Abstract
The invention having functional vertical disposable reaction systems having a vertically mounted semipermeable membrane for sample preparation, chemical reactions, dialysis, enzymatic/microbiological fermentation, multistage processes, in vitro protein biosynthesis on a laboratory scale, formed from a base body and an exchangeable lid having different functions. For exchange across the membrane, the system is placed vertically into an outer volume consisting of gas, liquid or solid constituents. The system consists of a dimensionally stable base body and a liquid-tight lid having a functional support going toward the base of the base body, the dimensionally stable base body forming at least one noncapillary reaction space as inner volume with at least one semipermeable membrane as lateral wall. The high flexibility in use results from the combination of variants of the base bodies with different lid variants for different areas of use. The base bodies having different membranes and volumes can be coupled with lids having different feeding openings, contacts, sensor supports, gas supply means, circulation means, etc. This yields, in the case of m different base bodies and n different lid variants, mn combinations having different properties.
Claims
1. A system for carrying out biological or chemical methods, comprising: at least one base body, and at least one separately provided lid which is matched with the base body such that lid and base body can form a firm connection with one another, wherein the base body comprises at least one structural element and at least one semipermeable membrane and the semipermeable membrane at least sectionally borders an inner volume of the base body as a lateral wall running substantially in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base body, wherein the lid comprises at least one functional support which is, at its proximal end, connected to a sealing section of the lid and comprises, in the region of its distal end, one or more functional features, wherein the inner volume has a proximal section which is, upon connection of lid and base body, arranged in the proximity of the sealing section and a distal section which has, upon connection of lid and base body, a distance from the sealing section that is at least 90% of the maximal distance from the sealing section within the inner volume, wherein the distal end of the functional support is, upon connection of lid and base body, arranged in the distal section, wherein the functional features are suitable for capturing, changing and/or influencing states of biological or chemical methods.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base body has an opening of the inner volume that is, upon connection of the base body to the lid, closed by the sealing section thereof.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner volume is from 50 l to 200 ml.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a functional feature is a sensor.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a functional feature is a gas-supply opening, filling opening r removal opening, or a combination thereof.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gas-tight closure is achieved by connection of lid and base body.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lid comprises at least one positioning element for connection of the lid to further lids, to an outer vessel or to a float.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lid comprises multiple functional supports having different functional features.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lid comprises contacting elements, especially for supply of power and/or transmission of data.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner volume is from 1000 l to 50 ml.
11. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the functional feature is a temperature sensor or a conductivity sensor or a combination thereof.
12. The system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the gas-tight closure is achieved by a lip seal, an elastic seal or adhesive bonding, potting, welding or overmolding.
13. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semipermeable membrane at least sectionally borders the inner volume of the base body as a lateral wall thereof running substantially in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base body.
14. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semipermeable membrane at least sectionally borders the inner volume of the base body as a lateral wall running substantially in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base body in order to allow material exchange with an outer volume across the semipermeable membrane.
15. A method for carrying out biological or chemical methods using the system as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps: providing an outer volume, providing a base body, selecting a suitable lid with respect to the functional features thereof, connecting base body and lid, inserting base body with lid into the outer volume.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
(1) FIGS. 1A to 1C show the system (10) according to the invention and its essential parts, namely the base body (11) and the lid (12).
(2) FIGS. 2A and 2B show a base body (11) comprising laterally downward leading crossbeams (21) as structural elements.
(3) FIGS. 3A and 3B show a lid.
(4) FIGS. 4A to 4C show examples of the volume (47) outside the base body (outer volume), with which the solution present in the inner volume is in contact through the semipermeable membrane.
(5) FIG. 5 shows exemplary lid variants 5a to 5d.
(6) FIGS. 6A and 6B show systems according to the invention in exemplary application cases.
(7) FIG. 7 shows multiple systems according to the invention in corresponding outer volumes (47) which are in communication with inner volumes (17) of the base bodies through the semipermeable membrane (not drawn).
