WEAPON SYSTEM CONSISTING OF MULTI-SEGMENT BARREL AND FLUID-DRIVEN SPINNING PROJECTILE, AND METHOD

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-section barrel, fluid-propelled spinning ammunition, as well as a weapon system formed by them. The multi-section barrel adjusts the interaction between barrel and projectile through barrel shape to improve range and precision; the fluid propels the self-selected projectile to guide the fluid through and twist the projectile by arranging volute holes or volute grooves at the rear or tail of the projectile, so that the projectile forms spin through the action of the fluid without relying on rifling; the projectile can be used in combination with multi-section barrel, which can improve performance and reduce cost simultaneously.

Claims

1. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, characterized by comprising volute holes symmetrically or evenly arranged around the projectile or the axis of projectile core at the rear or tail of projectile or projectile seat, and the said volute holes include through hole and blind hole.

2. The fluid-propelled spinning projectile in claim 1, characterized in that: passive armor layer and steel core may be made of pure steel projectile, and if pure steel projectile is adopted, part or all of the said pure steel projectile will be treated, including one or more of heat treatment, coating and cladding.

3. The fluid-propelled spinning projectile in claim 1, characterized in that the volute through hole or volute blind hole of the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile is one or more of volute groove, volute through hole or volute blind hole.

4. The fluid-propelled spinning projectile in claim 1, characterized in that one or more bearing bands or bulges similar to bearing bands are arranged on the surface of projectile around the axis of the projectile, and the said volute groove or volute hole is at the rear of the said bearing band or bulge or passes under part or all of the said bearing bands or bulges.

5. The fluid-propelled spinning projectile in claim 4, characterized in that the said volute groove or volute hole is blocked by squeezing bearing band in the said volute groove or volute through holes; after the said bearing band restores its original state, the said volute grooves or volute through holes are unobstructed and the fluid flows through the said volute grooves or volute through holes to propel the projectile forward or rotate.

6. A multi-section barrel, characterized by comprising any two or all parts (A+B/C, A+B+C, B+C) of A, B and C sections, wherein the A, B and C sections are rifled bore barrels or smooth bore barrels, the said Section A forms a tight fit with part or all of the projectile used, including interference fit, the said Section C is larger than the said Section A in diameter and forms clearance fit with part or all of the said projectiles, and the said Section B gradually increases in diameter; when only the said Section B is included, the section curve of the said Section B is an arc or a specific curve.

7. According to the multi-section barrel described in claim 8, it is characterized in that: a throat shrinkage section is followed after Section A or before Section B, and when only Section B is included after the throat shrinkage section, the section curve of Section B is one or more of step, oblique line, arc line, or specific curve.

8. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile weapon system, characterized by comprising the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile of claim 1 and a smooth bore or rifled bore barrel through which the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile is fired, and the said smooth bore or rifled bore barrel comprising a one-section barrel or a multi-section barrel.

9. A weapon system using multi-section barrel and non-fluid-propelled spinning ammunition, characterized by comprising the said multi-section barrel of claim 6 and non-fluid-propelled spinning ammunition of various calibers, and the said non-fluid-propelled spinning ammunition is fired through the said multi-section barrel.

10. A method for stabilizing volute holes, characterized by comprising symmetrically or uniformly arranged volute through holes around the core axis of an object in a fluid or flow field; the posture of the said object in the fluid or flow field is stabilized by the action of fluid flowing through the said volute through holes, and there are 2 or more of the said volute through holes.

11. The said stabilizing method based on claim 10, characterized by comprising a tail fin arranged on the said object.

12. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile, including a projectile seat and a projectile core, characterized by comprising the tail of the said projectile core is a taper with a thick front and a thin rear, or a tapered frustum with a thick front and a thin rear; the said projectile seat is symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the projectile core, and the whole projectile seat is hollow or cup-shaped including a bottom-leaking cup-shaped one, and the hollow part of the bottom-leaking cup-shaped one is provided with a taper with a thick front and a thin rear corresponding to the tail of the projectile core; the said projectile seat is like a taper sleeve, which is sleeved on the projectile core from the rear to the front, and shelled to the rear of the projectile core after the projectile leaves the bore.

13. The said fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile based on claim 12, including a projectile seat and a projectile core, characterized by comprising symmetrically arranged volute grooves or volute holes around the axis of the projectile core in the rear or tail of the projectile seat.

14. The said fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile based on claim 12, characterized in that a binder, including an energetic binder, is disposed between the projectile seat and the projectile core, and the adhesive strength of the said binder will rapidly decrease or disappear at high temperatures.

15. The said fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile based on claim 14, characterized in that: the bottom or/and the walls of the projectile seat are made of elastic materials.

16. The said fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile based on claim 15, characterized by comprising a pit arranged at the bottom of the said projectile core, and a bulge which propels into the pit arranged at the bottom of the projectile seat.

17. The said fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile based on claim 16, characterized in that the pit at the bottom of the said projectile core has a taper, and the bulge at the bottom of the projectile seat has a taper corresponding to the pit of the said projectile core; or guide keys and keyways or similar bulges and grooves are arranged on the surfaces of the bulges and pits; or the said pit and the bulge are processed into a cylindrical shape, and the pit and the bulge of the cylinder are provided with internal and external guide splines or similar structures, the said internal and external guide splines have limited relative movement along the axial direction, and can freely come out when moving backward along the axial direction; and there are air-leakage through holes or grooves on the bulges at the bottom of the said projectile seat mentioned above.

