AN EXTENDABLE NEEDLE DAVIT ASSEMBLY

Abstract

An extendable needle davit assembly has an extendable beam comprising a fixed beam portion, and a telescopic beam portion slidably receivable within a distal end of the fixed beam portion. An intermediate lateral bracing frame holds the extendable beam at an angle. The fixed beam portion is a single-piece construction, and a proximal end of the fixed beam portion is anchored. An upper end of the bracing frame is attached to a distal attachment point of the fixed beam portion, such that a distal portion of the fixed beam portion extends beyond the bracing frame. A lower portion of the bracing frame is attached to a proximal attachment point of the fixed beam portion by means of a rear brace.

Claims

1. An extendable needle davit assembly comprising: an extendable beam inclined from an anchor; and an intermediate lateral bracing frame, wherein the extendable beam comprises: a fixed beam portion between the anchor and the intermediate lateral bracing frame, wherein an upper end of the bracing frame is attached to a distal attachment point of the fixed beam portion, and a telescopic beam portion, wherein the telescopic beam portion slidably receivable within a distal end of the fixed beam portion and extendable beyond the intermediate lateral bracing frame, and wherein a lower portion of the bracing frame is attached to a proximal attachment point of the fixed beam portion by means of a rear brace.

2. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear brace has a fixed length.

3. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end of the bracing frame is bifurcated and open-ended and wherein the fixed beam portion inserts between the bifurcated portions at the distal attachment point.

4. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein a locating pin fits through the bifurcated portions and the fixed beam portion therebetween.

5. The assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a proximal end of the brace is bifurcated and open-ended and wherein the fixed beam portion slots in between bifurcated portions at the proximal attachment point.

6. The assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein a locking pin fits through the bifurcated portions and the fixed beam portion therebetween.

7. The assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the bracing frame is bifurcated and wherein a distal end of the rear brace inserts between bifurcated portions thereof for attachment.

8. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein a locating pin fits through the bifurcated portions and the distal end of the rear brace therebetween.

9. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bracing frame, rear brace and fixed beam portion are attached using three locating pins.

10. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein attachments between the bracing frame, rear brace and fixed beam portion comprise bifurcated portions, between which respective portions of the bracing frame, rear brace and fixed beam portion insert and are retained with respective locating pins.

11. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anchor is a swivel anchor.

12. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 11, wherein the bracing frame comprises a base member orientated orthogonally with respect to the extendable beam, and wherein the base member is not anchored so that the bracing frame can be lifted with the extendable beam, as the extendable beam swivels with respect to the anchor.

13. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the telescopic beam portion is slidable with respect to the fixed beam portion, between an extended position and a retracted position and wherein, in the retracted position, a proximal end of the telescopic beam does not cross the distal attachment point.

14. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 13, wherein the telescopic beam portion and the fixed beam portion comprise a series of apertures, which collocate at more than one position of the telescopic beam portion with respect to the fixed beam portion for a locating pin.

15. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the telescopic beam portion is slidable with respect to the fixed beam portion, between an extended position and a retracted position and wherein, in the retracted position a proximal end of the telescopic beam crosses the distal attachment point.

16. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the telescopic beam portion and the fixed beam portion comprise a series of apertures, which collocate at more than one position of the telescopic beam portion with respect to the fixed beam portion for a locating pin.

17. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein, in the extended position, the proximal end of the telescopic beam crosses the distal attachment point.

18. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 17, wherein the telescopic beam portion and the fixed beam portion comprise a series of apertures which collocate at more than one position of the telescopic beam portion with respect to the fixed beam portion for a locating pin, and wherein the telescopic beam portion comprises a further series of apertures for a further locating pin which fits through the upper end of the bracing frame, the fixed beam portion and the telescopic beam portion at the distal attachment point.

19. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear brace is substantially orthogonal with respect to the lateral bracing frame.

20. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a locating pin and wherein the locating pin comprises a shaft defining a major straight section and an angled minor end.

21. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 20, wherein the straight section of the locating pin fits through transversely orientated collocating apertures through the fixed beam portion and the telescopic beam portion.

22. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 20, wherein a distal end of the locating pin shaft is secured using a locking pin and retaining ring.

23. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 22, wherein the retaining ring and angled end of the locating pin shaft are secured by means of a short wire lanyard, threaded over or under the fixed beam portion and the telescopic beam portion.

24. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a distal end of the telescopic beam portion supports a rope guide attachment bracket.

25. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 24, wherein the rope guide attachment bracket comprises a pair of plates secured either side of the distal end of the telescopic beam portion.

26. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 24, wherein the rope guide attachment bracket has a locating pin inserted through corresponding apertures thereof.

27. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a proximal end of the fixed beam portion is anchored from a rear mount, and wherein the rear mount engages a rigid rail secured to a surface.

28. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 27, wherein a mounting plate engages the rigid rail, and is attached to a proximal end of the fixed beam portion by means of a swivel bracket.

29. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 28, wherein the mounting plate is right-angled.

30. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 28, wherein the mounting plate can engage at various positions along the rigid rail for locating and adjusting the extendable needle davit assembly by means of the swivel bracket.

31. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 30, wherein the mounting plate is engaged by roller bearings within the rigid rail.

32. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed beam portion and telescopic beam portion comprise substantially hour-glass cross-sectional profiles.

33. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rear connection bracket defining primary rear attachment apertures.

34. The davit assembly as claimed in claim 33, further comprising a swivel bracket defining secondary rear attachment apertures.

35. A method of adjusting the extendable needle davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising adjusting the longitudinal offset of the telescopic beam portion with respect to the fixed beam portion, without repositioning the bracing frame.

36. The method as claimed in claim 35, further comprising the apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the method comprises manipulating only the locating pin without manipulating any other locating pins to adjust the longitudinal offset.

37. The method as claimed in claim 35, further comprising the apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein the method further comprises manipulating the locating pin and the further locating pin to adjust the longitudinal offset.

38. A method of assembling and constructing the extendable needle davit assembly as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising: attaching a proximal end of the fixed beam portion to the anchor; inserting a proximal end of the telescopic beam portion into a distal end of the fixed beam portion; attaching the fixed beam portion and the bracing frame at the distal attachment point; attaching the rear brace between the lower portion of the bracing frame and the proximal attachment point of the fixed beam portion; swivelling the davit assembly around the anchor towards a building parapet or structure edge, such that the bracing frame lifts and moves with the extendable beam into position; and extending the telescopic beam portion with respect to the fixed beam portion without repositioning the bracing frame, such that a distal end of the telescopic beam portion extends over the building parapet or structure edge.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0023] FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of an extendable needle davit assembly in accordance with an embodiment;

[0024] FIG. 2 shows an assembled perspective view of the davit assembly;

[0025] FIG. 3 shows a symmetrical left and right side view of the davit assembly;

[0026] FIG. 4 shows a top plan view of the davit assembly;

[0027] FIG. 5 shows a distal end view of the davit assembly;

[0028] FIG. 6 shows an exploded perspective view of a rear mount in accordance with an embodiment;

[0029] FIG. 7 shows an assembled perspective view of a rear mount in accordance with an embodiment;

[0030] FIG. 8 shows a magnified perspective view of a distal portion of both the structural and extension beams;

[0031] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the extension beam in accordance with an embodiment;

[0032] FIG. 10 shows a symmetrical side view of a rear mount in accordance with an embodiment;

[0033] FIG. 11 shows a symmetrical side view of a rear mount in accordance with a further embodiment;

[0034] FIG. 12 shows a symmetrical side view of a rear mount in accordance with a yet further embodiment;

[0035] FIG. 13 shows a locating pin in accordance with an embodiment;

[0036] FIG. 14 shows a common bolt fastener in accordance with an embodiment;

[0037] FIGS. 15-17 illustrate assembly and deployment of the present extendable needle davit assembly;

[0038] FIG. 18 shows an example embodiment of the davit assembly having a 400 mm high bracing frame;

[0039] FIG. 19 shows an example embodiment of the davit assembly having an 800 mm high bracing frame; and

[0040] FIG. 20 shows an example embodiment of the davit assembly having a 1200 mm high bracing frame.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0041] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 an extendable needle davit assembly 100 comprises an extendable beam 101 comprising a fixed beam portion 101B and a telescopic beam portion 101A.

