MICRONUTRIENT COMPOSITIONS WITH SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURES FOR AGRICULTURAL USE

Abstract

Compositions with supramolecular structures for use in agricultural methods include a source of micronutrients such as a fertilizer, a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with the source of micronutrients, and a solvent. Formulations for combination with a macronutrient source are also included. Methods of treating a plant to improve nutrient assimilation or vigor include applying an agriculturally effective amount of the composition to the plant.

Claims

1-25. (canceled)

26. An agricultural composition comprising: a micronutrient source; a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with the micronutrient source; and a solvent.

27. The composition of claim 26, wherein the micronutrient source comprises boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, or zinc; or a salt of boron, chlorine, iron, manganese, or molybdenum, or either copper or zinc; or a combination thereof.

28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the micronutrient source further comprises cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, aluminum, or vanadium, or a salt thereof, or a combination thereof.

29. The composition of claim 26, wherein the micronutrient source includes a fertilizer that comprises boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, or zinc; or a salt of boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, or zinc, or a salt thereof provided that the salt excludes the combination of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate; or a combination thereof.

30. The composition of claim 26, wherein the micronutrient source is present in an amount of about 0.01 percent to 20 percent by weight of the composition and wherein the supramolecular host chemical or supramolecular guest chemical is present in an amount of about 1 percent to about 90 percent by weight of the composition.

31. The composition of claim 26, wherein the supramolecular host chemical is present and comprises a nanostructure having a charge, magnetic properties, or both.

32. The composition of claim 26, wherein the solvent comprises water.

33. The composition of claim 26, wherein the solvent is present in an amount of 0.5 percent to about 80 percent by weight of the composition.

34. A method of preparing the agricultural composition of claim 26, which comprises: forming a mixture of the solvent and the supramolecular host chemical or the supramolecular guest chemical; and adding the micronutrient source to form the composition.

35. A method of treating a plant to improve nutrient assimilation or vigor, comprising: applying an agricultural composition to the plant in an agriculturally effective amount, the composition comprising: a micronutrient source; a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with the micronutrient source; and a solvent.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the composition is applied by injection, drip, broadcast, banding, soil drench, foliarly, by fertigation, aerially, or a combination thereof.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the micronutrient source is selected to comprise boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, or zinc; or a salt of boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, or zinc provided that copper sulfate and zinc sulfate are not both selected; or a combination thereof.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the micronutrient source is selected to further comprise cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, aluminum, or vanadium, or a salt thereof, or a combination thereof.

39. The method of claim 35, wherein: the composition is applied at a concentration of about 1.0 to about 1.5 mL of the composition per gallon of carrier fluid, or about 9.0 mL to about 20.0 mL of the composition per gallon of carrier fluid, or the composition is applied at a rate of about 1 ounce to about 3 ounces of the composition per acre of the plant or about 70 ounces to about 90 ounces of the composition per acre of the plant.

40. The method of claim 35, wherein the micronutrient source is selected to comprise an amount of about 0.01 percent to 5 percent by weight of the composition and wherein the supramolecular host chemical or supramolecular guest chemical is present in an amount of about 1 percent to about 90 percent by weight of the composition.

41. The method of claim 35, wherein the supramolecular host chemical is present and comprises a nanostructure having a charge, magnetic properties, or both.

42. The method of claim 35, which further comprises increasing a plant weight or a nutrient uptake in the plant compared to a plant that did not receive the agriculturally effective amount of the composition.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein there is an increased nutrient uptake of zinc, manganese, iron, copper, boron, aluminum, or a combination thereof, in the plant.

44. A method of increasing the assimilation of one or more micronutrients in a plant, which comprises applying an agriculturally effective amount of the agricultural composition of claim 26 to the plant.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the agricultural composition further includes an additive that comprises one or more adjuvants, water conditioning agents, buffering agents, defoamers, drift control agents, stickers, spreaders, tank cleaners, fertilizers, and biostimulants.

46. An agricultural formulation comprising: a plurality of agricultural additives which comprises: a biostimulant; a sugar; an acid; an iron source; and a surfactant; and a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with at least one of the agricultural additives.

47. The agricultural formulation of claim 46, wherein the sugar comprises glucose or fructose; the biostimulant comprises humic acid; the acid comprises citric acid; the iron source comprises an iron chelate; and the surfactant comprises an ethoxylate.

48. A method of increasing the assimilation of one or more micronutrients in a plant, which comprises: combining an agriculturally effective amount of the agricultural formulation of claim 46 and a micronutrient source to form an agricultural composition; and applying the agricultural combination to the plant to increase assimilation to the plant of at least one micronutrient in the micronutrient source.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures.

[0012] FIGS. 1A-1D show the crystal structures of a 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution;

[0013] FIGS. 2A-2C show the encapsulation of supramolecular structures in a 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution with the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIGS. 3A-3B show randomized crystals in a 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution with the control composition of Example 1;

[0015] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the increased dry biomass in sweet basil of Example 3, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 5 is a graph showing the increased dry biomass in vincas of Example 3, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 6 is a graph showing the increase in micronutrient assimilation in sweet basil of Example 3 treated with the composition of Example 1 compared to a control, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 7 a graph showing the increase in micronutrient assimilation in vincas of Example 3 treated with the composition of Example 1 compared to a control, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the total dry biomass in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 9 is a graph showing the micronutrient percent change in corn of Example 4 compared to the control treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 10 is a graph showing total zinc uptake in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 11 is a graph showing total manganese uptake in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 12 is a graph showing total iron uptake in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 13 is a graph showing total copper uptake in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 14 is a graph showing total boron uptake in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure; and

[0026] FIG. 15 is a graph showing total aluminum uptake in corn of Example 4 treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and different concentrations of the composition of Example 1, according to aspects of the present disclosure;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] This disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating plants to accelerate vegetation and growth. The compositions include micronutrient source(s) with supramolecular structures that enhance assimilation of the soil micronutrients in plant systems.