(8) FIGS. 8A and 8B show exemplary embodiments of external process tracking of the processes in the system according to the invention.
(9) FIG. 9 shows multiple components of a lid and associated functional support.
(10) FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate the connection of the sensors to appropriate evaluation electronics.
(11) FIG. 11 illustrates the optional marking or storage of items of information on the system.
(12) FIG. 12 shows further variants of the base body of the system according to the invention.
(13) FIG. 13A is a chart showing absorbance of 0.5 mM bNP in XMR-1 over time and FIG. 13B is a chart showing the retention of 0.5 mM pNP in XMR-1 over time.
(14) FIG. 14A is a chart showing the dialysis comparison of absorbance at differing temperature in XMR-1 over time and FIG. 14B is a chart showing the dialysis comparison of retention at differing temperature in XMR-1 over time.
(15) FIG. 15 is a chart showing a comparison of the temperature-dependent retention courses over time.
(16) FIG. 16A is a chart showing the course of absorbance over time and FIG. 16B is a chart showing the retention in XMR-1 over time.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(17) FIGS. 1A to 1C show the system (10) according to the invention and its essential parts, namely the base body (11) and the lid (12). The lid consists of a sealing section (20) and a functional support (13). The base body (11) forms an inner volume (17).
(18) FIGS. 2A and 2B show a base body (11) comprising laterally downward leading crossbeams (21) as structural elements. In general, the structural elements preferably have a substantially uniform thickness of preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm and thicknesses of 1 mm to 8 mm and preferably a center strut (22) of approximately identical thickness to the crossbeam (21). In the upper part, the base body (11) contains an opening (23) having smooth inner sides which form the countersurfaces in relation to sealing elements of the lid. Situated above the center strut (22) is a snap-in opening (24) which can be used as a countersupport of a snap-in attachment of the lid. The structural elements (21, 22, 25) of the base body (11) preferably, but not necessarily, substantially consist of injection-moldable plastic such as polystyrene, polycarbonate or polypropylene. The membrane is, as shown in FIG. 2B, attached in a flush manner on the lateral crossbeams (21), the center strut (22) and the lateral faces (25) by adhesive bonding or welding and also closes the snap-in opening (24). The inner space (17) is formed by the base body (11) and the membrane (16) preferably sitting thereon in a flush manner. The semipermeable membrane (16) ensures that the sample volume present in the inner volume (17) is in a state of material exchange with an outer volume. The lower part (26) of the base body is V-shaped here. The sample volume thus runs together in the middle of the base body and residual amounts collect in a central cavity in the distal section (26), into which the functional support of the lid (not shown) reaches. At this deepest point, the liquid (sample) which fills the inner volume (17) of the reaction vessel can thus be almost completely treated by a functional feature on the functional support or captured using sensors. The outer dimensions of the present base body (11) are sized such that the system can be inserted either at a right angle to the walls of the standard reaction vessel hitplate 80 80.0 ml deep-well microtiter plate or diagonally into the reaction space of same, with nubs on the lid being able to ensure holding of the position.
(19) FIGS. 3A and 3B show a lid which, in the present embodiment, comprises an injection-molded part composed of polypropylene and two openings (36 and 37) which penetrate the upper part of the lid and are conical (LUER taper in accordance with DIN 13090). The fill-in opening (36) is connected to a functional support (13) in the form of a vertical tube and reaches into the distal section of the base body. The opening (37) penetrates the upper part of the lid and serves here for the venting of the inner volume upon filling of same through the opening (36) or optionally through further openings. The Luer taper allows the liquid-tight connection of injection syringes for filling and emptying of the inner volume, but is also suitable for the use of customary pipettes having exchangeable pipette tips, pipettes, serological pipettes, Pasteur pipettes and pipetting machines. It is also possible to fill and empty the inner volume using a suitable injection cannula through the opening (36) and the vertical tube (functional support, 13), any damage to the membrane being prevented by the guidance of the injection cannula in the functional support (13). A further opening (38) is realized with a larger diameter and provided with a NS7/16 taper in accordance with DIN 12242. It allows the filling and emptying of the inner volume and sampling by means of larger pipettes or fluid-handling systems having a suitable connector. When not in use, all openings can be closed by suitable plugs.
