Magnetic and thermally conductive material and thermally conductive and dielectric layer
10494556 ยท 2019-12-03
Assignee
Inventors
- Chun-Pin Wu (Tainan, TW)
- Mean-Jue Tung (Jincheng Township, TW)
- Ching-Chen Hsieh (Hemei Township, TW)
- Wei-Ta Yang (Taoyuan, TW)
- Meng-Song Yin (Hsinchu, TW)
Cpc classification
International classification
Abstract
A magnetic and thermally conductive material is provided, which includes a thermally conductive compound powder, and an iron-containing oxide at a surface of the thermally conductive compound powder, wherein the iron-containing oxide is an oxide of iron with an other metal, and the other metal is nickel, zinc, copper, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, yttrium, lithium, aluminum, or a combination thereof. A thermally conductive and dielectric layer is also provided, which includes a magnetic and thermally conductive material and a resin, wherein the thermally conductive material includes a thermally conductive compound powder, and an iron-containing oxide at a surface of the thermally conductive compound powder, wherein the iron-containing oxide is an oxide of iron with an other metal, and the other metal is nickel, zinc, copper, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, yttrium, lithium, aluminum, or a combination thereof.
Claims
1. A magnetic and thermally conductive material, comprising: a thermally conductive compound powder; and an iron-containing oxide at and in contact with a surface of the thermally conductive compound powder, wherein the iron-containing oxide is an oxide of iron with an other metal, and the other metal is (1) a combination of Ni and Zn, (2) Y, (3) Ni, (4) a combination of Ni, Cu and Zn, (5) a combination of Mg and Mn, (6) a combination of Ni, Y and Zn, or (7) a combination of Ni and Li, and wherein the other metal and the iron of the iron-containing oxide have a molar ratio of greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.75.
2. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive compound powder has a long axis length to a short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1.
3. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive compound powder has a particle size of 0.1 m to 110 m.
4. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive compound powder comprises boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, carbon nitride, octahedral carbon, tetrahedral carbon, or a combination thereof.
5. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the iron-containing oxide occupies 0.05 wt % to 60 wt % of the magnetic and thermally conductive material.
6. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the iron-containing oxide has a long axis length to a short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1.
7. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, having a saturation magnetization of greater than 0.03 emu/g.
8. The magnetic and thermally conductive material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic and thermally conductive material has a unit saturation magnetization of greater than or equal to 0.0224 emu/g.Math.wt % and less than or equal to 0.7088 emu/g.Math.wt %.
9. A thermally conductive and dielectric layer, comprising: a magnetic and thermally conductive material and a resin, wherein the thermally conductive material comprises a thermally conductive compound powder, and an iron-containing oxide at and in contact with a surface of the thermally conductive compound powder, wherein the iron-containing oxide is an oxide of iron with an other metal, and the other metal is (1) a combination of Ni and Zn, (2) Y, (3) Ni, (4) a combination of Ni, Cu and Zn, (5) a combination of Mg and Mn, (6) a combination of Ni, Y and Zn, or (7) a combination of Ni and Li, and wherein the other metal and the iron of the iron-containing oxide have a molar ratio of greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.75.
10. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the magnetic and thermally conductive material occupies 2 wt % to 90 wt % of the thermally conductive and dielectric layer.
11. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the thermally conductive compound powder has a long axis length to a short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1.
12. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the thermally conductive compound powder has a particle size of 0.1 m to 110 m.
13. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the thermally conductive compound powder comprises boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, carbon nitride, octahedral carbon, tetrahedral carbon, or a combination thereof.
14. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the iron-containing oxide occupies 0.05 wt % to 60 wt % of the magnetic and thermally conductive material.
15. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the iron-containing oxide has a long axis length to a short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1.
16. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, having a saturation magnetization of greater than 0.03 emu/g.
17. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the resin comprises acrylic resin, epoxy resin, poly(phenolic ether) resin, polyimide resin, polyolefin resin, or a combination thereof.
18. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the magnetic and thermally conductive material magnetically aligns with a magnetic field for controlling a component ratio of a long axis of the magnetic and thermally conductive material along a direction of the magnetic field.
19. The thermally conductive and dielectric layer as claimed in claim 9, being applied to a thermally conductive sheet, an optoelectronic device substrate, a printed circuit board, a semiconductor substrate, a packaging material, or an encapsulating material.
20. The magnetic and thermally conductive layer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the magnetic and thermally conductive material has a unit saturation magnetization of greater than or equal to 0.0224 emu/g.Math.wt % and less than or equal to 0.7088 emu/g.Math.wt %.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The disclosure can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(5) In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawing.
(6) One embodiment provides a magnetic and thermally conductive material including a thermally conductive compound powder 11 and an iron-containing oxide 13 on a surface of the thermally conductive compound powder 11, as shown in
(7) In one embodiment, the thermally conductive compound powder has a long axis length to short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1 and less than or equal to 120, and the iron-containing oxide has a long axis length to short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1 and less than or equal to 40. If a thermally conductive compound powder has an overly low ratio of the long axis length to the short axis length, the magnetic and thermally conductive material cannot efficiently transfer heat along a specific direction. If an iron-containing oxide has an overly low ratio of the long axis length to the short axis length, the magnetic and thermally conductive material cannot efficiently transfer heat along a specific direction.
(8) In one embodiment, a coating ratio (the weight % that the iron-containing oxide occupies magnetic and thermally conductive material) is about 0.05 wt % to 60 wt %. An overly low coating ratio make the thermally conductive material have an insufficient magnetic property, thereby needing a magnetic field of high intensity or a long period to align the magnetic and thermally conductive material. As a result, the equipment cost or manufacturing period is dramatically increased. An overly high coating ratio results in an overly large surface of the thermally conductive compound powder being covered by the iron-containing oxide (with a lower thermal conductivity). As a result, the thermal conductivity of the magnetic and thermally conductive material is reduced.
(9) The iron-containing oxide is an oxide of iron with an other metal, and the other metal is nickel, zinc, copper, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, yttrium, lithium, aluminum, or a combination thereof.
(10) The other metal and the iron of the iron-containing oxide have a molar ratio (other metal mole/iron mole=x/y) greater than 0 and less than or equal to 80. If the other metal and iron have a molar ratio of 0, the magnetic and thermally conductive material has a poor insulation and a high dielectric loss, it may result in conductive path and signal loss. If the metal and iron have an overly high molar ratio, the magnetic and thermally conductive material will have an insufficient magnetic property, thereby needing a magnetic field of high intensity or a long period to align the magnetic and thermally conductive material. As a result, the equipment cost or manufacturing period is dramatically increased.
(11) In one embodiment, the magnetic and thermally conductive material has a saturation magnetization of greater than 0.03 emu/g and less than or equal to 40 emu/g. A magnetic and thermally conductive material with an overly low saturation magnetization is difficult to align with a normal magnetic field, thereby needing a magnetic field of high intensity or a long period to align the magnetic and thermally conductive material. As a result, the equipment cost or manufacturing period is dramatically increased. A magnetic and thermally conductive material with an overly high saturation magnetization means increasing an iron-containing oxide ratio, such that an overly large surface of the thermally conductive compound powder is covered by the iron-containing oxide (with a lower thermal conductivity). As a result, the thermal conductivity of the magnetic and thermally conductive material is reduced.
(12) The magnetic and thermally conductive material can be utilized in a thermally conductive and dielectric layer. After magnetic aligning the magnetic and thermally conductive material in the dielectric layer, the thermal conductivity of the dielectric layer can be enhanced. The thermally conductive compound powder 11 or the iron-containing oxide 13 of the magnetic and thermally conductive material has a long axis length to short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1. The magnetic and thermally conductive material (See
(13) In one embodiment, the thermally conductive and dielectric layer includes 2 wt % to 90 wt % of the magnetic and thermally conductive material and 98 wt % to 10 wt % of the resin.
