HUMORAL ANTIBODY BIOMARKER FOR DETECTING ARTERY LESIONS, AND DETECTING CEREBROVASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER, DIABETES, CHRONIC NEPHROPATHY, OR SOLID CANCER
20240118288 ยท 2024-04-11
Assignee
- Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
- NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION CHIBA UNIVERSITY (Chiba-shi, Chiba, JP)
Inventors
- Hideyuki KURODA (Kuki-shi, JP)
- Rika NAKAMURA (Kuki-shi, JP)
- Go TOMIYOSHI (Kuki-shi, JP)
- Takaki HIWASA (Chiba-shi, JP)
Cpc classification
G01N33/57484
PHYSICS
G01N2800/042
PHYSICS
G01N2800/347
PHYSICS
G01N2800/2871
PHYSICS
International classification
Abstract
An object of the invention is to provide a comprehensive biomarker for artery lesions, and diabetes mellitus, heart disease, cerebrovascular disorder, cancer, kidney disease, etc., whose onset and progress can be suppressed by health care such as early diagnosis. The inventors have found that the object can be attained by determining the level of an antibody to protein KIAA0513 or a portion of the protein, the antibody being potentially present in a body fluid sample collected from a living body; and acquiring data showing a rise in the antibody level as data showing the presence of an artery lesion or the potential or actual presence of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorder, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or a solid cancer.
Claims
1. A method for acquiring data, the method comprising: determining a level of an antibody to a protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 which forms protein KIAA0513, or a portion of the protein, or to a protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 in which 10% or less of the amino acid residues (the decimal point being suppressed) are deleted, substituted, or added, or a portion of the protein, the antibody being potentially present in a body fluid sample collected from a living body; and acquiring data showing a rise in the antibody level as data showing the presence of an artery lesion.
2. A method for acquiring data, the method comprising: determining a level of an antibody to a protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 which forms protein KIAA0513, or a portion of the protein, or to a protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 in which 10% or less of the amino acid residues (the decimal point being suppressed) are deleted, substituted, or added, or a portion of the protein, the antibody being potentially present in a body fluid sample collected from a living body; and acquiring data showing a rise in the antibody level as data showing the potential or actual presence of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorder, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or a solid cancer.
3. The data acquisition method according to claim 2, wherein the data showing the potential or actual presence of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorder, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or a solid cancer are acquired as data concerning an artery lesion involved in the diseases.
4. The data acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a portion of the protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 has 10 to 301 amino acid residues.
5. The data acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the body fluid sample collected from a living body is a blood sample.
6. The data acquisition method according to claim 5, wherein the blood sample is a serum or plasma sample.
7. The data acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the antibody level is determined through immuno-chromatography, ELISA, AlphaLISA, indirect immunofluorescence, Western blotting (immunoblotting), turbidimetry, nephelometry, latex-coagulation turbidimetry, or CLEIA.
8. A kit for acquiring data, the kit being employed in carrying out the data acquisition method as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0055]
[0056]
[0057]
[0058]
[0059]
[0060]
[0061]
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(1) Data Acquisition Method of the Present Invention
(a) Data to be Acquired
[0062] The data acquired through the data acquisition method of the present invention 1 are data showing the presence of an artery lesion. The artery lesion corresponds to abnormality in the structure and components of an artery, and modes thereof include occlusion, expansion, and fistulation. The progress of artery lesion involves arteriosclerosis (atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, or medial sclerosis), anomalous angiogenesis in chronic inflammation or solid cancer, and other conditions. In many cases, arteriosclerosis is known to be triggered by progress of diabetes mellitus and obesity. Particularly, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders, chronic kidney disease, aortic aneurysm, retinopathy, feet gangrene, etc. are known to be triggered by progress of arteriosclerosis, in particular, atherosclerosis. Diabetes mellitus and obesity are also risk factors for solid cancers (colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, etc.). Thus, the data showing the presence of an artery lesion obtained by the data acquisition method of the present invention 1 may be employed as data showing the possibility of onset or progress of diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, solid cancer, etc. In addition, the data may also be employed as data showing the potential or actual presence of severe circulatory diseases such as cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders, chronic kidney disease, aortic aneurysm, retinopathy, and feet gangrene.