[0042] Given the orientation of FIG. 3 for orientational referencing, proximal is at or towards the right of the davit assembly 100, and distal is at or towards the left.

[0043] The telescopic beam portion 101A is slidably receivable within a distal end of the fixed beam portion 101B.

[0044] The davit assembly 100 further comprises an intermediate lateral bracing frame 104.

[0045] Furthermore, a proximal end of the fixed beam portion 101B is anchored to an anchor, such as from a rear mount 103 in embodiments.

[0046] The bracing frame 104 may be of an all-welded construction, comprising RHS section aluminium extrusion members. An upper end 140 of the bracing frame 104 is attached to a distal attachment point 141 of the fixed beam portion 101B. A distal portion 142 of the fixed beam portion 101B may extend beyond the bracing frame 104.

[0047] The fixed beam portion 101B is non-telescopic, thereby conferring structural integrity between the anchor 103 and the distal attachment point 141. Preferably, the fixed beam portion 101B is a single piece construction and, in this regard, may be formed from an extrusion process and may further comprise aluminium.

[0048] A lower portion 143 of the bracing frame 104 is attached to a proximal attachment point 144 of the fixed beam portion 101B via a rear brace 129.

[0049] The positioning of the bracing frame 104 is preferably such that a ratio of the rear span (between the distal attachment point 141 and the proximal end 150 of the fixed beam portion 101B), to the cantilever span (between the distal attachment point 141 and a distal end of the telescopic beam portion 101A), is a minimum of 1.5.

[0050] Preferably, the rear brace 129 is of fixed length.

[0051] Preferably, the upper end 140 of the bracing frame 104 is bifurcated and open-ended, and wherein the fixed beam portion 101B slots between the bifurcated portions 145 thereof for attachment.

[0052] An intermediate locating pin 110B may fit through the bifurcated portions 145 and the fixed beam portion 101B therebetween.

[0053] Furthermore, a proximal end 146 of the rear brace 129 may also be bifurcated and open-ended, and wherein the fixed beam portion 101B slots between the bifurcated portions of attachment bracket 130. A proximal locating pin 110C may fit through the bifurcated portions and the fixed beam portion 101B therebetween. The rear brace 129 is of an all-welded construction comprising a pair of RHS section aluminium extrusion members 147, with an attachment bracket 130 comprising a pair of aluminium plates welded thereto at the proximal end 146 thereof to form the bifurcated portions.

[0054] The lower portion 143 of the bracing frame 104 may further be bifurcated and wherein a distal end 148 of the rear brace 129 inserts between the bifurcated portions 149 thereof. A lower locating pin 110D may fit through the bifurcated portions 149 and the distal end 148 of the rear brace 129 therebetween. As shown in FIG. 3, the rear brace 129 may be substantially orthogonal with respect to the lateral bracing frame 104 to enhance structural integrity.

[0055] According to the above configuration, the lateral bracing frame 104, rear brace 129 and fixed beam portion 101B may be attachable using only three locating pins 110B, 110C and 110D.

[0056] As shown in FIGS. 7, 12 and 17, the proximal end 150 of the inclined extendable beam 101 may be anchored using a swivel bracket 123.

[0057] Furthermore, the bracing frame 104 may comprise a base member 107 which is not attached to the surface 102. In the embodiment shown, the base member 107 of the bracing frame 104 may be longitudinal and orientated orthogonally with respect to the extendable beam 101, and from which a pair of upright members 108 extend perpendicularly, thereby defining the aforedescribed bifurcated portions 145 and 149, for the attachment of the fixed beam portion 101B and the distal end 148 of the rear brace 129 respectively. Angled side brace members 109 may brace the upper end 140 of the bracing frame 104 from both ends of the base member 107.

[0058] Because the base member 107 is not anchored to the surface 102, the bracing frame 104 can be lifted with the extendable beam 101, as the extendable beam 101 swivels with respect to the swivel bracket 123.

[0059] With reference to FIG. 3, the telescopic beam portion 101A is slidable with respect to the fixed beam portion 101B between an extended position 132 and a retracted position 131.