18. The said fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile based on claim 17, characterized in that: there are two or more pits at the bottom of the said projectile core and bulges at the bottom of the projectile seat, which are uniformly or symmetrically arranged around the axis of the said projectile core, and each bulge at the bottom of the projectile seat corresponds to a pit at the bottom of the said projectile core, at which time the whole projectile seat is cup-shaped, bottom-leaking cup-shaped, pushpin-shaped, or provided with air-permeable through holes or grooves on the bulges at the bottom of the projectile seat.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHED DRAWINGS

Description of the Attached Drawings

[0094] There are altogether 28 attached drawings in this Instruction, of which

[0095] FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams of multi-section barrel, and

[0096] FIG. 6 to FIG. 28 are schematic diagrams of fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, which will be described one by one in the following with reference to the implementation ways.

IMPLEMENTATION WAYS

[0097] The main body of the technical scheme includes the following parts, one is the barrel, the other is the projectile, and the projectile sabot and its connection with the projectile core, which are explained one by one with the attached schematic diagrams.

[0098] Statement: to avoid being too complicated and affecting the reading of the drawings by those skilled in the field, some parts that are known in the field and do not belong to the inventive content of this patent, such as the depression in front of the projectile sabot for joyriding, etc., are omitted in the following drawings.

[0099] The multi-section barrel comprises a precursor section and a transition section or/and a twisting section, wherein the three sections are rifled bore barrels or smooth bore barrels; part or all of the said precursor section and the projectile are in tight fit, including interference fit; the diameter of the said twisting section is larger than that of the said precursor section and is in clearance fit with part or all of the projectile; and the diameter of the said transition section gradually becomes larger.

[0100] The said twisting section can also be called a clearance fit section. Usually, the said transition section is initially between the said precursor section and the said twisting section, but it can also form a complete barrel with the precursor section only.

[0101] Specifically including, without limitation, at least the following several typical barrel implementation ways:

[0102] 1) Smooth bore precursor section+smooth bore transition section;

[0103] 2) Smooth bore precursor section+smooth bore twisting section;

[0104] 3) Smooth bore precursor section+smooth bore transition section+smooth bore twisting section;

[0105] 4) Rifled bore precursor section+rifled bore transition section;

[0106] 5) Rifled bore precursor section+rifled bore clearance fit section;

[0107] 6) Rifled bore precursor section+rifled bore transition section+rifled bore clearance fit section.

[0108] 8) Rifled bore transition section;

[0109] 9) Rifled bore transition section+rifled bore clearance fit section;

[0110] 10) Smooth bore transition section;

[0111] 11) Smooth bore transition section+smooth bore clearance fit section;

[0112] That is, as mentioned in the previous technical scheme, the parameters such as the length of the three sections can be adjusted and taken as zero when necessary, and technicians in this field can select different technical schemes to implement based on needs.

[0113] At the same time, in each scheme, after the precursor section or before the transition section, another throat shrinkage section can be followed, that is, the diameter of the barrel is reduced and then expanded.

[0114] For the smooth bore barrel, when passing through the precursor section, the projectile seals the propellant gas to make precursor acceleration to the projectile, and when passing through the twisting section, the propellant gas flows through the volute grooves or volute through holes on the projectile or the projectile sabot to make precursor acceleration and twist acceleration to the projectile simultaneously. The transition between the said precursor section and the twisting section may be a step transition, a slope surface transition, an arc surface transition, or another curved surface transition, which makes the diameter of the barrel gradually expand. The above-mentioned transitions refer to that in the cross-sectional views of the transition part along the axis, the curve of the transition part is simply referred to as the transition curve, presenting steps, straight lines, arcs, or any other curves.

[0115] For the rifled bore barrel, when the projectile passes through the precursor section, it is no different from the existing rifled bore barrel weapon, while in the transition section, as the diameter of the barrel gradually increases, the acting force among the rifling, the barrel and the projectile gradually decreases, thus avoiding the vibration resulting from the sudden change of the stress of the projectile when the projectile finally exits the bore, so as to improve the precision and reduce the dispersion of points of impact. At the same time, a part of propellant gas can also be gradually released in the clearance fit section to avoid the disturbance of the reaction force on the barrel due to the sudden release and expansion of the gas blocked by the projectile at the barrel orifice as the projectile leaves the bore.

[0116] The main function of the transition section is to gradually reduce the interaction between the barrel and the projectile, and to decrease the impact of sudden changes in projectile stress on the motion posture of the projectile, regardless of whether to the smooth bore barrel or rifled bore barrel.

[0117] FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 below are schematic cross-sectional views of this multi-section barrel. Some details, including wall thickness, have been simplified to highlight the main features. The slight serration of some curves in the figures is caused by the defects of CAD drawing software itself.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 1, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-section smooth bore barrel with step transition, in which 1 is a precursor section, 2 is a transition step, and 3 is a twisting section.

[0119] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the slope transition, in which 1 is a precursor section, 2 is a slope transition, the transition curve is a straight line, 3 is a transition section, and 4 is a twisting section.

[0120] FIG. 3 is a curve transition, in which 1 is a precursor section, 2 is a curved surface transition, the transition curve is a curve, 3 is a transition section, and 4 is a twisting section.

[0121] FIG. 4 is also a curve transition, but the transition section is pretty long and extends to the vicinity of the barrel orifice. In the figure, 1 is a transition section, 2 is a curved surface transition, the transition curve is a curve, 3 is a twisting section and 4 is a barrel orifice.

