Illumination system and method for maintaining a common illumination value on a release command sent from a keypad

Abstract

An illumination system and method are disclosed for maintaining a consistent change in illumination value among a group of illumination devices whenever a change command is manually sent from a keypad to those illumination devices. The consistent change results from maintaining a common start illumination value among not only the group, but also the keypad which controls the group. From the start illumination value, the keypad can then compute an end illumination value depending upon the amount of time that an increase or decrease in illumination value button is depressed and held. Since the change command can arrive at different illumination devices within the group depending upon where each illumination device is geographically located, a masking time is reserved after the button is released so that enough time is allocated for each of the illumination devices within that group to arrive at a common end illumination value.

Claims

1. A method to communicate between illumination devices included in a plurality of networked illumination devices, comprising: receiving, by control circuitry, a first signal that includes information indicative of a duration of a maintained actuation of a user actuatable element; determining, by the control circuitry, whether the duration of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element exceeds a defined hold time, wherein the defined hold time includes a mask value greater than or equal to a temporal duration of the greatest communication latency between at least two of the plurality of networked illumination devices; retrieving, from memory circuitry, data representative of a starting value associated with an output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices responsive to the determination that the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element exceeds the defined hold time; causing, by the control circuitry, a communication of a command to at least one other of the plurality of networked illumination devices, wherein the command includes an instruction to begin changing the output parameter of each of the plurality of networked illumination devices; receiving, by the control circuitry, an input indicative of a discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; determining, by the control circuitry, an ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices responsive to receipt of the input indicative of the discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; causing, by the control circuitry, a communication of the determined ending value associated with the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the communication to cause each of the plurality of networked illumination devices to reach the determined ending value over an adjustment period equal to or less than the mask value, wherein the adjustment period commences with the receipt of the input indicative of the discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; and causing, by the control circuitry, a replacement of the data representative of the starting value associated with the output parameter in the memory circuitry with data representative of the determined ending value associated with the output parameter.

2. An illumination device apparatus, comprising: a user actuatable element communications interface circuitry; memory circuitry; and control circuitry communicatively coupled to the user actuatable element, the communications interface circuitry, and to the memory circuitry, the control circuitry to: receive, via the communications interface circuitry, a first signal that includes information indicative of a maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; determine whether the duration of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element exceeds a defined hold time, wherein the defined hold time includes a mask value greater than or equal to a temporal duration of the greatest communication latency between at least two of the plurality of networked illumination devices; retrieve, from the memory circuitry, data representative of a starting value associated with an output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices responsive to the determination that the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element exceeds the defined hold time; cause a communication, via the communications interface circuitry, of a command to at least one other of the plurality of networked illumination devices, wherein the command includes an instruction to begin changing the output parameter of each of the plurality of networked illumination devices; receive, via the communications interface circuitry, an input indicative of discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; determine an ending output parameter value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices responsive to receipt of the input indicative of the discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; cause the communications interface circuitry to communicate the determined ending value associated with the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the communication to cause each of the plurality of networked illumination devices to reach the determined ending value over an adjustment period less than or equal to the mask value, wherein the adjustment period commences with the receipt of the input indicative of the discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; and cause a replacement of the data representative of the starting value associated with the output parameter with data representative of the determined ending value associated with the output parameter.

