METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING AN ELEVATOR, AND ELEVATOR

Abstract

With a view to a quick and safe construction of an elevator using structurally simple and cost-effective means, a method for constructing an elevator in particular, a freight elevator—on a construction site, and preferably in a factory hall. The elevator is built from several components arranged one atop the other. The method includes providing a base for the elevator; positioning a lifting device on the base; raising an upper component of the elevator by way of the lifting device; positioning a lower component, which is to be arranged underneath the upper component, under the raised upper component; lowering the upper component onto the lower component by way of the lifting device; and removing the lifting device from the base. Further specified is an elevator constructed according to said method.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an elevator, comprising: providing a base for the elevator; positioning a lifting device on the base; raising an upper component of the elevator by way of the lifting device; positioning a lower component, which is to be arranged underneath the upper component, under the raised upper component; lowering the upper component onto the lower component by way of the lifting device; and removing the lifting device from the base.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, after lowering the upper component onto the lower component by way of the lifting device, the lower component is raised together with the upper component, as jointly-raised components, by way of the lifting device, and a further lower component is subsequently positioned under the jointly-raised components whereupon the jointly-raised components are lowered onto the further lower component by way of the lifting device.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device has a control for smooth and/or jerk-free raising and/or lowering of the upper or lower component or of the upper and lower components.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device has several individual lifters.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the individual lifters are synchronized by way of a synchronizing device.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a vertical orientation of the lifting device is automatically monitored by way of a sensor system or sensor device, wherein the vertical orientation is corrected automatically or manually.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base has a floor pit or a drive-on ramp.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lower component has an H-shaped frame part.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein an uppermost component of the elevator is a head component or mast top.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one component is prefabricated prior to construction of the elevator.

11. An elevator constructed according to the method of claim 1.

12. The method according to claim 4, wherein the individual lifters each have a coupling device for coupling to individual components.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the elevator is a vertical reciprocating conveyor.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein at least one component is prefabricated prior to the positioning the lifting device on the base.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] There are various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present disclosure in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, reference is made on the one hand to the subordinate claims and, on the other, to the following illustration of exemplary embodiments of the method according to the disclosure and of the elevator according to the disclosure on the basis of the drawings. In conjunction with the illustration of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the disclosure on the basis of the drawings, generally preferred embodiments and developments of the teaching are also illustrated. Shown in the drawings are the following:

[0033] FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an illustration of the principle of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the disclosure for constructing an elevator, and

[0034] FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of an arrangement consisting of the elevator to be constructed and four lifters in conjunction with the illustration according to FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view explaining the principle of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the disclosure for constructing an elevator 1 by way of a lifting device 2 in a sequence of five representations. FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic plan view, the arrangement consisting of elevator 1 to be constructed with the lifting device 2, wherein the combination of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows that the lifting device 2, in this example, has a total of four individual lifters 3.

[0036] The exemplary embodiment shown here relates to an elevator 1, e.g., a freight elevator, which is constructed on a construction site—for example, in a factory hall. For this purpose, a base is provided first, which can be or can have a floor pit or a drive-on ramp. Such a floor pit is usually provided on site.

[0037] In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, phases of the construction of an elevator 1 are shown in five representations. In the first representation, on the far left in FIG. 1, a lifting device 2 is already positioned on the base, wherein two of the four lifters 3 of the lifting device 2 can be seen in this side view. In this phase, the lifters 3 are already brought into engagement with an upper component 4. An uppermost component 7 is already positioned above the upper component 4. The lifters 3 each have a coupling device 6 in the form of a fork. The coupling device 6 can also be designed differently, as long as secure engagement with the component 4 or a further component 5 or 7 is realized. The lifters 3 are arranged laterally to the upper component 4, wherein the lifters 3 according to FIG. 2 are arranged substantially at four corners of the elevator 1 or of the upper component 4.

[0038] According to the second representation in FIG. 1, the upper component 4 has already been raised, together with the uppermost component 7, by way of the lifters 3, for which purpose the coupling devices 6 or forks of the individual lifters 3 have been moved upwards together. In this case, the components 4 and 7 are raised together high enough that, as shown in the third representation of FIG. 1, a lower component 5 can be positioned under the raised components 4 and 7. Subsequently, according to the fourth representation of FIG. 1, the upper component 4 is lowered together with the uppermost component 7 by way of the lifters 3 onto the lower component 5. Subsequently, the coupling devices 6 of the lifters 3 are moved downwards again according to the fifth representation shown on the far right in FIG. 1. An elevator 1 including three components 5, 4, and 7 would thus be constructed, and the lifters 3 able to be removed from the base.

