PERCUSSION DRILLING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING

Abstract

A measurement tool for use in pneumatic percussion drilling comprises a body comprising one or more measuring instruments positioned in a drill string above a pneumatically operated hammer of the drill string.

Claims

1.-18. (canceled)

19. A measurement tool for use during pneumatic percussion drilling, the measurement tool comprising: a body comprising one or more measuring instruments positioned in a drill string above a pneumatically operated hammer of the drill string, wherein the drill string comprises a reverse circulation hammer drill.

20. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the body is positioned immediately above the pneumatically operated hammer.

21. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the measuring instrument comprises one or more orientation and/or inertial movement sensors.

22. A measurement tool according to claim 21, wherein the measuring instrument comprises one or more gyroscopes.

23. A measurement tool according to claim 21, wherein the measuring instrument comprises one or more accelerometers.

24. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the measuring instrument comprises a gamma ray detector.

25. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the measuring instrument is connected to the body by one or more dampers for dampening shock/vibration from the pneumatic percussion drilling that is experienced by the measuring instrument.

26. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the measuring instrument is within a compartment in an annular portion of the body.

27. A measuring tool according to claim 26, wherein the compartment is within an outer diameter of the body.

28. A measuring tool according to claim 26, wherein the compartment is within an annular portion of the body, radially outward of a fluid return channel.

29. A measurement tool according to claim 26, wherein the compartment is within an annular portion of the body between fluid supply channels.

30. A measurement tool according to claim 26, wherein the compartment is sized relative to the instrument so that movement of the instrument during percussion drilling is clear of the walls of the compartment.

31. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the body has one or more fluid supply channels and a fluid return channel.

32. A drilling apparatus comprising a body comprising one or more measuring instruments positioned in a drill string above a pneumatically operated hammer of the drill string, wherein the drill string comprises a reverse circulation hammer drill.

33. A method of measuring a measurement tool during reverse circulation (RC) pneumatic percussion drilling operations comprising the steps: drilling a hole using a drill string having an RC drill bit, a pneumatic hammer for the RC drill bit and a measuring instrument above the hammer; and measuring the orientation of the tool as the hole is being drilled.

34. A method according to claim 33, wherein during each pause in drilling the measuring instrument takes a measurement.

35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the measurement comprises a calibration measurement.

36. A method according to claim 34, wherein the pause in drilling comprises an addition or removal of a drill rod.

37. A method according to claim 35, wherein the measurement comprises taking a first measurement at a first position then rotating 180 degrees and taking a second measurement at a second position.

38. A method according to claim 37, wherein the first measurement is recorded when at the second position and the second measurement is recorded at the first position.

39. A method according to claim 33, wherein the method further comprises damping vibrations/shock experienced by the measuring instrument.

40. A measurement tool according to claim 19, wherein the measurement tool is connected immediately above the hammer in place of a standard drill rod in the drill string.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0106] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0107] FIG. 1 is a side view of a drill rod comprising a damping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0108] FIG. 2 is a side view of the drill rod without the casing showing the damping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0109] FIG. 2A is an isometric view of the casing which may cover the damping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0110] FIG. 2B is an isometric view of the measuring instruments coupled to the damping apparatus within the body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0111] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the drill rod having the damping apparatus mounted within according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0112] FIG. 4 is a side view of a measurement tool having a damping apparatus coupled at each end according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0113] FIG. 4A is a side view of a gamma ray detector coupled to a damping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0114] FIG. 5 is a side view of the measurement tool and damping apparatus shown in FIG. 4;

[0115] FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a plate which measuring instruments may be coupled to according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0116] FIG. 7 is an end view of the plate shown in FIG. 6 showing an elliptical shape of a support of the plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0117] FIG. 8 is an isometric view of a damper apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0118] FIG. 9 in an isometric view of a shroud of the damper apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0119] FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of a ring of the damper apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0120] FIG. 11 is a side view of a silicone damper of the damper apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0121] FIG. 11A is an isometric view of an alternative custom moulded damper of the damper apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0122] FIG. 11B is an isometric view of an alternative damper comprising o-rings according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0123] FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional view of the damping apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0124] FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view of the drill rod having inner compartments with a damper apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0125] FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a body of the drill rod having compartments arranged longitudinally around the perimeter of the body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0126] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of supply channels and a return channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0127] FIG. 14A is an isometric view of a manifold according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0128] FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of the body according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0129] FIG. 16 is an isometric view of a lower portion of the body showing a downhole spline according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0130] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the lower end of the casing which engages with the spline shown in FIG. 16 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0131] FIG. 18 is an isometric view of an upper end of the casing which engages with an upper uphole spline shown in FIG. 19 according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0132] FIG. 19 is an isometric view of the upper portion of the body showing the uphole spline according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0133] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 2A, 2B and 3 there is provided drill rod 5 comprising an elongate body 10 within a cylindrical casing 12 having ends suitable for connection into a percussion drilling drill string in place of a standard drill rod. Typically, this will be immediately behind the bottom hole assembly including the drill head and hammer in the drill string since the measurements are desired to be taken from a position immediately behind the hammer.

