or the ratio between the green spectral component from the wavelength range 490 to 570 nm and the red spectral component from the wavelength range 570 to 780 nm is 1:3 min.

Claims

1. A white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light, characterized in that it contains at least one white LED chip with chromaticity temperature of 2100 K to 5000 K, at least one red chip with a maximum of a radiated energy at a wavelength =670 to 680 nm, whereas a ratio between a blue spectral component from a wavelength range 400 to 490 nm and a green spectral component from a wavelength range 490 to 570 nm is 1:1.6 max., or a ratio between a green spectral component from a wavelength range 490 to 570 nm and a red spectral component from a wavelength range 570 to 780 nm is 1:3 min.

2. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 1 characterized in that the ratio between the blue spectral component from the wavelength range of 400 to 490 nm and the green spectral component from the wavelength range of 490 to 570 nm is 1:1 to 1.6.

3. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 1 characterized in that the ratio between the green spectral component from the wavelength range of 490 to 570 nm and the red spectral component from the wavelength range of 570 to 780 nm is 1:3 to 5

4. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 2, characterized in that white LED chip is a blue chip covered by the luminophore with chromaticity temperature of 2700 K to 4000 K and CRI of at least 90.

5. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 1 characterized in that the ratio between the spectral components is expressed in mW/m.sup.2.

6. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 1 characterized in that it contains a blue LED chip with emission peak in a wavelength range =420 to 450 nm.

7. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 1 characterized in that it contains a pre-cognitive blue LED chip with emission peak in a wavelength range =470 to 480 nm and a pro-cognitive turquoise LED chip with emission peak in a wavelength range =490 to 500 nm.

8. The white light luminaire for everyday activities that regenerates the retina of the eye in real time, damaged by blue light according to claim 1 characterized in that it contains a green chip with emitted light energy in a wavelength range at least 500 to 660 nm with a maximum at =500 to 580 nm.

Description

SUMMARY OF PRESENTED DRAWINGS

[0061] FIG. 1.1 Individual spectral components, luminaire A)

[0062] FIG. 1.2 Individual spectral components, luminaire B)

[0063] FIG. 1.3 Individual spectral components, luminaire C)

[0064] FIG. 1.4 Individual spectral components, luminaire D)

[0065] FIG. 1.5 Individual spectral components, luminaire D2)

[0066] FIG. 1.6 Individual spectral components, luminaire E)

[0067] FIG. 1.7 Individual spectral components, luminaire F)

[0068] FIG. 1.8 Individual spectral components, luminaire G)

[0069] FIG. 1.9 Individual spectral components, luminaire H)

[0070] FIG. 1.10 Individual spectral components, luminaire CH)

[0071] FIG. 1.11 Individual spectral components, luminaire I)

[0072] FIG. 2 Comparison of individual spectra and properties of light

[0073] FIG. 3.1 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips A)

[0074] FIG. 3.2 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips B)

[0075] FIG. 3.3 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips C)

[0076] FIG. 3.4 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips D)

[0077] FIG. 3.5 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips D2)

[0078] FIG. 3.6 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips E)

[0079] FIG. 3.7 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips G)

[0080] FIG. 3.8 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips H)

[0081] FIG. 3.9 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips CH)

[0082] FIG. 3.10 Individual components of spectra with indicated spectra of individual chips I)

[0083] FIG. 4.1 Individual components of spectra with ratios of spectral components A)

[0084] FIG. 4.2 Individual components of spectra with ratios of spectral components B)

[0085] FIG. 4.3 Individual components of spectra with ratios of spectral components CH)

[0086] FIG. 4.4 Individual components of spectra with ratios of spectral components D2)

[0087] FIG. 5 Identification of components of individual luminaires A) to I)

[0088] FIG. 6 Luminaire prototypes A) to I) and their assessment

[0089] FIG. 7 Color ratios of luminaires A), B), H), CH), D2)

[0090] FIG. 8 Testing of luminaires A), B), CH), D2) on tissue cultures according to Example 5B

[0091] FIG. 9.1 Testing of luminaries A), B), CH), D2) on tissue cultures according to Example 5C, the extent of mitochondrial damage after light treatment

[0092] FIG. 9.2 Testing of luminaries A), B), CH), D2) on tissue cultures according to Example 5C, the extent of mitochondrial damage after light treatment

[0093] FIG. 9.3 Testing of luminaries A), B), CH), D2) on tissue cultures according to Example 5C, the extent of mitochondrial health after light treatment

[0094] FIG. 9.4 Testing of luminaries A), B), CH), D2) on tissue cultures according to Example 5C, the extent of mitochondrial health after light treatment