[0122] FIG. 5 shows that the transition section extends all the way to the barrel orifice. In the figure, 1 is a transition section, 2 is a curved surface transition or slope transition, the transition curve is a curve or a straight line, and 3 is a barrel orifice. In this example, the barrel from the form has only a precursor section and a transition section, and there is no clear twisting section, but a part in the transition section that is in clearance fit with the projectile can still exist.

[0123] Although the above diagrams display the situation of smooth bore barrel, they are also applicable to rifled bore barrel.

[0124] The length of the transition section can be selected based on needs and relevant calculations and experiments, and can be very long or very short. If necessary, the said transition section can be very long up to the vicinity of the barrel orifice. The barrel can also include only a precursor section and a transition section.

[0125] A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, wherein at the tail of the projectile, two or more volute grooves or volute holes are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the projectile, including through holes or blind holes, the said volute grooves can be straight or curved surfaces, and the said curved surfaces can include bending in one or more dimensions. The said volute holes are inclined holes, one of which is opened at the bottom surface or the side surface of the projectile. The one is a through hole after passing through the projectile, and otherwise, it is a blind hole whose axis is bifacial from the projectile axis and forms an angle, and its form includes straight hole or curved hole, and the bending of curved hole includes bending of one or more dimensions;

[0126] Simultaneously, further smooth and transitional treatment can be conducted between each surface of the volute groove, especially between the bottom surface and the vertical surface and at each orifice of each volute through hole, so as to guide the axially flowing fluid, including propellant gas, to the radial direction.

[0127] A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, comprising an armor or bullet shell and a steel core, or only a steel core, i.e. pure steel projectile, or to clad or coat the steel core or to give heat treatment to change one or more of its plasticity, elasticity, air tightness, degree of finish, friction coefficient and other properties. When used for a sectional smooth bore barrel, the acting force is far less than that of a conventional bore barrel due to no rifling but smooth inner walls. Besides, the inner walls of the barrel fit the shape of the projectile, and the propellant gas can be sealed without large deformation. Therefore, the structural requirements of the projectile can be simplified, and the related processes and materials of lead sleeve can be omitted, only the contact part with the bore walls needs to be armored, covered, coated on the projectiles.

[0128] If the requirements are not high, even pure steel pellets can be directly used, or only part or all of the pure-steel projectile can be treated, and the said treatment includes one or more of heat treatment, coating and cladding.

[0129] FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 display projectiles symmetrically provided with six straight-surface volute grooves. FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional axonometric view. In the figure, 1 is a volute groove, 2 is a projectile bottom surface, 3 and 4 are both volute groove elevations, and 5 is a volute groove bottom surface. FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional front view, in which 1 is a volute groove and 2 is a projectile bottom surface.

[0130] FIG. 8 is a projectile symmetrically provided with three curved-surface volute grooves. The length, width, angle, radian, height, shape, etc. of the volute grooves in each figure can be further adjusted as required.

[0131] FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a projectile with five volute through holes. FIG. 10 is a corresponding two-dimensional block diagram. The situation of the through holes is best illustrated by the block diagram. FIG. 11 is a two-dimensional block diagram of front view. In all these three diagrams, 1 is a volute through hole and 2 is a projectile bottom surface. It can be seen that the volute through hole passes from the projectile bottom to the rear side surface of the projectile in this example.

[0132] FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are the three-dimensional schematic diagram and two-dimensional block diagram of the projectile provided with four volute through holes. In this example, the through holes are very short and cut off from the projectile bottom surface to the outer side surface of the rear of the projectile. This setting method results in low twisting efficiency, but when the bore pressure of propellant gas is sufficient, the projectile can be twisted, and in the whole operation process of the projectile after being unloaded from the bore, the airflow reversely flows through the through holes so as to have little side effect of reversely propelling and twisting the projectile. Undoubtedly, the advantage of reducing the front and rear pressure drag of the projectile by introducing air to the tail is decreased as well. This scheme can be used regardless of whether there is an bearing band or not. It is also true to replace volute through holes with a volute groove or to use in combination with it. However, the volute groove is slightly more difficult to process and has greater influence on the aerodynamic shape of the projectile, which may lead to higher wind resistance. Similarly, for the case of twisting the projectile through an external trajectory, it is just possible to, by adjusting the length and size of the hole, the number of through holes and various inclination angles and shapes of the through holes, etc., adjust the external ballistic airflow passing through volute through holes so as to twist the projectile, and the taper of the projectile body can be adjusted if necessary so as to adjust the windward area of the inlet of volute through holes to increase or decrease the twisting force.

[0133] FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show the case where the volute hole is a blind hole. At this time, the volute blind hole has an orifice only at the rear end, and the blind hole is filled with energetic materials such as gunpowder, and its burning rate is not higher than that of propellant used by the projectile. The said energetic materials are fixed in the blind hole and can be fixed by binders, preferably energetic binders, including collodion, etc. After firing, due to the relationship among the blind hole, inclination angle and the burning rate of energetic materials, the energetic materials in the blind hole will continue to burn, which can not merely propel the projectile forward in the driving section, but twist the projectile in the twisting section. After exiting the bore, the projectile can continue to twist the projectile, and meantime, the generated gas can also supplement the vacuum behind the projectile and reduce the pressure drag before and after the projectile.

[0134] Since there is additional power in the blind hole to twist the projectile at this time, and it continues to twist the projectile even after leaving the bore, the length of the twisting section can be compressed, and the length of the precursor section can be increased to obtain higher kinetic energy of the projectile outlet. If necessary, the twisting section can be eliminated, and even the transition section can be further compressed to a minimum. This volute blind hole projectile can also be directly used in existing pure rifled bore barrel or pure smooth bore barrel weapons.

