CONTAINER

Abstract

An apparatus for storing or transporting flowable materials or other materials, such as diesel fuel, includes a container and a support. The container is supported by the support. The support sits on or is mounted across an upper part of an open top wagon or vehicle, such as a railway wagon or truck or trailer used for transporting bulk commodities. The apparatus is movable between an expanded configuration in which the container is expandable into a lower part of the wagon or vehicle and a collapsed configuration in which the container is collapsible to the support. The weight of the support and the container is borne by the upper part of the wagon or vehicle when the container is in its collapsed configuration and the apparatus is positioned on the wagon or vehicle.

Claims

1. An apparatus for storing or transporting flowable materials or other materials, the apparatus comprising a container and a support, the container being supported by the support, the support adapted to sit on or be mounted across an upper part of an open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer used for transporting bulk commodities, wherein the apparatus is movable between an expanded configuration in which the container is expandable into a lower part of the open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer used for transporting bulk commodities, and a collapsed configuration in which the container is collapsible to the support.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weight of the support and container is borne by the upper part of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer when the container is in the collapsed configuration and the apparatus is positioned on a railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the weight of the support and container is borne by upper edges of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer when the container is in the collapsed configuration and the apparatus is positioned on a railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

4. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the apparatus is removably positioned on the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

5. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the container comprises a bladder type container that expands when filled and can be collapsed when being emptied or is empty.

6. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the container comprises a self-bunded or double skinned container.

7. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the container has one or more openings to allow the container to be filled with flowable material, such as a liquid, and emptied.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the one or more openings are provided with closures or with sealing means and/or the one or more openings are provided with a valve to enable the openings to be opened and closed.

9. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the container is connected to the support or the container is removably connected to the support.

10. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the container is connected to the support by one or more slings, or the container is bonded to the support, or the container is bonded to the support by use of an adhesive, or the container has one or more sleeves that extend over one or more frame members to thereby connect the container to a frame of the support.

11. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the apparatus comprises one or more containers.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein the apparatus comprises a plurality of containers being associated with each support.

13. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the support comprises a frame.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein the frame is adapted to rest on or sit on an upper part of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer, or the frame is adapted to rest on upper edges of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14 wherein the frame has one or more cross members that extend across the top of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer and some or all of the cross members rest on the top of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer or some or all of the cross members rest on the upper edges of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

16. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the support is provided with one or more downwardly extending projections or members.

17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, when appended to claim 15, wherein the one or more downwardly extending projections or members extend downwardly from the one or more cross members.

18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17 wherein the one or more downwardly extending projections or members extend downwardly from ends of the one or more cross members.

19. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claim 13 to 15, 17 or 18 wherein the frame has one or more longitudinally extending members.

20. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 or claim 16 when appended to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the support comprises a support member or a support plate.

21. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the apparatus comprises an upper support and a lower support, the upper support comprising an upper support member or an upper support plate or an upper support frame, the upper support being adapted to sit on or be mounted across an upper part of an open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer and the lower support comprise a lower support member or a lower support plate or a lower support frame.

22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21 wherein the lower support is located beneath the container.

23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22 wherein the upper support is connected to the lower support.

24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23 wherein the upper support is connected to the lower support by one or more movable members or the upper support is connected to the lower support by one or more cables, ropes, wires, bands, straps, elastomeric bands, springs, or chains.

25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24 wherein the movable members comprise one or more scissor linkages, one or more telescoping members, one or more hydraulic cylinders, or one or more pneumatic cylinders.

26. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 25 wherein a biasing means or a driving means assists in driving the lower support towards the upper support or vice versa.

27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 26 wherein the biasing means comprise springs or the driving means comprises hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, or pulleys that can be rotated to cause chains, cables or the like to be wound up to bring the lower support towards the upper support or vice versa.

28. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 27 further comprising holding means to hold the lower support in position relative to the upper support, when the apparatus is in the collapsed configuration.

29. An apparatus as claimed in claim 28 wherein the holding means comprises catches, clips, clasps, or cables and wires that are to be wound up onto pulleys.

30. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the support comprises one or more lifting points to enable the support to be lifted off the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer and lifted onto or into the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

31. An apparatus as claimed in claim 30 wherein the one or more lifting points comprise one or more crane eyes for receiving crane hooks or one or more openings or regions for receiving tines of a forklift.

32. An apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the container has a depth that is similar to a depth of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer when the container is in the expanded configuration.