3. A non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device that includes instructions that, when executed by control circuitry disposed in one of a plurality of mesh-networked illumination devices, causes the control circuitry to: receive, via communications interface circuitry, a first signal that includes information indicative of a duration of a maintained actuation of a user actuatable element; determine whether the duration of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element exceeds a defined hold time, wherein the defined hold time includes a mask value greater than or equal to a temporal duration of the greatest communication latency between at least two of the plurality of networked illumination devices; retrieve, from the memory circuitry, data representative of a starting value associated with an output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices responsive to the determination that the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element exceeds the defined hold time; cause, the communications interface circuitry to communicate a command to at least one other of the plurality of networked illumination devices, wherein the command includes an instruction to begin changing the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices; receive an input indicative of discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; determine an ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices responsive to receipt of the input indicative of the discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; cause the communications interface circuitry to communicate the determined ending value associated with the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the communication to cause each of the plurality of networked illumination devices to reach the determined ending value over an adjustment period less than or equal to the mask value, wherein the adjustment period commences with the receipt of the input indicative of the discontinuation of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element; and replace, in the memory circuitry, the data representative of the starting output parameter value with data representative of the determined ending output parameter value.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving the first signal, further comprises: receiving, by the control circuitry, a maintained actuation of an actuatable button by the user.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein retrieving the data representative of the starting value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further comprises: retrieving, from the memory circuitry, a starting illumination intensity level for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein retrieving the data representative of the starting value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further comprises: retrieving, from the memory circuitry, a starting illumination color produced by each of the plurality of networked illumination devices.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further comprises: determining, by the control circuitry, the ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices based on the retrieved starting value associated with the output parameter and the duration of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein causing the communication of the command that includes the instruction to begin changing the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further comprises: causing, by the control circuitry, a groupcast of the command that includes the instruction to begin changing the output parameter, the groupcast further including data representative of a group identifier associated with at least a portion of the networked illumination devices.

9. The apparatus of claim 2: wherein the user actuatable element comprises a button; and wherein to receive the first signal that includes information indicative of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element, the control circuitry to further: receive information indicative of the maintained actuation of the button by the user.

10. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein to retrieve the starting value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the control circuitry to further: retrieve, from the memory circuitry, a starting illumination intensity level for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices.

11. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein to retrieve the starting value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the control circuitry to further: retrieve, from the memory circuitry, a starting illumination color produced by each of the plurality of networked illumination devices.

12. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein to determine the ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the control circuitry to further: determine the ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices based on the retrieved starting value associated with the output parameter and the duration of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element.

13. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein to cause the communication of the command that includes the instruction to begin changing the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, the control circuitry to further: groupcast the command that includes the instruction to begin changing the output parameter, wherein the groupcast further includes data representative of a group identifier associated with at least a portion of the networked illumination devices.

14. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 3 wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to receive the first signal that includes information indicative of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element, further cause the control circuitry to: receive information indicative of the maintained actuation of a button by the user.

15. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 3 wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to retrieve the starting value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further cause the control circuitry to: retrieve, from memory circuitry, a starting illumination intensity level for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices.

16. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 3 wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to retrieve the starting value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further cause the control circuitry to: retrieve, from memory circuitry, a starting illumination color produced by each of the plurality of networked illumination devices.

17. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 3 wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to determine the ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further cause the control circuitry to: determine the ending value associated with the output parameter for each of the plurality of networked illumination devices based on the retrieved starting value associated with the output parameter and the duration of the maintained actuation of the user actuatable element.

18. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 3 wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to cause the communication of the command that includes the instruction to begin changing the output parameter to each of the plurality of networked illumination devices, further cause the control circuitry to: groupcast the command that includes the instruction to begin changing the output parameter, wherein the groupcast further includes data representative of a group identifier associated with at least a portion of the networked illumination devices.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 is a plan diagram of a structure comprising a plurality of illumination devices wirelessly in communication with each other and with a remote control keypad that is either a physical keypad or a virtual keypad on a graphical user interface (GUI) of a mobile device linked to the network of illumination devices by a gateway, router or hub.

(3) FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illumination system comprising an illumination device within a group that is controlled by a keypad.

(4) FIG. 3 is a plan diagram of a group of illumination devices within a network wirelessly controlled by one or more keypads for receiving one or more illumination values.

(5) FIG. 4 is an example of a group of illumination devices having a group address as well as scene or show content stored therein, accessible by the keypad to change upon groupcast addressing of an illumination value stored within the group with various delays in the change.