(14) Below, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawings so as to be easily realized by a person having ordinary knowledge in the art. The inventive concept may be embodied in various forms without being limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Descriptions of well-known parts are omitted for clarity, and like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
EXAMPLES
(15) Ratios of a long axis length to a short axis length of thermally conductive compound powders were measured by a scanning electron microscope (commercially available from Oxford Instruments), which are listed in Table 1.
Examples 1-1 to 1-31
(16) Thermally conductive compound powders were weighed according to numbers in Tables 1, 3, and 4, and then added into deionized water to form solutions A.sub.1-1 to A.sub.1-31, respectively. Chemicals were weighed according to element molar ratios and coating ratios in Tables 2 to 4, and then added into deionized water to form solutions B.sub.1-1 to B.sub.1-31. The coating ratio means a weight ratio that the iron-containing oxide occupied in a thermally conductive powder. In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the coating ratio is used for illustration to be consistent with the Tables. The solutions A.sub.1-1 to A.sub.1-31 were added to the corresponding solutions B.sub.1-1 to B.sub.1-31 and mixed by a stirrer to form mixture liquids C.sub.1-1 to C.sub.1-31. The mixture liquids C.sub.1-1 to C.sub.1-31 were heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the mixture liquids C.sub.1-1 to C.sub.1-31 for tuning them to be basic. The basic mixture liquids were stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 800 C., and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining samples of Examples 1-1 to 1-31 (Magnetic and thermally conductive materials). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Examples 1-31 to 1-31 were weighed to measure their saturation magnetization values by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Examples 1-1 to 1-31 were put into a mold, respectively, and then pressed to mold the samples with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Resistivity values of the samples were measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). Dielectric loss values of the samples were measured by an LCR meter (E4291B 16453A test fixture). Ratios of a long axis length to a short axis length of the iron-containing oxide in the some samples were measured by a scanning electron microscope (commercially available from Oxford Instruments). The measured values are listed in Tables 3 and 4.
Examples 2-1 to 2-3
(17) Thermally conductive compound powders were weighed according to numbers in Tables 1 and 5, and then added into deionized water to form solutions A.sub.2-1 to A.sub.2-3, respectively. Chemicals were weighed according to element molar ratios and coating ratios in Tables 2 and 5, and then added into deionized water to form solutions B.sub.2-1 to B.sub.2-3. The solutions A.sub.2-1 to A.sub.2-3 were added to the corresponding solutions B.sub.2-1 to B.sub.2-3 and mixed by a stirrer to form mixture liquids C.sub.2-1 to C.sub.2-3. The mixture liquids C.sub.2-1 to C.sub.2-3 were heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the mixture liquids C.sub.2-1 to C.sub.2-3 for tuning them to be basic. The basic mixture liquids were stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 800 C., and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining samples of Examples 2-1 to 2-3 (Magnetic and thermally conductive materials). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Examples 2-1 to 2-3 were weighed to measure their saturation magnetization values by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Examples 2-1 to 2-3 were put into a mold, respectively, and then pressed to mold the samples with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Resistivity values of the samples were measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). The measured values are listed in Table 5.
Examples 3-1 and 3-2
(18) Thermally conductive compound powders were weighed according to numbers in Table 5, and then added into deionized water to form solutions A.sub.3-1 and A.sub.3-2, respectively. Chemicals were weighed according to element molar ratios and coating ratios in Tables 2 and 5, and then added into deionized water to form solutions B.sub.3-1 and B.sub.3-2. The solutions B.sub.3-1 and B.sub.3-2 were heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the solutions B.sub.3-1 and B.sub.3-2 for tuning them to be basic. The basic solutions were stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 800 C. and 1000 C., respectively, and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining magnetic powders D.sub.3-1 and D.sub.3-2. The magnetic powders D.sub.3-1 and D.sub.3-2 were added to the corresponding solutions A.sub.3-1 and A.sub.3-2 and mixed by a stirrer. Nitric acid aqueous solution was added to the mixtures for tuning them to be acidic. The acidified mixtures were stirred by a stirrer for 30 minutes and then baked in an oven to be dry, thereby obtaining samples of Examples 3-1 and 3-2 (Magnetic and thermally conductive materials). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Examples 3-1 and 3-2 were weighed to measure their saturation magnetization values by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Examples 3-1 and 3-2 were put into a mold, respectively, and then pressed to mold the samples with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Resistivity values of the samples were measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). The measured values are listed in Table 5.