33. A method for transporting flowable material, such as liquids, from one location to another location comprising the steps of providing an apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, placing the apparatus in or on an open top railway wagon or an open top truck or truck trailer, filling the container with liquid, transporting the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer to the other location, removing the apparatus from the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer and emptying the liquid from the container or using the apparatus as a mobile storage container.

34. A method as claimed in claim 33 wherein the steps of filling the container and emptying the container take place with the apparatus either in or on the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer or off the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

35. A method as claimed in claim 34 wherein the method further comprises filling the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer with bulk commodities and placing the apparatus in or on the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer such that the container is in the collapsed configuration and the container sits on or above the bulk commodities, and transporting the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer to the one location.

36. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 35 wherein the support is positioned such that the support rests on the upper part of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

37. A method as claimed in any one of claims 33 to 36 wherein once the container has been emptied, a plurality of the apparatus are placed on a truck or truck trailer or on a train such that the plurality of apparatus forms a stack and the stack is transported to another location.

38. In combination, an open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer and an apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 32, the apparatus being positioned on the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer such that the support sits on or is mounted across an upper part of an open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer.

39. The combination as claimed in claim 38 wherein the upper part of the open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer bears the weight of the apparatus when the container is in the collapsed configuration.

40. The combination as claimed in claim 38 or claim 39 wherein at least some upper edges of the open top railway wagon or open top truck or truck trailer bear the weight of the apparatus when the container is in the collapsed configuration.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Various embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0049] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the containers are in an expanded configuration;

[0050] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention located in a railway wagon;

[0051] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention being located in railway wagons, with one railway wagon having the apparatus shown in an expanded configuration and another railway wagon shown the apparatus in the collapsed configuration;

[0052] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention in the collapsed configuration. In FIG. 4, the container has been omitted for clarity;

[0053] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 in the expanded configuration. Again, the container has been omitted for clarity;

[0054] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of another apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in an expanded configuration. In FIG. 6, the container has been omitted for clarity;

[0055] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention in an expanded configuration;

[0056] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the apparatus in FIG. 7 in the collapsed configuration. Again, the container has been omitted for clarity;

[0057] FIG. 9 shows a plurality of apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in the collapsed configuration, with the plurality of apparatus being formed into a stack; and

[0058] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of an apparatus that is similar to that shown in FIG. 1, but with slings being used to connect the container to the support.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0059] It will be appreciated that the drawings have been provided for the purposes of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, it will be understood that the present invention should not be considered to be limited solely to the features as shown in the attached drawings.

[0060] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 1, the apparatus is shown in the expanded configuration with the containers being filled with fuel. The apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes an upper support 12 and a lower support 14. Two fuel containers 16, 18 are included. The fuel containers 16, 18 may be provided with standard fitments for filling and emptying with fuel. These are conventional in design and are not shown in the drawings. The fuel containers 16, 18 are of a bladder-like construction.

[0061] The upper support 12 comprises a frame having cross members 20, 22, 24 that are joined to longitudinal members 26, 28. The upper frame is in the form of rectangular frame. The cross members may be joined to the longitudinal members by welding. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the cross members 20, 22, 24 extend laterally beyond the longitudinal members 26, 28. Each cross member includes a downwardly extending projection or member at its respective ends. For example, cross member 22 has downwardly extending members 30, 32 located at its respective ends. Cross members 20 and 24 have similar downwardly extending members.

[0062] The lower support 14 may be in the form of a base plate 34. The base plate 34 may have a reinforcing frame (not shown) located underneath it. The lower frame 14 is connected to the upper frame 12 by a plurality of cables or chains, some of which are numbered at 36 and 38. The cables or chains 36, 38 are suitably of essentially identical length. The length of the cables or chains 36, 38 sets the maximum distance at which the lower support 14 can be spaced from the upper support 12 when the apparatus 10 is in the expanded configuration.

[0063] FIG. 2 shows the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 located in a railway wagon 40. Railway wagon 40 is an open top railway wagon that is used for transporting bulk commodities, such as iron ore or coal from a mine to a port or other location. The railway wagon 40 has opposed sides 42, 44. The railway wagon 40 is of conventional construction and need not be described further.