[0095] FIG. 10 Testing of luminaires A), B), CH), D2) on tissue cultures according to Example 5D

[0096] FIG. 11 Light outputs of the blue and red components of the luminaires used for testing according to Example 5

EXAMPLES OF INVENTION EXECUTION

Example 1 Prototype of Luminaire A

[0097] A prototype luminaire was assembled, with PCBs populated with 16 white LED chips of CCT 4110 K and CRI 97.5, with per-chip input power of 360 mW, illuminance 636.6 lx, p 455 nm, pV 12.22 mW/m.sup.2, where for these white chips the total power input was 5760 mW and the total illuminance was 10185.6 lx and 1 red reparative LED chip with per-chip power input of 282.5 mW, illuminance 48.75 lx, p 677 nm, pV 54.85 mW/m.sup.2. The total input power of the luminaire was thus 6042.5 mW and the total illuminance was 10234.35 lux. Thus, the white chips accounted for a relative input power of 95.32% and a relative illuminance of 99.52%, and the red reparative chip accounted for a relative input power of 4.68% and a relative illuminance of 0.48% of the entire luminaire.

[0098] The prototype luminaire thus constructed was subjected to a subjective assessment, with the conclusion that the luminaire emits light of a pleasant white color, but is perceived by all assessors as pink. Furthermore, the perceived CCT was assessed as neutral white. It was therefore concluded that the light emitted by this luminaire has a perceived chromaticity temperature of neither cold nor warm, but neutral white. That means that the addition of the red reparative LED chip did not provide a warmer shade of white but caused it to turn pink.

[0099] The ratio of the spectral components of blue and green was 1:1.7, which is already beyond the edge of light buffering, and therefore the addition of the red LED chip does not blend/integrate into the existing light, but has a completely independent and separate effect on the subjective assessment of the light shade.

Example 2 Prototype of Luminaire B

[0100] A prototype luminaire was assembled, with PCBs populated with 16 white LED chips of CCT 4110 K and CRI 85.2, with per-chip input power of 352.58 mW, illuminance 886.4 lx, p 455 nm, pV 16.27 mW/m.sup.2, where for these white chips the total power input was 5641.28 mW and the total illuminance was 14182.4 lx and 3 red reparative LED chips with per-chip power input of 218 mW, illuminance 40.17 lx, p 676 nm, pV 45.45 mW/m.sup.2. The total input power of the luminaire was thus 6295.28 mW and the total illuminance was 14302.91 lux. Thus, the white chips accounted for a relative input power of 89.61% and a relative illuminance of 99.16%, and the red reparative chips accounted for a relative input power of 10.39% and a relative illuminance of 0.84% of the entire luminaire.

[0101] The prototype luminaire thus constructed was subjected to a subjective assessment, with the conclusion that the luminaire emits light of a pleasant white color without any color tinge. Furthermore, the perceived CCT was assessed as neutral white. It was therefore concluded that the light emitted by this luminaire has a perceived chromaticity temperature of neither cold nor warm, but neutral white. That means that the addition of the red reparative LED chip did not provide a warmer shade of white neither caused it to turn pink.

[0102] The ratio of the spectral components of blue and green was 1:1.6, the upper limit of the light buffering capacity, and the addition of the red LED chip blended into the existing light without affecting it.

Example 3 Prototype of Luminaire CH

[0103] A prototype luminaire was assembled, with PCBs populated with 16 white LED chips of CCT 2653 K and CRI 96.2, with per-chip input power of 360 mW, illuminance 511.1 lx, p 635 nm, pV 12.55 mW/m.sup.2, where for these white chips the total power input was 5760 mW and the total illuminance was 8177.6 lx and 2 red reparative LED chips with per-power input of 144.2 mW, illuminance 28.5 lx, p 675 nm, pV 33.21 mW/m.sup.2. The total input power of the luminaire was thus 6048.4 mW and the total illuminance was 8234.6 lux. Thus, the white chips accounted for a relative input power of 95.23% and a relative illuminance of 99.31%, and the red reparative chip accounted for a relative input power of 4.77% and a relative illuminance of 0.69% of the entire luminaire.

[0104] The prototype luminaire thus constructed was subjected to a subjective assessment, with the conclusion that the luminaire emits light of a pleasant warm white color without any color tinge. Furthermore, the perceived CCT was assessed as warm white. It was therefore concluded that the light emitted by this luminaire has a perceived chromaticity temperature of warm white. That means that the addition of the red reparative LED chip in this case did not interfere with the color of the majority warm white LED chip and only blended with the white LED chip.

[0105] The ratio of the spectral components of blue and green was 1:2.8, which is beyond the limit of light buffering and therefore the second condition applies and that is the minimum ratio of the spectral components of green and red, which is at least 1:3, in this particular case 1:4, so the color of the light is not affected by the addition of the red LED chip.

