Abstract
Endoscopes and methods of their use, where the endoscopes provide a low profile or cross-section which facilitates introduction through small body passages, such as patient's cervix, and into body cavities, such a patient's uterus.
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. An endoscopic method of treating or examining a patient's body, the method comprising: providing a system including an endoscope, image processor, controller and inflow and outflow pumps, where the endoscope has an axially-extending shaft with a distal spring structure carrying an image sensor, where the distal spring structure is moveable between a first configuration with a reduced profile where a field of view of the image sensor is oriented to observe introduction of the axially-extending shaft through a passage in the patient's body and at least one second configuration having an expanded profile with the image sensor moved away from a shaft axis where the field of view is oriented to observe a tool introduced through a working channel therein; introducing the axially-extending shaft in the first configuration through a body passageway into a working space while viewing images from the image sensor; operating the inflow and outflow pumps with the controller to circulate fluid flows into the patient's body; moving the distal spring structure from the first configuration to the at least one second configuration such that an optical axis of the image sensor intersects with the shaft axis; advancing a tool through a working channel into the working space; and viewing the tool with images from the image sensor and performing a treatment in the working space with the tool.
3. The endoscopic method of claim 2, wherein the endoscope carries an accelerometer configured to send position signals to the controller and the image processor, further comprising the step of operating the controller and the image processor to continuously adjust images to an upright orientation.
4. The endoscopic method of claim 2, further comprising the step of operating the inflow and outflow pumps to circulate fluid flows while maintaining a selected pressure in the working space.
5. The endoscopic method of claim 2, wherein the moving step includes sliding an outer sleeve of the shaft relative to an inner sleeve of the shaft, wherein the outer sleeve slidably contacts a deflecting surface on the spring structure to move the spring structure between the first configuration to the second configuration.
6. The endoscopic method of claim 2, wherein the moving step includes advancing a tool through a working channel of axially-extending shaft and the tool contacts a deflecting surface on the distal spring structure to move the distal spring structure between the first configuration to the at least one second configuration.
7. An endoscopic device, comprising: a handle coupled to an elongated shaft extending about a longitudinal axis to a distal end; and a spring structure carrying an image sensor at the distal end of the elongated shaft, where the spring structure is moveable between an insertion position having a first reduced shaft profile where a field of view is oriented to observe insertion of the elongated shaft through a body passage and at least one deployed position having a second expanded shaft profile with the image sensor moved away from the longitudinal axis such that the field of view is oriented to observe a tool introduced through a working channel of the elongated shaft into a working space.
8. The endoscopic device of claim 7, further comprising at least one LED proximate to the image sensor, wherein the at least one LED is moveable with the image sensor.
9. The endoscopic device of claim 7, further comprising an accelerometer positioned proximally to the image sensor, wherein the accelerometer is moveable with the image sensor.
10. The endoscopic device of claim 9, wherein the accelerometer is adapted to send position signals to a processor, wherein the processor comprises algorithms for displaying images on a display in a selected orientation in any rotational position of the elongated shaft and the image sensor.
11. The endoscopic device of claim 7, further comprising a fluid source in communication with an inflow channel in the elongated shaft configured to provide fluid inflows through the elongated shaft in both the insertion position and the at least one deployed position.
12. The endoscopic device of claim 11, further comprising an inflow pump operatively connected to the fluid source for providing the fluid inflows.
13. The endoscopic device of claim 12, further comprising a working channel in the elongated shaft adapted for receiving a tool.
14. The endoscopic device of claim 13, further comprising an outflow pump configured for coupling to the working channel.
15. The endoscopic device of claim 7, wherein the elongated shaft comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve that is coupled to the spring structure, and inner sleeve is configured to slidably contact a deflecting surface on the spring structure to move the spring structure between the insertion position and the at least one deployed position.
16. The endoscopic device of claim 15, wherein the spring structure has a living hinge portion and the deflecting surface is distal to the living hinge portion.
17. The endoscopic device of claim 7, wherein the spring structure has first and second living hinge portions.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Additional aspects of the invention will become clear from the following description of illustrative embodiments and from the attached drawings, in which:
[0027] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an endoscope corresponding to the invention, with an enlarged view of the distal working end.