[0134] The body 10 comprises longitudinally extending compartments 212 arranged around an outer diameter of the body 10. Each compartment 212 is in the form of a recess or slot as seen in FIG. 13. In an embodiment there are two large compartments 212 on opposite sides of the body 10. The large compartments 212 are able to receive one or more measuring instruments 180, as described further below. In an embodiment there may be additional compartments, such as smaller compartments 212 on opposite side of the body 10, and each between two of the larger compartments 212. Each of the compartments 212 may have one or more attachment means for securing a mount 122 to the body 10, typically at a side wall of the compartment 212. In an embodiment the attachment means is in the form of one or more screws or bolts 112 in threaded engagement with a corresponding hole in the side wall 114 (see FIG. 12A). This facilitates placement, installation and removal of the measuring instruments 180. Furthermore, the holes in the side wall 114 of the body allow for adjustment of positioning of each damping apparatus 110 thereby allowing for measuring instruments of different lengths to be placed in each of the compartments 212 at a desired position therein.

[0135] The body 10 further comprises a communications port 196 which provides a data connection to the one or more measuring instruments 180 and/or recharging of a battery (not shown) mounted within the compartment 212. The communications port 196 will be discussed below in detail below with reference to FIG. 13.

[0136] As seen in FIGS. 2, 2B and 3 the body 10 has two measuring instruments 180, 182 each coupled between two damping apparatuses 110.

[0137] Referring to FIGS. 4, 4A, 5 and 12A, the mount 122 is connected to the measuring instruments 180 or a support 186 for the measuring instrument 180 via a damping apparatus 110. The damping apparatus 110 dampens shock/vibration experienced by the measuring instruments 180 during percussion drilling operations. In an embodiment, the damping apparatus is arranged to dampen forces exerted longitudinally with respect to the length of the body 10 and/or radially with respect to the length of the body 10 and/or rotationally about a longitudinal axis of the body (or tangentially thereto) and/or in other directions. In this embodiment, the damping apparatus 110 comprises a resiliently compressible portion and a movement limiting portion. In an embodiment, the resiliently compressible portion comprises two or more sub-portions each with a different elasticity. In an embodiment, each of the portions is arranged to dampen a respective set of one or more of the different directions of force.

[0138] In an embodiment, one of the sub-portions is a silicone or rubber and the other of the sub-portions is an elastomer. Preferably the silicone comprises a soft silicone gel, such as Alpha GEL made by Taica Corporation. Other suitable materials may include, but are not limited to, polymers, such as sorbothane, or one of a number of compositions of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone. Preferably the elastomer is a polymer, such as polyurethane. In an embodiment, the movement limiting portion constrains movement of one or both of the sub-portions such that a vibrational/shock force is applied to the respective sub-portions causing it/them to elastically deform.

[0139] In an embodiment, the movement limiting portion is a shroud 124. In an embodiment, the silicone or rubber sub-portion is a damper, preferably a silicone damper 130 (for example, a Taica M6 Stainless Steel Shock Mount MN-3 SUS or similar as described below in relation to FIG. 11). In an embodiment, the elastomer sub-portion is a compressible/resilient ring 160. The shroud 124 receives one or more silicone damper 130 and the compressible/resilient ring 160. The shroud 124 is supported by the mount 122. Preferably the shroud 124 and mount 122 are integrally formed as a single piece. The resiliently compressible portion supports the support 186 which in turn supports the measurement instrument 180. The damping apparatus 110 is capable of coupling a measuring instrument 180, via the support 186, to the body 10, via the mount 122, to dampen the shock/vibration that the measuring instrument 180 experiences from percussion drilling operations.

[0140] Percussion drilling is an umbrella term that includes but is not limited to, reverse circulation drilling and rotary air blast drilling. The present invention may be suitable for any form of drilling where the drill string experiences high impact and/or repetitive impact forces. The forces that the measuring instrument 180 experiences may be axial, radial and/or rotational shock/vibration experienced independently, or a combination of the aforementioned. Such forces may impede the measuring instrument 180 from collecting accurate data and/or functioning entirely.

