Electric machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the category of electric motors and power generators, and may expand the area of application, reduce costs, and increase the specific power and efficiency of electric machines. These electric machine comprise a rotor and a stator with winding coils and a control device. Stator winding coils are made as a system of radial and/or tangential coils connected in series and/or back-to-back; each coil has its own electric terminals. The control device connects its electric contacts with terminals of corresponding stator winding coils in order to provide a chain control of electric current supply to the corresponding stator coils and to create, at each point in time, a pre-determined stator magnetic field including a rotating or a reciprocating stator magnetic field, depending on the spatial position and the magnetic condition of the rotor. The invention can be applied to various fields of technology.

Claims

1. An electric machine comprising: a rotor configured to perform rotating or reciprocating motions; a stator comprising stator winding coils; and a control device comprising electrical contacts, wherein: the stator winding coils are made as a system of radial and/or, tangential coils connected in series and/or back-to-back, each of the stator winding coils comprises terminals, and the control device is configured to connect the electrical contacts to the terminals of corresponding ones of the stator winding coils in order to provide a chain control of electric current supply to the corresponding stator winding coils and to create, at each of a plurality of points in time, a pre-determined stator magnetic field in the electric machine, depending on a spatial position and a magnetic condition of the rotor that performs the rotating or reciprocating motions.

2. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the electric machine is configured to function either as a direct current (DC) electric motor or a DC power generator, wherein the rotor comprises a two-magnetic-pole core, a short-circuited (squirrel-cage) core, or a magnetically soft core with two segments cut in parallel, wherein the stator comprises a magnetically soft core, wherein the stator winding coils are tangential and/or radial stator winding coils connected in series at their terminals, and wherein the control device is configured to connect the electrical contacts to the terminals of the stator winding coils in order to create, at each of the plurality of points in time, a rotating stator magnetic field in the electric machine depending on the rotor's position.

3. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the electric machine is configured to function as a direct current (DC) power generator, wherein the rotor comprises two magnetic beveled poles, wherein the stator winding coils comprise tangential and/or radial stator winding coils connected in series at their terminals, and wherein the control device is configured to connect the electrical contacts to the terminals of the stator winding coils in order to create, at each of the plurality of points in time, a rotating stator magnetic field in the electric machine depending on the rotor's position.

4. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the electric machine is configured to function as an alternating current (AC) power generator, wherein the rotor comprises two magnetic poles, wherein the stator comprises a magnetically soft core and two equal-sized tangential stator coils, and wherein the terminals of the two equal-sized tangential stator coils are configured to connect to an external two-wire electric grid using the control device.

5. The electric machine of claim 4, wherein the two equal-sized tangential stator coils are connected in series, and wherein the two terminals of the two equal-sized tangential stator coils are located at opposite portions of one of the stator.

6. The electric machine of claim 4, wherein the two equal-sized tangential stator coils are connected back-to-back, and wherein the two terminals of the two equal-sized tangential stator coils are located next to each other.

7. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the electric machine is a single-phase electric machine and the terminals are configured to connect to an external two-wire electric grid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Examples of magnetic systems of the electric machines described in Points 2-4 of the Claims section are shown, in static mode, in FIGS. 1-4, respectively.

IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLES

Example 1

(2) FIG. 1 depicts an end view of the magnetic system of a DC electric motor, or DC power generator which consists of the magnetically soft core of the stator (1) with tangential, connected in series stator winding coils (2), their electrical terminals (3), and a control device (47) with terminals/wires (45), which, at each point in time connects an external two-wire grid (46), via electric contacts (4) and (5), with the specified, connected in series, tangential coils (2) of the stator winding. At subsequent times, the control device selects new terminal/wires that connect the external two-wire grid with new contacts of the stator coil. In this case, force lines (6) and (7) of the magnetic field of the stator (1) and the rotor (8) penetrate the core of a two-pole rotor (8) and have an almost stable relative orientation during the rotation of the rotor (8) (approximately mutually perpendicular), which ensures a torque stability of the rotor (8) under a steady load.