[0028] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the an inner sleeve of the endoscope shaft together with an assembly of a flexible member and flex circuit that extend distally from the inner sleeve and carry the image sensor, an accelerometer, and LEDs, where the flexible member has first and second living hinge portions, and where the outer sleeve is shown with a broken line.
[0029] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the handle portion of the endoscope of FIG. 1 with the outer shell removed to show the interior components thereof.
[0030] FIG. 4A is a view of a distal portion of the endoscope shaft in a first, straight insertion configuration with an outer sleeve in cut-away part-sectional view, and an inner sleeve, flexible member, flex circuit, accelerometer, LEDS and image sensor in elevational view, wherein the flexible member, flex circuit and image sensor are in a first position within a cylindrical profile or envelope defined by the outer sleeve of the shaft, and wherein such an insertion configuration is adapted for insertion through body passageway to a treatment site in a patient's body, for example, a patient's cervical canal that opens to a uterine cavity.
[0031] FIG. 4B is a cut-away and sectional view of the endoscope shaft of FIG. 4A in a second, non-straight configuration wherein the flexible member, flex circuit and image sensor are in a second position that is moved outwardly by the spring force of the first living hinge portion and away from the cylindrical envelope defined by the outer sleeve, where such a second position provides a large cross-section working channel to receive a straight shaft of a treatment tool.
[0032] FIG. 4C is a cut-away and sectional view of the endoscope shaft of FIGS. 4A-4B in a third, non-straight configuration wherein the flexible member is deflected by distal sliding of the outer sleeve which overcomes the spring force inherent in the second living hinge portion, and where the orientation of the image sensor can be adjusted to a selected angle toward the longitudinal axis of the shaft.
[0033] FIG. 5 is an end view of the shaft of the endoscope of FIGS. 1 and 2 showing the insertion profile of the endoscope as well as the diagonal dimension of the image sensor chip and the diameter of the working channel relative to the cylindrical insertion profile.
[0034] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the endoscope of FIG. 1 from a different angle showing the proximal end of the handle and a seal at the proximal end of the working channel.
[0035] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of another variation of an endoscope similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 showing an inner sleeve and flexible spring structure carrying an image sensor, where the spring structure has a single living hinge.
[0036] FIG. 8A is a view of a distal portion of the endoscope of FIG. 7 in a first, straight insertion configuration with an outer sleeve and inner sleeve in part-sectional views, with the flexible spring structure and image sensor constrained within the bore of the outer sleeve.
[0037] FIG. 8B is a view of the endoscope of FIG. 8A in a second deployed configuration with the outer sleeve retracted and the image sensor moved outwardly and away from the axis of the shaft by the spring force inherent in the single living hinge portion of the flexible spring structure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an endoscope 100 corresponding to the invention which includes a proximal handle 106 coupled to a shaft or shaft assembly 110 extending about longitudinal axis 111 to a distal working end 115. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the shaft includes an outer sleeve 120 and an inner sleeve 122 having a passageway or working channel 125 therein that extends though the handle 106 and inner sleeve 122 to a distal open end 128. In one variation, the shaft 110 has a diameter ranging between 2.5 mm and 10 mm with a length configured for use in hysteroscopy. More commonly, the shaft diameter is from 3 mm to 6 mm in diameter. The working channel 125 or tool-receiving channel is adapted for receiving various types of tools and typically has a diameter ranging between 1 mm and 6 mm, and more often from 2 mm to 4 mm. In use, a tool used in the endoscope can have a straight shaft and comprise a biopsy device, an electrocautery device, an electrosurgical ablation device, a resection device or any other type of tool known in the art. Typically, the endoscope 100 of FIG. 1 configured for single-use and is not intended for sterilization and re-use.
[0039] Referring to FIG. 2, the working end 115 includes a flexible spring structure or member 140 which functions as a leaf spring and is coupled to the distal end 142 of inner sleeve 122, for example, by welding a proximal portion of the flexible member 140 to the distal end 142 of inner sleeve 122. In one variation shown in FIG. 2, the flexible member 140 has proximal leg portions 144a and 144b that are welded to inner sleeve 122 along weld lines W. Alternatively, the flexible member 140 can consist of a machined portion of the inner sleeve 122. As will be described further below, the flexible member 140 as shown in FIG. 2 and FIGS. 4A-4C is configured with first and second living hinge portions 145A and 145B, each with an inherent sprint force, that are adapted to flex independently to provide a plurality of selected flexed positions. It can be seen that the flexible member 140 has a proximal portion 146 that is proximal to living hinge 145A, an intermediate portion 148 between living hinges 145A and 145B and a distal portion 149 that is distal to the second living hinge 145B.