[0060] FIGS. 2 and 16 show an embodiment wherein the telescopic beam portion 101A is relatively shorter. In accordance with this embodiment, in the retracted position 131 a proximal end 152 of the telescopic beam portion 101A does not cross the distal attachment point 141 of the fixed beam portion 101B. As such, the length of the extendable beam 101 may be reconfigured by manipulating only one distal locating pin 110A between the telescopic beam portion 101A and the fixed beam portion 101B, without manipulating the intermediate locating pin 110B at the distal attachment point 141.

[0061] In accordance with this embodiment, the telescopic beam portion 101A and the fixed beam portion 101B may comprise a distal series of apertures 133, which collocate at more than one position of the telescopic beam portion 101A with respect to the fixed beam portion 101B, for the distal locating pin 110A to be inserted therethrough.

[0062] FIGS. 1 and 15 however show an alternative embodiment wherein the telescopic beam portion 101A is relatively longer. In accordance with this embodiment, in the retracted position 131 the proximal end 152 of the telescopic beam portion 101A does cross the distal attachment point 141. In embodiments, the telescopic beam portion 101A may be sufficiently long, so that even in the extended position 132 the proximal end 152 of the telescopic beam portion 101A crosses the distal attachment point 141.

[0063] In accordance with this embodiment, the extendable needle davit assembly 100 has further reach, and wherein the offset of the telescopic beam portion 101A may be adjusted with respect to the fixed beam portion 101B, by manipulating both the distal locating pin 110A between the telescopic beam portion 101A and the fixed beam portion 101B, and the intermediate locating pin 110B at the distal attachment point 141.

[0064] In accordance with this embodiment, the telescopic beam portion 101A and the fixed beam portion 101B may comprise a further series of apertures 134 which collocate at more than one position of the telescopic beam portion 101A with respect to the fixed beam portion 101B, for the intermediate locating pin 110B to be inserted therethrough. As such, the intermediate locating pin 110B inserts through the bifurcated portions 145 of the upper end 140 of the bracing frame 104, the distal attachment point 141 of the fixed beam portion 101B and the collocating apertures 134 of the telescopic beam portion 101A.

[0065] The extendable needle davit assembly 100 may be quickly assembled, constructed and positioned over a building parapet or structure edge, in the manner shown in FIGS. 15 to 17.

[0066] Specifically, FIG. 15 shows wherein the proximal end 150 of the fixed beam portion 101B is attached to the swivel bracket 123. The telescopic beam portion 101A can then be inserted into the open distal portion 142 of the fixed beam portion 101B.

[0067] FIG. 16 shows the rear brace 129 attached to the bracing frame 104, by slotting the distal end 148 of the rear brace 129 between the lower bifurcated portions 149 of the bracing frame 104, and inserting the lower locating pin 110D therethrough.

[0068] The fixed beam portion 101B can then easily be slotted into the connection plates 130 of rear brace 129, and between the bifurcated portions 145 of bracing frame 104, and wherein the respective proximal and intermediate locating pins 110C and 110B, are inserted through the respective proximal and distal attachment points 144 and 141.

[0069] FIG. 17 shows wherein the constructed extendable needle davit assembly 100 can then be swivelled about the swivel bracket 123, and positioned over the building parapet or structure edge 153.

[0070] The telescopic beam portion 101A may then be drawn out to the extended position 132 by manipulating the distal locating pin 110A, without having to reposition the bracing frame 104.

[0071] FIG. 13 shows an embodiment wherein the locating pin 110 takes the form of a hand-operable locating pin 110 suited for quick release, whereas FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment wherein the locating pin 110 takes the form of a locking bolt 106 for a more permanent installation.

[0072] As shown in FIG. 13 the locating pin 110 comprises a shaft 111, locking pin 112 and safety device 114, retaining ring and short wire lanyard 113.

[0073] According to the configuration of FIG. 13, the locating pin 110 has a minor end 154 angled from the shaft 111, and a distal end 155 which is secured by a locking pin 112 therethrough. The locating pin 110 in accordance with this embodiment, may be used for the series of distal or proximal apertures 133 or 134 respectively, collocating between the telescopic beam portion 101A and the fixed beam portion 101B, for quick release and rapid adjustment of the length of the extendable beam 101.

