1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol as an eco-friendly insecticidal agent against <i>Spodoptera littoralis </i>(boisd.)

Abstract

Synthesis of a compound 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol and its use as an insecticidal agent.

Claims

1. An insecticidally acceptable composition comprising an insecticidally effective amount of a 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound having the formula I: ##STR00005##

2. A method of killing insects comprising applying to said insects or to a target site of insect infestation an insecticidally effective amount of the insecticidally active composition of claim 1.

3. The method of killing insects of claim 2, wherein the insects belong to a species Spodoptera littoralis.

4. The method of killing insects of claim 3, wherein the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound has an LC.sub.50 of about 10.76 mg/L against the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment.

5. The method of killing insects of claim 3, wherein the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound has an LC.sub.50 of about 10.76 mg/L against 2.sup.nd instars of larvae of the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment.

6. The method of killing insects of claim 3, wherein the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound has an LC.sub.50 of about 16.65 mg/L against 4.sup.th instars of larvae of the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment.

7. The method of killing insects of claim 2, wherein the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound is applied to castor leaves.

8. The method of killing insects of claim 2, wherein about 12.5 to about 1000 ppm of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound is applied to the insects or to the target site.

9. A method of repelling insects comprising applying to a target site of insect infestation an insect repelling effective amount of the insecticidally active composition of claim 1.

10. The method of repelling insects of claim 9, wherein the insects belong to a species Spodoptera littoralis.

11. A method of controlling an insect pest comprising applying to a target site of insect infestation an insect controlling effective amount of the insecticidally active composition of claim 1.

12. The method of controlling the insect pest of claim 11, wherein the insect pest belongs to a species Spodoptera littoralis.

13. A method of making a 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound, the method comprising: adding triethanolamine (TEA) dropwise to a mixture of 2-((naphthalen-1-yloxy)methyl)oxirane and butan-1-amine in ethanol to obtain a reaction mixture; irradiating the reaction mixture; cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature; purifying a precipitating product by crystallization using dioxane; and obtaining the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound.

14. The method of making the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound of claim 13, wherein the irradiating step is conducted in an MW oven for about 5 minutes.

15. The method of making the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound of claim 13, wherein the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound is obtained in an about 73% yield.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIGS. 1A and 1B show the insecticidal activity of the reference compound Fenoxycarb (FIG. 1A) and the present compound III (FIG. 1B) against S. littoralis after 72 h of treatment which 2.sup.nd instar larvae represented by line 1 and 4.sup.th instar larvae represented by line 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(2) The following definitions are provided for the purpose of understanding the present subject matter and for construing the appended patent claims.

Definitions

(3) Throughout the application, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present teachings can also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present teachings can also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited process steps.

(4) It is noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an, and the include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

(5) In the application, where an element or component is said to be included in and/or selected from a list of recited elements or components, it should be understood that the element or component can be any one of the recited elements or components, or the element or component can be selected from a group consisting of two or more of the recited elements or components. Further, it should be understood that elements and/or features of a composition or a method described herein can be combined in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present teachings, whether explicit or implicit herein.

(6) The use of the terms include, includes, including, have, has, or having should be generally understood as open-ended and non-limiting unless specifically stated otherwise.

(7) The use of the singular herein includes the plural (and vice versa) unless specifically stated otherwise. In addition, where the use of the term about is before a quantitative value, the present teachings also include the specific quantitative value itself, unless specifically stated otherwise. As used herein, the term about refers to a 10% variation from the nominal value unless otherwise indicated or inferred.

(8) The term optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.

(9) It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any chemical group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns that are sterically impractical and/or physically non-feasible.

(10) Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently described subject matter pertains.

(11) Where a range of values is provided, for example, concentration ranges, percentage ranges, or ratio ranges, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range, is encompassed within the described subject matter. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in the smaller ranges, and such embodiments are also encompassed within the described subject matter, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the described subject matter.

(12) Throughout the application, descriptions of various embodiments use comprising language. However, it will be understood by one of skill in the art, that in some specific instances, an embodiment can alternatively be described using the language consisting essentially of or consisting of.

(13) For purposes of better understanding the present teachings and in no way limiting the scope of the teachings, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term about. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

(14) The present subject matter relates to the synthesis of a unique pure insect growth regulator using environmentally benign procedures for synthesis of new organic compounds employing MW methodology, as well as the regulator itself. The structure of this synthesized compound, which is related to the most well-known insect growth regulator insecticides, can be confirmed by elemental and contemporary spectroscopic investigations (IR, UV, .sup.1HNMR, .sup.13CNMR, and elemental analysis). The target product 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol (III) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-((naphthalen-1-yloxy)methyl)oxirane I with butan-1-amine II in the presence of a suitable amount of TEA as a basic catalyst in high yields applying the MW irradiation technique. The product III is not only new but has high insecticidal activities.