[0040] As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, an image sensor 150 is coupled to a distal end portion 152 of a flex circuit 155 that extends through the shaft 110 and is adjacent the flexible member 140 in the working end 115 (FIG. 2). The term image sensor 150 as used herein refers to the assembly of a CMOS sensor chip 160, a lens 162 (consisting of an assembly of optical elements) and a sensor housing 164 as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the partially exploded view of FIG. 2, the CMOS sensor chip 160 is shown coupled to flex circuit 155 where the recess 165 in the sensor housing 164 is dimensioned to receive the sensor chip 160. In a variation, the sensor chip 160 is an OmniVision part number OV9734 CMOS 720p HD PurCel® image sensor available from OmniVision Technologies, Inc., 4275 Burton Drive, Santa Clara Calif. 95054. This sensor chip 160 has a field of view FOV of 100° about an optical or view axis A.
[0041] The sensor chip 160 is coupled through cable 168 to an image processor 170 and a controller 175 by electrical leads in the flex circuit 155 that extends through the shaft 110 and handle 106 to the cable 168. The controller 175 is adapted to control operating parameters of the sensor chip 160 as well as other components of the endoscope 100 as will be described below. The controller 175 and image processor 170 are typically housed in a console or base unit B (FIG. 1). A video display or monitor M is also connected to the image processor 170 and controller 175 for viewing images from the image sensor 150 (FIG. 1).
[0042] As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the flex circuit 155 and sensor housing 164 also carry one or more light emitters, for example, two LEDs indicated at 176A and 176B. Electrical leads in the flex circuit 155 connect the LEDs 176A-176B to the controller 175 which includes an electrical source to provide power to the LEDs. In FIG. 2, it can be seen that LEDs 176A and 176B are connected to two opposing arms 177a and 177b of the flex circuit 155. The flex circuit 155 and its arms 177a and 177b are designed with weakened thickness sections across the flex circuit that allows 90° bends of the angled distal end portion 152 that couples to the sensor chip 160 and the arms 177a and 177b. The angled distal flex circuit portion 152 and the arms 177a and 177b are bonded to the sensor housing 164 to be maintained in the configuration shown in FIG. 1.
[0043] In FIGS. 2 and 4A, it can be seen that the flex circuit 155 also carries an accelerometer 180 with electrical leads in the flex circuit 155 connected to the controller 175 and image processor 170 (FIG. 1). The accelerometer 180 sends signals to the controller 175 and image processor 170 regarding movement and orientation of the working end 115 wherein such signals are processed by control algorithms to adjust the image on the video display or monitor M (FIG. 1) to be maintained in a selected orientation, such as an image-upright orientation, no matter how the endoscope 100 and working end 115 are rotated. As used herein, the term accelerometer is intended include any suitable accelerometer and/or gyroscope known in the art, and in one variation is an STMicro IIS2DH three-axis linear accelerometer, and in other variations can be any 3-axis accelerometer or 6 axis IMU (Inertial Motion Unit) with a 3 accelerometer axes and 3 gyroscope axes, e.g., an STMicro ISM330DLC, available from STMicroelectronics Inc., 7033 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 300, Scottsdale, 85254, Arizona.
[0044] Referring again to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4A, it can be seen that the flex circuit 155 extends through the shaft 110 in a space or inflow channel 185 between the inner surface 186 of outer sleeve 120 and the outer surface 188 of the inner sleeve 122. In one variation best seen in FIG. 2, as well as in FIGS. 4A-4C, the flex circuit 155 is configured to pass through a gap 190 between proximal leg portions 144a and 144b of the flexible member 140 such that a superior surface of the flexible member 140 is configured with a first deflecting surface or cam surface 195 which may be used to actuate the flexible member 140 as described below. In FIGS. 4A-4C, it can be seen that a second ramp or second cam surface 196 is provided on the inferior side of flex circuit 155 which also can also be used to actuate the flexible member 140. The second deflecting surface or cam surface 196 can consist of a durable, integrated outer layer 198 of the flex circuit 155 or can be a metal or polymer element connected to the flex circuit 155 (see FIGS. 4A-4B).