(6) FIG. 5 is an example of buttons on a keypad, according to one embodiment, to change the illumination values of a group of illumination devices wirelessly controlled by the keypad.

(7) FIG. 6 is an example of buttons on a keypad, according to another embodiment, to change the illumination values of a group of illumination devices wirelessly controlled by the keypad.

(8) FIG. 7 is a state diagram of the press, hold, and release states and the effect on the start and end illumination values communicated to the group of illumination devices and the keypad.

(9) FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating the computation of an end illumination value and sending of same from the keypad to the group of illumination devices.

(10) FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of the delay from a press state on the keypad to when a change in illumination value begins on various illumination devices within the group, and the corresponding masking time needed to make the end illumination value common among the illumination devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(11) Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a residence 10 containing a plurality of illumination devices 12a, 12b, 12c, etc. Not all illumination devices are labeled for sake of brevity in the drawings. A residence, or structure 10, may have numerous bedrooms, living rooms, and outdoor illumination regions, and a significant number of illumination devices 12 can be arranged throughout that structure, more so than those shown in FIG. 1.

(12) Preferably, each illumination device 12 comprises at least one LED and a wireless communication interface. A popular communication protocol can be WPAN using IEEE 802.15.4 and/or any protocol based thereon, such as ZigBee. The illumination devices within various rooms can have different functionality and have different appearances. For example, illumination devices in the ceiling may be PAR illumination devices, whereas illumination devices in nightstands, or next to couches, can be A20 illumination devices. There can also be illumination devices, or lamps, such as wall lamps, or any other type of configuration needed for a structure 10. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the living room can have four illumination devices arranged as downlights in the ceiling and two illumination devices placed on stands 11 next to a couch 13. Moreover, structure 10 can have at least one bedroom, with possibly two downlight illumination devices mounted in the ceiling, an illumination device on nightstand 15, and two illumination devices on chest 17. Of course, there can be multiple other configurations, with the configuration shown in FIG. 1 as only an example of illumination devices 12 arranged within a portion of a structure 10.

(13) Also arranged within structure 10 are keypads 14a and 14b, possibly mounted on a wall, like a light switch. Like illumination devices 12, keypads 14 can be removably coupled to an AC mains. The AC mains can provide power to the illumination devices and keypads 14. However, in some instances, the keypad need only be coupled to the AC mains for recharging an internal battery within each keypad so that the keypad can be removed and taken from its, for example, wall mount location to anywhere within a room having a group of illumination devices that it controls. As shown in FIG. 1, keypad 14a controls one or more groups of illumination devices within the living room, whereas keypad 14b can control one or more groups of illumination devices within the bedroom.

(14) Keypads 14a and 14b in the example shown in FIG. 1 wirelessly communicate over a first communication protocol to their corresponding group or groups of illumination devices via a WPAN RF communication link. However, it is contemplated that a second communication protocol can be used and linked to the first communication protocol via a bridge, gateway, or hub 18 that can be placed in proximity to the structure 10 and can allow the second communication protocol, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc., to communicate from, for example, a mobile phone proximate to or distal (several hundred miles, or further) from the structure 10 to the various groups of illumination devices 12.

(15) Turning now to FIG. 2, an illumination system 20 is shown according to one example. Illumination system 20 comprises a group of illumination devices controlled by a keypad. For sake of brevity, FIG. 2 illustrates one illumination device 12 possibly within a group of multiple illumination devices controlled by a keypad 14. The illumination device can comprise a plurality of emission LEDs 22 arranged in, for example, four chains of any number of serially-connected LEDs. For example, emission LEDs 22 may include a chain of red LEDs, a chain of green LEDs, a chain of blue LEDs, and a chain of white or yellow LEDs. However, the preferred embodiments are not limited to any particular number of LED chains, any particular number of LEDs within each chain, or any particular color or combination of the LED colors. In some embodiments, the emission LEDs 22 may be mounted on a substrate encapsulated within a primary optic structure of an emitter module, possibly along with one or more photodetectors.

