Method for hydrothermal synthesis of three dimensional Bi4MoO9/TiO2 nanostructure heterojunction

Abstract

A method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction includes the following step: adding Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O into distilled water to form a white turbid liquid, and adding an alkaline solution into the white turbid liquid until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid is between 3 and 7, thereby obtaining a suspension A; adding TiO.sub.2 nanospheres into the suspension A to form a mixed suspension C; adding Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O into distilled water to be dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution; adding the Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution into the mixed suspension C to form a mixture, and adding an alkaline solution into the mixture until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture is greater than 7, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D; transferring the mixed suspension D to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product; and washing and drying the hydrothermal synthesis product.

Claims

1. A method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction comprising: adding Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O into distilled water and stirring to form a white turbid liquid, and adding an alkaline solution into the white turbid liquid while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid is in a range of 3 to 7, thereby obtaining a suspension A; adding TiO.sub.2 nanospheres into the suspension A and stirring to form a mixed suspension C; adding Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O into distilled water and stirring until Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O is completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution; adding the Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution into the mixed suspension C and stirring to form a mixture, and adding an alkaline solution into the mixture while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture is greater than 7, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D; transferring the mixed suspension D to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product; and washing and drying the hydrothermal synthesis product to obtain the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction.

2. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of the Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O to the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres in the suspension A is in a range of 1:5 to 3:5.

3. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 2, wherein a molar ration of the Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O to the Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 added to form the mixed suspension D is in a range of 1:1 to 6:1.

4. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 3, wherein a temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is in a range of 120 degrees Celsius to 180 degrees Celsius, and a time period of the hydrothermal reaction is in a range of 1.5 hours to 8 hours.

5. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 4, wherein the alkaline solution added into the white turbid liquid is sodium hydroxide solution.

6. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 5, wherein the alkaline solution added into the mixture is sodium hydroxide solution.

7. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 6, wherein a productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction is more than 89.4%.

8. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 1, wherein the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction completely degrade 10 ppm of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation for 45 minutes.

9. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 1, wherein the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction consists of Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 and TiO.sub.2.

10. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 1, wherein surfaces of each of the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres in the mixed suspension C are coated with Bi-containing compounds.

11. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of claim 10, further comprising coating the surfaces of each of the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres with Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 after adding Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution into the mixed suspension C.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Implementations of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of embodiments, with reference to the attached figures.

(2) FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction.

(3) FIG. 2 is an X-Ray diffraction spectrum of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of Embodiment 1.

(4) FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of Embodiment 1.

(5) FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged TEM image of FIG. 3.

(6) FIG. 5 is a high resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of Embodiment 1.

(7) FIG. 6 is an energy disperse spectroscopy spectrum of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of Embodiment 1.

(8) FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a visible light catalytic activity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of Embodiment 1, TiO.sub.2, and Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 for Rhodamine B, respectively.

(9) FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating a visible light catalytic cycle stability of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction of Embodiment 1 for Rhodamine B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(10) It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. Also, the description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features of the present disclosure.

(11) The term comprising, when utilized, means including, but not necessarily limited to; it specifically indicates open-ended inclusion or membership in the so-described combination, group, series, and the like.

(12) FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a method for hydrothermal synthesis of 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction in accordance with an embodiment. The method for is provided by way of embodiments, as there are a variety of ways to carry out the method. Each block shown in FIG. 1 represents one or more processes, methods, or subroutines carried out in the method. Furthermore, the illustrated order of blocks is can be changed. Additional blocks may be added or fewer blocks may be utilized, without departing from this disclosure. The method for hydrothermal synthesis of three dimensional 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction can begin at block 101.

(13) At block 101, Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O is added into distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. An alkaline solution is added into the white turbid liquid while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid is in a range of 3 to 7, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(14) At block 102, TiO.sub.2 nanospheres are added into the suspension A and stirred to form an uniform mixed suspension C. Compounds containing Bi are attached on a surface of TiO.sub.2.