[0045] Referring now to FIG. 3, the handle 106 is shown with an outer shell 202 removed to better view the interior core 206 of the handle 106. It can be seen in a first Luer fitting 212 is formed as part of the core 206 and is in fluid communication with inflow channel 185 as described above between outer sleeve 120 and inner sleeve 122 extending through the shaft 110. A fluid source 220 can be connected to the Luer fitting 212 with inflow tubing 222 to provide fluid inflows to the inflow channel 185 (see FIG. 2). The fluid source 220 can be a gravity-flow bag or a fluid reservoir that is connected to an inflow pump as described below.
[0046] Still referring to FIG. 3, a negative pressure source (or outflow pump) 225 is connected to outflow tubing 226 which connects to a second Luer connector 228 formed in the core 206 of the handle 106 that further communicates with the working channel 125 or bore of the inner sleeve 122. In FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen that the working channel 125 in the inner sleeve 122 extends through the core 206 of the handle 106 to a proximal opening 235 and a seal 236 in a recess 238 in the proximal end of handle 106. The seal 236 can comprise any type of elastomeric seal know in the art, such as a duckbill valve or the like, to accommodate the shaft 240 of a tool 242 inserted through working channel 125 to prevent fluid leakage through proximal opening 235.
[0047] Now turning to FIGS. 4A-4C, it can be seen how the flexible member 140 and image sensor 150 can be moved from a first position as shown in FIG. 4A to a second position as shown in FIG. 4B and to a range of third positions as shown in FIG. 4C. As can be easily understood, the working end 115 in the first position of FIG. 4A defines a cylindrical profile CP or envelope that consists of the outer diameter D of the outer sleeve 120. This cylindrical insertion profile CP has a lesser cross-section and is adapted for atraumatic insertion of the shaft 110 through a body passageway into a body cavity, such as inserting the device through a patient's cervical canal into a uterine cavity. In this cylindrical insertion profile CP, the image sensor 160 and lens 162 have an optical axis A and field of view FOV that are angled relative to the longitudinal axis 111 of the shaft 110 such that the field of view FOV allows visualization of the body passageway as the working end 115 is advanced through such a body passageway. The optical axis A typically may be angled from 10° to 40° away from the longitudinal axis 111 (indicated at AA) of the shaft 110 in the first position of FIG. 4A.
[0048] FIG. 4B shows the outer sleeve 120 moved in the proximal direction relative to inner sleeve 122 wherein the flexible member 140 and the image sensor 160 are moved to a second deployed position in which the image sensor 160 is moved outwardly and away from the longitudinal axis 111 of the shaft 110. As can be understood from FIG. 4B, the distal edge 244 of the outer sleeve 120 slides proximally against the first deflecting surface 195 of the superior side of flexible member 140 and the spring force of living hinge portion 145A of the flexible member 140 is biased to move from the position of FIG. 4A to the position of FIG. 4B. Typically, the flexible member 140 is tensioned in the first position of FIG. 4A and non-tensioned in the position of FIG. 4B. Optionally, or in addition, the spring force of living hinge portion 145A may be configured such that the tool 242 introduced through the working channel 125 (broken line in FIG. 2A) contacts the second deflecting surface 196 on the flexible member 140 to deflect the living hinge portion 145A of flexible member 140 to the position shown in FIG. 4B. In other words, the living hinge portion 145A can be actuated from the position of FIG. 4A to the position of FIG. 4B entirely, or partially, by the spring force inherent in the living hinge portion 145A of the flexible member 140.
[0049] In FIG. 4B, the non-cylindrical deployed profile DP of the distal end 115 has a substantially greater cross-section than diameter D of the shaft 110. The configuration of FIG. 4B moves the image sensor 150 to a position where the field of view FOV is angled to observe the distal end of tool 242 introduced through the working channel 125 into the body cavity. In the deployed position of FIG. 4B, the optical axis A typically may be angled from 0° to 30° away from the longitudinal axis 111 of the shaft 110 (see AA′).