(16) In addition to the emission LEDs 22, illumination device 12 includes various hardware and software components for powering the illumination device 12 and controlling the light output from the one or more emitter modules. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, illumination device 12 is connected to AC mains 24, and includes AC/DC conversion 26 for converting the AC mains voltage to a DC voltage. The DC voltage can be supplied directly to a driver circuit, such as an LED driver circuit 28 to produce the drive currents that are then supplied to the emission LEDs 22 for producing illumination. If necessary, another converter, such as a DC/DC converter may be needed to convert the DC voltage to a lower voltage used to power the lower voltage circuit of the illumination device 12, such as phase-locked loop (PLL) 30, interface 32, real-time clock 34, and memory 36 of controller 38. The DC/DC converter may or may not be needed, and additional timing circuitry may be needed to provide timing and synchronization signals to the controlling driver circuits.

(17) In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2, PLL 30 is included within illumination device 12 for providing timing and synchronization signals. PLL 30 can lock onto the AC mains frequency and can produce a high-speed clock (CLK) signal and a synchronization signal (SYNC). The CLK signal provides timing for the controller 38 as well as the LED driver circuit 28. The SYNC signal is used by the controller 38 to create the timing signals used to control the LED driver 28. An example of various configurations for illumination device 12 are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 9,392,663, commonly assigned and herein incorporated by reference.

(18) Interface 32 within illumination device 12 can be used to receive datasets, or content, from an external calibration tool during manufacturing of the device, or during provisioning or commissioning of the illumination device 12, or group of illumination devices. The datasets or content received via interface 32 may be stored in a mapping table within storage medium 36 of controller 38, for example. Examples of data set or content that may be received via interface 32 include, but are not limited to, the luminous flux, brightness, intensity, wavelength, chromaticity, and/or color temperature emitted by the illumination module 22. In addition, an address of each illumination device as well as a common group address for a group of illumination devices that are to have common start and end illumination values controlled by a single groupcast signal can be stored as content within memory 36 during commissioning or provisioning of the various illumination devices 12 within structure 10. The mechanism in which illumination devices are grouped during the commissioning process and as well as addresses and group addresses assigned to each group as well as content stored in the various groups is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 9,655,215, commonly assigned and herein incorporated by reference.

(19) In addition to receiving datasets or content during provisioning or commissioning of various groups of illumination devices, interface 32 can also be used to receive commands, or signals, from, for example, one or more keypads 14 remote from, yet wirelessly communicating with, one or more groups of illumination devices 12, as shown in FIG. 2. By user actuation on a button or slider of keypad 14, a command to change the illumination value previously stored in an illumination device can be wirelessly transmitted. Like controller 38 of each illumination device 12, keypad 14 contains a memory 40. For reasons that will be described below, memory 40, like memory 36, contains start and end illumination values. The start illumination value within each of the group of illumination devices stored in memory 36 is preferably the same as the start illumination value within memory 40 of keypad 14 that controls that group. Likewise, the end illumination value stored in each of the group of illumination devices within the corresponding memory 36 is the same as the end illumination value stored in memory 40 of keypad 14. Also, preferably, the end illumination value is computed by a processor 42 by fetching the start illumination value within memory 40 and updating that illumination value to an end illumination value as will be described below. The end illumination value is then groupcast as a value within a command to obtain the end illumination value sent to the appropriate group of illumination devices based on the group address stored in memory 36 of each of the illumination devices within that group.

(20) While interface 32 is preferably a wireless interface configured to operate over an RF channel according to, for example, ZigBee, or any other proprietary or standard wireless data communication protocol, interface 32 can also comprise a wired interface to, for example, a wire that couples from keypad 14 to each of the plurality of illumination devices within structure 10. Using the CLK and SYNC signals received from PLL 30, real-time clock (RTC) 34 can receive via interface 32 a periodic set of time-of-day signals from, for example, keypad 14 to periodically change the scene within one or more groups of illumination devices at a time-based interval to create a show. The show can have a change in daylight emulation as a function of time of day as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,655,215, commonly assigned and herein incorporated by reference.