[0135] These volute blind holes, volute through holes and volute grooves can also be used in combination with the above schemes, i.e. one or more of volute through holes, blind holes and volute grooves exist simultaneously on the projectile.

[0136] For projectiles with bearing bands, the volute grooves or volute holes may not pass through the bearing bands, cut off behind them, or pass through all or part of the bearing bands from below the bearing bands.

[0137] FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 display projectiles provided with five volute through holes. The volute through holes are opened from the rear of the projectiles, enter the interior of the projectiles, pass through a total of two bearing bands from the bottom of the bearing bands, and then pass to the surface of the projectiles.

[0138] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional axial measurement, and FIG. 17 is a corresponding block diagram. In the two figures, 1 is a volute through hole, 2 is an bearing band, 3 is an bearing band, 4 is a volute through hole, and 5 is a projectile bottom surface. 6 in FIG. 17 is a volute through hole.

[0139] FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 show the case where volute through holes pass through one bearing band to the middle of the two bearing bands. Definitely, the through hole can only go to the rear of the bearing band without passing through the bearing band, obviously the same is true for the volute blind hole.

[0140] In the two figures, 1 is an bearing band, 2 is an bearing band, 3 is a volute through hole, and 4 is a volute through hole.

[0141] When the multi-section barrel is used to fire the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile, the projectile firstly passes through the precursor section of the barrel, and at least a part of the projectile in this section is tightly fit with the barrel, including interference fit, so the projectile is tightly fit with the bore wall, sealing the propellant gas, forcing the gas to propel the projectile to accelerate forward movement in the barrel. When entering the twisting section, at least a part of the projectile is in clearance fit with the bore wall, and the airflow enters the clearance and flows out through the volute grooves or volute through holes, thus driving the projectile to accelerate forward on the one hand and accelerate rotation on the other hand.

[0142] As the extrusion and friction between the smooth bore barrel and the projectile are much smaller than that of the rifling, the length of the barrel required for the smooth bore barrel to reach the same advancing speed is lower for ammunition with the same caliber and propellant. Therefore, for a weapon system using a multi-section barrel to fire the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile, there must be a specific precursor section length. At the end of this section, the precursor speed of the projectile is equal to the exit speed of rifled bore weapons with the same caliber, the same propellant and the same projectile shape, and the length of the precursor section is obviously smaller than the total length of the barrel of the rifled bore weapons with the same caliber. Therefore, the length can be set as the reference length of the precursor section and adjusted as necessary, so that the propellant energy can be reasonably distributed between the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile, and the precursor section can be zero if necessary.

[0143] On the one hand, when the total length of the barrel and other factors are fixed, the longer the precursor section, the higher the precursor speed of the projectile, and the lower the rotational speed; the longer the twisting section, the lower the precursor speed, and the higher the rotational speed. In the meanwhile, when the total length of the barrel is fixed, the lengths of these two sections tend to be one another, thus the influence becomes more obvious. On the other hand, the higher the speed, the greater the wind resistance of the projectile, the more the gas flow can flow through the volute through holes and volute grooves, thus twisting the projectile.

[0144] Therefore, various parameters, including the number, diameter, height, length, various inclinations, radians, curvatures and shapes of the volute grooves or volute holes, including the shapes of all sides of the volute grooves, and one or more of the total length of the weapon barrel, the length of the barrel precursor section, the length of the twisting section, the length of the transition section and the transition curve, can be further adjusted to reasonably distribute the propellant energy between the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile.

[0145] Simultaneously, in the twisting section, on the one hand, the propellant gas still has strong pressure to propel the projectile forward, on the other hand, the propellant gas twists the projectile through the volute grooves or volute holes to ensure the stability of the trajectory. Hence, while ensuring the firing precision, the kinetic energy of the projectile outlet will be greater than the rifled bore weapons with the same barrel length, the same caliber and the same propellant.

[0146] Apart from the conventional method mentioned above, since the volute grooves or volute through holes can pass under the bearing band and extend from the rear of the bearing band to the front of it (the head of the projectile is front and the bottom of the projectile is rear, the same below), propellant gas in the precursor section will leak through the volute grooves or volute through holes to a certain extent. Due to the extremely high bore pressure, huge twisting force will be generated on the projectile, but due to the tight fit between the projectile and the bore wall, friction resistance will render it difficult to rotate and make the projectile produce stress. After entering the twisting section, on the one hand, the friction force preventing rotation will disappear rapidly, but the twisting force will still be maintained. At this time, it will produce an effect similar to the sudden rupture of bowstring after drawing a bow, and the projectile will rotate at a high speed.

[0147] This scheme can be applied to the case where special high speed rotation is required.

[0148] In particular, for the case of using the volute groove, the bearing band material can be selected appropriately to press the bearing band into the volute groove due to its tight fit with the inner wall (bore wall) of the barrel when the projectile is in the precursor section, thus blocking the volute groove to prevent the propellant gas from leaking. When the projectile reaches the twisting section, without the pressure of the bore wall, the bearing band returns to its original state, and on the one hand, it bulges to prevent the propellant gas from leaking directly from the gap between the projectile and the bore wall while on the other hand, the passage of the volute groove is cleared again, so that the propellant gas principally passes through the volute groove to bypass the leakage of bearing band, thus twisting the projectile. On this basis, a bulge with a specific shape and protruding into the volute groove can be further arranged at the bottom of the bearing band, so that in the precursor section, the bearing band is pressed, the bulge is pressed toward the axis, thus reaching the bottom of the volute groove and blocking the volute groove. While in the twisting section, the shape of the bearing band is restored, the bulge is separated from the bottom of the volute groove, and the volute groove unblocks the flow of propellant gas from the volute groove, thus twisting the projectile.