[0028] Two classes of nutrients are considered essential for plants: macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Macronutrients are essential to plant health, growth, yield, and development and are required in larger doses. Micronutrients include boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), as well as silicon (Si), vanadium (Va), sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al) in some cases as a beneficial element that helps in various forms. Micronutrients are essential for plant development and survival, but are required in lesser quantities than macronutrients.

[0029] Without being bound by theory, it is believed that each micronutrient has one or more advantages in plant growth, and at least one advantage of each of the micronutrients disclosed herein includes the following: Boron is beneficial in sugar transport, cell division, and amino acid production. Chlorine is used in turgor regulation, resisting diseases and photosynthesis. Copper is a component of enzymes and involved with photosynthesis. Iron is a component of enzymes, and part of chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. Molybdenum is involved in nitrogen metabolism and for nitrogen fixation in legumes. Manganese, involved in chloroplast production, is a cofactor in many plant reactions and activates enzymes. Zinc, a component of many enzymes, is helpful for plant hormone balance and auxin activity. Nickel is a component of some plant enzymes, most notably urease. Cobalt is a component of several enzymes and increases the drought resistance of seeds; it is also helpful in nitrogen fixation. Silicon is helpful for alleviating biotic and abiotic stress. Vanadium helps with pepper plant growth and flowering, increases concentrations of amino acids, sugars and chlorophylls, and modifies nutrient concentrations. Sodium helps to aid in metabolism and synthesis of chlorophyll. Aluminum promotes nutrient uptake and alleviates iron and manganese toxicity in acidic conditions.

[0030] The compositions include a supramolecular host structure or guest structure mixture in an aqueous solvent, such as water, that promotes supramolecular structures and increased micronutrient assimilation in plants. The formation of supramolecular structures increases such micronutrient assimilation in plants. In various embodiments, the compositions include micronutrient supramolecular structures that increase nutrient assimilation and overall plant growth and vigor.

[0031] The compositions can be applied by any suitable method, such as injection, drip, broadcast, banding, soil drench, foliarly, by fertigation, aerially, or other conventional methods, or any combination thereof. As further discussed below, the compositions increase nutrient assimilation, and overall plant growth and vigor. As used herein, vigor of a plant means plant weight (including tissue mass or root mass, or a combination thereof), plant height, plant canopy, visual appearance, or any combination of these factors. Thus, increased vigor refers to an increase in any of these factors by a measurable or visible amount when compared to the same plant that has not been treated with the compositions disclosed herein.

[0032] In certain embodiments, the compositions include (1) a micronutrient source; (2) a supramolecular host or guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with the micronutrient source; and (3) a solvent, preferably an aqueous solvent. Such supramolecular structures or assemblies may take the form of, e.g., micelles, liposomes, nanostructures, or nanobubbles.

[0033] In several embodiments, the compositions of micronutrients with supramolecular structures enhance assimilation of the soil micronutrients in plant systems. The essential micronutrients are boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and combinations thereof. Some plants also benefit from cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, aluminum, vanadium, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the compositions include a supramolecular host structure mixture in water that promotes supramolecular structures and increased micronutrient assimilation. Advantageously, the formulation of supramolecular structures increases micronutrient assimilation in plants.

[0034] In several embodiments, the micronutrient source includes a fertilizer. As used herein, a fertilizer is any natural or synthetic substance that is applied to soil or plants to improve growth and productivity. Fertilizers provide nutrients to plants. The fertilizer that can be utilized can be any chemical moiety, natural or synthetic, that serves as a source of macronutrients and/or micronutrients for the plant under consideration.

[0035] In some embodiments, the micronutrient source includes one or more of boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, aluminum, or vanadium, or a salt thereof. For example, the micronutrient source may include copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, or ferrous sulfate, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the micronutrient source includes one or more of boron, chlorine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, silicon, sodium, aluminum, vanadium, and either zinc or copper (but not both), or a salt thereof (i.e., of any of the foregoing). In another embodiment, zinc and copper may be included with one or more of the foregoing micronutrients in the micronutrient source, provided that either zinc sulfate or copper sulfate is not present if the other salt is present. In yet a further embodiment, any salt of the above micronutrient sources may be included except not a sulfate salt of any micronutrient. The micronutrient source, or source of one or more micronutrients, is present in the composition but in an amount less than about 50 percent by weight of the composition. Depending on various factors including micronutrients present in local soil, type of crop, etc., various amounts of micronutrient source may be present in the composition disclosed herein, such as from about 0.01 percent to about 30 percent by weight, from about 0.1 to about 20 percent by weight, or from about 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, or from 1 to 5 percent by weight. In one embodiment where the micronutrient source includes copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, the amount of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate combined is from about 2 to 20 weight percent or 25 to 30 weight percent, of the composition.

[0036] Depending on the application method being used, a grower can dilute the micronutrient fertilizer source by air (e.g., by spraying) or water before application. The inventive blend will be mixed in the micronutrient source before dilution occurs to form the supramolecular structure. Micronutrients are typically applied by various methods to an agricultural growing system with common methods being injected, drip, fertigation, foliar, broadcast, banded, aerial, and other various forms of application in agriculture systems.

[0037] In selecting suitable supramolecular host or guest chemical(s), (1) the host chemical generally has more than one binding site, (2) the geometric structure and electronic properties of the host chemical and the guest chemical typically complement each other when at least one host chemical and at least one guest chemical is present, and (3) the host chemical and the guest chemical generally have a high structural organization, i.e., a repeatable pattern often caused by host and guest compounds aligning and having repeating units or structures. In some embodiments, the supramolecular host chemical or supramolecular guest chemical is provided in a mixture with a solvent. A preferred solvent includes an aqueous solvent, such as water. Host chemicals may include nanostructures of various elements and compounds, which may have a charge, may have magnetic properties, or both. Suitable supramolecular host chemicals include cavitands, cryptands, rotaxanes, catenanes, or any combination thereof.

[0038] Cavitands are container-shaped molecules that can engage in host-guest chemistry with guest molecules of a complementary shape and size. Examples of cavitands include cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillarrenes, and cucurbiturils. Calixarenes are cyclic oligomers, which may be obtained by condensation reactions between para-t-butyl phenol and formaldehyde.