[0063] The data acquired through the data acquisition method of the present invention 2 are data showing the potential or actual presence of diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorder, chronic kidney disease, or solid cancers. Examples of the cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorder include cerebral infarction, cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris. Examples of the solid cancer include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and mammary cancer. The rise in the level of the humoral antibody to protein KIAA0513 can be employed as reliable data showing the potential or actual presence of esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, or lung cancer, particularly esophageal cancer. The data acquisition method of the present invention 2 often overlaps with the data acquisition method of the present invention 1.
[0064] For example, the onset of any of the aforementioned diseases in a subject can be accurately predicted by periodically conducting the data acquisition method of the present invention 1 or 2 on the patient, including monitoring of the level of the humoral antibody to protein KIAA0513. Particularly, once a subject has developed a severe circulatory disease such as cerebral infarction or myocardial infarction or a solid cancer, the life of the subject is endangered. Even if death is avoided, the subject may suffer a severe sequela. Therefore, prediction of the onset of such diseases is the best solution, and a humoral anti-KIAA0513 antibody marker may be employed as a biomarker for acquiring data concerning prediction of the onset.
[0065] When epidemic of a specific infection is recognized, the presence of a pre-existing condition, which is a factor for aggravation of the infection, is determined on the basis of the data acquired through the data acquisition method of the present invention 1 or 2. As a result, the patient suffering the infection can be more suitably treated. In the case where the obtained data indicate the presence of, for example, an artery lesion, the patient contracting the infection is preferentially hospitalized so as to prevent aggravation. In the case where the data indicate no artery lesions, the subject is made to stay at home, whereby hospital capacity including medical staff, beds, etc. can be effectively furnished. In this case, the infected subjects can be appropriately treated in accordance with their degree of aggravation risk. Thus, the risk of medical care breakdown, which would otherwise be caused by shortage of medical staff and beds due to epidemic of infection, can be reduced.
[0066] The aforementioned infection includes various viral diseases, bacterial diseases, etc. No particular limitation is imposed on the infection, so long as the presence of a pre-existing condition is an aggravation factor of the infection. Particularly in the case of infections in the respiratory system, which occasionally cause outbreak, the aggravation risk of the infections is desirably estimated by mass examination (screening). The present invention, which can be implemented in a simple mode (e.g., immunochromatography), is particularly suited for such mass examination. Examples of the aforementioned infections include, but are not limited to, respiratory system infections such as infections with beta-coronaviruses (for example, COVID-19, SARS, and MARS); infections with influenza viruses; and infections with RS virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, and the like.
(b) Body Fluid Sample Collected from Living Body
[0067] The term body fluid of a body fluid sample collected from a living body which is a target for data acquisition in the data acquisition method of the present invention, includes blood, lymph, or the like. The term sample refers to body fluid itself as collected from a body, or a processed product of the fluid. Among such body fluid samples, a blood sample is preferred. Examples of the blood sample include whole blood samples, serum samples, and plasma samples. Of these, serum samples and plasma samples are preferred, with serum samples being particularly preferred. The blood samples may undergo anti-clotting treatment (e.g., treatment with heparin) in advance.
(c) Humoral Antibody-Capturing Antigen (KIAA0513 Antigen)
[0068] In the data acquisition method of the present invention, protein KIAA0513 having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 is the basis for capturing a humoral antibody. The entirety or a portion of protein KIAA0513 may be used as a humoral antibody-capturing antigen. Furthermore, in order to establish a more efficient detection system, a shorter chain amino acid sequence (peptide) may be selected. In this case, the number of amino acids of the amino acid sequence is about 7 to about 30, more preferably about 10 to 20.
[0069] In the entirety or a portion of any of the amino acid sequences, 10% or less of the amino acid residues (the decimal point being suppressed) may undergo modification (deletion, substitution, or addition), so long as the target humoral antibody (i.e., a humoral antibody to protein KIAA0513 or to a peptide having a partial sequence thereof) can be captured. In other words, when the amino acid-modified antigen candidate for capturing a target humoral antibody is used for capturing the humoral antibody through, for example, a technique similar to the technique described in the Examples of the present specification, data concerning the target artery lesion or disease must be acquired on the basis of the level of the captured antibody.