[0149] The conical-tail shelled projectile using the fluid-propelled spinning technical scheme can use propellant gas to propel the projectile core and twist the projectile core because the projectile sabot is provided with volute grooves or volute holes, so the projectile core does not need a tail fin for stabilization, thus the projectile sabot structure can be simpler, and the shelling can be directly done from the rear as a whole.

[0150] That is, the tail of the projectile core is designed into a taper with a thick front and a thin rear, or a cylinder or a tapered frustum with a thick front and a thin tail end, while the projectile sabot can be hollow or cup-shaped, including a bottom-leaking cup-shaped one or a pushpin-shaped one; its structure is symmetrically or uniformly designed along the central axis and is hollow or cup-shaped, including bottom-leaking cup-shaped. Its hollow part has the same taper with a thick front and a thin rear as the rear of the projectile core. In this way, the said projectile sabot is sleeved on the projectile core from rear to front like a taper sleeve.

[0151] When the multi-section barrel is used for firing, the projectile sabot and the bore wall in the precursor section are tightly fit, including interference fit, so that the gas can be sealed. At the same time, as the gas thrust area of the projectile sabot is much larger than that of the projectile core, the projectile sabot is tightly pressed on the projectile core like a taper sleeve, propelling the projectile to accelerate forward. In the twisting section, propellant gas leaks out from the clearance between the projectile and the barrel through the volute grooves or volute through holes on the projectile sabot, thus propelling the projectile to accelerate forward on the one hand, and twisting the projectile sabot on the other hand, and driving the projectile core for twisting via the friction belt between the projectile sabot.

[0152] When the projectile leaves the gun muzzle, as the wind resistance of the projectile sabot is much larger than that of the projectile core, and because of the symmetry of the windward face of the projectile sabot and its overall symmetry, the projectile sabot will move right astern relative to the projectile core, and the projectile sabot will shell like the taper sleeve is pulled out, and the shelling process will have little influence on the projectile core.

[0153] It is also possible to arrange a plurality of pits at the bottom of the projectile core with the axis of the projectile core as the center, which are uniformly or symmetrically arranged around the center. The pits include various forms, such as cones, the taper of which is thick outside and thin inside, i.e. close to the bottom orifice and thick inside, while the projectile sabot takes on a cup shape at this time, including a bottom-leaking cup shape, and the bottom of the said bottom-leaking cup-shaped finger cup is provided with one or more air-permeable through holes or grooves, including pushpin-shaped ones. At this time, the bottom of the corresponding projectile sabot has one or more bulges corresponding to the pits at the projectile bottom core. When the pits of the projectile core have a taper, the taper of the bulges of the projectile sabot also corresponds to the taper of the pits at the projectile bottom core.

[0154] Alternatively, the projectile sabot may be in the shape of a pushpin with one or more needle tips, i.e., there is no projectile sabot wall, only the projectile sabot bottom and bulges, and the volute grooves and volute holes are arranged at the bottom of the projectile sabot, the said needle tips are bulges corresponding to the pits at the bottom of the projectile core, and the said bulges may also be provided with one or more air-leakage through holes or grooves, and when the pits of the projectile core are tapered, the taper of the bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot also corresponds to the pits at the bottom of the projectile core.

[0155] At this time and in this part, the projectile core is sleeved on the bulge of the projectile sabot like a taper sleeve. The connection between the projectile core and the projectile sabot can also drive and twist the projectile. After the projectile exits the bore, as the projectile sabot has a joyride design and is symmetrical along the axis of the projectile, the projectile sabot is also shelled right astern relative to the projectile core due to high wind resistance and symmetry around the axis. Moreover, in order to avoid the formation of vacuum between the projectile core and the projectile sabot, which results in the difficulty of shelling, enough holes or grids can be left at the projectile sabot bottom, i.e. the cup bottom and the pushpin bottom. This scheme and the former scheme can be either used separately or in combination.

[0156] Furthermore, bulges or grooves of similar guide keys and keyways can be arranged on the surfaces of the said bulges and pits; or the said pits and bulges are processed into a cylindrical shape, and internal or external guide splines or spline-like structures are arranged on the said pits and bulges, the said internal and external guide splines move relatively to a limited position along the axial direction, and may be freely pulled out in reverse movement. Air-leakage through holes or gaps can also be arranged on the bulges at the inner bottom of the said projectile sabot to prevent vacuum generated in the pits from hindering shelling during shelling, and the said internal and external guide splines can also be processed with taper so as to be pulled out during reverse movement.

[0157] FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are examples of bottom-leaking cup-shaped projectile sabots. FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view, and FIG. 21 is an axonometric block diagram, in which a conical pit is arranged on the bottom surface of the projectile core with the axis as the center, and a conical bulge is correspondingly arranged on the inner bottom of the projectile sabot, both of which have the same taper. During assembly, this part of pits of the projectile core are sleeved with the bulge of the projectile sabot like a taper sleeve, and the said pits and bulge surface can also be provided with bulges or grooves of similar guide keys and keyways;

It is also suggested to process the pits and bulges into cylindrical shapes, and to arrange internal or external guide splines or spline-like structures on them to twist the projectile core and facilitate backward pullout. The said guide splines refer to that splines are movable in the axial direction, but the relative movement of the projectile sabot and projectile core in the axial direction has a limit position, but the reverse movement of the projectile sabot and projectile core in the axial direction is free. The said keys, keyways, internal and external splines and similar mechanisms can also be provided with taper to facilitate smoother axial movement.