Example 4 Prototype of Luminaire D2

[0106] A prototype luminaire was assembled, whose PCBs were populated with 16 white LED chips of CCT 4116 K and CRI 97.6, with per-chip power of 291.06 mW, illuminance 546.4 lx, p 455 nm, pV 10.64 mW/m.sup.2, when the total power consumption of these white chips was 4656.96 mW and the total illuminance was 8742.4 lx, one blue monochromatic LED chip with a wavelength of 440 nm with per-chip input power of 205.92 mW, an illuminance of 27.44 lx, p 437 nm, pV 67.91 mW/m.sup.2, three blue monochromatic LED chips with a wavelength of 475 nm with per-chip input power of 203.76 mW, illuminance 106.4 lx, p 474 nm, pV 34.48 mW/m.sup.2, two turquoise monochromatic LED chips with a wavelength of 495 nm with per-chip power 206.64 mW, illuminance 251.9 lx, p 498 nm, pV 26.66 mW/m.sup.2, three green PC LED chips with per-chip power of 280.17 mW, illuminance of 955.5 lx, p 543 nm, pV 17.45 mW/m.sup.2, and two red reparative LED chips with per-chip power of 150.48 mW, illuminance of 30.13 lx, p 675 nm, pV 34.12 mW/m.sup.2. The total input power of the luminaire was thus 7028.91 mW and the total illuminance was 12519.6 lx. The white chips accounted for a relative power input of 66.25% and a relative illuminance of 69.83%, and the red reparative chips accounted for a relative power input of 60.26% and a relative illuminance of 0.48% of the entire luminaire.

[0107] The prototype luminaire thus constructed was subjected to a subjective assessment, with the conclusion that the luminaire emits light of a pleasant white color without any color tinge. Furthermore, the perceived CCT was assessed as colder white. It was therefore concluded that the light emitted by this luminaire has a perceived chromaticity temperature of colder white. That means that the addition of the red reparative LED chip in this case did not interfere with the color of the white LED chip or other colored LED chips and only blended with the light emitted by the other LED chips.

[0108] The ratio of the spectral components of blue and green was 1:1.4, which is within the limits of light buffering, i.e. the color of the light is not affected by the addition of the red LED chip.

Example 5A

[0109] The prototype luminaires produced according to Examples 1 to 4 were tested on R28 tissue culture (Retinal Cell Line, Kerafast).

[0110] The cells were pre-grown in a high concentration of glucose and pyruvate, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle MediumDMEM, supplemented with 3.3% v/v sodium bicarbonate solution, 10% FBS, 1% MEM non-essential amino acids, 1% MEM vitamins, 1% glutamine and 1% gentamicin in a 5% CO.sub.2 atmosphere at 37 C.

[0111] A 0.1 ml of suspension of cultivated R28 cells at a concentration of 80,000 cells/ml was pipetted into the wells of a 96-well plate and allowed to settle for 24 hours before the cells were exposed to different light treatments, FIG. 11: [0112] CHTreatment with the CH luminairewarm white with added red component, blue spectral component with the output of 0.7 mW/m.sup.2, red spectral component with the output of 2.6 mW/m.sup.2 [0113] D2Treatment with the D2 luminaireday white, pro-cognitive with added red component, blue spectral component with the output of 1.9 mW/in, red spectral component with the output of 1.9 mW/m.sup.2 [0114] BlueTreatment with the luminaire emitting blue light 440 nm, blue spectral component with the output of 23.5 mW/m.sup.2, red spectral component with the output of 0.1 mW/m.sup.2 [0115] WhiteTreatment with the luminaire emitting white light CCT 4000 K and CRI 98, blue spectral component with the output of 10.6 mW/m.sup.2, red spectral component with the output of 9.3 mW/m.sup.2 [0116] DarkDark treatment

[0117] The temperature was maintained at 37 C. throughout the testing, with an atmosphere of 5% CO.sub.2.

[0118] Individual luminaires were measured using a spectrophotometer.

[0119] The cells were subjected to the tests according to Example 5B to 5):

Example 5B Viability of Cells

[0120] The viability of cells was assessed using the reduction test. The cells of the 96-well plates were subjected to the respective CH, D2, Blue, White and Dark light treatment for 12 hrs. The dark treatment (T) was chosen as a control. Subsequently, (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was added to the wells at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and the cells were incubated for 75 min at 37 C. The medium was then removed and MTT was reduced by addition of 100 l dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) into each well. The plates were stirred for 10 minutes, and then the optical density was measured in individual wells at wavelength of 570 nm. {The average absorbance of the control (T) in each experiment was defined as 100% and all measurements of light-treated samples were referenced to it. The results are shown in FIG. 8. It can be seen that Blue and White light caused damage to the cells, resulting in their lower absorbance. On the other hand, CH and D2 exhibit a supportive effect on cell growth.