(15) In an embodiment, the present subject matter relates to compositions containing, processes for making, and methods of using a 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound having the formula I:

(16) ##STR00003##

(17) In further embodiments, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can have a melting point of about 221 C. to about 222 C.

(18) In additional embodiments, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound is considered as an insect growth regulator (IGR). Accordingly, the present compound is capable of inhibiting the life cycle of an insect.

(19) In another embodiment, the present subject matter relates to an insecticidally acceptable composition comprising an insecticidally effective amount of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound and an insecticidally acceptable carrier.

(20) In some embodiments, the present compositions and methods of use can be used for combination treatment, where other insecticidal ingredients can be included therein, or can be co-administered therewith.

(21) Non-limiting examples of suitable excipients, carriers, or vehicles useful herein include liquids such as water, saline, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, ethanol, and the like. Suitable excipients for nonliquid formulations are also known to those of skill in the art.

(22) The present compounds are typically administered at an insecticidally effective dosage, e.g., a dosage sufficient to provide a desired activity against insects.

(23) While insecticidal dosage levels have yet to be optimized for the present compounds, generally, each treatment of the present compositions could be expected to include from about 12.5 ppm to about 1000 ppm, or mg/L, of the present compounds. In this regard, compositions having concentrations of the present compounds of about 1000 ppm, about 500 ppm, 200 ppm, about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm, or about 12.5 ppm, or mg/L, per application to a desired area of treatment are included within the present subject matter. The precise effective amount will vary from treatment to treatment and will depend upon the target area of application, the insect species being treated for, the number of insects present, and the like. The treatment area may be administered as many doses as is required to produce an effective treatment.

(24) Liquid compositions can, for example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing, etc. the active compound as defined above and optional adjuvants in a carrier, such as, for example, water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol, and the like, to thereby form a solution or suspension. If desired, the composition to be administered may also contain minor amounts of nontoxic auxiliary substances such as wetting agents, emulsifying agents, or solubilizing agents, pH buffering agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, cyclodextrin derivatives, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine acetate, triethanolamine oleate, etc.

(25) In a further embodiment, the present subject matter relates to a method of killing insects comprising applying to said insects or to a target site of insect infestation an insecticidally effective amount of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound and/or a composition containing the same.

(26) In an embodiment, the present methods of killing insects can be effective against insects belonging to a species Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Further, the present compound can be considered as an insect growth regulator (IGR) that inhibits the life cycle of an insect, particularly Spodoptera littoralis. Accordingly, the present compound can be used as an insecticide to control populations of harmful insect pests, including, by way of non-limiting example, cockroaches and fleas.

(27) Unlike classic insecticides, the present compound is unlikely to affect an insect's nervous system and is thus more friendly to worker insects within closed environments. The present compound can also be more compatible with pest management systems that use biological controls. In addition, while insects can become resistant to insecticides, they are less likely to become resistant to the present compound.

(28) In another embodiment, in the present methods of killing insects, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can have an LC.sub.50 of about 10.76 mg/L against the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment. In this regard, in the present methods of killing insects, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can have an LC.sub.50 of about 10.76 mg/L against 2.sup.nd instars of larvae of the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment.

(29) Similarly, in the present methods of killing insects, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can have an LC.sub.50 of about 16.65 mg/L or ppm against the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment. In this regard, in the present methods of killing insects, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can have an LC.sub.50 of about 16.65 mg/L or ppm against 4.sup.th instars of larvae of the species Spodoptera littoralis after 72 hours of treatment.

(30) In a further embodiment of the present methods, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can be applied to castor leaves.

(31) In an additional embodiment of the present methods, about 12.5 to about 200 ppm of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can be applied to the insects or to the target site. In this regard, about 1000 ppm, about 500 ppm, about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm, or about 12.5 ppm, or mg/L, per application of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can be applied to a desired area of treatment.

(32) In an additional embodiment, the present subject matter relates to a method of repelling insects comprising applying to a target site of insect infestation an insect repelling effective amount of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound and/or a composition containing the same.

(33) In an embodiment, the present methods of repelling insects can be effective against insects belonging to a species Spodoptera littoralis or Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).

(34) In one more embodiment, the present subject matter relates to a method of controlling an insect pest comprising applying to a target site of insect infestation an insect controlling effective amount of the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound.