(20) The face (32) bears sealing elements which, in the present form, have been realized as multiple sealing lips lying one after another. They are in contact with the inner faces of the opening (23, not shown) of the base body when lid and base body are pressed together, and prevent the escape of liquid. A protrusion (31) irreversibly clicks into place into the opening (24, not shown) of the base body when lid and base body are pressed together and prevents disengagement of lid and base body by mechanical forces. The holding means (39), in the form of nubs here, likewise serve for the connection of lid and base body.
(21) FIGS. 4A to 4C show examples of the volume (47) outside the base body (outer volume), with which the solution present in the inner volume is in contact through the semipermeable membrane. The outer volume can likewise consist of a customary laboratory vessel (beaker, trough, pail) (42), it being possible for the reaction vessel to be held at the liquid surface by a floating body (45) made from a specifically light, inert material, for example foamed plastic. The membrane preferably consists of regenerated cellulose, but can also consist of the materials stated in the above description, individually or in combination.
(22) FIG. 5 shows exemplary lid variants 5a to 5d. The lid according to variant 5a contains electronic components (51) as functional features which are arranged on a functional support (13). The support is tightly inserted into a corresponding recess of the lid (52). The support (13) can, however, also be an integral component of the lid, for example overmolded.
(23) The lid according to variant 5b contains, in the functional openings of the lid, angular pieces (53) having tubing connectors which, for example, can be purchased from companies known for medical-technology fluid systems (fluid management components). Said angular pieces (53) are inserted into the functional openings of the lid by means of a LUER taper in a mechanically fixed, liquid-tight and gas-tight, but reversibly removable, manner. They allow the connection of the system to external systems or the circulation of the liquid volume present in the inner volume by means of a pump and/or the supply of gas especially for mixing and gas enrichment or depletion of the sample solution by a pump or gas supply line with elevated pressure.
(24) The lid according to variant 5c contains an air outlet (54), through which gases can be conducted through the liquid present in the inner volume by means of a connecting piece (55). The gas is distributed into fine bubbles through fine openings, holes or slits in the air outlet (54). Alternatively, the air outlet can also consist of porous materials. The introduced gas flows through a functional opening into the atmosphere. Alternatively, a connecting piece (e.g., such as 53) can be inserted into the functional opening and the gas can be circulated, for example for the purpose of mixing the liquid volume.
(25) The lid according to variant 5d contains a stirring device consisting of a miniature electric motor (56), a further functional support (13) in the form of a stirrer shaft and a functional feature in the form of a propeller stirrer (57). Said device serves for the continuous and/or periodic mixing of the liquid present inner volume.
(26) FIGS. 6A and 6B show systems according to the invention in exemplary application cases. In FIG. 6A, the system is situated in an outer volume (47) which is in communication with the inner volume (17) of the reaction vessel through the semipermeable membrane (not drawn). The inner volume (17) is circulated by a pump (61) which is connected to the functional openings (36 and 37) via liquid-guiding connections (62). Material exchange takes place between the inner volume (17) and the outer volume (47). FIG. 6B shows a system according to the invention having a circulation function and an external volume (63). The system is situated in an outer volume (47) which is in communication with the inner volume (17) of the system through the semipermeable membrane (not drawn). The inner volume (17) is in communication with an external volume (63) via liquid-guiding connections (62) and is continuously or periodically circulated by a pump (61) which is connected to the functional openings (36 and 37) and to the external volume (63). Material exchange takes place between the inner volume (17) and the external outer volume (63) by means of the pump (61) and also between the inner volume (17) and the outer volume (47) through the semipermeable membrane.