[0050] FIG. 4C next show the outer sleeve 120 moved in the distal direction relative to inner sleeve 122 while the tool shaft 240 remains deployed through the working channel 125. As can be easily understood, the first living hinge 145A and proximal and intermediate portions 146, 148 of flexible member 140 are locked or constrained in the position of FIG. 4B, and distal movement of the distal edge 244 of outer sleeve 120 against the first deflecting surface 195 overcomes the spring force inherent in living hinge portion 145B to deflect the distal portion 149 of the flexible member 140 toward the axis 111 of the shaft 110. It can be understood that a range of deployed third positions are possible with one angled position shown in FIG. 4C, where the optical axis A typically may be moved to a selected angle ranging from 10° to 45° away from the longitudinal axis 111 of the shaft 110 (see AA″). Thus, the axial movement of the outer sleeve 120 can move the flexible member 140 from the non-tensioned position of FIG. 4B to a range of tensioned positions between the positions of FIGS. 4B and 4C.
[0051] Referring again to FIG. 4C, to return the working end 115 of the endoscope 110 to the insertion or cylindrical profile CP of FIG. 4A, the tool 242 is withdrawn from the working channel and 125 and the outer sleeve 120 is moved in the distal direction relative to inner sleeve 122.
[0052] In the variation shown in FIGS. 1 and FIGS. 4A-4C, it can be understood that the outer sleeve 120 is moved proximally and distally relative to the inner sleeve 122 by finger grip 252 in the handle 106 that is moved axially in slot 254. It should be appreciated that relative movement of the inner and outer sleeves 120 and 122 can be accomplished either by sliding the outer sleeve 120 in the axially, or by sliding the inner sleeve 122 and flexible member 140 in an axial direction.
[0053] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4A-4C, it can be seen that inflow channel 185 extends through the shaft 110 and has an distal open termination 260 in the shaft 110 in the first position of FIG. 4A with the cylindrical insertion profile CP of the working end 115. The inflow channel 185 is used for fluid inflows during insertion of the working end 115 through a body passageway where the fluid inflow can distend and open the body passageway as well as provide fluid flows around the sensor lens 162 to maintain a clear field of view. Referring to FIG. 5, the cross-section of space 185 around the image sensor 150 is shown which provides the fluid inflow pathway in the first position of FIG. 4A. As can be understood from FIGS. 4B and 5, the inflow channel 185 remains open in the second position or deployed profile of the working end 115.
[0054] In one variation, the controller 170 includes fluid management algorithms that operate an inflow pump 265 connected to the inflow tubing 222 and inflow channel 185 together with an the negative pressure source (outflow pump) 225 coupled to outflow tubing 226 and the working channel 125 to provide fluid outflows which then can create a circulating flow through a patient's body passageway or body cavity, for example, a patient's cervical canal and uterine cavity. The fluid management algorithms can maintain a selected intra-cavity pressure as is known in the art. In such as system, the outflow tubing 226 can be detached from the Luer connector 228 and attached to the tool 242 to provide for fluid outflows through an outflow channel 264 in the tool shaft 240 as is known in the art (see FIGS. 4B-4C).
[0055] In another aspect, referring to FIGS. 2 and 5, the design of endoscope 100 allows for the use of a sensor chip 160 having a large diagonal dimension DD relative to the cylindrical insertion profile CP of the shaft assembly 110 and working end 115 in the first position of FIGS. 1, 2 and 4A (alternatively, the diameter D of shaft 110, outer sleeve 120). At the same time, the design of the endoscope 100, when moved to the deployed profile DP and second deployed position of FIG. 4B, allows for a working channel 125 extending through the shaft 110 that has a large channel diameter WCD relative to the cylindrical insertion profile CP (diameter D of shaft 110) of FIGS. 1, 2 and 4A. In one variation, the cylindrical insertion profile CP of FIG. 4A has a diameter of 4.45 mm and the increased cross-section of the deployed profile DP of FIG. 4B is 6.23 mm.