[0141] In an embodiment, the compressible/resilient ring 160 is a polyurethane ring 160. The silicone damper 130 and polyurethane ring 160 are housed within the shroud 124. The silicone damper 130 comprises a smaller diameter plate 154 which has a post 138 projecting therefrom for inserting into the support post hole 150 of the support 186 positioned on each respective end of a backplate 184 to which the measuring instrument 180 is rigidly coupled, such as by screws. The shroud 124 assists the silicone dampers 130 and the polyurethane rings 160 to stay inline with the backplate 184 or other measuring instrument, such as gamma ray detector 182, while also preventing the dampers from deforming outside the bounds of the inner boundary of the shrouds 124. The shrouds 124 reduce or prevent lateral motion of the silicone damper 130 and the polyurethane rings 160. The silicone damper 13 is prevented from moving outside the inner diameter of the shroud 124. The person skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many arrangements and types of dampers may be used in place of the described dampers based on the expected conditions the body 10 will experience during operation.

[0142] For example, where axial forces are the only shock/vibration expected to be experienced the polyurethane rings 160 may be removed. Furthermore, the polyurethane ring 160 may be replaced with a damper that dampens axial vibration such as a second silicone damper 130. Alternatively, where rotational forces are the only shock/vibration expected for the measuring instrument 180 to experience, multiple dampers which dampen rotational forces may be employed. This may be in the form of multiple polyurethane rings 160 which have differing damping properties that independently or in combination to account for the expected shock/vibration conditions.

[0143] Referring to FIGS. 4, 4A and 5, there is provided measuring instrument 180, such as a motion/orientation measuring instrument, in a front view and side view (FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively) and a gamma ray detector 182 (in FIG. 4A). Each of the measuring instruments 180 and gamma ray detector 182 are coupled between two damping apparatuses 110 for installation into a compartment 212 of the body 10. The measuring instrument may comprise a number of instruments including, but not limited to, a gyroscope and/or an accelerometer.

[0144] Referring to FIG. 11, the silicone damper 130 comprises a larger diameter plate 152 having surface 132. The smaller diameter plate 154 has surface 134. Preferably, surfaces 132 and 134 are parallel to each other. The silicone is between, and preferably adhered to, the surfaces 132 and 134. Surface 132 has a post 136 projecting therefrom and surface 138 has a post 138 projecting therefrom. The posts 136 and 138 are axially aligned. In an embodiment, the posts 136 and 138 are distinct and separate connected by their mutual attachment to the silicone therebetween. The surfaces 134 and 136 of plates 152 and 154 are able to bear against other surfaces as described further below in compression and the silicone elastically deforms. The elastic deformation in compression has a damping effect. The same may occur in tension. The posts 136, 138 may be urged to move out of alignment due to shock vibration during the percussion drilling. The silicone therebetween resiliently urges then to return to alignment, thereby having a dampening effect.

[0145] In an embodiment, plate 132 is of a larger diameter surface than the diameter of plate 134. The post 136 provides means to rigidly affix the silicone damper 130 to the shroud 124 by extending through a centre hole 140 of the shroud 124. The centre hole 140 may be threaded. The post 136 may be threaded to provide a means for the post 136 to be rigidly affixed to the shroud 124. The post 136 may be affixed by way of a nut, preferably a self tightening nut or vibration resistant nut such as a Nyloc? nut 156. Alternatively, a locking or sealing adhesive, such as Loctite? or a self-locking washer, such as Nordlock? may be used. The post 138 provides for insertion into the hole 150 in the support 186 to provide a connection which allows for flexibility and movement of the backplate 184 and measuring instrument 180 in response to shock/vibration from percussion drilling.

[0146] The backplate 184 and measuring instrument 180 may be interchangeable with any measuring tool or apparatus having supports 186 affixed at respective longitudinal ends with dimensions which fit within the compartments 212, such as gamma detector 182. To fit within the compartments the length of the measuring tool and damping apparatuses must line up with a respective hole in the sidewall 114 of the compartment 212.