[0074] As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the shaft 111 of locating pin 110 may be inserted through the collocating apertures 133 or 134. Once through, the distal end 155 of the shaft 111 may be secured by means of the locking pin 112 and a retaining ring and short wire lanyard 113. The distal end 155 and angled minor end 154 of the shaft 111, may be secured by means of the retaining ring and short wire lanyard 113 threaded over or under the extendable beam 101. A safety device 114 secured to the extendable beam 101 may secure the short wire lanyard 113.

[0075] Alternatively, FIG. 14 shows wherein the locating pin 110 takes the form of a locking bolt 106, and wherein a distal end 155 of the shaft 115 is secured with a nut 117 and interfacing washer 116. A split pin 118 may go through the distal end 155 of the shaft 115 to prevent unscrewing of the nut 117. The locking bolt 106 in accordance with this further embodiment may be used to more permanently interface the bracing frame 104 to the fixed beam portion 101B, and the rear brace 129 between the bracing frame 104 and the fixed beam portion 101B.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 9, a distal end of the telescopic beam portion 101A may support a rope guide attachment bracket 105. The rope guide attachment bracket 105 may comprise a pair of plates secured either side of the distal end of the telescopic beam portion 101A and have a locking pin 110 inserted through corresponding holes thereof and comprising an access rope guide thereby.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 8, the telescopic beam portion 101A and the fixed beam portion 101B may comprise interfacing hour-glass cross-sectional profiles which enhance structural integrity, prevent rotation between the respective proximal and distal portions, and provide flat surfaces 156 for insertion of the locating pins 110 therethrough.

[0078] FIGS. 6 and 7 show respective rigid guide rail type rear mounts 103 in accordance with respective embodiments of low profile and conventional profile rigid rails. The rear mounts 103 may engage the respective rigid guide rail types 119 secured to the surface 102 by fixing brackets 120 at pre-determined intervals.

[0079] A right-angled mounting plate 121 may engage through the open guide channels 122 in the respective rigid guide rail types 119 therealong, and be attached to a proximal end of the extendable beam 101B by means of a swivel bracket 123. A bolt fastener 135 may secure the swivel bracket 123 to the mounting plate 121 by being inserted through the collocating central holes therein. The bolt fastener 135 may further have a flat washer and a locknut.

[0080] The mounting plate 121 may further engage at various positions along the respective rigid guide rail types 119, for locating and adjusting the extendable needle davit assembly 100 via the swivel bracket 123. A locking bolt 106 may secure the swivel bracket 123 to the proximal end of the fixed beam portion 101B by being inserted through the collocating holes therein. The locking bolt 106 may further have an interfacing washer 116, a nut 117 and a split pin 118.

[0081] FIG. 7 shows the extendable needle davit assembly 100 comprising a rear connection bracket 124 defining primary rear attachment apertures 125, for tethering conventional safety hardware such as carabiners and lanyards.

[0082] As further shown in FIG. 7, the mounting plate 121 may define secondary rear attachment apertures 126, for tethering carabiners and lanyards attached to a safety container, housing tools and equipment for rope access operations. Structural bolts 127 with flat washers and locknuts may secure the rear connection bracket 124 to a proximal end of the fixed beam portion 101B.

[0083] Different types of rear mounts 103 for various mounting options to a surface 102 are shown in FIGS. 10 to 12.

[0084] FIG. 10 shows details of a rear mount 103A mounting option shown in FIG. 7, and may be similar to the rear mount 103B, but wherein the rigid guide rail type 119 defines a conventional profile as compared to the low profile as shown in FIG. 11.

[0085] FIG. 11 shows details of a rear mount 103B mounting option shown in FIG. 6, but further wherein the mounting plate 121 may be engaged by roller bearings 128 within the open guide channel 122 of the rigid guide rail type 119 defining a low profile.

[0086] FIG. 12 shows a further rear mount 103C wherein the swivel bracket 123 is affixed directly to a surface 102. For example, the swivel bracket 123 may be affixed directly to a concrete surface using a concrete anchor.