[0064] In use of the apparatus 10, the apparatus is lifted by a lifting gantry, a crane or a forklift and lowered onto the top of the sides 42, 44 of the railway wagon 40. The cross members 20, 22, 24 rest on the top of the sides 42, 44. The downwardly extending members 30, 32 extend over and along the respective sides 42, 44 of the railway wagon 40. This assists in positioning the apparatus 10 in the correct location. The downwardly extending members 30, 32 also assist in minimising lateral movement of the apparatus 10. It will be understood that if the apparatus 10 moves laterally relative to the railway wagon 40, the downwardly extending projections 30 or 32 will come into contact with the respective side of the railway wagon, thereby preventing further lateral movement of the apparatus 10.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel containers 16, 18 are filled with fuel and are therefore in the expanded configuration. As can be seen, the containers 16, 18 extend into the volume defined by the open topped railway wagon 40. Desirably, the lower support 14 of apparatus 10 rests on the floor of the railway wagon 40. However, it will be understood that the lower support 14 may be located a distance above the floor of the railway wagon 40 and may rest on the rounded sides of the railway wagon 40.

[0066] Although the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 utilise a construction that includes two separate containers, it will be appreciated that a single container may be used. The use of smaller containers that is necessarily involved in having more than one container associated with each support may be beneficial in that surging of the liquid within the container will be lessened if smaller containers are used. The containers may also be provided with internal baffles (not shown) to minimise movement of liquid within the filled containers.

[0067] FIG. 3 shows a railway wagon 46 that has an apparatus 10A that is in the expanded condition with the containers being filled with fuel. FIG. 3 also shows a second railway wagon 48 that has an apparatus 10B which has containers that are empty and the apparatus is in the collapse configuration. Railway wagon 48 shows a view of the apparatus being used in its collapse configuration when the railway wagon 48 may be filled with bulk commodities, such as iron ore or coal and the empty containers of apparatus 10B are collapsed and the apparatus 10B is being transported from the mine to a port or other location where the containers may be subsequently filled with fuel.

[0068] Returning now to FIG. 1, the upper support 12 further includes raised longitudinal members 50, 52 that are connected to the cross members 20, 22, 24 by downwardly extending members 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64. The raised longitudinal members 50, 52 are spaced above the respective cross members 20, 22, 24 by a distance that is at least sufficient to enable the tines of a forklift to be placed underneath the raised longitudinal members 50, 52. This enables the forklift to raise and lower the apparatus 10. In this manner, a forklift may be used to lift the apparatus 10 off the railway wagon and to place the apparatus 10 back in or on the railway wagon. Alternatively, lifting gantries or lifting cranes may be used to raise and lower the apparatus 10.

[0069] FIGS. 4 and 5 show another embodiment of the present invention. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the containers have been omitted for clarity. FIG. 4 shows the apparatus 70 in the collapsed configuration and FIG. 5 shows the apparatus 70 in the expanded configuration. Apparatus 70 includes an upper support 72 and a lower support 74. Upper support 72 is identical to the upper support 12 shown in FIG. 1 and need not be described further. Lower support 74 comprises a lower support frame that has longitudinal members 76, 78 and a plurality of cross members, some of which are numbered at 80, 82, 84, that are joined to the longitudinal members, such as by welding. Cables or chains, some of which are numbered at 86, 88, 90, connect the upper support 72 to the lower support 74. As can be best seen in FIG. 4, the frame of the lower support 74 is of generally similar size to the frame of the upper support 72, except that the frame of the lower support 74 does not have cross members that project laterally past the longitudinal members 76, 78. The frame of the lower support 74 is suitably sized such that it has a similar or slightly smaller width dimension than the width of the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer into which it moves when in the expanded configuration.

[0070] Although not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the upper support and/or the lower support may also be provided with holding means to hold the lower support in position relative to the upper support when the apparatus 70 is in the collapsed configuration. For example, the upper support and/or the lower support may be provided with one or more clasps, clips or catches that engage when the upper support and lower support are brought together in the collapsed configuration to thereby hold the upper support relative to the lower support. Alternatively, the cables or chains 86, 88, 90 may be wound up on pulleys (not shown) and the pulleys may be locked when the cables or chains are fully wound up on the pulleys.

[0071] FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus 92 in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus 92 includes an upper support 94 that is identical to the upper support 12 shown in FIG. 1 and the upper support 72 shown in FIG. 5. The apparatus also includes a lower support 96 that is identical to the lower support 74 shown in FIG. 5. The lower support 96 is connected to the upper support 94 by vertically extending cables or chains, some of which are numbered at 97, 98, 99. These chains or cables are equivalent to the chains or cables 86, 88, 90 shown in FIG. 5. The apparatus 92 also includes diagonally extending chains or cables 100, 102.