(3) In this electric machine, the rotor core may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet; it may be a multi-pole (in particular, it may have two magnetic beveled poles) or may be designed with several squirrel-cage turns (a squirrel-cage rotor), or made of magnetically soft steel with two cut-off segments, or made of magnetically soft steel with permanent magnets inserted in bores thus making the core of the rotor (8) a whole a permanent magnet, etc. In this example, the rotor (8) is positioned relative to the stator (1) in such a manner as to enable a maximum momentum of the rotor (8) in the nominal state. Since the tangential coils (2) of the stator (1), located next to electric contacts (4) and (5), do not contribute significantly to the magnetic field of the stator (1) (which interacts with the rotor (8)), the control device may disable them when generating the magnetic field. However, if these coils are dimensionally insignificant, this complication is not required.

(4) Definition 3. Any coil (2) coiled around the core of the stator (1) with tangential arrangement of its axis shall hereinafter be referred to as tangential coil, or tangential stator winding coil.

Example 2

(5) FIG. 2 shows an end view of the magnetic system of a DC electric motor, or DC electric generator, which consists of the magnetically soft core of the stator (9) with radial, connected in series stator winding coils (10), their electrical terminalscontacts (11), and a control device (44) with terminals/wires (42), which at any point in time connects an external two-wire grid (46) via electric contacts (12) and (13), with the specified, radial stator coils (10) connected in series. At subsequent times, the control device selects new terminal/wires that connect the external two-wire grid with new contacts of the stator coil. In this case, power lines (14) and (15) of the magnetic field of the stator (9) and the rotor (16) penetrate the core of a double-pole rotor (16) and have an almost stable relative orientation during the rotation of the rotor (16) (approximately mutually perpendicular), which ensures a torque stability of the rotor (16) under a steady load.

(6) In this electric machine, the rotor core may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet; it may be a multi-pole (in particular, it may have two magnetic beveled poles) or may be designed with several squirrel-cage turns (a squirrel-cage rotor) or made of magnetically soft steel with two cut-off segments, or made of magnetically soft steel with permanent magnets inserted in bores, thus making the core of the rotor (16) a whole a permanent magnet, etc. In this example, the rotor (16) is positioned relative to the stator (9) so that the rotor (16) has a maximum torque.

(7) Definition 4. Any stator winding coil (10) coiled around the core of the stator (9) with radial arrangement of its axis shall hereinafter be referred to as a radial coil or a radial stator winding coil.

Example 3

(8) FIG. 3 shows an end view of the magnetic system of a DC power generator which consists of a rotor (17) with two beveled poles and a magnetically soft core of the stator (18) with tangential, connected in series to stator winding coils (19) and their electric terminals (contacts) (20) connected with the corresponding electric contacts (21) and (22) with terminals/wires (39) of a control device (41), which, in turn, at any point in time directs the induction electric current produced in the stator coils to the terminals of an external two-wire grid (40). At subsequent times, the control device selects new terminal/wires that connect the external two-wire grid with new contacts of the stator coil. The internal part of the rotor (23) is made of a nonmagnetic material. Lines (24) and (25) are magnetic lines of the stator (18) and the rotor (17), respectively.

(9) Definition 5. The two-pole rotor shown in FIG. 3, which consists of a hollow cylinder with two equal-sized magnets located in it and which has an oblique (beveled), for example, radial, magnetic field direction, shall hereinafter be referred to as a rotor with two beveled poles. Thus, the rotor (17) with nonmagnetic material in the cylinder cavity that contains the previously mentioned oblique (beveled) magnets shall be referred to as a rotor with two beveled poles.