[0070] The term deleting refers to deletion of any amino acid residue in the relevant amino acid sequence. The amino acid residue at the N-terminal side of the deleted amino acid residue and that at the C-terminal side of the deleted amino acid residue are linked via a peptide bond. In the case of deletion of the N-terminal amino acid residue or the C-terminal amino acid residue, no linkage is present. The number of deleted residues is counted as the number of amino acid deletions. The term substituting refers to substitution of any amino acid residue in the relevant amino acid sequence, with another amino acid residue. The new amino acid residue is linked to the amino acid residue at the N-terminal side thereof and that at the C-terminal side thereof via a peptide bond. In the case of substitution of the N-terminal side or C-terminal side amino acid residue, the amino acid residue is linked via a peptide bond to another C-terminal side or N-terminal side amino acid residue. The number of substituted residues is counted as the number of amino acid substitutions. The term adding refers to addition of one or more new amino acid residues to one or more peptide bond sites in the relevant amino acid sequence, to thereby form a new peptide bond(s). Addition of an amino acid residue to the C terminal or the N terminal is also encompassed in the concept addition. The number of added substituted amino acid residues is counted as the number of amino acid additions. Hereinafter, a protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 which forms protein KIAA0513, or a portion of the protein, or a protein having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 in which 10% or less of the amino acid residues (the decimal point being suppressed) are deleted, substituted, or added, or a portion of the protein is also referred to as a KIAA0513 antigen.
[0071] The KIAA0513 antigen having a specific amino acid sequence may be obtained through a customary method. In one specific procedure, based on the nucleotide sequence of the KIAA0513 gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, nucleic acid amplification primers for amplifying a double-strand DNA including the entirety or a portion of nucleotide sequence are designed. Through PCR or a similar technique employing the amplification primers, a gene amplification product is yielded as the entirety or a portion of the KIAA0513 gene. The amplification product is incorporated into a prokaryotic cell expression vector (e.g., pGEX-4T), and a transformant including the vector is selected. Expression of the entirety or a portion of the KIAA0513 gene is induced by adding a chemical agent such as IPTG (isopropyl-?-
[0072] If needed, a modification structure may be appropriately added to the protein or the peptide used as such a KIAA0513 antigen. For example, as mentioned hereinbelow, there may be employed a GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fused protein or peptide, a biotin-fused protein or peptide, etc., which are used in AlphaLISA (Amplified Luminescence Proximity Homogeneous Assay-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay).
(d) Specific Procedure of Data Acquisition
[0073] According to the data acquisition method of the present invention, the level of an antibody to the KIAA0513 antigen in a body fluid sample (e.g., a blood sample) collected from a living body is determined. When the determined value is greater than a standard value (cut-off value), the increase in KIAA0513 antigen level in the body fluid sample donor is confirmed. The data can be employed as an index for showing the presence of an artery lesion in the body fluid sample donor, or for showing the potential or actual presence of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorder, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or a solid cancer in the body fluid sample donor.
[0074] The standard value of the humoral antibody level with respect to the KIAA0513 antigen in a test sample may be derived through the following procedure. First, a control sample population is established from subjects exhibiting no abnormality (e.g., diabetes, a respiratory disease, or a cancer) in a medical examination (i.e., healthy donors). The level of a humoral antibody to the KIAA0513 antigen is determined, with respect to the test samples obtained from the control sample population. The determination data are statistically processed, to thereby obtain an average, a standard deviation, etc., and derive the standard value including the cut-off value, on the basis of the data.
[0075] In one possible embodiment of the humoral antibody level determination, the KIAA0513 antigen which is immobilized on a substrate is brought into contact with a body fluid sample collected from a living body. Bonding (based on antigen-antibody reaction) of a humoral antibody to the KIAA0513 antigen in the body fluid sample collected from the living body is detected as a signal. More specifically, the determination can be performed through immuno-chromatography, AlphaLISA, ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, Western blotting (immunoblotting), turbidimetry, nephelometry, latex-coagulation turbidimetry, CLEIA, or the like. All the exemplified determination techniques have been established for determining the level of a target substance (antibody) in a body fluid sample collected from a living body.
[0076] In one mode of the immuno-chromatographic method, a body fluid sample and a buffer liquid containing a gold colloid-bound anti-human IgG antibody are added to a cellulose membrane onto which the KIAA0513 antigen has been applied, and the liquid mixture is slowly moved on the membrane. If an antibody to the KIAA0513 antigen is present in the body fluid sample, a line is formed at a position where the antigen is applied on the surface of the membrane. The line can be visually observed. Since the immuno-chromatographic method can be conducted in a simpler manner, as compared with other assay means, the method is particularly suited for mass examination. In other words, when the data acquisition method of the present invention is carried out through the immuno-chromatographic method, desired disease-related data can be acquired in a short period of time (about 10 minutes) even in small facilities (for example, a clinic), a public health center, and other facilities.