[0147] FIG. 6 shows the backplate 184 suitable for fixing the measuring instrument 180 or other componentry such as a PCB board. The backplate 184 has a length such that each longitudinal end comprises a support 186 (shown in FIG. 7). The damping apparatuses 110 are affixed to the body 10 such that the backplate 184 and measuring instrument 180 are fixed in a damped arrangement between the damping apparatuses 110. FIG. 8 provides an isometric view of the damping apparatus 110, specifically the housing of the silicone damper 130 and polyurethane ring 160 within the shroud 124. The interrelation between these features will be discussed below in more detail.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 9, the shrouds 124 are elliptical in shape having a major axis 126 and a minor axis 128. Each shroud 124 has curved side walls 144 separated by gaps 142. The major axis 126 define the maximum separation of the side walls 144. The minor axis 128 defines the separation of the gaps in the side walls 144. The side walls 144 define a void that receives the respective silicone damper 130 and the polyurethane ring 160 flexed around the support 186 (discussed in detail below). The support 186 is elliptical in shape and has a major axis 188 and a minor axis 190. The major axis 188 of the support 186 and the major axis 126 of the shroud 124 are parallel when in a neutral position. The major axis 188 of the support 186 is less than or equal in length to the minor axis 128 of the shroud 124.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 10, there is provided a cross section of a polyurethane ring 160. The polyurethane rings 160 are flexible and are formed into a substantially 1.1 or V shaped cross section 162 allowing further flexibility and manipulability. The polyurethane rings 160 may comprise a suitable cross-sectional shape, such as an S shape, provided they fit around the support and provide a suitable damping effect as described herein. A bridge 174 between the legs of the V/U forms a pivot with a gap 172 therebetween. The polyurethane ring 160 has an outer surface 166 formed of one leg of the V/U and a substantially circular centre 164 formed of the other leg. The outer surface 166 may be at an angle to the central axis of the polyurethane ring 160. The circular centre 164 may be co-axial with the central axis. The centre 164 is able to flex to receive the support 186. There is a ring 160 on each support 186 on each respective end of the backplate 184. The gap 172 between the legs can be closed by radial compression of the inside of the centre 164 and the outside of the ring 166. Once the gap 172 is closed further radial force will elastically compress the centre 164 towards the outer surface 166.

[0150] As the major axis 188 of the support 186 is less than or equal in length to the minor axis 128 of the shroud 124, the polyurethane ring 160 prevents the major axis 188 of the support 186 from moving to be parallel with the minor axis 128 of the shroud 124 due to it interposing between the support 186 and the side walls 144 and by that imposition causing the polyurethane ring 160 to be elastically radially compressed by a force urging the support 186 to rotate about the post 136, or otherwise move in stages as the gap 174 is closed and then further compressed once the gap 174 is closed.

[0151] The supports 186 on each end of the backplate 184 comprise a shoulder 192. The polyurethane ring 160 is coupled to the support 186 by the support 186 being inserted into the centre hole 164 and the surface 170 of each polyurethane ring 160 abutting against shoulder 192.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 11, there is provided a side view of the silicone damper 130. the silicone damper 130 is shaped having a larger diameter side 132 which is received directly into and abuts the shroud 124. Each silicone damper 130 tapers inward to a smaller diameter side 134 which is concentrically aligned and abuts with a respective polyurethane ring 160 on an upper face 168 (see FIG. 10). This will be discussed further below.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 11A, there is provided a custom moulded damper 500 comprising a silicone core 514 fixed intermediate a first shell portion 510 and a second shell portion 512. The silicone core 514 may comprise the soft silicone gel, such as Alpha GEL made by Taica Corporation, as mentioned above. Similar to silicone damper 130, other suitable materials for the silicone core 514 may include, but are not limited to, polymers, such as sorbothane, or one of a number of compositions of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone.

[0154] To increase the rotational damping response, posts (not shown) may extend radially from the first shell portion 510 and/or the second shell portion 512 into the silicone core 514. The addition of the radially extending posts provides additional surface area to receive a response from the silicone core 514 during movement. The custom moulded damper 500 may act as an alternative or a replacement to the silicone damper 130 and affixed similar between the backplate 186 and the shroud 124 in a similar or otherwise suitable manner. Alternative embodiments may use a combination of different dampers described herein.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 11B, there is provided an alternative damping arrangement comprising O-rings 610, 612 around the support 186 between the backplate 184 and a housing 614. The housing 614 may be rigidly fixed to the mount 122 with a suitable fastener or integrally formed with the mount 122 (as seen in FIGS. 4, 4A and 5). In this embodiment the damper comprises two O-rings positioned radially between the support 186 and the housing 614 and a single O-ring positioned axially between the support 186 and the housing 614.