[0072] FIGS. 7 and 8 show views of another embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus 110 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 comprises an upper support 112 and a lower support 114. The upper support 112 includes cross members, 118, 120. Longitudinal side members 122, 124 are connected to the cross members 116, 118, 120 to form a strong rectangular frame. A platform 126, which may be in the form of one or more boards or one or more plates, is mounted to the upper frame. Platform 126 allows an operator to walk along the upper support 112. The upper support 112 also includes the raised longitudinal members that are connected to the cross members and the downwardly extending projections from the ends of each cross member, as described with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

[0073] The lower support 114 may include a frame as described with reference to the lower support 74 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. A platform 128, which may be in the form of one or more boards or one or more plates, is positioned on the lower frame. The platform 128 provides an even support surface for the containers. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the containers have been removed for clarity. However, the containers of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 may be similar to the containers as shown with reference to FIG. 1.

[0074] As best shown in FIG. 7, the upper support 112 is connected to the lower support 114 by scissor linkages 130, 132. Scissor linkage 130 comprises beam 134 that is pivotally connected at its lower end to the lower support 114 and pivotally and slidably connected at its upper end to the upper support 112. Scissor linkage 130 also comprises beam 136 that is pivotally connected at its lower end to lower support 114 and pivotally and slidably connected at its upper end to the upper support 112. Beams 134, 136 may be pivotally connected to each other at a pivot point where they cross each other. Scissor linkage 132 is similarly configured.

[0075] The use of rigid beams, which are typically made from steel or other metal alloy, in the scissor linkages 130, 132 provides greater stability against lateral movement of the lower support 114 relative to the upper support 112 (when compared to use of cables or chains).

[0076] FIG. 8 shows the apparatus 110 in the collapsed configuration. As can be seen, brackets or ears 138, 140 that allow the lower ends of beam 136 to be pivotally connected to the lower support acts to space the upper support from the lower support when the apparatus 110 is in the collapsed configuration. The empty containers may neatly fit into that space when the apparatus is in the collapsed configuration.

[0077] FIG. 9 shows three separate pieces of apparatus 70C, 70D and 70E that are essentially identical to the apparatus shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Each of the apparatus 70C, 70D, 70E are in the collapsed configuration. The apparatus 70C, 70D, 70E are stacked one on top of each other for storage and transport purposes. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the stacked apparatus may be placed on the back of a flatbed tray of a railway wagon or truck or truck trailer for transport. In this manner, the empty and collapsed apparatus can be transported from a mine to another location as part of a stack of collapsed apparatus loaded onto a railway wagon or truck or truck trailer. As the apparatus adopts a low profile when in the collapsed configuration, the stack of apparatus can fit onto the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer.

[0078] FIG. 10 shows an apparatus 10D that is generally identical to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. For brevity of description, features of the apparatus 10D will not be described in further detail. The apparatus 10D shown in FIG. 1 includes slings 142, 144 that are used to mount, connect or tether the containers to the upper support. The sling 142 extends around cross member 20, down along the side of container 18, under the container 18, up along the other side of the container 18 and around the other end of cross member 20. The sling 144 extends around longitudinal member 28, down along the side of container 16, under the container 16, up along the other side of container 16 and around the longitudinal member 26. Although only two slings are shown in FIG. 10, it will be appreciated that a greater number of slings may be used.

[0079] The embodiments shown in the attached drawings all include a lower support. In some embodiments, it may be possible to attach or mount the container or containers to the upper support and not require the lower support.

[0080] In one embodiment of use of the apparatus of the present invention, a railway wagon is filled with bulk commodity, such as iron ore or coal, at a mine. An apparatus in its collapsed configuration is then lifted and placed on top of the railway wagon. The bulk commodity sits below the apparatus. As the apparatus has a low profile or a low height in its collapsed configuration, it projects only a small distance above the top of the railway wagon. When the train pulling the railway wagon nears a port or other location where the bulk commodity is to be discharged from the railway wagon, the apparatus may be lifted off the railway wagon and the railway wagon emptied of bulk commodities. Alternatively, if the discharge arrangements for bulk commodities from the railway wagon allow the apparatus to remain on top of the railway wagon, it may not be necessary to remove the apparatus from the railway wagon.