(15) In at least one embodiment, a molar ration of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O to the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres added into the suspension A may be in a range of 1:5 to 3:5.

(16) At block 103, Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O is added into distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(17) At block 104, the Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution is added into the mixed suspension C and stirred to form an uniform mixture. An alkaline solution is added into the mixture while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture is greater than 7, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(18) In at least one embodiment, a molar ration of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O to Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 added to form the mixed suspension D may be in a range of 1:1 to 6:1.

(19) At block 105, the mixed suspension D is transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product.

(20) In at least one embodiment, a temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 120 degrees Celsius to 180 degrees Celsius, and a time period of the hydrothermal reaction is 1.5 hours to 8 hours.

(21) At block 106, the synthesis product is washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction.

(22) In at least one embodiment, a productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction is more than 89.4%.

(23) In the above described method, Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O and Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O are synthetic raw materials for Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 crystal nanoribbons, and the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres are inducers, and synthetic raw materials and the inducers are mixed in liquid phase. The potential of hydrogen values at different stages of the above described method are controlled. Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 crystal nanoribbons are induced to grow in situ on the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres to form the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O is added to obtain the white turbid liquid, then the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres are added into the suspension A formed by the white turbid liquid, so that a surface of each of the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres is coated with Bi-containing compounds. After adding Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution into the mixed suspension C, Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 is generated on the surface of each of the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres, The 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction is obtained by a hydrothermal reaction of the generated Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 and TiO.sub.2, followed by washing and drying.

(24) The 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction manufactured by the above described method is analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS). No impurity phase is existed in the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction expect Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 and TiO.sub.2. The 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction has excellent photocatalytic performance, and can completely degrade 10 ppm of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation for 45 minutes.

(25) In the reaction process of the method, H.sub.2O is used as solvent, TiO.sub.2 nanospheres are used as inducers, and no other organic reagents are used, which reduces the cost of raw materials and the number of times of washing, and avoids discharging of organic pollutants and sewage treatment during the preparation process. The 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction manufactured by the above described method has uniform morphology and excellent photocatalytic performance.

Embodiment 1

(26) 0.25 mM of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O was added into 15 mL of distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the white turbid liquid while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid was constant at 5.5, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(27) 1.25 mM of TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were added into the suspension A and mixed by stirring or by ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an uniform mixed suspension C.

(28) 0.125 mM of Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O was added into 10 mL of distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(29) The Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixed suspension C and stirred uniformly to form a mixture. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixture while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture was constant at 9, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(30) The mixed suspension D was transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius for 5 hours to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product. The closed vessel was a reaction vessel.

(31) The hydrothermal synthesis product was washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. A productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction was 98.5%.

(32) FIG. 2 indicated that no impurity phase other than Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 and TiO.sub.2 in the final product of the method was observed from the diffraction peak of the XRD spectrum.

(33) FIGS. 3 and 4 showed that a large amount of the TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were attached to surfaces of Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 crystal nanoribbons.

(34) Referring to FIG. 5, an interplanar spacing of the Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 crystal nanoribbons d corresponding to the (111) crystal plane of Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 was 0.327 nm. Nano-particles attached to the surface of the nanoribbons were TiO.sub.2 nanospheres, and an interplanar spacing corresponding to the (101) crystal plane of TiO.sub.2 d was 0.350 nm.

(35) FIG. 6 indicated that an atomic ratio of Bi to Mo was about 4:1, and that the nanoribbons was Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9.

(36) Referring to FIG. 7, compared with single TiO.sub.2 and single Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9, a catalytic degradation rate of Rhodamine B was 100% by the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction under visible light irradiation for 45 minutes. A catalytic degradation rate of Rhodamine B was still very low by the single TiO.sub.2 nano-powders or single Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9 nano-powders under visible light irradiation for more than 1 hour.

(37) Referring to FIG. 8, the catalytic degradation rate of Rhodamine B was still 100% by the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction after 55 cycles, it indicated that the photocatalytic stability of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction is very good.