(21) FIG. 3 illustrates the different types of communication protocols, as well as communication between different types of keypads 14 and one or more groups of illumination devices 12. A keypad, such as keypad 14a or 14b, can simply be one or more mobile devices that include a dongle with a USB interface and radio. The dongle can be plugged into the USB port of the mobile device and the combination of both forms keypads 14a or 14b that communicates through that dongle, or built-in interface, to the appropriate interface within each of the illumination devices 12 of a group or groups of illumination devices. Not only does a keypad with external interface or built-in interface communicate with the corresponding interfaces of illumination devices 12 directly via the wireless personal area network (WPAN) but can also correspond with each other so that one keypad can wirelessly communicate with another, as shown. If a keypad, such as a mobile device or smartphone with external or built-in interface 14c is to communicate through a hub, bridge, or gateway 18, then keypad 14c communicates using a different protocol (second protocol) than that of the first protocol at which the various illumination devices 12 communicate with each other as well as keypads 14a and 14b.

(22) During the discovery, commissioning, or provisioning phase, for example, a broadcast discovery signal is sent from keypad 14 through the WPAN mesh network from hop-to-hop, as shown by FIG. 4. The broadcast discovery signal is acknowledged with an acknowledge signal sent back from, for example, unique addresses 19 to 28 to 31 illustrated, for example, in hexadecimal. The broadcast discovery and acknowledge back forms a routing table with a destination address and next hop address shown in FIG. 4 for a particular illumination device 12X. The routing table is stored in the memory of illumination device 12X, along with what will be described as the group address and the content associated with that group address. The group address and content can have a group address of, for example, the four downlights within the living room of structure 10 shown in FIG. 1 and illustrated in the routing table of FIG. 4 (LIVING: 4 DN) thereby forming the groupcast table. Descriptions of forming the groupcast table as stored in the memory of each illumination device within each group, as well as the content, destination addresses, and the next hop address, are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 9,655,215, commonly assigned and herein incorporated by reference.

(23) Of importance, shown in FIG. 4, is that each illumination device within a particular group address, such as the living room four downlight group address, is the same. In particular, the illumination values stored in the memory of each illumination device within a group is the end illumination value that becomes the start illumination value when the keypad button undergoes the next press state. The common end illumination value becomes the subsequent common start illumination value or any values which have an effect on the output of an illumination device, such as brightness, intensity, chromaticity, color temperature, wavelength, flux, etc. Those illumination values can be stored as part of the groupcast table within memory of each illumination device within the group so that when a button is actuated on the keypad, and depending on that button, an end illumination value or a start illumination value is stored.

(24) Importantly, when a press state occurs on a button of a keypad, not only is a groupcast address sent to each illumination device within that group, but also a start-change command is sent to change the illumination value toward an end illumination value computed on release of that button. As shown in FIG. 4, depending on the distance between keypad 14 and each of the illumination devices within a group of illumination devices beginning with illumination device 12X, a different delay occurs before each illumination device receives the start-change command. That delay, whether DLY.sub.1 or DLY.sub.2, depending on the illumination device being affected, causes each illumination device within the group to achieve the end illumination value at different times after the release state occurs.

(25) Turning now to FIGS. 5 and 6, a keypad 14, whether appearing on a faceplate of a switch coupled to a wall or on a GUI of, for example, a mobile device, can take on different configurations. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, keypad 14 can present or display various buttons or sliders 50 that, when actuated by a user, send various commands or signals from keypad 14 to a group of illumination devices 12. According to the embodiment of FIG. 5, associated with buttons 50 are plus and minus buttons 50a. When a command button 50 is depressed and, at the same time, or shortly thereafter, a plus or minus button 50a is depressed and held, a start-change signal and a change-in-illumination signal or command is sent. Depending on whether the plus button or the minus button is depressed, the command to increase or decrease, respectively, the illumination value in the receiving group of illumination devices is undertaken. For example, if the illumination value is brightness, then the plus or increase button 50a will cause a reverse dimming (increase in brightness) on the recipient illumination devices 12. Conversely, if the negative or decrease button 50a is depressed, a fading of brightness in the receiving illumination devices 12 will be undertaken.