[0081] Once the bulk commodities have been emptied from the railway wagon, if the apparatus has been removed, it is returned to the top of the railway wagon. In one embodiment, the containers are filled with liquid prior to returning the apparatus to the railway wagon. In other embodiments, the containers are filled with liquid whilst the apparatus is in position on the railway wagon. Of course, the apparatus moves to its expanded configuration when the containers are filled with liquid and the lower support and/or the containers are contained within the volume defined by the railway wagon.

[0082] The train, which is now carrying a load of liquid (e.g. fuel) rather than being an empty train, is then returned to the mine site. At the mine site, the containers are emptied. This may entail removing the apparatus from the railway wagons and subsequently emptying the fuel in the containers into fuel tanks at the mine site. Alternatively, the containers may be emptied whilst still in the railway wagon and the emptied containers and apparatus then removed from the railway wagons. Once the apparatus have been removed from the railway wagons, the railway wagons may be filled with bulk commodity and the empty apparatus in the collapsed configuration may subsequently be placed on top of the railway wagons to repeat the cycle.

[0083] In other embodiments, rather than taking the empty apparatus and containers back on top of the bulk commodity-carrying railway wagons, trucks or truck trailers, the apparatus may be transported by other trucks or truck trailers or trains that are leaving the mine site for other locations. In this embodiment, the trucks or truck trailers or trains leaving the mine site that would otherwise be empty have a back load in the form of apparatus in accordance with the present invention in their collapsed configuration.

[0084] Although specific embodiment of the present invention has been described with reference to transporting fuel, it will be appreciated that other liquids and other flowable materials may be transported in the containers. For example, water that may be required for the mine site or mining operations may be transported.

[0085] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the containers are ideally self bunded or double skinned and meet all required standards, such as Australian standards for use in Australia. The overall weight of the full containers should not exceed the weight of the incoming mined product or exceed the load limits of the rail line or roads concerned. The weight of the empty containers is desirably minimised so as to reduce the potential for such empty containers being carried back to the filling location to impact on the quantity of mined product being transported to the port or other location.

[0086] The apparatus will need to be lifted onto or off the railway wagon or truck or truck trailer by a lifting apparatus, such as a gantry, forklift or a crane. A movable gantry, crane or forklift that moves along at the same speed as the train may be used to lift the apparatus off or onto the train at the mine site, port or other location.

[0087] In preferred embodiments, the apparatus is desirably stable whilst being transported on or in the railway wagon to prevent or reduce potential for rollover of the railway wagon. The full container desirably sits wholly or partly within the empty railway wagon when returning to the mine site whereas the empty container should preferably sit on top of the full railway wagon when returning empty to the port for filling. This minimises the impact on the amount of mined product that can be carried by the railway wagon to port. The same would apply to a truck or truck trailer situation.

[0088] In preferred embodiments, the height of the overall railway wagon and apparatus combined is limited to the lowest overhead clearance on the railway line or by rail operator requirements, whichever is lower. The same considerations apply to the width of the apparatus. The containers could be designed so that they could feed into existing mine sites static or mobile fuel storage depots. In one example, the apparatus of the present invention can be placed on top of existing fuel storage containers located permanently at the mine site and be gravity or pump fed to transfer the fuel to the existing fuel storage containers.

[0089] The apparatus of the present invention, in preferred embodiments could also be designed so that the container can be lowered and raised to vary its carrying capacity. The full container preferably sits inside an empty railway wagon so that the railway wagon provides greater protection to the full container in the event of a rail accident. This also lowers the centre of gravity of the combination of the apparatus and railway wagon, which is likely to reduce the sway of the railway wagon and make the railway wagon more stable when moving or being shunted. The containers are desirably able to be filled from existing fuel loading depots at ports so that they can use existing fuel terminal storage and loading infrastructure at ports.

[0090] The present invention provides the opportunity to lower fuel transport costs by transporting fuel on what would otherwise be empty trains or empty trucks or truck trailers returning to the mine site to be filled with mined product. In other embodiments, the empty apparatus may be returned to filling locations as a back load on what would otherwise be empty trains or trucks or truck trailers. In either case, transport costs are reduced as the requirement to send separate trains or trucks or truck trailers with specific fuel carrying capabilities to the mines is reduced or removed.

[0091] In the present specification and claims (if any), the word comprising and its derivatives including comprises and comprise include each of the stated integers but does not exclude the inclusion of one or more further integers.

[0092] Reference throughout this specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases in one embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more combinations.

[0093] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims (if any) appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.