[0077] In the case of AlphaLISA, when a GST-fused KIAA0513 antigen is used as an antigen for capturing a humoral antibody, glutathione-conjugated donor beads are used. The antigen for capturing a humoral antibody, a blood sample, and acceptor beads to which an anti-human IgG antibody has been bound are mixed together, and the mixture is incubated at room temperature for several hours to several days, to thereby form an antigen-antibody complex. The complex is irradiated with light (680 nm), and the resultant light having a wavelength of 520 to 620 nm is detected, whereby the target humoral antibody can be quantitated. In indirect immunofluorescence assay, a body fluid sample collected from a living body is brought into contact with a protein array in which the KIAA0513 antigen has been immobilized on a substrate, to thereby form a complex of the KIAA0513 antigen with an anti-KIAA0513 humoral antibody. Then, a fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody is brought into contact with the humoral antibody complex, whereby a humoral antibody to protein KIAA0513 can be quantitated. In ELISA, the same secondary antibody as employed in indirect immunofluorescence assay is used, except that the label is changed to an enzyme, to thereby conduct quantitation. The label for the secondary antibody can be selected from various enzymes. In Western blotting, a KIAA0513 antigen is subjected to electrophoresis by use of SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and the resultant band is transferred to a carrier such as a nitrocellulose membrane. Then, a body fluid sample collected from a living body is brought into contact with the carrier, to thereby form a (KIAA0513 antigen)-(anti-KIAA0513 humoral antibody) complex. Detection of the complex is performed by use of a secondary antibody, to thereby achieve quantitation. In turbidimetry or nephelometry, a body fluid sample collected from a living body is brought into contact with the KIAA0513 antigen, to thereby form a (KIAA0513 antigen)-(anti-KIAA0513 humoral antibody) complex. Detection of the complex is performed on the basis of change in turbidity (in the case of turbidimetry) or scattered light (in the case of nephelometry), to thereby achieve quantitation. In latex agglutination turbidimetry, a body fluid sample collected from a living body is brought into contact with latex particles to which the KIAA0513 antigen has been bound, to thereby form agglutinated latex particles via interaction between the humoral anti-KIAA0513 antibodies bounded to latex particles, and the thus-formed agglutinated latex particles are quantitated. In one possible mode of CLEIA assay, a body fluid sample collected from a living body is brought into contact with magnetic particles to which the KIAA0513 antigen has been bound, to thereby form, on the surfaces of the magnetic particles, a (KIAA0513 antigen)-(anti-KIAA0513 antibody) complex. Unreacted matter is removed through collecting magnetism, and the product is subjected to an appropriate fluorescent chemical treatment or the like. Thus thus-treated complex is quantitated.
(2) Kit of the Present Invention
[0078] An embodiment of the kit of the present invention employs AlphaLISA as an assay means and has a set including a GST-fused KIAA0513 antigen, glutathione-conjugated donor beads, and anti-human IgG-conjugated acceptor beads.
[0079] Another embodiment of the kit of the present invention employs ELISA as an assay means and has a set including a plate on which the aforementioned KIAA0513 antigen has been immobilized, a labeled secondary antibody to the anti-KIAA0513 antibody, and a reagent for developing the label of the secondary antibody.
[0080] Still another embodiment of the kit of the present invention employs latex agglutination turbidimetry and includes latex particles on which the aforementioned KIAA0513 antigen has been immobilized.
[0081] Yet another embodiment of the kit of the present invention employs CLEIA and includes magnetic particles on which the aforementioned KIAA0513 antigen has been immobilized, a labeled secondary antibody with respect to the anti-KIAA0513 antibody, and a reagent for developing the label of the secondary antibody.
[0082] Notably, the aforementioned embodiments of the kit are illustrated merely as examples, and kits employing other assay means are also encompassed in the scope of the kit of the present invention. Furthermore, the number of the aforementioned kit elements may be further reduced so as to encourage self-supply or out-sourcing of medical tests. In contrast, elements such as diluent and reagent tubes are added to the kit so as to realize immediate use of the kit of the present invention. Other additional elements suited for the mode of tests may also be added.
EXAMPLES
[0083] Examples of the present invention will next be described.
Production Examples and Analytical Techniques
<Antigen Proteins Employed in the Examples>
(1) Identification of Antigen Protein
[0084] In the Examples, by means of a human protein microarray (ProtoArray (registered trademark), product of Thermo Fisher Scientific), proteins KIAA0513 were identified as antigens which are recognized by a serum antibody of atherosclerosis patients.