(26) The amount of change in illumination value depends on the amount of time that the increase or decrease button 50a is depressed. Moreover, to distinguish from an inadvertent tap by a user and not a purposeful press, a timer may be necessary. The increase or decrease button must therefore be depressed for a hold time exceeding a predetermined amount of time given the timer readout to distinguish between an actual button press state and an inadvertent tap condition. Thus, a tap on a button, and particular, the inadvertent increase or decrease on tapping buttons 50a, will not register a change in illumination value in the illumination devices unless the tap becomes a press due to the user depressing the button beyond a predetermined hold time.

(27) Instead of having actual increase and decrease buttons 50a as shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment where a user need only depress a single button 52 past a certain amount of time to cause the start-change signal and either an increase or a decrease in illumination value upon the illumination devices 12. There may be multiple ways in which to discern if the press-and-hold is to increase or decrease illumination value, where one way may simply be depressing one end or the opposing other end of a corresponding toggle-configured button 52. Another way may be to use a single- or a dual-tap before pressing and holding the corresponding button 52. Of course, there can be numerous other ways to discern an increase or decrease in the illumination value yet use a single button for doing so.

(28) As shown in both embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6, there can be multiple commands since there are multiple different types of illumination values that can be changed. For example, command A can be dedicated to intensity, whereas command B can be dedicated to brightness, and command C can be dedicated to color temperature, etc. Given the rather large number of various illumination values, the number of command buttons 50 and 52 can be quite large corresponding to each illumination value that can be changed.

(29) Turning now to FIG. 7, a state diagram is shown of the various states of an illumination system comprising a keypad 14 and a group of illumination devices 12 affected by operation of that keypad 14. When a user first depresses a button, or actuates a trigger, on keypad 14, a tap state 56 is detected. If that button remains depressed or actuated past a hold time (T.sub.HLD), a press state 58 is detected. The hold time can be a pre-determined time, such as 300 ms from when a timer is started in the tap state 56. Once in the press state 58, another timer can be set, and the elapsed time (T.sub.ELP) is computed until such time as the button is released in the release state 60. Meanwhile, while in the press state 58, the elapsed time until the release state is sent along with the start illumination value stored in memory 40 of keypad 14. For example, if the increase button 50a in FIG. 5 is pressed and held, that button will indicate an increase from a start illumination value that pre-existed in memory 40. Also sent to the release state is a maximum illumination value (VAL.sub.MAX), as well as a maximum time (T.sub.MAX) needed to achieve that maximum value. The maximum time can be a pre-defined time needed to achieve a smooth transition from a relatively low start illumination value (VAL.sub.START) to a maximum illumination value (VAL.sub.MAX). Importantly, the maximum illumination value is either the maximum value if increased or decreased. For example, if brightness is the illumination value, then the maximum illumination value is the maximum reverse fading value or positive fading value.

(30) Having received maximum illumination value, the start illumination value, the maximum time value, and the maximum elapsed value, upon release of the button during release state 60, a computation occurs whereby the end illumination value (VAL.sub.END) is sent from release state 60 to the group of illumination devices 12. A more detailed explanation of the computation occurring in the release state 60 and an example of different values, including the end illumination value, is set forth in FIG. 8. FIG. 7, however, illustrates the importance of the various states and what occurs in each state, both in the keypad 14 and the group of illumination devices 12. As shown, the start illumination value is taken from the preceding end illumination value (VAL.sub.END(-1)) within keypad 14. If, for some reason, keypad 14 loses power and thus the start illumination value is lost, keypad 14 can draw the start illumination value (VAL.sub.START), shown in dash line, from the update VAL.sub.START state 62 in illumination devices 12. The update VAL.sub.START state generates the start illumination value shown in dash line from the preceding end illumination state stored in memory 40 of the illumination devices 12 so that both the keypad and its corresponding group of illumination devices 12 have a common start illumination value as well as a common end illumination value. In addition, FIG. 7 illustrates a masking time (T.sub.MASK) sent from release state 60 to each of the group of illumination devices 12 to give those devices enough time to complete their change in illumination values needed to achieve a common end illumination value, as will be described in more detail in FIG. 9.