(35) In an embodiment, the present methods of controlling insect pests can be effective against insects belonging to a species Spodoptera littoralis or Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).

(36) In a further embodiment, the present subject matter relates to a method of making the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound, the method comprising: adding triethanolamine (TEA) dropwise to a mixture of 2-((naphthalen-1-yloxy)methyl)oxirane and butan-1-amine in ethanol to obtain a reaction mixture; irradiating the reaction mixture; cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature; purifying a precipitating product by crystallization using dioxane; and obtaining the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound.

(37) The present production methods can be further seen by referring to the following Scheme 1:

(38) ##STR00004##

(39) In an embodiment of the present production methods, the reaction mixture can be irradiated in a MW oven for about 5 minutes.

(40) In another embodiment of the present production methods, the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound can be obtained in an about 73% yield.

(41) The following examples relate to various methods of manufacturing certain specific compounds and application results as described herein. All compound numbers expressed herein are with reference to the synthetic pathway figures shown above.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Preparation of 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol 1

(42) A mixture of 2-((naphthalen-1-yloxy)methyl)oxirane I (2.0 g, 10 mml) and butan-1-amine 11 (0.37 g, 0.5 mmol) and drops of TEA in 30 ml ethanol was irradiated in an MW oven for 5 min. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitated products were filtered and recrystallized from dioxane to give the desired product 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol (III).

(43) The elemental analysis can be seen as follows.

1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol (III)

(44) Yield 73% yiel; mp. 221-222 C.; IR: 3490 (OH), 3032 (CH arom), 2819 (CH aliph.); .sup.1HNMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 7.81 (m. 6H, CH arom.), 7.19 (m, 8H, CH arom.), 4.90 (br. s, 2H, 20H), 4.02 (m, 6H, 2CH+2CH.sub.2), 2.75 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2), 2.52 (m, 4H, 2CH.sub.2), 1.40 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2), 1.24 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2), 0.78 (m, 3H, CH.sub.3); Analysis Calculated for C.sub.30H.sub.35NO.sub.4 (473.60): C, 76.08; H, 4.45; N, 2.96%. Found: C, 76.17; H, 4.37, N, 2.87%.

Example 2

Insecticidal Bioassay Screening

(45) The synthetic compound III was tested for its insecticidal bioactivity using the industry-standard leaf dip bioassay techniques. preparation of the compound stocks to create 1000 ppm, 0.1 g of compounds 1-10 were dissolved in five mL of Dimethyl formamide and combined with 5 mL of distilled H.sub.2O. Until usage, the stocks were kept in a refrigerator. The target substance test results were noted & the concentrations needed to destroy 50% (LC.sub.50) of S. littoralis larvae were calculated. The target compound was employed in five different concentrations, and 0.1% Tween 80 was employed as a surfactant. Castor bean leaf discs (nine centimeters in diameter) were dipped in the concentration under test for ten seconds, then fed to 2.sup.th & 4.sup.th larvae, which were roughly the same size and housed in glass jars (five lb). Each action was carried out 3 times with ten larvae each. The mortality equalized via Abbott's formula. Calculations of mortality setback line were measurably rummage via probity analysis. Harmfulness index was strongminded via sun equations. The mortality results of larval insect were estimated through employing probit analysis through a statistics (LDP-line) equation which estimate the LC.sub.50 values with 95% fiducially limits of lower, upper confidence limit and slope.

(46) The results of the bioassay screening can be observed in Table 1, below, using Fenoxycarb as a reference.

(47) Insecticidal activity of III and Fenoxycarb against the 2.sup.nd and 4.sup.th larvae of S. littoralis after 72 h of treatment.

(48) TABLE-US-00001 2.sup.nd instar larvae 4.sup.th instar larvae LC.sub.50 LC.sub.50 (mg/L) at Toxicity (mg/L) Toxicity Comps. 95% Slope SE ratio at 95% Slope SE ratio III 10.76 0.918 0.265 0.253 16.65 0.949 0.262 0.551 Fenoxycarb 2.73 0.238 0.082 1 9.179 0.681 0.251 1 Notes: .sup.aToxicity ratio is estimated as fenoxycarb's LC.sub.50 value for baseline toxicity/the compounds' LC.sub.50 value.

(49) It is to be understood that the methods of making and using the 1-(butyl(2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol compound, and the use of compositions containing the same, are not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the generic language of the following claims enabled by the embodiments described herein, or otherwise shown in the drawings or described above in terms sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the claimed subject matter.