[0085] In a specific procedure, the N-terminal of KIAA0513 isoform a (SEQ ID NO: 2) was modified with GST. The full-length region of 411 amino acids, or a portion of 301 amino acids from the N-terminal was used. Notably, the latter portion of 301 amino acids from the N-terminal corresponds to KIAA0513 isoform c (SEQ ID NO: 1).
(2) Preparation of Antigen Proteins (Formation and Purification of Proteins KIAA0513)
[0086] Human proteins KIAA0513 were prepared through the following procedure.
[0087] Each of the cDNA fragments encoding human KIAA0513 isoforms a and c was inserted into an EcoRI/SalI site of a plasmid vector pGEX-4T-1 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA), in which a glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene site is provided on the upstream side of the cloning site, to thereby produce recombinant plasmids pGEX-4T-1-KIAA0513 (isoform a) and pGEX-4T-1-KIAA0513 (isoform c) for gene expression, respectively. Each plasmid was incorporated into E. coli BL-21 for transformation, and expression of the corresponding cDNA encoding protein KIAA0513 was induced through a treatment with 0.1 mM IPTG (isopropyl-?-
<Analysis Through AlphaLISA>
[0088] Prior to disclosure of specific working examples, the analysis through AlphaLISA employed in the Examples will next be outlined.
[0089] Specifically, the AlphaLISA (Amplified Luminescence Proximity Homogeneous Assay) was performed by use of a 384-well microtiter plate (white opaque OptiPlate?, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA). To each well, a serum (2.5 ?L) 100-fold diluted with AlphaLISA buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH: 7.4, 0.1% casein, 0.5% Triton X-100, 1-mg/mL dextran-500, 0.05% Proclin-300) was added. GST or protein KIAA0513 (i.e., KIAA0513 isoform a or c) (10 ?g/mL) (antigen), diluted with AlphaLISA buffer, was mixed with the serum in each well. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 6 to 8 hours. Separately, anti-human IgG-conjugated acceptor beads (2.5 ?L at 40 ?g/mL), and glutathione- or streptavidin-conjugated donor beads (2.5 ?L at 40 ?g/mL) were diluted with AlphaLISA buffer, and the thus-diluted product was mixed with the incubated product. The resultant mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 to 14 days. Thereafter, generated photons were counted by means of EnSpire Alpha microplate reader (Perkin Elmer), to thereby determine Alpha Count. In the case of protein KIAA0513, a control GST value was subtracted, whereas in the case of the biotinylated peptide, a control buffer value was subtracted, whereby the antibody level specific to each KIAA0513 antigen was determined.
Example 1
[0090] Studies of biomarker in transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients through AlphaLISA
[0091] Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) refers to a pathological condition in which a patient receives sudden damage in motor function or sensory function due to stagnation of blood flow in the brain. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) refers to a disease in which cerebral nerve cells are damaged through the same mechanism as that of cerebral infarction, but the damage is restored within 24 hours, generally several minutes. In both cases, blood serum samples are collected from relevant patients ?2 weeks after the onset thereof.
[0092] The serum antibody (s-KIAA0513-Abs: serum KIAA0513 antibody) level with respect to KIAA0513 isoform c (SEQ ID NO: 1) was determined in AIS patients and TIA patients. Serum samples of healthy donors (HDs), AIS patients, and TIA patients were collected from Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital. In AlphaLISA, the s-KIAA0513-Ab level was found to be significantly higher in TIA patients and AIS patients than in HDs (see
[0093] When the cut-off value was set to the average+2SD for HD samples, the s-KIAA0513-Ab positive ratios of HDs, AIS patients, and TIA patients were 0.0%, 7.6%, and 15.6%, respectively (see Table 1).
[0094] Through ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC) values of s-KIAA0513-Abs were found to be 0.6439 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.5873-0.7004] with respect to AIS (see
[0095] Thus, TIA, which is a prodromal stage of AIS, was also found to positively correlate with the serum KIAA0513 antibody level. Therefore, the s-KIAA0513-Ab level served as a marker effectively predicting the onset of AIS.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sample information HD AIS TIA Total sample number 139 228 44 Male/Female 87/52 129/99 24/20 Age (Average ? SD) 51.6 ? 12.8 77.0 ? 11.1 68.5 ? 12.1 Subject group Type of value KIAA0513-Ab HD Average 92,849 SD 36,115 Cutoff value 165,080 Positive number 0 Positive (%) 0.0% AIS Average 110,913 SD 40,351 Positive number 11 Positive (%) 7.6% P (AIS vs HD) <0.001 TIA Average 122,303 SD 42,845 Positive number 5 Positive (%) 15.6% P (TIA vs HD) <0.01
Example 2
Studies of Biomarker in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients Through AlphaLISA
[0096] Next, the s-KIAA0513-Abs level of DM patients was investigated.