(31) Turning to FIG. 8, the computation of the end illumination value within keypad 14 is shown. The computation begins by receiving the start illumination value, the maximum time needed to achieve a maximum illumination value 72, and the maximum illumination value 74. Once the button is released after being held past the hold time, the keypad enters the release state 60 and the timer times out to an elapsed time that is computed at block 76. The amount of elapsed time the button to increase/decrease an illumination value is held past the hold time then released, or T.sub.ELP, is then divided by the maximum time needed to achieve a maximum (or minimum) illumination value at block 78. The start illumination value is then subtracted from the maximum illumination value 80, and all the various values, and particularly the start illumination value plus the elapsed time divided by the maximum time multiplied by the maximum value minus the start illumination value, are computed at block 82 to achieve the end illumination value (VAL.sub.END). The end illumination value is then sent at block 84 from the keypad 14 to the group of illumination devices 12 it controls in a groupcast signal addressed to that group. The group of illumination devices 12 will continue their rate of change in illumination value set out in block 82, such that the group of illumination devices 12 will eventually achieve the end illumination value at a gradual and consistent rate defined as (T.sub.ELP/T.sub.MAX)*(VAL.sub.MAXVAL.sub.START). Therefore, instead of increasing or decreasing more rapidly than the rate of previous change (i.e., popping) to the end illumination value once received, the masking time allows the gradual rate of previous change to continue smoothly over, for example, one second masking time until the end illumination value is eventually obtained. Continuing the gradual previous rate of change and having a pre-defined masking time that ensures all changes can be completed within that time, any error between the illumination values within each illumination device within the group is essentially hidden, or masked, from visual detection as they would gradually change at the previous rate, without visually popping, to the common end illumination value. The keypad 14 will maintain its end illumination value common to the sent and stored end illumination value in each of the group of illumination devices. Moreover, the common end illumination value becomes the common start illumination value when the button is subsequently pressed in a press state and thereafter released in a release state. In this fashion, the end illumination value always remains the same within the keypad and the group of illumination devices it controls, as does the start illumination value.

(32) An example of the various values to help explain the computation is an increasing change in illumination value, shown in block 90, and a decreasing change in illumination value, shown in block 92. Beginning with block 90, the start illumination value can be 20, either in absolute or relative (e.g., percentage) value. The start illumination value is symbolized with an X. The elapsed time can be 5 seconds, and the maximum time to achieve a maximum increase to a maximum value can be 6 seconds. If the maximum illumination value is 100, then the end illumination value (VAL.sub.END) is equal to 20+5/6(10020), or 88.6 in the example shown in block 90. Conversely, if a decrease in illumination value is undertaken, then block 92 illustrates a start illumination value, X equal to 20, and elapsed time of 5 seconds, a maximum time of 6 seconds, and a maximum illumination value now being only 2, since a decrease is undertaken from 20 down to 2. Thus, a maximum illumination value can be thought of as a maximum lower value upon decrease. Since the elapsed time does not equal the maximum time, the end illumination value (VAL.sub.END) equals 20+5/6(220), or 5, rather than 2.

(33) The example illustrated in FIG. 8 can be applied to the timing diagram of FIG. 9. FIG. 9 illustrates the hold time (T.sub.HOLD) after a tap occurs to when a press occurs at T.sub.PRESS. The press state at time T.sub.PRESS causes the keypad to send a start illumination value of magnitude X at time T.sub.PRESS. It is not until a release state at time T.sub.RELEASE is an elapsed time T.sub.ELP calculated, as well as the end illumination value. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the end illumination value is sent from the keypad 14 to each of the illumination devices 12 within the group.