[0039] Cryptands are molecular entities including a cyclic or polycyclic assembly of binding sites that contain three or more binding sites held together by covalent bonds, and that define a molecular cavity in such a way as to bind guest ions. An example of a cryptand is N[CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2].sub.3N or 1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane. Cryptands form complexes with many cations, including NH 4+, lanthanoids, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals.

[0040] Rotaxanes are supramolecular structures in which a cyclic molecule is threaded onto an axle molecule and end-capped by bulky groups at the terminal of the axle molecule. Another way to describe rotaxanes are molecules in which a ring encloses another rod-like molecule having end-groups too large to pass through the ring opening. The rod-like molecule is held in position without covalent bonding.

[0041] Catenanes are species in which two ring molecules are interlocked with each other, i.e., each ring passes through the center of the other ring. The two cyclic compounds are not covalently linked to one another, but cannot be separated unless covalent bond breakage occurs.

[0042] Suitable supramolecular guest chemicals include cyanuric acid, water, and melamine, and are preferably selected from cyanuric acid or melamine, or a combination thereof. Another category of guest chemical includes nanostructures of various elements and compounds, which may have a charge, may have magnetic properties, or both.

[0043] The supramolecular host chemical or the supramolecular guest chemical is present in the composition in any suitable amount but is generally present in the composition in an amount of about 1 percent to about 90 percent by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the supramolecular host chemical or supramolecular guest chemical, or host and guest chemical combination, is present in an amount of about 50 percent to about 85 percent by weight of the composition, for example, 60 percent to about 80 percent by weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the supramolecular host or guest chemical coupled with solvent is present in an amount of about 20 up to 74 weight percent of the composition or from over 80 to about 90 weight percent of the composition.

[0044] Any solvent may be used, including for example water or any alcohol. Typically, an aqueous solvent is used, and water is used as a preferred aqueous solvent. The solvent is typically present in an amount that is at least sufficient to partially and preferably substantially dissolve any solid components in the composition. Water (or other polar solvent) is present in any suitable amount but is generally present in the composition in an amount of about 0.5 percent to about 80 percent by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, water is present in an amount of about 5 percent to about 75 percent by weight of the composition, for example, 50 percent to about 70 percent by weight of the composition. In various embodiments, the solvent partially dissolves one more components of the composition. In some embodiments, the solvent is selected to at least substantially dissolve (e.g., dissolve at least 90%, preferably at least about 95%, and more preferably at least about 99% or 99.9%, of all the components) or completely dissolve all of the components of the composition.

[0045] Any common agriculture additive(s) can be used in the composition depending on the intended application(s). Common examples include one or more adjuvants, water condition agents, buffering agents, defoamers, drift control agents, stickers, spreaders, tank cleaners, fertilizer, and biostimulants. Suitable amounts may be determined by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the guidance herein regarding the micronutrient source, the host/guest chemistry, and the solvent, along with the type of crop and growing and environmental conditions.

[0046] The order of addition of the components of the composition can be important to obtain stable supramolecular structures or assemblies in the final mixture. The order of addition is typically: (1) a solvent, (2) any optional additive or additives, and (3) a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical. Once these two or three components are fully mixed, the supramolecular structure can be formed by mixing with a micronutrient source of choice, serially or sequentially. For example, the micronutrient source may provide an essential micronutrient (e.g., boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, or zinc, and in some systems cobalt or nickel, or one or more salts thereof, or a combination of the foregoing). The micronutrient source may also provide a further beneficial nutrient (e.g., silicon, sodium, aluminum, or vanadium, or one or more salts thereof, or a combination of the foregoing). In many situations, however, such further beneficial nutrients are not needed in the micronutrient source where the soil may already contain sufficient amounts of one or more of such beneficial nutrients.

[0047] The compositions described above are typically applied in an agriculturally effective amount to each plant (e.g., the soil, roots, stems, or leaves of the plant, or a combination thereof). The amount or concentration of the present compositions to be applied can vary depending on conditions (e.g., application technique, wind speed, soil, humidity, pH, temperature, growing season, amount of daily light, amount of nitrogen to be applied, etc.), the concentration and type of components as described herein, as well as the type of plant to which each composition is applied. In some embodiments, an agriculturally effective amount means from about 0.001 ppm to about 300 ppm of the composition per gram of media (e.g., soil or soilless media) in which the plant is placed. In various embodiments, the rate of application is determined by the amount of currently available micronutrients (if any) and any amounts specifically required for the intended plant. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a concentration of about 1 to 30 mL of the composition per gallon of the carrier fluid, for example about 1.0 to about 1.5 mL of the composition per gallon, about 2.0 mL to about 8.0 mL of the composition per gallon, or about 9.0 mL to about 20.0 mL of the composition per gallon. In various embodiments, the composition is applied at a concentration at a rate of about 1 to 100 ounces of the composition per acre of the crop to be treated, for example, about 1 ounce to about 3 ounces of the composition per acre, about 4 ounces to about 65 ounces per acre, or about 70 ounces to about 90 ounces of the composition per acre.

[0048] The term about, as used herein, should generally be understood to refer to both numbers in a range of numerals even if it appears only before the first number in a range (unless not permitted, in which case the presence of the word about should be ignored). Moreover, all numerical ranges herein should be understood to include each whole integer and tenth of an integer within the range.