[0097] Serum samples of HDs and DM patients were obtained from Chiba University Hospital.
[0098] The s-KIAA0513-Abs level was found to be significantly higher in DM patients than in HDs (see
[0099] When the cut-off value was set to the average+2SD for HD samples, the s-KIAA0513-Ab positive ratios of HDs and DM patients were 2.5% and 26.5%, respectively (see Table 2).
[0100] The ability of the antibody marker to indicate the presence of DM was evaluated through ROC analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) value of s-KIAA0513-Abs was 0.7361, and the values of sensitivity and specificity were 50.55% and 87.65%, respectively (see
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Sample information HD DM Total sample number 81 275 Male/Female 46/35 158/117 Type 1 DM/Type 2 DM 26/216* Age (Average ? SD) 45.2 ? 11.0 63.1 ? 12.0 Subject group Type of value KIAA0513-Ab HD Average 33,698 SD 18,121 Cutoff value 69,941 Positive number 2 Positive (%) 2.5% DM Average 55,282 SD 29,897 Positive number 73 Positive (%) 26.5% P (vs HD) <0.001
Example 3
[0101] Studies of biomarker in cardiovascular disorder (CVD) patients and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients through AlphaLISA
[0102] Next, the s-KIAA0513-Abs levels of CVD patients and OSAS patients were investigated.
[0103] The CVD patients in Chiba University Hospital included acute myocardial infarction patients and unstable angina patients. Generally, OSAS is known to relate to atherosclerosis and is a high risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and CVD. Thus, serum samples of OSAS patients obtained from Chiba University Hospital were also analyzed.
[0104] As a result, the s-KIAA0513-Abs level was found to be higher in CVD patients and OSAS patients than in HDs (
[0105] Through ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC) values of s-KIAA0513-Abs were found to be 0.6492 (95% CI: 0.5821-0.7163) with respect to CVD (see
[0106] The P value of s-KIAA0513-Ab with respect to CVD was small (<0.0001), but the P value with respect to OSAS was 0.0013. The data suggest that the correlation between the s-KIAA0513-Ab marker and OSAS is less significant than the correlation between the s-KIAA0513-Ab marker and CVD (see Table 3). Thus, conceivably, OSAS does not correlate directly with the s-KIAA0513-Ab marker, but does indirectly correlate with the marker by the mediation of CVD or the like, which is induced by OSAS.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Sample information HD CVD OSAS Total sample number 76 97 86 Male/Female 43/33 81/16 59/27 Age (Average + SD) 45.1 ? 11.5 66.3 ? 11.4 57.8 ? 12.5 Subject group Type of value KIAA0513-Ab HD Average 43,398 SD 21,374 Cutoff value 86,146 Positive number 4 Positive (%) 5.3% CVD Average 57,531 SD 22,460 Positive number 10 Positive (%) 10.3% P (CVD vs HD) <0.001 OSAS Average 55,650 SD 27,493 Positive number 10 Positive (%) 11.6% P (OSA vs HD) <0.01
Example 4
Studies of Biomarker in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients Through AlphaLISA
[0107] Next, the s-KIAA0513-Abs level of CKD patients was investigated. CKD is closely related to atherosclerosis.
[0108] The studied CKD patients were divided into three groups.
[0109] Specifically, the groups were the diabetic nephropathy group (Type 1), the nephrosclerosis group (Type 2), and the glomerulonephropathy group (Type 3).
[0110] Serum samples of CKD patients were obtained from a cohort of Kumamoto Prefecture, and those of HDs were obtained from Chiba University.