(34) However, to achieve the end illumination value on each of the disparately-located illumination devices, a masking time, T.sub.MASK, is needed. That disparity in time is due to the different locations between the keypad and each of the group of illumination devices. For example, the first illumination device (illumination device 1) may not receive the start-change signal until time (T.sub.START CHG) when DLY.sub.1 has occurred. Thus, even though the start-change signal is sent from the keypad at time T.sub.PRESS, it does not arrive at the first illumination device until DLY.sub.1 has expired, or at time T.sub.START CHG. At the time in which the start-change signal is received on the first illumination device, the magnitude of the start illumination value is at X, even though the keypad illumination value is at X+2, as shown. Meanwhile, an illumination value X+5 on the keypad registers only as an illumination value of X+2 on the first illumination device. Meanwhile, due to DLY.sub.2 being greater than DLY.sub.1, the illumination value in the keypad is at X+5, the first illumination device is at X+2, and the illumination device 2 is only at the start illumination value, or X. The numbers shown above in the example are arbitrarily chosen only to show relative differences in start illumination values between the keypad 14 and illumination devices 12 within a group.

(35) The differing times at which the start illumination value occurs on each illumination device, and therefore the differing times at which the start-change signals received on each of the different illumination devices, causes differing errors in illumination value on the illumination devices compared to the end illumination value when the button is released on the keypad at T.sub.RELEASE. The error on the first illumination device causes the illumination value (VAL.sub.ID1) to be less than the end illumination value sent by the keypad when the button is released at T.sub.RELEASE. Accordingly, VAL.sub.ID1 is equal to end illumination value minus an error. The error increases from error 1 to error 2 from illumination device 1 to illumination device 2, causing an increased error, and therefore a lessened illumination value (VAL.sub.ID2) at T.sub.RELEASE upon VAL.sub.ID2 relative to VAL.sub.ID1.

(36) The example in FIG. 9 illustrates an increasing change in the illumination value. However, it is understood that a decreasing change in illumination value can alternatively occur, as shown by line 94. However, for sake of brevity in the drawing, both increasing and decreasing illumination values are not shown in favor of showing only one with the understanding that a change in illumination value applies to either an increase or a decrease.

(37) For the group of illumination devices being controlled by a keypad to achieve the end illumination value sent from the keypad to that group, a masking time (T.sub.MASK) is needed that would exceed the last illumination device that arrives at the end illumination value. The masking time can be preset, with the knowledge that whatever that preset time is, there would be sufficient time allocated for the last illumination device to achieve its end illumination value. For example, the preset time can be set at, for example, one second. Having sufficient masking time ensures that all the illumination devices within the group do not end up in an unknown illumination value state at the end of one second but, instead, all end up in the end illumination value within one second. Thereafter, when the next press-and-hold occurs, the previous end illumination value is used for the start illumination value, and the start illumination value is consistent among all the illumination devices within the group as well as the keypad that controls the group. Synchronizing the start illumination value and the end illumination value, whatever those values, in the illumination devices as well as the controlling keypad, ensures all the illumination devices change their illumination values in parallel with the keypad and that the change begins on a common value and ends on a common value.

(38) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that this invention is believed to provide synchronized start and end illumination values among a keypad in a group of illumination devices being controlled by that keypad. It is also appreciated that this mechanism and method for synchronizing a keypad stored value to illumination devices stored value can extend to any value, at the beginning and end of change, to any group of devices being controlled and a controlling device. Examples of such devices can extend beyond simply illumination, but to, e.g., a joystick controlling a group of robot positions, etc. Any system that proves beneficial to maintain a common start and end value among the controlling and controlled devices is hereby encompassed by the inventive aspects described herein. Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. It is intended that the following claims will be interpreted to embrace all such modifications and changes. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.