Examples 4-1 to 4-12
(19) The magnetic and thermally conductive materials in Tables 4 and 5 and the resins in Table 6 were mixed according to the magnetic and thermally conductive material ratios (wt %) in Table 6. The mixtures were coated to form gel layers C4-1 to C4-12. The gel layers were put into an external magnetic field system 16 to magnetically align with a magnetic field of 1.25 Tesla for periods as shown in Table 6. The external magnetic field direction was parallel to the thickness direction of the gel layers, as shown in
Comparative Example 1
(20) A thermally conductive compound powder was weighed according to number in Tables 1 and 3, and then added into deionized water to form a solution E.sub.1. A chemical was weighed according to an element molar ratio and a coating ratio in Tables 2 and 3, and then added into deionized water to form a solution F.sub.1. The solution E.sub.1 was added to the solution F.sub.1 and mixed by a stirrer to form a mixture liquid G.sub.1. The mixture liquid G.sub.1 was heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the mixture liquid G.sub.1 for tuning it to be basic. The basic mixture liquid was stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 800 C., and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining a sample of Comparative Example 1. An appropriate amount of the sample in Comparative Example 1 was weighed to measure its saturation magnetization value by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). An appropriate amount of the sample in Comparative Example 1 was put into a mold, and then pressed to mold the sample with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. A resistivity value of the sample was measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). A dielectric loss value of the sample was measured by an LCR meter (E4291B 16453A test fixture). A ratio of a long axis length to a short axis length of the iron-containing oxide in the sample was measured by a scanning electron microscope (commercially available from Oxford Instruments). The measured values are listed in Table 3.
Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3
(21) The thermally conductive compound powder according to number 3 in Table 1 was weighed, and then added into deionized water to form solutions E.sub.2-1 to E.sub.2-3. Chemicals were weighed according to element molar ratios and coating ratios in Tables 2 and 4, and then added into deionized water to form solutions F.sub.2-1 to F.sub.2-3. The solutions E.sub.2-1 to E.sub.2-3 were added to the corresponding solutions F.sub.2-1 to F.sub.2-3 and mixed by a stirrer to form mixture liquids G.sub.2-1 to G.sub.2-3. The mixture liquids G.sub.2-1 to G.sub.2-3 were heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the mixture liquids G.sub.2-1 to G.sub.2-3 for tuning them to be basic. The basic mixture liquids were stirred for 30 minutes, and then baked in an oven to be dry, thereby obtaining samples of Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3. Appropriate amounts of the samples in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3 were weighed to measure their saturation magnetization values by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). Appropriate amounts of the samples in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3 were put into a mold, and then pressed to mold the sample with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Resistivity values of the samples were measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). Dielectric loss values of the samples were measured by an LCR meter (E4291B 16453A test fixture). Ratios of a long axis length to a short axis length of the iron oxide in the samples were measured by a scanning electron microscope (commercially available from Oxford Instruments). The measured values are listed in Table 4.
Comparative Example 3
(22) A thermally conductive compound powder according to number 5 in Table 1 was weighed, and then added into deionized water to form a solution E.sub.3. A chemical was weighed according to an element molar ratio and a coating ratio in Tables 2 and 5, and then added into deionized water to form a solution F.sub.3. The solution E.sub.3 was added to the solution F.sub.3 and mixed by a stirrer to form a mixture liquid G.sub.3. The mixture liquid G.sub.3 was heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the mixture liquid G.sub.3 for tuning it to be basic. The basic mixture liquid was stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 800 C., and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining a sample of Comparative Example 3. An appropriate amount of the sample in Comparative Example 3 was weighed to measure its saturation magnetization value by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). An appropriate amount of the sample in Comparative Example 3 was put into a mold, and then pressed to mold the sample with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. A resistivity value of the sample was measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). The measured values are listed in Table 5.