[0056] Referring to FIGS. 4A and 5, it again can be seen that the endoscope shaft 110 has a diameter D extending about a longitudinal axis 111 to a the working end 115, a sensor chip 160 with a diagonal dimension DD carried by the sensor housing 164, and a working channel with diameter WCD extending through the shaft 110, wherein the open passageway 255 in outer sleeve 120 distal from working channel 125 of inner sleeve 122 has a lesser cross-section in the first position of FIG. 4A and a greater cross-section in the position of FIG. 4B to thus accommodate the tool 240 introduced therethrough.
[0057] In a variation, the combination of sensor chip's diagonal dimension DD and the working channel diameter WCD are greater than the cylindrical insertion profile CP (see FIGS. 4A and 5). In such a variation, the diagonal dimension DD of sensor chip 160 has a ratio of greater than 0.5:1 relative to the cylindrical insertion profile CP, or a ratio of greater than 0.6:1 relative to profile CP. In a variation, the working channel diameter WCD in the deployed profile DP has a ratio of than 0.5:1 relative to the cylindrical profile CP, or a ratio of greater than 0.6:1 relative to the cylindrical profile CP.
[0058] In one variation, the CMOS sensor chip described above (OmniVision part number OV9734 CMOS 720p HD PurCel® sensor) has width and height dimensions of 2.53 mm×1.72 mm with a diagonal dimension DD of 3.06 mm. In this variation, the cylindrical insertion profile CP (or diameter D) is 4.45 mm and thus the ratio of the sensor chip diagonal DD relative to the cylindrical profile CP is 0.69:1. In this variation, the working channel diameter WCD is 3.02 mm and thus the ratio of the working channel diameter WCD in the deployed profile DP relative to the cylindrical profile CP is 0.68:1.
[0059] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, a control pad 270 is provided in the handle 106 with actuator buttons 272 for operating the endoscope 100, which for example can turn on/off the image sensor 160, capture still images, adjust light emitted from the LEDs, etc. In a variation, the control pad 270 can also be provided with buttons, toggles or the like to operates various aspects of the fluid management system comprising inflow pump 265 and negative pressure source 225, such as flow rates, flush, a selected set pressure and the like. Controls for the endoscope and fluid management aspects of the system can also be provided in the console B (FIG. 1) or on an independent re-usable pad that can be attached to the handle 106 of the endoscope 100 or in a connector (not shown) that couples with cable 168 extending away from the handle 106.
[0060] Referring now to FIG. 6, the interior core 206 of the handle 106 is shown from a different angle with the outer shell 202 of FIG. 1 removed. In this view, it can be seen that the working channel 125 extends through the handle core 206 to a proximal opening 235 a seal 236. The recess 238 in the proximal end of handle core 206 is configured for receiving the distal end of a tool and then directing the tool into the proximal opening 235 and seal into the working channel 125.
[0061] FIG. 6 also shows an optional location for an accelerometer 180′ which again is coupled to a single flex circuit 155. An accelerometer 180′ in this location in the handle core 206 can operate as described previously to send position signals to the image processor 170 and controller 175. In another variation, a first accelerometer 180 can be located on the flex circuit 155 proximate the image sensor 150 as shown in FIG. 2 and a second accelerometer 180′ can be located on the flex circuit 155 in the handle as shown in FIG. 6. In such a variation, signals from both accelerometers 180 and 180′ can be processed to confirm rotational positions or one accelerometer can be used as a backup if signals from the other accelerometer fail for any reason.