Example 4

(10) FIG. 4 shows an end view of the magnetic system of an AC power generator which consists of a two-pole rotor (26) and magnetically soft core of the stator (27) that has two equal-sized tangential stator coils (28) and (29) connected in series or back-to-back, whose two stationary electric terminals (contacts) (30) and (31) (or (32) and (33)) are connected to the external two-wire grid (37) and are located, correspondingly, either on the opposite parts of the winding of the stator 27 (if the two stator winding coils (28) and (29) are connected in series), or next to each other (if the two stator winding coils (28) and (29) are connected back-to-back, in which case the dotted link between these two coils is absent). In this example, lines (34) of the magnetic field of the stator (27) do not rotate; lines (35) of the rotor rotate together with the rotor (26) and inductively generate alternating current in the coils (28) and (29) of the stator (27); the current is supplied to the external two-wire grid (37) via a control device (38) with terminals (36).

(11) Moreover, the electric machine may have a reciprocating motion of the rotor and, accordingly, the stator magnetic field (not shown in figures). As we know, a two-pole magnet (of the rotor) can be retracted (or pushed) into the stator winding coil or a system of coils that has an electric current. If a rotor with two magnetic poles moves in a reciprocating mode, chain control may arrange a corresponding motion of the stator magnetic field by controlling the electric current feed into the corresponding stator coils. Obviously, there may be more than one such magnet with two poles located along the stator at a certain distance from one another and forming to the rotor magnetic system.

(12) Specific examples 1-4 (see FIGS. 1-4) of various electric machines operating as follows.

(13) In Example 1, the DC electric machine shown in FIG. 1 can function as an electric motor and as a power generator (if rotor (8) is magnetized). If it is used as an electric motor, it needs to receive DC current from an external two-wire grid (through a control device). If the electric machine is used as a power generator, it will feed DC current to an external two-wire grid. In the device as shown in the figure, electric contacts of coils (2) of the stator (1) are connected with the corresponding electric contacts (45) of the control device in order to generate a rotating magnetic field of the stator (1) depending on the position of the rotor (8).

(14) Of course, the rotation speed of the stator magnetic field may be maintained and changed arbitrarily, as required. In such cases, the rotation of the rotor (8), if not overloaded, will follow the rotation of the magnetic field of the stator (1). If the device is used as an electric motor, the coils of the stator (1) and rotor 8 may be powered simultaneously, either with a direct current or an alternating one.

(15) In Example 2, the DC electric machine shown in FIG. 2 can function either as an electric motor, or as a power generator. If it is used as an electric motor, it needs to receive DC current from an external two-wire grid (through a control device). If the electric machine is used as a power generator, it will feed DC current to an external two-wire grid. In the device as shown in the figure, electric contacts (11) of the stator coils (10) are connected to the corresponding electric contacts (42) of the control device in order to generate a rotating magnetic field of the stator (9) depending on the position of the rotor (16).

(16) In Example 3 (see FIG. 3), the electric machine is a DC power generator. As soon as the rotor with two beveled poles (17) is rotated by an external force, a voltage appears at the electric contacts on the external two-wire grid (40); this voltage may be used to obtain direct current in this grid. It should be emphasized that a rotor with two beveled poles is used to reduce the energy consumption required for the rotor rotation, and therefore, to achieve a significant increase in efficiency of the DC power generator described herein.

(17) In Example 4 (see FIG. 4), the electric machine is an AC power generator. As soon as the rotor (26) is rotated by an external force, an alternating voltage appears at the two stationary electric terminals (30) and (31) (or (32) and (33)) of the winding of the stator (27) connected to an external two-wire grid; this voltage may be used to obtain alternating current in this grid. This current arises as a result of electric current induced with a given direction in the two coils of the stator winding; the resulting utility is electric current in the external two-wire grid (37).

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(18) At present, an experimental model of this electric machine has been made; it can be used as an electric motor or a DC power generator. Modern technology allows setting up mass production of such innovative electric machines, whether low-capacity, average-capacity, or high-capacity.