[0158] As a preference, two or more pits at the bottom of the said projectile core and bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot can be provided, and are uniformly or symmetrically arranged around the axis of the projectile core, and each bulge at the bottom of the said projectile sabot corresponds to a pit at the bottom of the projectile core, and the whole projectile sabot at this time is hollow, cup-shaped, bottom-leaking cup-shaped, and pushpin-shaped.

[0159] FIG. 22 is an example in which a plurality of pits and bulges are uniformly arranged around the axis. The said pits and bulges have corresponding tapers to facilitate propelling in, twisting in and pulling out the projectile core. While the through holes at the bottom ensures that no vacuum is formed between the projectile sabot cup and the projectile core during shelling, resulting in difficulty in shelling. The through holes at the bulges ensure that no vacuum is formed between the projectile sabot bulge and the projectile core pit during shelling, resulting in difficulty in shelling. The volute through holes extend to the middle of the two bearing bands, and can also extend to other positions definitely.

[0160] In the figure, 1 is an bearing band, 2 is a volute through hole, 3 is a through hole on the bottom surface of the projectile sabot, 4 is an bearing band, 5 is a volute through hole, 6 is a through hole on the bottom surface of the projectile sabot, 7 is a through hole on the bulge part of the bottom surface of the projectile sabot. The through hole passes through the tapered bulge part on the outer bottom and inner bottom of the said projectile sabot to prevent vacuum from being generated between the bulge part of the projectile sabot and the concave part of the projectile core during shelling. The whole projectile sabot is sleeved with the projectile core in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, while on the bottom surface of the projectile core, the projectile core pit is sleeved with the bulge at the projectile sabot bottom like a taper sleeve, and the said projectile core can be various standard bullets or shell projectiles or other non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles.

[0161] FIG. 23 is a three-dimensional schematic view from another angle, which can clearly show the bulge at the bottom of the projectile sabot. FIG. 24 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional schematic view of the projectile sabot through its axis. FIG. 25 is a three-dimensional schematic view from another angle of its cross-section. In the figure, 1 is an bearing band, 2 is a projectile sabot wall, and its taper can be clearly seen from the figure. When there is no projectile sabot wall, the volute grooves and volute holes are arranged at the bottom, which are like pushpins, 3 is a through hole at the bulge part of the projectile sabot bottom, 4 is a bulge of the inner projectile sabot bottom, 5 is a through hole of the projectile sabot bottom, and 6 is a projectile core.

[0162] FIG. 26 is a left-view two-dimensional block diagram of the said projectile core and projectile sabot. The left side is a projectile core and the right side is a projectile sabot, and tapered pits inside the projectile core can be clearly seen.

[0163] In the above-mentioned schemes, the projectile sabot and the projectile core can be fixed by a binder, and the said binder should have a small adhesive strength or easily lose the adhesive strength at high temperature. Thus, on the one hand, the projectile sabot and the projectile core can be relatively fixed during transportation, which is convenient for transportation, while on the other hand, the residual adhesive strength in the twisting section after firing can also help the projectile sabot to twist the projectile core. When the projectile is flushed out of the barrel, the binder losing its adhesive strength due to high temperature will not prevent the projectile sabot from shelling backward.

[0164] For projectiles without bearing bands, a circle of bulges can be formed on the projectile body through cladding or other means, thus obtaining the effect of similar bearing bands. When the bulges are arranged in front of the orifices of the volute through holes, part of the boundary layer airflow can be squeezed out, thus reducing the boundary layer airflow entering the volute grooves or volute through holes and affecting the posture of the projectiles.

[0165] Apart from that, for all the above cases with and without bearing bands, it is also possible to fill the volute grooves or volute through holes with some filler, which can be a substance decomposed at high temperature, so that when the projectile is in the precursor section, the volute grooves or volute through holes is blocked by the volute grooves or volute through holes to seal the propellant gas, and when the projectile reaches the twisting section, the filler has been decomposed at high temperature, and the volute grooves or volute through holes guide the propellant gas to propel the twisting projectile smoothly.

[0166] Moreover, the number, height, length, angle with the axis of the said volute grooves or volute through holes as well as many other numerous angles, curved radian, shape of each surface of the volute groove, including shape and size of the tail cone of the projectile can be selected and configured to realize distribution of propellant gas energy between the projectile precursor speed and rotation speed through further calculation and experiments based on different projectile requirements, and relevant parameters can be taken as zero if necessary.

THE BEST IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLE FOR THE PRESENT INVENTION

The Best Implementation Mode for the Present Invention

[0167] A barrel weapon system comprising a multi-section smooth bore barrel and fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, which can be guns and cannons of various calibers, including machine guns or machine cannons, and various phalanxes, etc. The said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are fired through the said multi-section smooth bore barrel.

[0168] A weapon system comprising a multi-section rifled bore barrel and non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles. Non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles including various standard ammunition are fired through the said multi-section rifled bore barrel, which can be guns or cannons of various calibers, including machine guns, machine cannons, as well as various phalanxes. Due to the huge interaction between the precursor section projectiles and the barrel, as the barrel diameter gradually increases through the transition section, the interaction is gradually reduced, so that when the projectile comes from the orifice, the stress on the projectile has been gradually released, thus avoiding the situation in which the interaction between the projectile and the barrel suddenly disappears when the projectile comes out of the barrel in the current rifled bore weapon system, thus causing the sudden change of the projectile stress, resulting in the posture change and affecting the precision.