[0087] FIG. 18 shows an exemplary embodiment of the extendable needle davit assembly 100, having a 400 mm high bracing frame 104. In this embodiment, the apparatus is devoid of the rear brace 129. The calculated vertical and horizontal forces for different cantilever lengths are tabulated as follows:

TABLE-US-00001 BACK FRAME CANTILEVER SPAN UTL Point A Point B Point C HEIGHT LENGTH (m) (m) LOAD Vx (kN) Py (kN) Vx (kN) Py (kN) Vx (kN) Py (kN) 400 mm 1000 1800 12 0.50 ?6.60 ?0.50 18.10 ?0.10 0.40 2400 12 0.70 ?4.90 ?0.60 16.50 ?0.10 0.40 3000 12 0.80 ?3.90 ?0.80 15.60 ?0.10 0.40 400 mm 1200 1800 12 0.60 ?8.00 ?0.60 19.40 ?0.10 0.40 2400 12 0.80 ?5.90 ?0.70 17.50 ?0.10 0.40 3000 12 1.00 ?4.70 ?0.90 16.30 ?0.10 0.40 400 mm 1500 2250 12 0.70 ?8.00 ?0.60 19.20 ?0.10 0.40 3000 12 0.90 ?6.00 ?0.80 17.30 ?0.10 0.40 3750 12 1.10 ?4.80 ?1.00 16.20 ?0.10 0.40

[0088] FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of the extendable needle davit assembly 100, having an 800 mm high bracing frame 104. The calculated vertical and horizontal forces for different cantilever lengths are tabulated as follows:

TABLE-US-00002 BACK FRAME CANTILEVER SPAN UTL Point A Point B Point C HEIGHT LENGTH (m) (m) LOAD Vx (kN) Py (kN) Vx (kN) Py (kN) Vx (kN) Py (kN) 800 mm 1200 1800 12 7.30 ?7.20 ?7.30 17.60 ?0.10 1.00 2400 12 8.70 ?5.30 ?8.70 15.90 ?0.10 0.90 3000 12 10.00 ?4.10 ?10.00 14.90 ?0.10 0.90 800 mm 1500 2250 12 7.70 ?7.10 ?7.70 17.60 ?0.10 1.00 3000 12 7.90 ?5.30 ?7.80 16.10 ?0.10 0.90 3700 12 11.30 ?4.10 ?11.20 15.10 ?0.30 0.90 800 mm 1800 2700 12 12.60 ?7.10 ?12.60 17.60 ?0.10 1.00 3600 12 15.60 ?5.10 ?15.50 15.80 ?0.10 1.00 4500 12 17.70 ?3.90 ?17.60 14.80 ?0.10 0.90

[0089] FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the extendable needle davit assembly 100, having a 1200 mm high bracing frame 104. The calculated vertical and horizontal forces for different cantilever lengths are tabulated as follows:

TABLE-US-00003 BACK FRAME CANTILEVER SPAN UTL Point A Point B Point C HEIGHT LENGTH (m) (m) LOAD Vx (kN) Py (kN) Vx (kN) Py (kN) Vx (kN) Py (kN) 1200 mm 1200 1800 12 3.60 ?8.40 ?3.60 18.80 0.00 1.90 2400 12 4.80 ?6.50 ?4.80 17.20 0.00 0.90 3000 12 6.10 ?5.30 ?6.10 16.10 0.00 0.90 1200 mm 1500 2250 12 3.40 ?7.00 ?3.40 17.80 0.00 0.90 3000 12 4.50 ?5.40 ?4.50 16.30 0.00 0.90 3700 12 5.40 ?4.30 ?5.30 15.40 ?0.10 0.80 1200 mm 1800 2700 12 4.60 ?7.60 ?4.60 18.40 0.00 1.00 3600 12 7.00 ?5.60 ?7.00 16.50 ?0.10 0.90 4500 12 9.20 ?4.30 ?9.20 15.40 ?0.10 0.90

[0090] The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that specific details are not required in order to practise the invention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, as obviously many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to best utilise the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the following claims and their equivalents define the scope of the invention.