Comparative Example 4
(23) A thermally conductive compound powder according to number 10 in Table 1 was weighed, and then added into deionized water to form a solution E.sub.4. A Chemical was weighed according to an element molar ratio and a coating ratio in Tables 2 and 5, and then added into deionized water to form a solution F.sub.4. The solution F.sub.4 was heated to and stabilized at 80 C. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added into the solution F.sub.4 for tuning it to be basic. The basic solution was stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 800 C., and then cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining a magnetic powder G.sub.4. The magnetic powder G.sub.4 was added to the solution E.sub.4 and mixed by a stirrer. Nitric acid aqueous solution was added to the mixture for tuning it to be acidic. The acidified mixture was stirred by a stirrer for 30 minutes and then baked in an oven to be dry, thereby obtaining a sample of Comparative Example 4. An appropriate amount of the sample in Comparative Example 4 was weighed to measure its saturation magnetization value by a vibrating sample magnetometer (MODEL 7304, commercially available from Lake Shore). An appropriate amount of the sample in Comparative Example 4 was put into a mold, and then pressed to mold the sample with a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. A Resistivity value of the sample was measured by an ammeter (KEITHLEY 617 source meter). The measured values are listed in Table 5.
Comparative Example 5
(24) The magnetic and thermally conductive material in Comparative Example 3 and an acrylic resin in Table 6 were mixed according to the magnetic and thermally conductive material ratios (wt %) in Table 6. The mixture was coated to form a gel layer E.sub.5. The gel layer was put into an external magnetic field system 16 to magnetically align with a magnetic field of 1.25 Tesla for a period as shown in Table 6. The external magnetic field direction was parallel to the thickness direction of the gel layer, as shown in
(25) As proven in Comparative Example 1, if the other metal of the iron-containing oxide includes a similar coating ratio of undesired metal (e.g. barium, bismuth, or tin), the iron-containing oxide will have an overly low saturation magnetization. As such, it is difficult to control the alignment direction of the magnetic and thermally conductive material by the magnetic field. Moreover, the iron-containing oxide with the undesired metal had a small ratio of its long axis to short axis, such that the magnetic and thermally conductive material cannot efficiently transfer heat along a specific direction. In Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3, the iron oxide free of other metal had an overly high resistivity loss and dielectric loss, which resulted in an electrically conductive path and a signal loss. In Comparative Example 4, the thermally conductive filler was graphite with an overly high electrically conductivity, it resulted in an electrically conductive path that was unsuitable for a thermally conductive and dielectric layer. In comparative Example 5, the magnetic and thermally conductive compound powder (from Example 3) had a long axis length to short axis length ratio of 1, it could not efficiently transfer heat along a specific direction, such that the increase ratio of the thermal conductivity through the magnetic field alignment was almost zero. In Examples, the thermally conductive compounds of the thermally conductive and dielectric layers and the iron-containing oxide had a long axis length to short axis length ratio of greater than 1.1 and magnetic property, which can magnetically align with a magnetic field to control a component ratio of the long axis of the magnetic and thermally conductive material along the direction of the magnetic field, as shown in
(26) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Ratio of long axis length/ Thermally Thermally short axis conductive conductive length of Thermally compound compound thermally conductive powder powder conductive compound composi- particle compound powder No. tion size powder Supplier 1 Boron Average 15 Lowerfriction nitride particle size = 0.5 m 2 Boron Average 110 Lowerfriction nitride particle size = 1.5 m 3 Boron D50 = 7 m 68 Saint Gobain nitride 4 Boron Average 10 Saint Gobain nitride particle size = 12 m, Maximum particle size = 60 m 5 Boron Average 6 Saint Gobain nitride particle size = 30 m, Maximum particle size = 103 m 6 Aluminum D50 = 5 m 1.8 FirstCo Corp. nitride 7 Silicon 1200 Mesh 3.1 FirstCo Corp. carbide 8 Aluminum D50 = 3 m 1.2 Ceramet, Inc. oxide 9 Aluminum D50 = 3 m 1.0 Showa Denko oxide 10 Graphite D50 = 13 m 38 HOMYTECH Co. Ltd.