[0039] Otherwise, the lifters 3 can be left at their locations, and the coupling devices 6 can be brought into engagement with the lower component 5 in order to raise, according to the second representation of FIG. 1, the overall structure consisting of the components 5, 4, and 7 and to position, according to the third representation of FIG. 1, a further lower component 5 under this overall structure consisting of the components 5, 4, and 7. This overall structure could subsequently be lowered, according to the fourth representation of FIG. 1, onto the further lower component 5 and to thus form a new overall structure consisting of two components 5 and one component 4 and 7 each, i.e., of a total of four components. In a corresponding manner, a desired number of further lower components 5 can be inserted from below into the overall structure of the elevator 1 in order to construct an elevator 1 of the desired height and with the desired number of floors.

[0040] With a view to the most jerk-limited or jerk-free raising and lowering of the respective components 5, 4, and/or 7 possible, the lifting device 2 or the lifters 3 have a frequency-controlled movement device. Furthermore, the lifters 3 can be moved synchronously by way of a synchronizing device in order to largely prevent or to at least reduce to a non-damaging degree any swinging or even falling over of the elevator 1 or of the overall structure during raising and/or lowering. Each lifter 3 can be controlled individually in order to enable the highest possible flexibility of the control and regulation of the movement of the lifters 3.

[0041] The components 5, 4, and/or 7 are raised and lowered without further mechanical guidance of the respectively raised components 5, 4, and/or 7. In particular, the components or any structural elements of the components are not guided in an adjacent component or in any structural element of an adjacent component. Thus, raising and lowering takes place in a “free-floating” manner.

[0042] In order to ensure the highest possible safety in the construction of the elevator 1, preferably automatic monitoring takes place as to whether the total structure formed in each of the different phases of the construction of the elevator 1 or the finished elevator 1 is vertical or upright. This can take place, for example, by way of suitably positioned light barriers, an electrical water balance, or an electrically-conductive pendulum, which hangs centrally in a sheet metal circle and experiences contact with the sheet metal circle when in an inclined position. As a result, an emergency stop can be triggered in good time prior to an excessively inclined position. In this way, manual correction of the orientation of the overall structure or elevator 1 can be enforced, and raising and/or lowering can subsequently be continued.

[0043] The lifters 3 can have running gear with suitable rollers, in order to enable easy displacement of the lifters 3. In this case, the running gear can be brought into a suitable position under the lifters 3 by way of, for example, an operating lever, prior to a desired displacement or movement of the lifters 3. When used as intended, the running gear would then no longer be positioned under the lifters 3, and the lifters 3 could be positioned securely and stably on the base.

[0044] Alternatively, the lifters 3 could have running gear arranged on one side of the lifters 3 so that a movement or displacement of the lifters 3 could take place after the lifters 3 are tilted toward the running gear. The movement or displacement of the lifters 3 then takes place in a tilted state of the lifters 3.

[0045] The lifters 3 used have a structure realized specifically for the described application of constructing an elevator 1. In this case, special motors, transmissions, and control systems, as well as forklifts, are used.

[0046] The uppermost component 7 can be designed as a so-called “mast top” and can have one or more shafts, transmissions, and/or motors for the movement of an elevator car of the elevator 1.

[0047] Several elevators 1 can be constructed on a construction site with different teams, which each have different tasks, e.g., one team can form the uppermost component 7, a further team can pre-assemble the side structures of the components, and yet a further team can carry out cabling on the uppermost component 7. The teams can work simultaneously on different elevators 1 to be constructed, which considerably saves overall mounting time. In this case, as many tasks as possible can be carried out on the ground before the actual construction of the elevator 1 takes place.

[0048] The exemplary embodiment illustrated above is based upon lifters 3 arranged laterally to or outside of the components 5, 4, and/or 7, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The lifters 3 usually stand outside a floor pit, if such a floor pit is used as a base or forms a part of the base. Alternatively, however, the lifters 3 can also be arranged “within” the components 5, 4, and/or 7 in order to construct the elevator 1. In this case, the lifters 3 can stand in a floor pit if such a floor pit is realized as a base or forms a part of the base, and the components 5, 4, and/or 7 can virtually be mounted around the arrangement of lifters 3, even prior to the construction of the uppermost component 7 or after raising the components 5, 4, and/or 7 already provided. A mounted, uppermost component 7 can then be raised by way of the lifters 3, or components 5, 4, and/or 7 already raised can be lowered by way of the lifters 3 onto the component 4 or 5 mounted underneath.

[0049] With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the disclosure, reference is made to the general part of the description and to the appended claims in order to avoid repetition.

[0050] Finally, it should be expressly pointed out that the exemplary embodiments described above of the device according to the disclosure serve only to explain the claimed teaching, but do not limit the teaching to the exemplary embodiments. The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0051] 1 Elevator [0052] 2 Lifting device [0053] 3 Lifter [0054] 4 Upper component [0055] 5 Lower component [0056] 6 Coupling device [0057] 7 Uppermost component