[0049] The following examples are illustrative of the compositions and methods discussed above and are not intended to be limiting.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Preparation of Ready-to-Use Formulations

[0050] A Ready-to-Use (RTU) formulation was prepared using the components and quantities listed in Table 1 below. The order of addition of the components can be important to obtain stable supramolecular structures in the final mixture. The order was as follows: humic acid, SymMAX? supramolecular host or guest mixture with water, glucose, citric acid, iron chelate, surfactant, and SymMAX? supramolecular host or guest mixture with water. These RTU formulations may be then be combined with micronutrients according to the disclosure herein to form the compositions also disclosed herein.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 RTU FORMULATION COMPONENTS AND AMOUNTS Example Blend Low Limits High Limits Raw Material (w/w %) (w/w %) (w/w %) Humic Acid.sup.1 2 0.1 90 Glucose.sup.2 1 0.1 50 Citric Acid.sup.3 0.5 0.01 10 Iron Chelate.sup.4 0.15 0.01 10 Surfactant.sup.5 2 0.1 90 SymMAX? supramolecular 94.35 1 99 host water mixture.sup.6 .sup.1Commercially available as BorreGRO? HA-1 powder from LignoTech AGRO .sup.2Glucose - anhydrous lab grade from Aldon Corporation .sup.3Citric Acid - anhydrous food grade from Harcros Chemicals, Inc. .sup.4Iron monosodium EDTA from Greenway Biotech, Inc. .sup.5Commercially available as Novel? TDA-9 from Sasol Performance Chemicals .sup.6Commercially available from Shotwell Hydrogenics, LLC or BPS Shotwell.

[0051] A control RTU formulation was also prepared using the ingredients and quantities shown in Table 2 below, but SymMAX? supramolecular host water mixture was replaced with distilled water.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 CONTROL RTU FORMULATION COMPONENTS AND AMOUNTS Example Blend Low Limits High Limits Raw Material (w/w %) (w/w %) (w/w %) Humic Acid.sup.1 2 0.1 90 Glucose.sup.2 1 0.1 50 Citric Acid.sup.3 0.5 0.01 10 Iron Chelate.sup.4 0.15 0.01 10 Surfactant.sup.5 2 0.1 90 Distilled Water 94.35 1 99 .sup.1Commercially available as BorreGRO? HA-1 powder from LignoTech AGRO .sup.2Glucose - anhydrous lab grade from Aldon Corporation .sup.3Citric Acid - anhydrous food grade from Harcros Chemicals, Inc. .sup.4Iron monosodium EDTA from Greenway Biotech, Inc. .sup.5Commercially available as Novel? TDA-9 from Sasol Performance Chemicals

Example 2: Supramolecular Structures

[0052] To understand the composition's response to fertilizer at a molecular level, a 20-20-20 fertilizer (20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorous, and 20% potassium) was mixed with water, and either the formulation of Example 1 (hereinafter Composition) or the control formulation of Example 1 (hereinafter Control Composition). The 20-20-20 fertilizer was prepared by dissolving 38% w/w fertilizer with 62% w/w water.

[0053] Three (3) solutions were prepared: (1) a 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution; (2) a 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution with 1% w/w of the Composition; and (3) a 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution with 1% w/w of the Control Composition.

[0054] Microscopic slides were prepped by cleaning with soap and water, drying, then using an acetone solution and a Kimwipe to assure a clean slide was used with minimal contamination. Additionally, after cleaning the slide, a grade 1 filter paper was wrapped around the microscopic slide. Five (5) mL of solution was added by pipette to the top of the slide and allowed to dry over 12 hours.

[0055] All images were at 10? zoom level using an OMAX compound LED microscope with USB digital camera with zoom of about 50? for a combined zoom level of 500? magnification.

[0056] FIGS. 1A-1D show the crystal structures of the 20-20-20 fertilizer/water solution. FIGS. 2A-2C identify the uniform encapsulation of supramolecular structures in the solution of 20-20-20 fertilizer/water with the Composition. FIGS. 3A and 3B, the images of the solution of 20-20-20 fertilizer/water with the Control Composition, show randomized crystals.

Example 3: Effect of Composition and Fertilizer on Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil) and Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle/Vincas)

[0057] Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) and Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle/vincas) were purchased from a local nursery and grown at a temperature of 75? F., in a controlled light environment for 14 days. Sweet basil comprised of 3-4 plants per pot and were thinned to two homogenous plants per pot. Treatments included: 1) a control with fertilizer/water alone; 2) a fertilizer/water mix with the Composition; and 3) a fertilizer/water mix with the Control Composition. Plant heights, node counts, and wet and dry weights were recorded. Nutrient analysis was done by A&L laboratories in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

[0058] The fertilizer/water solutions were prepared by mixing 0.167% w/w 20-20-20 fertilizer with water (i.e., 1 gram of fertilizer with 599 grams of water). The Composition and the Control Composition were added to the fertilizer/water solutions at a 5% ratio relative to the added nitrogen in the fertilizer/water solution. In this example, 0.01 grams was added to the fertilizer/water solution as identified in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 TREATMENT SOLUTIONS Treatment 20-20-20 Distilled Solution Fertilizer (g) Water (g) Composition (g) 1 1 599 (Control) 2 1 599 0.01 (Composition) 3 1 599 0.01 (Control Composition)

[0059] Solutions were applied at trial initiation and 3 days later at 30 mL of solution at each application to 3-inch pots using the original pots from the nursery. Watering was added as needed 3 days after the final treatment application. Four replications of basil and three replications of vincas were used for proof of concept of the composition blend. Dry weight for basil roots could not be separated by plant and were recorded by pot. Nutrient assimilation was evaluated by A&L Laboratories, including homogenized composite samples for each treatment.

[0060] The results showed positive nutrient assimilation as well as an increase in biomass for the plants treated with the Composition compared to the control and the Control Composition.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 SWEET BASIL RESULTS WITH CONTROL Dry Shoot Dry Root Replication Biomass (g) Weight (g) 1a 0.4 0.079 1b 0.3 0.079 2a 0.4 0.086 2b 0.3 0.086 3a 0.5 0.012 3b 0.3 0.012 4a 0.7 0.170 4b 0.5 0.170 Total Dry Biomass = 0.539 g Average = 0.425 g Average = 0.114 g

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 SWEET BASIL RESULTS WITH COMPOSITION Dry Shoot Dry Root Replication Biomass (g) Weight (g) 1a 0.7 0.113 1b 0.3 0.113 2a 0.4 0.103 2b 0.4 0.103 3a 0.4 0.202 3b 0.7 0.202 4a 0.5 0.094 4b 0.5 0.094 Total Dry Biomass = 0.6155 g Average = 0.488 g Average = 0.128 g