[0169] A weapon system using a smooth bore barrel and the before-mentioned fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, the said smooth bore barrel and some or all of the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile form clearance fit. The typical use of the system is mortar. As shown in FIG. 27, 1 is a volute through hole, 2 is a volute through hole, and 3 is a blasting hole (there are multiple such blasting holes), 4 is a projectile bottom surface, and 5 is a primer mounting hole.

[0170] FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the projectile bottom passing through the axis, in which 1 is a powder chamber used for placing explosives, 2 is a blasting hole, 3 is a projectile bottom surface, 4 is a blasting hole, 5 is a primer mounting hole, 6 is a propellant chamber used for mounting a propellant column. The original propellant chamber shown in the figure is a tapered frustum, and definitely, it can also be designed as a cylinder, or combined with the primer, so that the propellant and primer can also be used in common with the propellant column of the existing mortar projectile, and the gun carriage and barrel part can also be used in common with the existing mortar.

[0171] This mortar projectile uses the firing apparatus of the existing mortar. Since its barrel is smooth bore and forms a clearance fit with the projectile, it can directly propel the projectile by gas flow and twist the projectile to obtain a stable trajectory, thus eliminating the tail fin. Furthermore, the air resistance is greatly reduced due to the rotation of the projectile itself, so the precision and range will be raised under the same caliber and the same propellant, and the existing launcher only needs to replace bullets, and even the primer of the projectile is used in common to the maximum extent.

[0172] A weapon system using a multi-section smooth bore barrel to fire various types of tail fin-stabilized shelled projectiles, including tail fin-stabilized shelled armor-piercing projectiles, gradually reduces the said interaction through a transition section due to the interaction between the projectile and the barrel in the precursor section, including friction force and resistance generated by deformation of the projectile sabot or the bearing band, so that the stress on the projectile when it comes from the orifice is gradually released, so as to avoid the sudden disappearance of the said interaction when the projectiles exit the barrel in the current weapon system, which causes the stress of the projectiles to suddenly change, thus results in the posture change and affects the precision, especially suitable for large-caliber smoothbore gun systems firing long-rod armor-piercing projectiles with stable tail fins.

[0173] A howitzer system comprising a multi-section smooth bore barrel and fluid-propelled spinning projectiles. The howitzer is loaded with projectiles through the bottom, which boasts various advantages over the current mortar system. First of all, as the bearing band in the driving section is tightly fitted with the bore wall, propellant gas can be sealed, and good centering effect can be achieved. Besides, the projectile can spin through the twisting action of the twisting section, thus reducing air resistance and stabilizing the trajectory and posture of the external trajectory. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the range and precision of the mortar system by the current mortar system.

[0174] Moreover, the mortar system does not need a tail fin because of its relatively high initial speed and stable spin, which makes the structure of the shell simpler and lower in cost. In the meanwhile, due to its higher speed and more stable flight, the projectile body itself does not need to follow the aerodynamic principle too strictly, its head can be more round and blunt, and its rear can be more stocky, thus carrying more explosives. What's more, the bottom filling can make the operator crawl all the way and reduce the probability of casualties.

[0175] Direct firing can also be realized simultaneously, and even automatic continuous firing can be achieved simply by matching the projectile drum, continuous firing mechanism and sighting telescope.

[0176] A weapon system comprising a multi-section barrel and fluid-propelled spin shell projectiles, wherein the said multi-section barrel is in the before-mentioned form of smooth bore; the said fluid-propelled spinning shelled projectile comprises a projectile sabot and a projectile core; the projectile sabot is symmetrically designed around a central axis and is provided with a groove for joyriding at the front end; and volute grooves or volute through holes are arranged at the rear or tail of the projectile sabot in the manner described above. Besides, the projectile sabot is hollow and cup-shaped, and comprises a bottom leakage cup shape and a pushpin shape. Therein, the cavity is a frustum or cone with taper at the front and thick and thin at the back, and the rear of the projectile core also has the same taper, so that the projectile sabot can be sleeved on the projectile core from rear to front like a taper sleeve.

[0177] Similarly, it is also suggested to set a tapered pit at the bottom of the said projectile core, the taper of which is large outside and small inside, while the bottom of the projectile sabot is also provided with a bulge with a corresponding taper to push into the pits at the bottom of the projectile core. At this time and in this part, the projectile core becomes a taper sleeve which is sleeved on the bulge of the projectile sabot, and the bulge part of the projectile sabot can also be provided with through holes, so as to avoid difficulty in shelling or influence on the posture of the projectile core due to the formation of vacuum in the projectile core pit during shelling.

[0178] When the projectile is excited, in the precursor section of the barrel, part or all of the projectile sabot is tightly fitted with the barrel, including interference fit, so as to seal the propellant gas and propel the projectile sabot forward through the propellant gas, while the taper sleeve connection between the projectile sabot and the projectile core, the propelling of the cup bottom and the top of the pushpin enable the projectile sabot to propel the projectile core to accelerate forward; in the twisting section, as the propellant gas still has huge thrust, on the one hand, the projectile sabot is continuously propelled forward to accelerate, and on the other hand, the projectile sabot is still tightly pressed on the projectile core, so that the projectile can be twisted through the friction force between the projectile sabot and the projectile core. For cup-shaped or bottom-leaking cup-shaped and pushpin-shaped projectile sabots, the projectile core can also be twisted through the pit and bulge structure at the bottom. After the projectile is flushed out of the barrel, due to the design of the joyriding groove at the front end of the projectile sabot, its wind resistance is much greater than that of the projectile core, and the structure is symmetrical around the axis of the projectile core, so the force is uniform. Therefore, under the action of wind resistance, the projectile sabot is pulled out right astern relative to the projectile core, just like the taper sleeve is pulled out, thus avoiding interference to the projectile core to the greatest extent.