[0156] The number of each type of O-rings provided are for exemplary purposes. There may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more O-rings positioned radially between the support 186 and the housing 614. Similarly, there may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more O-rings positioned axially between the support 186 and the housing 614. The support 186 and housing 614 each may comprise one or more shoulders for seating each of the O-rings axially between the support 186 and the housing 614. The O-rings may comprise the same or varying compositions of materials such that the overall damping effect can customised for a specific application. The support 186 may also be elliptical in shape (as shown in FIG. 7) and comprise a polyurethane ring 160 as described herein to provide additional damping response to rotation.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 12A again, the damping apparatus is shown having the mount 122 rigidly affixed to the body 10. The mount 122 provides means for rigidly affixing the shroud 124 to the mount 122. A pin 136 on the larger diameter side 132 of each silicone damper 130 is inserted through the shroud 124 to rigidly fix the silicone damper 130 to a respective shroud 124. Each silicone dampers 130 smaller diameter side 134 comprises a pin 138 for insertion into a respective support 186, the support having a polyurethane ring 180 flexed around its major axis 188. In this manner, each silicone damper 130 is positioned between the shroud 124 and the backplate 184 in the axial direction and each polyurethane ring 180 is positioned between the support 186 and the shroud 124 in the radial direction. Modifications to the placement of the dampers, such as silicone damper 130 and polyurethane ring 160, relative to the shroud 124 may vary for based on considerations which included, but are not limited to, the type of damper being used and the spatial constraints.

[0158] The spatial positioning of the measuring instruments 180 within the compartments 212 can be seen in FIG. 12B. In this embodiment, the measuring instruments 180 are affixed between two damping apparatuses. The damping apparatuses are spaced apart longitudinally to provide support along the length of the backplate 184. Alternative embodiments may require more or less damping apparatuses which will be discussed in detail below. During a percussion drilling operation, the black plate 184 of measuring instrument 180 can move such as for example illustrated by the double headed arrows. Sufficient clearance is provided between the extreme dimensions of the black plate 184 of measuring instrument 180 and the inside surface of the compartment 212 and the inside wall of the casing 12 such that contact does not occur.

[0159] During operation of the percussion drill, the rotational forces may cause the backplate 184 to rotate with respect to the body 10 which will cause the respective major axes 188 of the supports 186 to rotate towards the respective minor axes 128 of the shrouds 124. As the rotation of the plate occurs the polyurethane rings 160 will compress due to the material properties and cross-section 162. The compression resists against this rotation providing dampening until it reaches a maximum point. The maximum point being no further than where the major axis 188 of the support 186 and the minor axis 128 of the shroud 124 align. The ring is selected so that the resistance due to compression is elastic and the maximum expected forces applied do not reach plastic deformation and the rotation does not reach the maximum point.

[0160] In an embodiment, the polymer ring dampens by elastically resisting deformation urging legs of the U or V shape together until they meet and then dampens by elastically resisting deformation of the legs being compressed further together. In particular, the cross-section 162 and material properties allow the polyurethane ring 160 to elastically deform as the major axis 188 of the support 186 rotates towards the minor axis 128 of the shroud 124. The elastic deformation of the polyurethane ring 160 provides increasing resistance against the support 186 to the continued rotation of the support 160. Likewise, the elastic deformation of the silicone damper 130 provides increasing resistance to other directional forces. In this manner, the vibration/shock from the rotation of the measuring instrument 180 being coupled to the backplate 184 is reduced to a level which the measuring instrument 180 is capable of functioning.

[0161] For example, the average acceleration the drill rod positioned immediately above the bottom hole assembly experiences at any given time during operation is approximately a peak of 2500 g-force. The damping apparatus described herein allows the body 10 to perform the same function of a standard drill rod while also reducing the acceleration experienced by the measuring instrument closer to approximately a peak of 20 g-force. Where previously measure while drilling operations were not possible due to the shock/vibration experienced during percussion drilling operations, the damping apparatus reduces/eliminates enough shock/vibration such that measure while drilling operations can be conducted. Without the damping apparatus described herein a measuring instrument may be subjected to for example in excess of 3000 g force of acceleration due to shock/vibration and consequently would be inoperable/damaged/destroyed making measure while drilling operations impractical or impossible to be employed during percussion drilling operations.

[0162] Alternative embodiments of the present invention may require more or less damping apparatuses to be used to dampen the shock/vibration. The backplate 184 in the embodiment provided is of such a length and mass that having a damping apparatus at each end provides an optimal reduction of vibration/shock. However, where the measuring instrument 30 only requires a plate 38 that is shorter it may be sufficient to couple it to a single damping apparatus. Alternatively, if the measuring instrument 30 is longer requiring the plate to be longer, there may be a further damping apparatus providing at some point along the length of the plate 38. The damping apparatus provided along the length of the plate 38 may comprise a radial damper. Additional dampers may be employed depending on the expected conditions to be experienced.