(27) FIG. 7 shows multiple systems according to the invention in corresponding outer volumes (47) which are in communication with inner volumes (17) of the base bodies through the semipermeable membrane (not drawn). The inner volume (17) of the first reaction vessel, which is in communication with the outer volume (47) through the semipermeable membrane(s) (not drawn), is, by means of a pump (61) connected via liquid-guiding connections (62) and the openings (36 and 37), continuously or periodically conveyed into a second reaction vessel, which is in communication with the outer volume (47) through the semipermeable membrane(s) (not drawn). From there, it is in turn, by means of a pump (61) connected via liquid-guiding connections (62) and the openings (36 and 37), continuously or periodically conveyed into a third inner volume, which is in communication with the outer volume (47) through the semipermeable membrane(s) (not drawn). Material exchange takes place between the inner volumes (17) and the outer volumes (47), and these can have an identical or different starting composition.
(28) FIGS. 8A and 8B show exemplary embodiments of external process tracking of the processes in the system according to the invention. In FIG. 8A, the system is situated in an outer volume (47) which is in communication with the inner volume through the semipermeable membrane (not drawn). By means of a pump (61), the inner volume is continuously or periodically circulated through a measurement cell (64), which is connected to the openings (36 and 37) via liquid-guiding connections (62). Material exchange takes place between the inner volume and the outer volume (47), the composition of the liquid in the inner volume changing. These changes are captured by one or more measurement devices (65). Measurement variables can, for example, be temperature, viscosity, conductivity, pH, glucose content, oxygen content, CO.sub.2 content, ion concentration, measured by means of ion-selective sensors (Ca.sup.2+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, F.sup., NH4.sup.+), potentiometry, radioactivity, etc., but are not limited thereto. In FIG. 8B, the system is situated in an outer volume (47) which is in communication with the inner volume of the reaction vessel through the semipermeable membrane (not drawn). By means of a pump (61), the inner volume is continuously or periodically circulated through a measurement cell (64), which is connected to the openings (36 and 37) via liquid-guiding connections (62). Material exchange takes place between the inner volume and the outer volume (47), the composition of the liquid in the inner volume changing. Here, the liquid of the inner volume does not come into contact with the measurement device itself, but only with an auxiliary volume, for example designed as a cuvette, in the measurement cell (64). The measurement device consists, for example, of an emitter (66) which sends a light beam (67) through the cuvette as measurement cell (64) and is analyzed by means of the detector (68). What can thus be measured are, for example, but not limited thereto: fluorescence, absorbance, color, luminescence, turbidity, optical angle of rotation, etc.
(29) FIG. 9 shows multiple components of a lid and associated functional support. As already described, the analysis and tracking of the material exchange between the inner volume and the outer volume is a major advantage of embodiments of the system according to the invention. The sensors required to this end can be a component of the lid, of the base body or of both parts. Preferably, they are a functional feature of the lid. In the present exemplary embodiment, the sensors are arranged on a functional support (13). The support contains one or more types of sensors, a temperature sensor (71) and two flat electrodes (72) for measurement of electrical conductivity in the present example. However, various other sensors are also possible. The sensors are, by means of conducting paths incorporated in the support and electrically insulated against the liquid, connected to the proximal end of the functional support (18), the upper end of which bears contact pins (73). Connected thereto by means of a plug connection is the evaluation electronics of the sensors. The lateral faces (74) of the head piece (18) simultaneously serve as sealing faces which allow a media-tight insertion of the functional support (13) into an appropriate recess (52) of the lid.
(30) FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate the connection of the sensors to appropriate evaluation electronics by means of cable (FIG. 10A) or wirelessly by means of radio, RFID, WLAN, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc. (FIG. 10B).
(31) FIG. 11 illustrates the optional marking or storage of items of information on the system, especially on the lid, for example serial number, membrane type, on a labeling field (82) in human- or machine-readable form (e.g., barcode). Forgery-proof branding, for example by means of a hologram, is according to the invention, too. Also possible is the marking or storage of items of information on the system, for example serial number, membrane type, in machine-readable form (e.g., RFID chip, (81)).