[0111] The serum s-KIAA0513-Abs level was found to be significantly higher in all the three CKD groups than in HD samples (
[0112] Through ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC) values of s-KIAA0513-Abs were found to be 0.7434 (95% CI: 0.6783-0.8085) with respect to Type 1 CKD (see
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Sample information HD Type-1 CKD Type-2 CKD Type-3 CKD Total sample number 82 145 32 123 Male/Female 44/38 106/39 21/11 70/53 Age (Average ? SD) 44.1 ? 11.2 66.0 ? 10.4 76.0 ? 9.8 62.0 ? 11.7 Alpha analysis (antibody level) KIAA0513-Ab HD Average 36,007 SD 28,697 Cutoff value 93,400 Positive No. 5 Positive rate (%) 6.1% Typ-1 CKD Average 71,773 SD 44,434 Positive No. 42 Positive rate (%) 29.0% P (vs HD) <0.001 Type-2 CKD Average 84,954 SD 47,414 Positive No. 12 Positive rate (%) 37.5% P (vs HD) <0.001 Type-3 CKD Average 61,443 SD 41,110 Positive No. 25 Positive rate (%) 20.3% P (vs HD) <0.001
Example 5
Studies of Biomarker in Cancer Patients Through AlphaLISA
[0113] Atherosclerosis is known to be often related to cancers. Thus, the s-KIAA0513-Abs level in serum samples of esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), colon cancer (CC), lung cancer (LC), and mammary cancer (MC) patients was investigated. The serum samples were obtained from Toho University Medical Center.
[0114] As a result, the s-KIAA0513-Abs level was significantly higher in serum samples of all cancer patients, as compared with those of HDs. The highest average value of s-KIAA0513-Ab level was identified in the case of esophageal cancer (see
[0115] Next, correlation of the s-KIAA0513-Ab level with survival rates of esophageal cancer (EC) patients and gastric cancer (GC) patients after surgery was investigated. On the basis of the cut-off value obtained through ROC analysis, analytical samples were divided into an s-KIAA0513-Ab positive group and an s-KIAA0513-Ab negative group (see
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Sample information HD EC GC CC LC MC Total sample 96 192 96 192 96 96 number Male/Female 51/45 155/37 68/28 119/74 0/96 58/38 Age (Average ? SD) 57.9 ? 6.0 67.4 ? 9.8 68.7 ? 10.6 66.7 ? 11.7 60.9 ? 13.3 68.1 ? 9.6 Subject group Type of value KIAA0513-Ab HD Average 36,199 SD 23,001 Cutoff value 82,201 Positive number 8 Positive (%) 8.3% EC Average 87,535 SD 57,134 Positive number 86 Positive (%) 44.8% P (EC vs HD) <0.001 GC Average 62,714 SD 54,540 Positive number 21 Positive (%) 21.9% P (GC vs HD) <0.001 CC Average 69,308 SD 58,449 Positive number 53 Positive (%) 27.6% P (CC vs HD) <0.001 LC Average 62,148 SD 57,101 Positive number 24 Positive (%) 25.0% P (LC vs HD) <0.001 MC Average 50,270 SD 36,802 Positive number 18 Positive (%) 18.8% P (MC vs HD) 0.0018
Example 6
Comparison of Serum Antibody Level to Antigens; i.e., Between KIAA0513 Isoforms c and a
[0116] The serum antibody levels with respect to KIAA0513 isoform c (SEQ ID NO: 1) and KIAA0513 isoform a (SEQ ID NO: 2) were determined in healthy donors (HDs), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and cardiovascular disorder (CVD) patients through AlphaLISA.
[0117] As a result, with respect to both KIAA0513 isoforms c and a, the serum antibody levels were found to be higher in AIS patients and CVD patients than in HDs (see
[0118] The test results have revealed that the main epitope site of a serum antibody to protein KIAA0513 is present in 301 amino acids of KIAA0513 isoform c.
Example 7
Correlation Analysis Between Serum Antibody Level and Test Subject Data
(1) Mann-Whitney U Analysis
[0119] Correlation analysis between s-KIAA0513-Ab levels and test subject data was carried out by use of 665 serum samples collected from subjects in Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital. The samples included 139 HD samples, 225 samples of AIS patients, 44 samples of TIA patients, 17 samples of asymptomatic ischemic cerebral stroke patients, 122 samples of deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH) patients, 59 samples of chronic ischemic stroke (CIS) patients, and 41 control samples.