[0163] Alternative damping apparatuses may incorporate a number of alternative dampers or components including, but not limited to, springs or fluid dampers. Springs may be used to resist and/or dampen the rotation of the backplate 184 with respect to the body 10. Alternatively, or in addition, fluid dampers may be used which work by moving a planar body through a viscous fluid. The viscous fluid resists and/or dampens the movement of the planar body which resists and/or dampens the movement of the backplate 184 and support 186.

[0164] Alternative rotational dampers include having one or more bodies radially extending within a rubber or elastomer body, such as silicone damper 130. The radially extending bodies can rotate against a cushion like body, such as the silicone, provided by the rubber or elastomer body but are biased towards their initial position within the rubber body. For example, as discussed briefly above, the post 138 of the plate 154 may extend through a portion or all of the silicone damper 130 without connecting to the other post 136 of the plate 152 of the silicone damper. The post 138 may have one or more radially extending bodies within the boundaries of the silicone of the silicone damper 130. In this embodiment the post 138 would be rigidly connected to the plate 184. As the plate 184 rotates the post 138 also rotates thereby moving the bodies radially extending through the silicone damper 130. The radially extending bodies dampen the rotational force while also providing a resistance and biasing force to return the post 138 and therefore, the backplate 184 to its neutral orientation.

[0165] The shape of the shroud 124 and support 186 may have a circular or other shaped cross section where alternative damping means for damping and/or resisting rotation of the backplate 184 or other measuring tool, such as a gamma ray detector 182, relative to the body 10.

[0166] FIG. 12B shows the body 10 in more detail it has a plurality and in this case four supply channels 318 which receives air from a single annulus of a standard double walled drill rod to the upper end 14 of the body 10. The backplate 184 has the measuring instrument 180 within the compartments 212 isolated from the fluid supply channels 318 and a fluid return channel 320. The fluid return channel 320 receives fluid from the bottom hole assembly at the lower end 18 of the body 10 and provides it to a central tube of the standard double walled drill rod.

[0167] The cross-sectional area of the compartment 212 may be greater than the cross-sectional area of the fluid supply channels 318, thus allowing for a measuring instrument 180 of greater dimensions to be housed within the compartment 212 than would be able to be housed in a compartment having the same cross-sectional area as the fluid supply channels 318.

[0168] The cross-sectional profile of the compartment 212 may be different than the cross-sectional profile of the fluid supply channels 318, which are beneficially round, thus allowing for a measuring instrument 180 of different proportions to be housed within the compartment 212 than would be able to be housed in a compartment having the same cross-sectional profile as the fluid supply channels 318.

[0169] The different cross-sectional area and/or profile of the compartment is advantageous as the incorporation of a wider variety of measuring instruments 180 is enabled. The compartments 212 may be shaped to be generally U shaped in cross-section. The compartment may comprise a substantially flat base.

[0170] The compartment 212 may comprise sloped sidewalls that are wider apart at an opening of the compartment 212 than the sidewalls are apart at the base.

[0171] The compartment 212 may comprise an opening in the radial direction of the body 10 for access to the compartment 212.

[0172] The radial opening facilitates access to the compartment 212 when the casing 12 is removed.

[0173] Referring to FIGS. 13, 14 and 14A, the upper end 14 of the body 10 comprises a chamber which acts as a manifold 324 to direct fluid from a surface unit uphole into the fluid supply channels 318. The present embodiment provides four fluid supply channels 318 as this allows for the two larger compartments 212 and the two smaller compartments 212 described above. Alternative embodiments may have one, two, three, five or more fluid supply channels based on the specific application. At the lower end 18 of the body 10 there is the reverse of manifold 324 which allows for the four fluid supply channels 318 to combine in a chamber and continue to the next drill rod, likely, the bottom hole assembly, but possibly another drill rod.

[0174] The fluid return channel 320 eventually receives return of the fluid provided through the fluid supply channels 318 as well as any cuttings or debris produced from the drilling operations. Due to the fluid return channel 320 comprising solid debris it is typically of a larger diameter relative to the fluid supply channels 318. The fluid return channel 320 is fluidly isolated from the fluid supply channels 318 and compartments 212, 212. The fluid return channel 320 is defined by the fluid return pipe 322 which connects to each successive drill rod from the bottom hole assembly up to a surface return unit, such as a cyclonic separator, container or sample bag.

[0175] The fluid supply channels 318 supply working fluid from a surface unit (not shown) through the body 10 providing compartments 212, 212 without impeding the volumetric flow rate of fluid required to operate the bottom hole assembly, such as to provide pressurised air to the hammer and drill bit in reverse circulation drilling.