[0062] Now turning to FIGS. 7, 8A and 8B, another variation of endoscope working end 415 is shown which is similar to that of FIGS. 1-6. The variation of FIGS. 7-8B again has a shaft 410 with an outer sleeve 420 and an inner sleeve 422 with working channel 425, where the outer sleeve 420 is axially moveable and configured to actuate a metal spring structure 440 between a first cylindrical insertion configuration CP′ and a second deployed configuration DP′ (see FIGS. 8A-8B). In this variation, the spring structure 440 is simplified and includes a single living hinge portion 444. The inner sleeve 422 is coupled with weld W′ to the spring structure 440 that carries an image sensor 450 with optical axis A and field of view FOV is the same as described previously. As can be seen in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the flex circuit 455 extends through the shaft 410 in the space or inflow channel 456 between the inner and outer sleeves (420, 422). The image sensor 450 has an inferior surface that is bonded to distal end 458 of the spring structure 440. As can be seen in FIG. 7, a secondary ramp element 460 (typically metal) is connected to the spring structure 440 with lateral couplings 462a and 462b. The ramp element is adapted to provide a first or superior deflecting surface 465. The inferior surface of the spring structure 440 is configured with a second or inferior deflecting surface 466. Both the deflecting surfaces 465 and 466 may be used to actuate or move the spring structure 440 between the first position of FIG. 8A and the second position of FIG. 8B. As can be understood from FIGS. 8A and 8B, in one variation, the inner sleeve 420 can be retracted such that the distal edge 470 of outer sleeve 420 slides along superior deflecting surface 465 and the spring force inherent in a tensioned living hinge 444 can move the spring structure 440 and image sensor 450 to the second position of FIG. 8B. In another variation that can be understood from FIG. 8B, a tool 472 can be advanced through the working channel 425 such that the tool 472 will contact the inferior deflecting surface 466 of spring structure 440 and move a partially tensioned or non-tensioned living hinge 444 to the second position of FIG. 8B. In all other respects, the features of the endoscope 400 of FIGS. 7-8B operate as described previously. In this variation, an accelerometer 480 is shown coupled to the flex circuit 455 proximal to the image sensor 450.
[0063] In the variations of working ends (115, 415) described above, the spring structures (140, 440) and image sensors (150, 450) and the distal portions of flex circuits (155, 455) are illustrated in a skeletal form which is economical and suitable for an endoscope used in medical procedures. It should be appreciated that such spring structures and image sensors can be disposed within a housing or elastomeric covering, or molded into an elastomer (not shown), and fall within the scope of the invention.
[0064] In general, an endoscope of the invention comprises a handle coupled to an elongated shaft extending about a longitudinal axis to a distal end that carries a spring structure or flexible member with an image sensor at the distal end of the shaft, and where the spring structure is moveable between (i) an insertion position having a first reduced shaft profile where the field of view is oriented to observe insertion of the shaft through a body passage, and (ii) at least one deployed position having a second expanded shaft profile with the image sensor moved away from the longitudinal axis such that the field of view is oriented to observe a tool introduced through the working channel into a working space. The endoscope further includes at least one LED proximate the image sensor that is coupled to the image sensor. Additionally, an accelerometer is carried by the endoscope positioned proximal to the image sensor where the accelerometer is configured to send image signals to an image processor which includes algorithms for displaying images on a display in a selected orientation no matter what the rotational position of the shaft and image sensor may be.
[0065] In general, a method of the invention comprises providing a system including an endoscope, image processor, controller and inflow and outflow pumps, where the endoscope has an axially-extending shaft with a distal spring structure carrying an image sensor, where the spring structure is moveable between (i) a first configuration with a reduced profile where the sensor's field of view is oriented to observe introduction of the shaft through a passage in the patient's body, and (ii) at least one second configuration having an expanded profile with the image sensor moved away from the shaft axis where the field of view is oriented to observe a tool introduced through a working channel therein, and wherein the steps of the method include introducing the shaft in the first configuration through a body passageway into a working space while viewing images from the image sensor, operating the inflow and outflow pumps with the controller to circulate fluid flows within the patient's body, moving the spring structure from the first configuration to the second configuration, advancing a tool through a working channel into the working space, and viewing the tool with images from the image sensor and performing a treatment in the working space with the tool. The method includes using an accelerometer to send position signals to the controller and image processor, and then operating the controller and image processor to continuously adjust images on a display to a selected orientation, for example, an upright orientation. The method further include the step of operating the inflow and outflow pumps to circulate fluid flows while maintaining a selected pressure in the working space.
[0066] Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, it will be understood that this description is merely for purposes of illustration and the above description of the invention is not exhaustive. Specific features of the invention are shown in some drawings and not in others, and this is for convenience only and any feature may be combined with another in accordance with the invention. Particular features that are presented in dependent claims can be combined and fall within the scope of the invention. The invention also encompasses embodiments as if dependent claims were alternatively written in a multiple dependent claim format with reference to other independent claims.
[0067] The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
[0068] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