[0179] The projectile sabot and the projectile core can also be fixed by a binder, including energetic binder. The said binder should have small adhesive strength or easily lose adhesive strength at high temperature. In this way, on the one hand, the projectile sabot and the projectile core can be relatively fixed during transportation, which is convenient for transportation, while on the other hand, in the twisting section, its residual adhesive strength can also help the projectile sabot to twist the projectile core; and when the projectile is flushed out of the barrel, the binder losing its adhesive strength due to high temperature will not prevent the projectile sabot from shelling backward.

[0180] When cup-shaped structure is adopted, including bottom-leaking cup-shaped structure, elastic materials can also be used for the bottom or/and the walls of the projectile sabot, so that in the process of propelling the projectile core by the projectile sabot in the bore, the projectile sabot bottom will generate compressive stress and deformation, the thrust of propellant gas on the projectile sabot disappears after exiting the bore, and the huge acting force between the projectile sabot and projectile core will propel the projectile core forward continuously while propelling the projectile sabot backward, thus accelerating shelling.

[0181] As the volute grooves and volute holes are both on the projectile sabot, the shape of the projectile core is almost unchanged, and there are only pits on the bottom surface, so the aerodynamic shape of the projectile core can be unaffected, and pretty good aerodynamic performance can be maintained. Apart from that, since large-caliber barrel and large-caliber propellant can be used, standard projectiles with good aerodynamic shape can be used as the projectile core and fired through a large-caliber projectile sabot, so extremely long range and stable trajectory can be obtained. Furthermore, since the acting force between the projectile and the barrel is much smaller than that of the rifled bore weapon, the barrel is less jumpy, the stability of continuous shooting is high, and the heating of the barrel is reduced as well. Therefore, it is especially suitable for long-range sniper rifles or anti-equipment rifles, light and heavy rifles or machine guns or machine cannons, anti-aircraft machine guns, and multi-barrel phalanxes.

[0182] A system and method for firing conventional ammunition using a multi-section barrel. Various standard ammunition including non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles of various calibers are fired through the multi-section barrel. The said multi-section barrel includes a smooth bore or a rifled bore, and the said standard ammunition includes military, police bullets of various calibers as well as civilian bullets. For example, the multi-section rifled barrel, including a driving section+a transition section, or a clearance fit section, fires various existing standard bullets or shells; by using a multi-section smooth bore barrel, including a driving section+a transition section, or a clearance fit section, it fires various tail fin-stabilized shelled projectiles, etc. The stress of the projectile is gradually released through the transition section, thus avoiding disturbance to the posture of the projectile resulting from sudden release of stress from the existing weapon system till the barrel orifice, and at the same time, a part of fuel gas can be released in advance through the clearance fit section to avoid a large amount of fuel gas. When it is suddenly released centrally at the muzzle after being choked by the projectile, its reaction force disturbs the barrel. This part of fuel gas contains propellant that is still burning and expanding, especially when the barrel is short. Therefore, it expands violently and assumes hemispherical expansion (the fuel gas has a precursor speed), so it has a relatively strong reaction force against the barrel orifice, and it is difficult to control the reaction force acting on the barrel orifice.

[0183] A spinning projectile rifled bore weapon system, which fires fluid-propelled spinning projectile through a conventional rifled bore barrel.

[0184] The movement of the projectile in the bore is no different from that of a common rifled bore weapon system, but after the projectile leaves the bore, the air flow on the surface of the projectile body is introduced into the said volute grooves or volute through holes and guided to the projectile bottom, thus filling the vacuum generated behind the projectile due to the high-speed forward movement of the projectile, thereby reducing the front and rear pressure drag of the projectile.

[0185] In addition, after the projectile leaves the bore, the surface airflow of the projectile flows from front to rear through the said volute grooves or volute through holes, and the projectile can also be twisted (definitely, the rotation direction is opposite, so the relevant parameters of the volute grooves or volute through holes need to be matched with the direction in which the projectile is twisted by the rifling), so that the reduction of the rotation speed of the projectile resulting from friction can be avoided. Also, the length and size of volute through holes, the number of through holes and various inclination angles and shapes of through holes can be further adjusted, so as to adjust the external ballistic airflow passing through the through hole and further adjust the twisting force on the projectile, the taper of the projectile body if necessary; and it also adjusts the windward area at the entrance of the volute through holes to adjust the twisting force and resistance.

INDUSTRIAL PRACTICABILITY

[0186] Whether it is a multi-section barrel or a fluid-propelled spinning projectile, it requires few additional processes and mature processing means compared with the existing barrel and projectile, and the existing equipment can meet the precision requirements. At the same time, for the multi-section barrel, the performance of the weapon system can be obviously enhanced by replacing a new barrel without any changes to the ammunition, and the problem of uniform ammunition supply for the same gun family can be solved. Thus, its industrial practicability is beyond doubt.

[0187] The above is a preferred implementation way of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in this technical field, several improvements and embellishments can be made without departing from the said principles of the present invention, and these improvements and embellishments should also be deemed as the scope of protection of the present invention.