[0176] There is provided a communications port 196 (seen in FIG. 13). The communications port 196 may have one or more interfaces, such as RS-232, USB, USB-C, Firewire, Bluetooth and/or CATS/6 ethernet, for establishing a data connection between the measuring instruments 180, 182 and an external device. Alternative embodiments may incorporate a number of different interfaces at the communications port 196. The person skilled in the art would appreciate that any interface which provides for transfer of data would be encompassed within the present invention. Furthermore, the interfaces may provide for an electrical connection to recharge one or more batteries which may be mounted between damping apparatuses 110. The electrical connection may be by way of inductive coupling. The batteries provide power to the measuring instruments during percussion drilling operations. In the interest of time and costs with replacing after each use, the communications port 196 provides a means of recharging the batteries without removing or replacing individual batteries.

[0177] Referring to FIG. 15, there is provided a cross section of the body 10 showing the fluid supply channels 318 and the fluid return channel 320. As discussed above, the compartments 212 are larger than the compartments 212. The compartments 212 may provide a channel for cables. The channel extends from the lower end of compartment 212 to the upper end of the other compartment 212 located on the opposite side. A circumferentially extending channel recessed into the body 10 above and below the compartments 212 provide a conduit for securing cabling to communicate between multiple measuring instruments 180, 182 between compartments 212 located on opposite sides of the body 10.

[0178] Referring to FIGS. 16, 17, 18 and 19 there is provided an upper end of body 10 having a torque transferring mechanism. In an embodiment the torque transferring mechanism comprises a plurality of splines 414 and complementary spline mating portion 416 comprising complementary grooves for receiving the splines 414. The lower end of the body 10 comprising a torque transferring mechanism, preferably comprising a plurality of splines 418 and complementary spline mating portion 420 comprising complementary grooves. An alternative to the splines includes a sawtooth shaped set of teeth. Each torque transferring mechanism provides a physical connection which when a torque is applied to a portion of the drill rod, the torque is transferred through each of the body 10 and the casing 12. The transfer of torque between the body 10 and casing 12 provides additional rigidity and strength during percussion drilling operations and/or operations which impart high and/or repetitive torque loads.

[0179] Again, referring to FIGS. 17 and 18 there is provided a profile within the upper end of casing 12 and the lower end of casing 12 in the form of respective complementary spline mating portions 416, 420, respectively. The complementary spline mating portion 416 receives each of the teeth or splines 414 positioned on the body 10 at the upper portion of the body 10. The spline mating portion 420 receives each of the teeth or splines 418 located on the lower portion of the body 10. The splines 414, 418 mesh with the profile of complementary spline mating portion 416, 420, respectively.

[0180] In alternative embodiments, the splines 414, 418 may be positioned on the casing 12 and the respective complementary spline mating portions 416, 420 may be located on the body 10. The splines 414, 418 may be affixed to the body 10 or integrally formed therein. Alternative embodiments may have the splines 414, 418 affixed to the casing 12 or integrally formed therein. Complementary spline mating portions 416, 420 may be affixed to the casing 12 or integrally formed therein. Alternative embodiments may have the complementary spline mating portions 416, 420 affixed to the body 10 or integrally formed therein.

[0181] The combination of spline 414 and complementary spline mating portion 416 form a torque transferring mechanism which is also able to be separated so as to provide access to the compartments 212/212 and the measuring instrument(s) therein. The interaction of spline 418 and complementary mating portion 420 provide a physical connection for sharing a torque load between the body 10 and casing 12. Each torque transferring mechanism transfers a torque applied to the body 10 throughout the body 10 and the casing 12. Conversely, the torque applied to the casing 12 is applied to the casing 12 and the body 10.

[0182] In use measuring the orientation of a measurement tool during percussion drilling operations comprises drilling a hole using a drill string having a percussion drill bit and a measuring instrument; and measuring the orientation of the tool as the hole is being drilled. As the drill string progresses into the drilled bore hole the action of the percussion drill bit is paused to add another drill rod, and when the drill string is extracted drill rods are removed. During each pause in drilling the measuring instrument takes a calibration measurement.

[0183] In an embodiment, the measurement comprises taking a first measurement, which may be a calibration measurement, at a first position then rotating 180 degrees and taking a second measurement at a second position.

[0184] The casing 12 comprises complementary spline mating portions 416, 420 which slideably receives the body 10, the body 10 comprising spline 414, 418. To slideably receive the body 10 within the casing 12, the outer diameter at spline 418 must be smaller than an inner diameter of the complementary spline mating portion 416. In an embodiment, the casing is separable from the internal body. In an alternative embodiment, the body 10 and casing 12 may each comprise one of the splines 214, 220 and one of the complementary spline mating portions 416, 420. Alternatively, the outer diameter of spline 416 may be smaller than an inner diameter of the complementary spline mating portion 420 requiring the body 10 to be slideably inserted into the casing 12 from the opposite end.