Example 5C Mitochondrial Depolarization

[0121] To assess mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cells were subjected to the respective light treatments of CH, D2, Blue, White, and Dark for 12 hrs. The dark treatment (T) was chosen as a control. Then, medium was removed from the cultures and the cells were incubated with the JC-1 dye, a final concentration of 2 g/ml for 30 minutes. Then, detection was carried out at 590 and 530 nm. The dye accumulated in the mitochondria of healthy cells appears as red/orange fluorescence at 590 nm. The dye accumulated in the depolarized mitochondrial membrane of damaged cells appears as green fluorescence at 530 nm. From the fluorescence microscope images, image analysis was carried out and the average red and green fluorescence of the control was set to be 100%. The results are shown in FIG. 9. FIGS. 9.1 and 9.2 show the extent of mitochondrial damage, where the maximum damage is caused by the Blue luminaire. In terms of damage the White luminaire followed and the samples illuminated by CH and D2 luminaires were without damage. In contrast, FIGS. 9.3 and 9.4 show the extent of mitochondrial vitality support, with mitochondria showing higher vitality after illumination with C1 and D2 luminaires than after dark treatment.

Example 5D Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Response to them

[0122] ROS production: The cells were subjected to the respective CH, D2, Blue, White and Dark light treatment for 12 hrs. The dark treatment (T) was chosen as a control. The medium was then removed from the cultures and the cultures were rinsed twice with fresh medium and then incubated with dihydroethidium, final concentration 40 M, for 20 min. The solution was removed, and the cells were rinsed twice with fresh medium. Immediately afterwards, phase fluorescence/contrast microscopy images were taken. In the case of ROS production, red fluorescent chromatin in the nuclei is visible in the images. The images were then subjected to image analysis, and the mean red fluorescence of the control was set to 0. The results are shown in FIG. 10. The ROS production is caused by the presence of the blue component of the light spectrum. Not surprisingly, the samples illuminated by the Blue luminaire show the highest ROS, followed by the White luminaire and the D2 luminaire. The CH luminaire shows the minimum ROS production.

Example 6

[0123] R28 tissue culture cells (Retinal Cell Line, Kerafast) were thawed at laboratory temperature for 15 min. Subsequently, the cells were pipetted into 5 ml DMEM+ medium and centrifuged for 5 min. The cell pellet was suspended in 10 ml of DMEM+ medium using a vortex and the suspension was incubated in an incubator at 37 C. and 5% CO.sub.2 for two days.

[0124] After two days of incubation, the cells were passaged. The cells were rinsed by 1 ml of EDTA. Next, 1 ml of EDTA and 1 ml of trypsin were added and the culture bottle thus prepared was incubated at laboratory temperature for 5 minutes. Then 5 ml of fresh DMEM+ medium was added and the solution was stirred using a vortex. Half of the suspension was pipetted into a new culture bottle and fresh DMEM+ medium was added to both bottles to a final volume of 20 ml. The cultivation bottles thus prepared were placed in the incubator again, and incubated at 37 C. and 5% CO.sub.2 for three days. The initial concentration after cultivation was approximately 519 000 to 579 000 cells per ml.

[0125] The cells were then pipetted into individual wells of a 12-well plate. The cells were checked every day under a microscope for their growth. Subsequently, after three days, cells were placed in a 37 C. and 5% CO.sub.2 incubator and exposed to the various light sources specified below up to a light source distance of 400 mm from the well plate. Cells exposed to the light emitter were sequentially sampled at different time points. At each time point, cells were collected from one well, processed, and their concentration, or number of live cells, was measured. The results were plotted in a table and graph and are shown in FIGS. 12A, 12B and 13A, 13B.

[0126] Part A) Light sources according to the present invention, FIGS. 12A and 12B: [0127] Blue, 440 nm, according to the present invention [0128] White, CCT 4000 K and CRI 98, according to the present invention [0129] Day whiteD2according to the present invention [0130] Warm whiteCHaccording to the present invention

[0131] Part B) Light source according to the present invention, compared with the start of the art, FIGS. 13A and 13B: [0132] Nasli LED, [0133] Sunlike 4000 K, [0134] LED 4000 K CRI 80, [0135] Warm whiteCHaccording to the present invention

[0136] The specific power of all light sources was normalized to .sub.480 nm=240 W/cm.sup.2, to the point of maximum sensitivity of the melanopic receptors of the non-visual system responsible for the body's day/night synchronization.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0137] Illumination with reparative effects for the eye retina