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 SWEET BASIL RESULTS WITH CONTROL COMPOSITION Dry Shoot Dry Root Replication Biomass (g) Weight (g) 1a 0.2 0.071 1b 0.5 0.071 2a 0.4 0.113 2b 0.7 0.113 3a 0.4 0.140 3b 0.4 0.140 4a 0.4 0.101 4b 0.5 0.101 Total Dry Average = 0.438 g Average = 0.106 g Biomass = 0.54437 g

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 SWEET BASIL RESULTS OF ALL TREATMENTS Treatment Solution Total Dry Biomass (g) 1 0.539 (Control) 2 0.616 (Composition) 3 0.544 (Control Composition)

[0061] FIG. 4 illustrates the results of Table 7, showing that treatment with the Composition increases the biomass of sweet basil more than the control or the Control Composition.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 VINCAS RESULTS WITH CONTROL Dry Shoot Dry Root Replication Biomass (g) Weight (g) 1 0.7 0.145 2 0.9 0.073 3 1 0.093 Total Dry Biomass = 0.97 g Average = 0.87 g Average = 0.104 g

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 VINCAS RESULTS WITH COMPOSITION Dry Shoot Dry Root Replication Biomass (g) Weight (g) 1 0.8 0.121 2 1 0.195 3 0.9 0.214 Total Dry Biomass = 1.08 g Average = 0.9 g Average = 0.177 g

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 VINCAS RESULTS WITH CONTROL COMPOSITION Dry Shoot Dry Root Replication Biomass (g) weight (g) 1 0.8 0.1320 2 0.9 0.1333 3 0.6 0.1300 Total Dry Biomass = 0.90 g Average = 0.77 g Average = 0.132 g

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 VINCAS RESULTS OF ALL TREATMENTS Treatment Solution Total Dry Biomass (g) 1 0.97 (Control) 2 1.08 (Composition) 3 0.90 (Control Composition)

[0062] FIG. 5 illustrates the results of Table 11, showing that treatment with the Composition increases biomass of vincas more than the control or Control Composition.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 SWEET BASIL SHOOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 121 41.1 Mn 273 92.8 Fe 148 50.3 Cu 16 5.4 B 65 22.1 Al 23 7.8 Na 0.724 0.2 Shoot Biomass = 3.4 g

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 SWEET BASIL SHOOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 132 51.5 Mn 275 107.3 Fe 147 57.3 Cu 16 6.2 B 64 25.0 Al 16 6.2 Na 0.753 0.3 Shoot Biomass = 3.9 g

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 SWEET BASIL SHOOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 150 52.5 Mn 266 93.1 Fe 133 46.6 Cu 18 6.3 B 68 23.8 Al 14 4.9 Na 0.803 0.3 Shoot Biomass = 3.5 g

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 SWEET BASIL ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 186 8.5 Mn 165 7.5 Fe 303 13.8 Cu 60 2.7 B 42 1.9 Al 223 10.2 Na 0.818 0.0 Root Biomass = 0.456 g

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 SWEET BASIL ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 199 10.2 Mn 120 6.1 Fe 168 8.6 Cu 68 3.5 B 32 1.6 Al 117 6.0 Na 0.645 0.0 Root Biomass = 0.512 g

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 SWEET BASIL ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 104 4.4 Mn 70 3.0 Fe 208 8.8 Cu 69 2.9 B 22 0.9 Al 172 7.3 Na 0.325 0.0 Root Biomass = 0.425 g

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 SWEET BASIL SHOOT AND ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 307 118.4 Mn 438 168.9 Fe 451 173.9 Cu 76 29.3 B 107 41.3 Al 246 94.9 Na 1.542 0.6 Combined Biomass = Micronutrient Uptake 3.856 g Sum = 531.8 (excluding Al and Na)

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 SWEET BASIL SHOOT AND ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 331 146.0 Mn 395 174.3 Fe 315 139.0 Cu 84 37.1 B 96 42.4 Al 133 58.7 Na 1.398 0.6 Combined Biomass = Micronutrient Uptake 4.412 g Sum = 538.8 (excluding Al and Na) Percent Difference with Control = 1.3%

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 SWEET BASIL SHOOT AND ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 254 99.7 Mn 336 131.9 Fe 341 133.8 Cu 87 34.1 B 90 35.3 Al 186 73.0 Na 1.128 0.4 Combined Biomass = Micronutrient Uptake 3.925 g Sum = 434.8 (excluding Al and Na) Percent Difference with Control = ?18.2%

[0063] FIG. 6 illustrates the percent change in micronutrient assimilation for the Composition and the Control Composition compared to the control for sweet basil. As can be seen, the uptake for the Composition compared to the control was a little more than 1%, while that for the Control Composition was more than ?18%.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 VINCAS SHOOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 90 23.4 Mn 191 49.7 Fe 135 35.1 Cu 12 3.1 B 47 12.2 Al 31 8.1 Na 0.06 0.0 Shoot Biomass = 2.6 g

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 VINCAS SHOOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 79 21.3 Mn 129 34.8 Fe 117 31.6 Cu 10 2.7 B 43 11.6 Al 16 4.3 Na 0.044 0.0 Shoot Biomass = 2.7 g

TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 VINCAS SHOOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 94 21.6 Mn 138 31.7 Fe 116 26.7 Cu 11 2.5 B 43 9.9 Al 13 3.0 Na 0.045 0.0 Shoot Biomass = 2.3 g

TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 VINCAS ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 168 5.2 Mn 65 2.0 Fe 138 4.3 Cu 88 2.7 B 23 0.7 Al 96 3.0 Na 0.135 0.0 Root Biomass = 0.311 g

TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 VINCAS ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 234 12.4 Mn 63 3.3 Fe 192 10.2 Cu 102 5.4 B 22 1.2 Al 103 5.5 Na 0.15 0.0 Root Biomass = 0.53 g

TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 VINCAS ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 239 9.4 Mn 61 2.4 Fe 131 5.2 Cu 104 4.1 B 20 0.8 Al 69 2.7 Na 0.126 0.0 Root Biomass = 0.3953 g

TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 VINCAS SHOOT AND ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 258 75.1 Mn 256 74.5 Fe 273 79.5 Cu 100 29.1 B 70 20.4 Al 127 37.0 Na 0.195 0.1 Combined Biomass = Micronutrient Uptake 2.911 g Sum = 278.6 (excluding Al and Na)

TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 VINCAS SHOOT AND ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 313 101.1 Mn 192 62.0 Fe 309 99.8 Cu 112 36.2 B 65 21.0 Al 119 38.4 Na 0.194 0.1 Combined Biomass = Micronutrient Uptake 3.23 g Sum = 320.1 (excluding Al and Na) Percent Difference with Control = 14.9%

TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 VINCAS SHOOT AND ROOT NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CONTROL COMPOSITION Micronutrient Measured (ppm) Uptake (mg) Zn 333 89.8 Mn 199 53.6 Fe 247 66.6 Cu 115 31.0 B 63 17.0 Al 82 22.1 Na 0.171 0.0 Combined Biomass = Micronutrient Uptake 2.6953 g Sum = 258 (excluding Al and Na) Percent Difference with Control = ?7.4%

[0064] FIG. 7 illustrates the percent change in micronutrient assimilation for the Composition and the Control Composition compared to the control for vincas. As can be seen, the uptake for the Composition compared to the control was more than 10%, while that for the Control Composition was about ?7%. The uptake noted in, e.g., Tables 12-29, is measured in mg/treatment.

Example 4: Effect of Composition and Fertilizer on Zea mays (Corn)

[0065] This example was designed to identify intended application rates of the Composition based on the amount of nitrogen to be applied. This was done by varying the rates of 20-10-20 Peters Professional? General purpose fertilizer at 0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm of nitrogen at application with five rates of the Composition at 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 ppm based on grams of soilless media used in the cones for the trial. The soilless media composition was respectively 75/25 (w/w %) of Kolorscape All Purpose Sand and Premier Tech Horticulture Pro-Mix LP15. Zero ppm of fertilizer is utilized as the baseline to understand the level of micronutrients available in the soilless media and to better understand nutrient competition and assimilation.

TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN 20-10-20 FERTILIZER 20-10-20 Peters Professional? General Purpose Fertilizer % N (Nitrogen) 20% P.sub.2O.sub.5 (Available Phosphorus) 10% K.sub.2O (Potash) 20% Mg (Magnesium) 0.150% B (Boron) 0.013% Cu (Copper) 0.013% Fe (Iron) 0.050% Mn (Manganese) 0.025% Mo (Molybdenum) 0.005% Zn (Zinc) 0.025% S (Sulfur) 0.197%

TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 MILLIGRAMS OF NUTRIENTS ADDED BASED ON PPM OF NITROGEN 20-10-20 Peters Professional? General Purpose Fertilizer 50 ppm N 100 ppm N 200 ppm N N (Nitrogen) 7.0 14.0 28.0 P.sub.2O.sub.5 (Available Phosphorus) 3.5 7.0 14.0 K.sub.2O (Potash) 7.0 14.0 28.0 Mg (Magnesium) 0.053 0.105 0.210 B (Boron) 0.004 0.009 0.018 Cu (Copper) 0.004 0.009 0.018 Fe (Iron) 0.018 0.035 0.070 Mn (Manganese) 0.009 0.018 0.035 Mo (Molybdenum) 0.002 0.004 0.007 Zn (Zinc) 0.009 0.018 0.035 S (Sulfur) 0.069 0.138 0.276

[0066] The 20-10-20 fertilizer was dissolved with water at 16.65% w/w fertilizer and 83.35% w/w water to promote homogeneity in the fertilizer. The study was carried out for 16 days with treatments being applied at emergence on day 4 and on day 12.

[0067] Data was analyzed for nutrient assimilation and dry biomass for roots and shoots. Nine (9) replications for each treatment were evaluated for dry biomass. Samples were grouped by 3 for nutrient analysis completed by A&L laboratories in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

[0068] Data shown is total dry biomass (FIG. 8), percent change in micronutrient assimilation compared to control (FIG. 9), total zinc uptake (FIG. 10), total manganese uptake (FIG. 11), total iron uptake (FIG. 12), total copper uptake (FIG. 13), total boron uptake (FIG. 14), and total aluminum uptake (FIG. 15). All values in parentheses represent the percent difference comparing the assimilation of nutrients after the baseline control is subtracted.

TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 DRY SHOOT AND ROOT BIOMASS AT 0 PPM NITROGEN Composition 0 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Dry Shoot (g) 0.1561 0.1535 0.1170 0.1219 0.1394 Dry Root (g) 0.0948 0.0913 0.0719 0.0789 0.0769 Total Dry (g) 0.2510 0.2449 0.1889 0.2008 0.2163

TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 DRY SHOOT AND ROOT BIOMASS AT 50 PPM NITROGEN Composition 0 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Dry Shoot (g) 0.1168 0.1436 0.1305 0.1455 0.1737 Dry Root (g) 0.0778 0.0819 0.0842 0.0861 0.0950 Total Dry (g) 0.1946 0.2255 0.2148 0.2317 0.2688 (54.81%) (35.39%) (65.71%) (131.47%)

TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 DRY SHOOT AND ROOT BIOMASS AT 100 PPM NITROGEN Composition 0 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Dry Shoot (g) 0.1414 0.1161 0.1153 0.1224 0.1551 Dry Root (g) 0.0903 0.0778 0.0699 0.0733 0.0880 Total Dry (g) 0.2317 0.1939 0.1852 0.1957 0.2431 (?195.23%) (?240.46%) (?185.92%) (59.02%)

TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 DRY SHOOT AND ROOT BIOMASS AT 200 PPM NITROGEN Composition 0 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Dry Shoot (g) 0.1152 0.2142 0.1361 0.1535 0.1599 Dry Root (g) 0.0807 0.0888 0.0778 0.0731 0.0798 Total Dry (g) 0.1960 0.3030 0.2139 0.2266 0.2397 (194.41%) (32.55%) (55.56%) (79.47%)

[0069] FIG. 8 is a graph of the results of Tables 32-35. In most instances, the addition of the Composition with fertilizer resulted in an increase in biomass when compared to the fertilizer without the Composition.

TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 NUTRIENT UPTAKE (mg) AT 0 PPM NITROGEN Composition Zn Mn Fe Cu B Al 0 ppm 0.0689 0.10594 0.1582 0.0115 0.0080 0.0989 20 ppm 0.0498 0.0960 0.1306 0.0082 0.0066 0.0782 50 ppm 0.0387 0.0876 0.0845 0.0135 0.0051 0.0821 100 ppm 0.0412 0.1145 0.0921 0.0126 0.0058 0.0887 200 ppm 0.0441 0.1286 0.0910 0.0098 0.0063 0.0832

TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 NUTRIENT UPTAKE (mg) AT 50 PPM NITROGEN Composition Zn Mn Fe Cu B Al 0 ppm 0.0403 0.10595 0.0845 0.0160 0.0056 0.0760 20 ppm 0.0436 0.1149 0.0914 0.0170 0.0061 0.0741 (78.33%) (175807%) (46.83%) (97.45%) (80.3%) (82.17%) 50 ppm 0.0436 0.1199 0.0887 0.0117 0.0056 0.0697 (116.97%) (302356%) (105.67%) (?139.26%) (119.56%) (45.54%) 100 ppm 0.0449 0.1225 0.0956 0.0153 0.0065 0.0863 (112.89%) (75227%) (104.66%) (?40.39%) (127.47%) (89.69%) 200 ppm 0.0497 0.1468 0.1130 0.0177 0.0075 0.1058 (119.55%) (170741%) (129.92%) (77.11%) (151.87%) (198.76%)

TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 NUTRIENT UPTAKE (mg) AT 100 PPM NITROGEN Composition Zn Mn Fe Cu B Al 0 ppm 0.0414 0.1101 0.0902 0.0151 0.0065 0.0859 20 ppm 0.0390 0.0968 0.0912 0.0130 0.0060 0.0808 (60.91%) (?82.29%) (42.06%) (32.06%) (64.14%) (120.22%) 50 ppm 0.0351 0.0924 0.0722 0.0106 0.0054 0.0669 (86.92%) (15.66%) (82.01%) (?180.5%) (118.75%) (?17.59%) 100 ppm 0.0409 0.0945 0.0808 0.0126 0.0067 0.0785 (98.99%) (?575.18%) (83.32%) (?102.24%) (156.17%) (21.06%) 200 ppm 0.0474 0.1181 0.0951 0.0139 0.0078 0.0821 (112.15%) (?347.87%) (106.03%) (14.66%) (198.76%) (91.49%)

TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 NUTRIENT UPTAKE (mg) AT 200 PPM NITROGEN Composition Zn Mn Fe Cu B Al 0 ppm 0.0378 0.0918 0.0858 0.0106 0.0057 0.0594 20 ppm 0.0579 0.1406 0.1254 0.0182 0.0091 0.0939 (125.98%) (414.38%) (92.87%) (1186.35%) (209.65%) (139.89%) 50 ppm 0.0435 0.0976 0.0838 0.0149 0.0065 0.0757 (115.43%) (170.74%) (99.10%) (258.78%) (159.19%) (83.63%) 100 ppm 0.0497 0.1150 0.0960 0.0134 0.0073 0.0900 (127.29%) (103.78%) (105.34%) (182.56%) (163.33%) (103.19%) 200 ppm 0.0481 0.1101 0.1039 0.0127 0.0069 0.0828 (113.02%) (?30.59%) (117.87%) (421.65%) (126.50%) (99.15%)

TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 NUTRIENT UPTAKE DIFFERENCE COMPARED TO CONTROL AT 0 PPM N 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.4515 0.3283 0.3493 0.2910 (?27.27%) (?22.64%) (?35.54%) 20 ppm 0.3694 0.3470 0.3268 0.4451 (?6.05%) (?11.53%) (20.49%) 50 ppm 0.3115 0.3391 0.2826 0.3220 (8.88%) (?9.26%) (3.38%) 100 ppm 0.3549 0.3711 0.3138 0.3713 (4.54%) (?11.58%) (4.61%) 200 ppm 0.3629 0.4405 0.3644 0.3646 (21.39%) (0.41%) (0.47%)

[0070] FIG. 9 illustrates the results of Table 40. In most instances, the addition of the Composition with fertilizer resulted in an increase in biomass when compared to the fertilizer without the Composition. The nutrient uptake for Tables 36-40 is mg/plant set, where a set is used in these Tables to mean 3 plants. When a plant absorbs nutrients, there is often competition as to which nutrients are absorbed. This can cause a negative % difference for one or more micro- or macro-nutrients when multiple nutrients are applied concurrently and/or present in the soil in meaningful amounts. This effect can be minimized by applying fewer types of nutrients at one time. Moreover, for each fertilizer N ppm concentration set, even with multiple micronutrients data is provided herein that showed positive percentage differences and demonstrated that reduced amounts of micronutrients can be present in the fertilizer being applied but having the effective of a much larger percentage of that micronutrient since more will be assimilated into the plant due to the stability and uptake boost of the presently disclosed compositions. When a data point for a nutrient in a given amount has a percent difference of 100% (or greater) when mixed with the inventive composition, this means one can use 1 lb. of fertilizer with that nutrient and it will have the same effect on the plant as if 2 lbs. had been used, thereby reducing the cost by half and minimizing any environmental effects of greater fertilizer usage at the same time. These percentages are calculated as follows:

[00001]$\left(\frac{\begin{array}{c}((\mathrm{Inventive}\mathrm{Blend}\mathrm{at}NPPM-\\ 0\mathrm{ppm}\mathrm{Control}\mathrm{for}\mathrm{Inventive}\mathrm{Blend})-\\ \left(N\mathrm{ppm}-0\mathrm{ppm}\mathrm{Control}\right))\end{array}}{\left(\mathrm{Absolute}\left(N\mathrm{ppm}-0\mathrm{ppm}\mathrm{Control}\right)\right)}\right)?100=\%\mathrm{Diff}$

TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 TOTAL ZINC UPTAKE (mg/3 plants) 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.0689 0.0403 0.0414 0.0378 20 ppm 0.0498 0.0436 0.0390 0.0579 (78.33%) (60.91%) (125.98%) 50 ppm 0.0387 0.0436 0.0351 0.0435 (116.97%) (86.92%) (115.43%) 100 ppm 0.0412 0.0449 0.0409 0.0497 (112.89%) (98.99%) (127.29%) 200 ppm 0.0441 0.0497 0.0474 0.0481 (119.55%) (112.15%) (113.02%)

[0071] FIG. 10 illustrates the results of Table 41. Generally, the addition of fertilizer showed less uptake by the plants without the Composition. With the Composition, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake, making the fertilizer more available to the plant.

TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 TOTAL MANGANESE UPTAKE (mg/3 plants) 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.1059 0.1059 0.1101 0.0918 20 ppm 0.0960 0.1149 0.0968 0.1406 (175807%) (?82.29%) (414.38%) 50 ppm 0.0876 0.1199 0.0924 0.0976 (302356%) (15.66%) (170.74%) 100 ppm 0.1145 0.1225 0.0945 0.1150 (75227%) (?575.18%) (103.78%) 200 ppm 0.1286 0.1468 0.1181 0.1101 (170741%) (?347.87%) (?30.59%)

[0072] FIG. 11 illustrates the results of Table 42. Generally, the addition of fertilizer showed less uptake by the plants without the Composition. With the Composition, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake, making the fertilizer more available to the plant.

TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 TOTAL IRON UPTAKE (mg/3 plants) 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.1582 0.0845 0.0902 0.0858 20 ppm 0.1306 0.0914 0.0912 0.1254 (46.83%) (42.06%) (92.87%) 50 ppm 0.0845 0.0887 0.0722 0.0838 (105.67%) (82.01%) (99.10%) 100 ppm 0.0921 0.0956 0.0808 0.0960 (104.66%) (83.32%) (105.34%) 200 ppm 0.0910 0.1130 0.0951 0.1039 (129.92%) (106.03%) (117.87%)

[0073] FIG. 12 illustrates the results of Table 43. Generally, the addition of fertilizer showed less uptake by the plants without the Composition. With the Composition, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake, making the fertilizer more available to the plant.

TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 TOTAL COPPER UPTAKE (mg/3 plants) 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.0115 0.0160 0.0151 0.0106 20 ppm 0.0082 0.0170 0.0130 0.0182 (97.45%) (32.06%) (1186.35%) 50 ppm 0.0135 0.0117 0.0106 0.0149 (?139.26%) (?180.5%) (258.78%) 100 ppm 0.0126 0.0153 0.0126 0.0134 (?40.39%) (?102.24%) (182.56%) 200 ppm 0.0098 0.0177 0.0139 0.0127 (77.11%) (14.66%) (421.65%)

[0074] FIG. 13 illustrates the results of Table 44. Generally, the addition of fertilizer showed less uptake by the plants without the Composition. With the Composition, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake, making the fertilizer more available to the plant.

TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 TOTAL BORON UPTAKE (mg/3 plants) 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.0080 0.0056 0.0065 0.0057 20 ppm 0.0066 0.0061 0.0060 0.0091 (80.3%) (64.14%) (209.65%) 50 ppm 0.0051 0.0056 0.0054 0.0065 (119.56%) (118.75%) (159.19%) 100 ppm 0.0058 0.0065 0.0067 0.0073 (127.47%) (156.17%) (163.33%) 200 ppm 0.0063 0.0075 0.0078 0.0069 (151.87%) (198.76%) (126.50%)

[0075] FIG. 14 illustrates the results of Table 45. Generally, the addition of fertilizer showed less uptake by the plants without the Composition. With the Composition, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake, making the fertilizer more available to the plant.

TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 TOTAL ALUMINUM UPTAKE (mg/3 plants) 0 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm Composition nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen 0 ppm 0.0989 0.0760 0.0859 0.0594 20 ppm 0.0782 0.0741 0.0808 0.0939 (82.17%) (120.22%) (139.89%) 50 ppm 0.0821 0.0697 0.0669 0.0757 (45.54%) (?17.59%) (83.63%) 100 ppm 0.0887 0.0863 0.0785 0.0900 (89.69%) (21.06%) (103.19%) 200 ppm 0.0832 0.1058 0.0821 0.0828 (198.76%) (91.49%) (99.15%)

[0076] FIG. 15 illustrates the results of Table 46. Generally, the addition of fertilizer showed less uptake by the plants without the Composition. With the Composition, there was an improvement in nutrient uptake, making the fertilizer more available to the plant.

[0077] In one embodiment, an exemplary composition is provided below in Table 47:

TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 EXEMPLARY COMPOSITION Example Density of Raw Blend Material Raw Material (w/w %) (lb/gal) SymMAX? supramolecular 37.750 8.34 host water mixture 93-95% Sulfuric Acid 1.200 15.26 Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate 2.830 19.07 Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate 20.400 29.52 SymMAX? supramolecular 37.815 8.34 host water mixture.sup.6

[0078] In this embodiment, the supramolecular guest/host chemical coupled with solvent is present in an amount of about 74 to 80 weight percent of the composition, a micronutrient source includes copper sulfate in an amount of about 2.5 to 3 weight percent of the composition, and zinc sulfate in an amount of about 18 to 22 weight percent of the composition, and an agricultural additive including sulfuric acid is present in an amount of about 0.75 to 1.5 weight percent. The agricultural composition can be provided at a concentration of 2 to 8 mL per gallon of fertilizer, for example, or to plants in an amount of 4 to 65 ounces per acre.

[0079] Although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many other modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the present invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the following claims.