[0185] As discussed above, with reference to the manifold 324, the upper portion of the body comprises connection means for fluidly connecting to a multi annulus drill rod above the torque transferring mechanism located at the upper end of the body 10 as well as below the lower torque transferring mechanism located at the lower end of the body 10. The fluid return channel 320 connects directly to the fluid return channels of the drill rod immediately above and below the body 10 to fluidly isolate the fluid return channel 320. The annulus of the drill rod above the body in the drill string fluidly connects with the manifold 324 of the upper end of the body 10 at or adjacent to the upper torque transferring mechanism. The manifold 324 directs the supply fluid through the fluid supply channels 318 to the lower end of the body 10 to a chamber which fluidly connects with the annulus of the drill rod or bottom hole assembly below the body 10 at or adjacent to the lower torque transferring mechanism.

[0186] Measurements were conducted to test the effectiveness of the present invention. The accelerations in all three axes were measured with and without the damper apparatus described. The drill bit was actuated at a drill site to measure the un-damped forces, with a supply pressure to a RC drill of 450 psi a rate of penetration of 1 m/min, rotation speed of 50-55 RPM and an air flow rate of 6001/s. The measured half sine pulse equivalent force was 3700 g in the x Axis, 1200 g in the y axis and 5200 in the z axis.

[0187] Then a test drill against a rubber block was established in a test environment. One shock mounted sensor system with an aluminum test chassis that weighed 410 grams and one with a steel chassis weighing 512 grams were tested. Each test setup was subjected to approx. 1 minute of drilling into the rubber block and the vibration data of the test chassis was recorded.

[0188] The steel 512 g chassis experience RMS acceleration as follows: [0189] x-axis1.26 g y-axis1.42 g z-axis1.46 g

[0190] The steel 512 g chassis experience peak acceleration as follows: [0191] x-axis8.49 g y-axis18.27 g z-axis21.25 g

[0192] The aluminium 410 g chassis experience RMS acceleration as follows: [0193] x-axis1.64 g y-axis2.08 g z-axis1.47 g

[0194] The aluminium 410 g chassis experience peak acceleration as follows: [0195] x-axis7.72 g y-axis10.52 g z-axis21.25 g

[0196] In the context described herein, pneumatic percussion drilling is where there is a hammer actuated by pressurised air that strikes an anvil component of or connected to a drill bit so that the drill bit impacts on rock on the bottom of a drill hole so as to break the rock. The hammer is directly next to the drill bit. This type of percussion drilling is used in rotary air blasting (RAB) and reverse circulation drilling (RC drilling). Pneumatic percussion drilling is used in mineral exploration. It is to be distinguished from hydraulic (often water or mud) powered percussion drilling used in hydrocarbon well drilling. It is also to be distinguished from mechanical percussion drilling where the drill string is lifted and dropped, usually from the surface. In hydraulic and mechanical percussion drilling a casing within which the drill string can move is usually used. However, in pneumatic percussion drilling a casing is usually not used.

[0197] RC drilling will be understood to be where the pressurised air flow is also used to blow the rock broken by the drill bit impact into one or more holes in the drill bit and then up through the drill string. The drill rods have an inner tube through which the air and recovered rock return to the surface and an outer tube, which between this and the inner tube, the pressurised air travels down the drill string to the hammer and the drill bit. This is distinguished from RAB, which is where the broken rock air is blown up the drill hole outside of the drill string. The inner tube is not required in the drill rods for RAB.

[0198] Percussion drilling can be distinguished from air core drilling where the drill bit cuts, rather than breaks from impact, but there is pressurised air that returns the cuttings through the drill string. Percussion drilling can also be distinguished from diamond core drilling where ring is cut by diamond teeth and a core sample can be retrieved.

[0199] The sensors in the measuring instrument may be for example accelerometers, such as micro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers, and gyroscopes, such as MEMS gyroscopes or fibre optic gyroscopes. Suitable devices include TDK Tronics Gyror3300, Gladiator DIGS100, Fitzoptika VG091A-4LD, Analog Devices ADIS16465-2 or Silicon Sensing CRH03. Typically the sensors are arranged to provide 3 axes of acceleration measurement and 3 polar axes of rotational measurement so as to provide an Inertial Measuring System which can measure while moving and can auto-correct for drift while stationary, such as during rod addition/removal.

[0200] Modifications may be made to the present invention within the context of that described and shown in the drawings. Such modifications are intended to form part of the invention described in this specification.