(27) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Names of Names of Chemicals Chemical formula Chemicals Chemical formula Iron Fe(NO.sub.3).sub.39H.sub.2O Tin SnCl.sub.22H.sub.2O nitrate chloride hydrate hydrate Nickel Ni(NO.sub.3).sub.26H.sub.2O Magnesium Mg(NO.sub.3).sub.26H.sub.2O nitrate nitrate hydrate hydrate Zinc Zn(NO.sub.3).sub.26H.sub.2O Manganese Mn(CH.sub.3COO).sub.24H.sub.2O nitrate acetate hydrate hydrate Lithium LiNO.sub.3 Iron FeCl.sub.36H.sub.2O nitrate chloride hydrate Copper CuCl.sub.2 Ferrous FeCl.sub.24H.sub.2O chloride chloride hydrate Cobalt CoCl.sub.2 chloride Yttrium Y(NO.sub.3).sub.36H.sub.2O nitrate hydrate Aluminum Al(NO.sub.3).sub.39H.sub.2O nitrate hydrate Barium BaCl.sub.22H.sub.2O chloride hydrate Bismuth Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.35H.sub.2O nitrate hydrate
(28) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ratio of Long axis length to short Thermally axis conductive Dielectric length of compound Element Coating Saturation loss iron- powder molar ratio magnetization Resistivity (@0.85 containing No. x/y ratio (wt %) (emu/g) ( .Math. cm) GHz) oxide Example 1-1 3 0.5 Ni:Fe = 12.5 3.02 2.92E+11 2.69E03 4.4 1:2 Example 1-2 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 4.61 8.66E+09 1.66E03 9 0.8:0.2:2 Example 1-3 3 0.5 Ni:Cu:Zn:Fe = 12.5 2.75 7.85E+11 2.50E03 11.7 0.4:0.2:0.4:2 Example 1-4 3 0.5 Ni:Co:Fe = 12.5 4.08 4.73E+11 3.04E03 11 0.5:0.5:2 Example 1-5 3 0.5 Mg:Mn:Fe = 25 4.48 1.08E+09 2.88E03 7.2 0.9:0.1:2 Example 1-6 3 0.5 Ni:Y:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.28 5.00E+11 2.82E03 10 0.6:0.2:0.2:2 Example 1-7 3 0.75 Ni:Li:Fe = 12.5 1.34 3.81E+11 3.05E03 1.7 0.5:1:2 Example 1-8 3 2 Ni:Al:Fe = 12.5 1.04 2.72E+11 3.98E03 21.8 1:1:1 Example 1-9 3 3 Ni:Al:Fe = 12.5 0.71 5.98E+10 4.52E03 12 1.2:1.2:0.8 Comparative 3 0.5 Ba:Bi:Sn:Fe = 12.5 0.03 4.06E+11 6.63E03 1 Example 1 0.2:0.4:0.4:2
(29) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Ratio of Long axis length to Thermally short axis conductive Dielectric length of compound Element Coating Saturation loss iron- powder molar ratio magnetization Resistivity (@0.85 containing No. x/y ratio (wt %) (emu/g) ( .Math. cm) GHz) oxide Comparative 3 0 Fe = 1 12.5 3.64 2.36E+08 3.91E02 1 Example 2-1 Comparative 3 0 Fe = 1 25 10.86 1.91E+06 9.05E02 Not measured Example 2-2 Comparative 3 0 Fe = 1 40 12.88 3.15E+05 2.85E01 Not measured Example 2-3 Example 3 0.01 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.32 6.02E+11 3.68E04 2.1 1-10 0.024:0.006:2.97 Example 3 0.02 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.37 8.30E+11 1.78E03 20 1-11 2.323:0.581:0.097 Example 3 0.1 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 2.50 1.09E+09 1.29E04 1.5 1-12 0.22:0.06:2.73 Example 3 0.2 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 3.74 3.25E+11 4.54E03 12.9 1-13 0.4:0.1:2.5 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 0.1 0.06 6.42E+11 2.45E04 6.7 1-14 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 0.2 0.07 7.48E+11 5.15E04 Not measured 1-15 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 0.5 0.22 4.10E+11 3.94E03 Not measured 1-16 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 2 1.05 8.20E+11 1.98E04 13 1-17 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 30 16.49 3.84E+11 4.29E03 Not measured 1-18 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 40 18.79 6.16E+08 5.19E03 12.9 1-19 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 50 26.63 2.39E+08 1.05E02 