Embodiment 2

(38) 0.25 mM of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O was added into 15 mL of distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the white turbid liquid while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid was constant at 3, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(39) 1.25 mM of TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were added into the suspension A and mixed uniformly by stirring or by ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed suspension C.

(40) 0.25 mM of Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O was added into 10 mL of distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(41) The Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixed suspension C and stirred to form an uniform mixture. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixture while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture was constant at 8, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(42) The mixed suspension D was transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 180 degrees Celsius for 1.5 hours to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product. The closed vessel was a reaction vessel.

(43) The hydrothermal synthesis product was washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. A productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction was 90%.

Embodiment 3

(44) 0.25 mM of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O was added into 15 mL of distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the white turbid liquid while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid was constant at 7, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(45) 1.25 mM of TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were added into the suspension A and mixed by stirring or by ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an uniform mixed suspension C.

(46) 0.125 mM of Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O was added into 10 mL of distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(47) The Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixed suspension C and stirred to form an uniform mixture. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixture while continuously being stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture was constant at 10, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(48) The mixed suspension D was transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius for 5 hours to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product. The closed vessel was a reaction vessel.

(49) The hydrothermal synthesis product was washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. A productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction was 89.4%.

Embodiment 4

(50) 0.75 mM of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O was added into 15 mL of distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the white turbid liquid while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid was constant at 5.5, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(51) 1.25 mM of TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were added into the suspension A and mixed by stirring or by ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an uniform mixed suspension C.

(52) 0.125 mM of Na.sub.2moO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O was added into 10 mL of distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(53) The Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixed suspension C and stirred to form an uniform mixture. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixture while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture was constant at 9, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(54) The mixed suspension D was transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius for 5 hours to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product. The closed vessel was a reaction vessel.

(55) The hydrothermal synthesis product was washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. A productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction was 93.5%.

Embodiment 5

(56) 0.25 mM of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O was added into 15 mL of distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the white turbid liquid while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid was constant at 5.5, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(57) 1.25 mM of TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were added into the suspension A and mixed by stirring or by ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an uniform mixed suspension C.

(58) 0.125 mM of Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O was added into 10 mL of distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(59) The Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixed suspension C and stirred to form an uniform mixture. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixture while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture was constant at 9, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(60) The mixed suspension D was transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius for 8 hours to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product. The closed vessel was a reaction vessel.

(61) The hydrothermal synthesis product was washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. A productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction was 90%.

Embodiment 6

(62) 0.5 mM of Bi(NO.sub.3).sub.3.5H.sub.2O was added into 15 mL of distilled water and stirred to form an uniform white turbid liquid. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the white turbid liquid while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the white turbid liquid was constant at 5.5, thereby obtaining a suspension A.

(63) 1.5 mM of TiO.sub.2 nanospheres were added into the suspension A and mixed by stirring or by ultrasonic dispersion to obtain an uniform mixed suspension C.

(64) 0.125 mM of Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O was added into 10 mL of distilled water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtaining a Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution.

(65) The Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4 solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixed suspension C and stirred to form an uniform mixture. Sodium hydroxide solution was slowly dropwise added into the mixture while being continuously stirred until a potential of hydrogen value of the mixture was constant at 9, thereby obtaining a mixed suspension D.

(66) The mixed suspension D was transferred to a closed vessel for a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 170 degrees Celsius for 1.5 hours to obtain a hydrothermal synthesis product. The closed vessel was a reaction vessel.

(67) The hydrothermal synthesis product was washed and dried to obtain a 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction. A productivity of the 3D Bi.sub.4MoO.sub.9/TiO.sub.2 nanostructure heterojunction was 91.4%.

(68) It is to be understood, even though information and advantages of the present embodiments have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structures and functions of the present embodiments, the disclosure is illustrative only; changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present embodiments to the full extent indicated by the plain meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.