(32) FIG. 12 shows further variants of the base body of the system according to the invention, especially in various sizes.
EXAMPLE
(33) 1. Kinetics at Room Temperature
(34) Time-dependent performance of a dialysis of 0.5 mM pNP (para-nitrophenol) against PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) at room temperature in a system according to the invention (XMR-1) having an outer volume as per FIG. 4a (n=6). The sample amount in the inner volume was 15 ml, and the buffer amount in the Hitplate was 50 ml. Measurement was carried out after 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 1440 min in the UV/Vis spectrometer Spectramax (Software Softmax Pro 7.0) at 400 nm.
(35) The course of absorbance over time is shown in FIG. 13A; retention is shown in FIG. 13B. In the dialysis in XMR-1, equilibrium is reached no later than after approx. 24 h. After 24 h, the concentration remaining in the dialyzer is 25% of the starting concentration.
(36) 2. Dialysis in a Refrigerator and Incubator
(37) Performance of a dialysis of 0.5 mM pNP against PBS in XMR-1 in a refrigerator (at 4.8-7.7 C.) and in an incubator (at 40.2-42.3 C.) (n=3). The sample amount in the inner volume was 15 ml, and the buffer amount in the Hitplate was 50 ml. Measurement was carried out after 60, 120, 240, 480 and 1440 min in the UV/Vis spectrometer Spectramax (Software Softmax Pro 7.0) at 400 nm.
(38) The course of absorbance over time is shown in FIG. 14A; retention is shown in FIG. 14B. FIG. 15 shows a comparison of the temperature-dependent retention courses. Dialysis proceeds significantly more rapidly in the incubator than in the refrigerator. In the refrigerator in turn, the reaction proceeds more slowly than at room temperature. For the comparison at room temperature, the values of the experiment mentioned in point 1. were used.
(39) 3. Dialysis with Sample Circulation
(40) Performance of a dialysis of 0.5 mM pNP against PBS at room temperature in XMR-1. With the aid of a peristaltic pump, the sample was circulated in an XMR-1, as shown in FIG. 6A, and, in a further experiment, the sample was mixed with air by means of a peristaltic pump (n=1; standard: n=2). The sample amount in the inner volume was 15 ml, and the buffer amount in the Hitplate was 50 ml. Measurement was carried out after 60, 120, 180, 240 min in the UV/Vis spectrometer Spectramax (Software Softmax Pro 7.0) at 400 nm.
(41) The course of absorbance over time is shown in FIG. 16A; retention is shown in FIG. 16B. Dialysis proceeds significantly more rapidly with circulation. In the comparison between circulation through circular pumping of the sample and pumping of air, it becomes apparent that there are, according to a singular experiment, no distinct differences in the dialysis rate.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
(42) 10 System 11 Base body 12 Lid 13 Functional support 14 Functional feature 15 Structural element 16 Membrane 17 Inner volume 18 Proximal end of the functional support 19 Distal end of the functional support 20 Sealing section 21 Crossbeam 22 Center strut 23 Opening in the base body 24 Snap-in opening 25 Lateral faces 26 Distal section 27 Functional opening 31 Protrusion 32 Sealing face 33 Sealing element 34 Snap-in attachment 35 Sealing section 36, 37 Functional openings in the lid 38 Fill-in opening 39 Holding means 41 Microtiter plate 42 Laboratory vessel 43 Lid 44 Recess 45 Float 47 Outer volume 51 Electronic components 52 Recess in the lid 53 Angular pieces 54 Air outlet 55 Connecting piece 56 Electric motor 57 Propeller stirrer 61 Pump 62 Liquid-guiding connection 63 External volume 64 Measurement cell 65 Measurement devices 66 Emitter 67 Light beam 68 Detector 71 Sensor 72 Electrodes 73 Contacting means 74 Lateral faces at the proximal end of the functional support 81 Data carrier 82 Labeling field