Not measured 1-20 0.8:0.2:2 Example 1 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 2 0.50 4.54E+11 5.23E03 Not measured 1-21 0.8:0.2:2 Example 1 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 25 4.18 3.86E+08 8.13E03 10.7 1-22 0.8:0.2:2 Example 2 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 2 0.11 6.92E+11 6.43E03 10.3 1-23 0.8:0.2:2 Example 2 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 5 0.36 9.77E+11 8.59E03 Not measured 1-24 0.8:0.2:2 Example 4 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 25 2.81 6.30E+08 6.90E05 10.5 1-25 0.8:0.2:2 Example 5 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 2 0.87 8.19E+11 2.52E03 6.1 1-26 0.8:0.2:2 Example 3 0.6 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 2.65 3.30E+11 3.24E03 Not measured 1-27 0.9:0.23:1.88 Example 3 5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.59 2.97E+09 2.21E03 4.4 1-28 2:0.5:0.5 Example 3 30 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.06 9.61E+11 2.41E03 13.1 1-29 2.323:0.581:0.097 Example 3 40 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.08 4.80E+11 3.27E03 33 1-30 2.342:0.585:0.073 Example 3 60 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.06 7.51E+11 2.62E03 16.3 1-31 0.8:0.2:2
(30) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Thermally conductive Saturation compound Element Coating magne- Resis- powder molar ratio tization tivity No. x/y ratio (wt %) (emu/g) ( .Math. cm) Example 7 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 8.86 4.27E+08 2-1 0.8:0.2:2 Example 8 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 25 8.80 8.86E+08 2-2 0.8:0.2:2 Example 8 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 2 0.25 7.64E+08 2-3 0.8:0.2:2 Example 6 0.6 Y:Fe = 12.5 3.84 2.22E+08 3-1 3:5 Example 6 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 0.31 7.59E+10 3-2 0.8:0.2:2 Comparative 9 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 2 0.66 3.65E+08 Example 3 0.8:0.2:2 Comparative 10 0.5 Ni:Zn:Fe = 12.5 7.92 9.96E01 Example 4 0.8:0.2:2
(31) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Increase ratio of the Magnetic Thermal Thermal thermal and conductivity conductivity conductivity Magnetic thermally Magnetic before the after the through the and conductive field magnetic magnetic magnetic thermally material alignment field field field conductive ratio period alignment alignment alignment Resin material (wt %) (min) (W/mK) (W/mK) (%) Example Acrylic Example 5 1 0.204 0.255 25.0 4-1 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 10 1 0.265 0.325 22.6 4-2 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 40 1 1.339 2.392 78.6 4-3 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 50 1 1.373 1.849 34.7 4-4 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 60 1 0.848 1.167 37.7 4-5 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 70 1 1.317 1.712 30.0 4-6 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 85 1 0.663 0.731 10.3 4-7 resin 1-17 Example Acrylic Example 40 2 0.806 1.326 64.5 4-8 resin 1-2 Example Acrylic Example 40 1 4.189 4.8 14.6 4-9 resin 1-26 Example Acrylic Example 40 1 0.535 0.685 28.0 4-10 resin 1-23 Example Acrylic Example 40 1 0.563 0.7325 30.1 4-11 resin 2-3 Example Epoxy Example 40 1 0.59 0.66 11.9 4-12 resin 1-17 Comparative Acrylic Comparative 40 1 0.643 0.642 0.2 Example 5 resin Example 3
(32) It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed methods and materials. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.