[0120] In the correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U analysis was employed to compare s-KIAA0513-Ab levels with the parameters: sex (male/female), DM, hypertension (HT), CVD, lipidemia, and obesity [normal or thin when body mass index (BMI) is <25; and obese when BMI is ?25], smoking habit, and drinking habit. As a result, a significant difference was found only in the case of presence/absence of HT (Table 6).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Sex Male Female Sample number 396 268 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 10,136 104,138 SD 39,889 40,969 P value (vs Male) 0.1466 Other disease DM? DM+ Sample number 525 135 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 101,818 101,727 SD 40,022 41,930 P value (vs DM?) 0.5031 Other disease HT? HT+ Sample number 239 421 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 96,476 104,821 SD 38,988 40,905 P value (vs HT?) 0.0091 Other disease CVD? CVD+ Sample number 623 37 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 101,376 108,939 SD 39,757 49,697 P value (vs CVD?) 0.1177 Other disease Lipidemia? Lipidemia+ Sample number 475 185 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 103,028 98,647 SD 40,591 39,808 P value (vs Lipidemia?) 0.2716 Obesity BMI < 25 BMI ? 25 Sample number 498 158 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 102,071 101,390 SD 40,475 40,488 P value (vs Alcohol?) 0.7490 Life style Non-smoker Smoker Sample number 344 319 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 98,991 104,832 SD 38,563 42,055 P value (vs non-smoker) 0.0673 Life style Alcohol? Alcohol+ Sample number 238 419 KIAA0513-Ab level Average 102,663 101,364 SD 39,883 40,759 P value (vs Alcohol?) 0.4595
(2) Spearman's Correlation Analysis
[0121] Through Spearman's correlation analysis, correlations of s-KIAA0513-Ab level with continuous variables, specifically, general information parameters of subjects including age, height, weight, and BMI; degree of arteriostenosis including maximum intima-media thickening (max-IMT); life-style factors such as period of smoking (years) and alcohol frequency (/week); and blood test data, were investigated. Significant correlations were identified between s-KIAA0513-Abs level and age, max-IMT, ALP, potassium, C-reactive protein (CRP), body sugar (BS), and smoking period (see Table 7). Inverse correlations were observed between the antibody level and height and weight. Correlation between the antibody level and max-IMT indicates that the s-KIAA0513-Ab level is associated with stenosis and atherosclerosis.
[0122] Similar results were obtained using other cohorts. In Spearman's correlation analysis of a CKD cohort (300 cases), significant correlations of the antibody level were observed with plaque score, max-IMT, and CAVI (right), which are indices for atherosclerosis (see Table 8). In the CKD cohort, correlation was observed between CRP and the s-KIAA0513-Abs level, indicating certain association of inflammation. Meanwhile, in the CKD cohort, no significant correlations of the s-KIAA0513-Abs level were observed with age, height, weight, BMI, and potassium. AIS is closely related with age, and positive correlation was observed between the s-KIAA0513-Abs level and AIS. Therefore, the s-KIAA0513-Abs may be indirectly associated with aging.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Number of KIAA0513-Ab Parameter XY pairs r value P value Age 663 0.1959 <0.0001 Height 657 ?0.1317 0.0007 Weight 661 ?0.1093 0.0049 BMI 656 ?0.0414 0.2899 max-IMT 457 0.1763 0.0002 A/G 628 ?0.0187 0.6402 AST (GOT) 655 0.0395 0.3134 ALT (GPT) 655 ?0.0035 0.9278 ALP 600 0.0889 0.0295 LDH 631 0.0431 0.2798 tBil 637 0.0317 0.4250 CHE 506 ?0.0387 0.3851 ?-GTP 609 ?0.0099 0.8072 TP 633 ?0.0184 0.6435 ALB 638 ?0.0207 0.6014 BUN 654 ?0.0454 0.2469 CRE 649 ?0.0310 0.4303 eGFR 552 0.0432 0.3113 UA 492 ?0.0138 0.7596 AMY 415 ?0.0901 0.0667 T-CHO 563 0.0446 0.2913 HDL-C 435 ?0.0280 0.5600 TG 460 ?0.0198 0.6719 Na 641 ?0.0347 0.3808 K 641 ?0.0899 0.0228 Cl 641 ?0.0392 0.3215 Ca 380 ?0.0607 0.2376 IP 302 ?0.0085 0.8824 Fe 311 ?0.0083 0.8838 CRP 477 0.0917 0.0453 LDL-C 344 ?0.0559 0.3011 WBC 650 0.0712 0.0697 RBC 650 ?0.0220 0.5748 HGB 650 0.0117 0.7651 HCT 650 ?0.0041 0.9174 MCV 650 0.0525 0.1814 MCH 650 0.0611 0.1199 MCHC 650 0.0401 0.3080 RDW 650 0.0437 0.2661 PLT 650 ?0.0269 0.4942 MPV 650 ?0.0354 0.3683 PCT 650 ?0.0271 0.4900 PDW 650 ?0.0342 0.3838 BS 596 0.0932 0.0229 HbA1c 505 ?0.0212 0.6351 Smoking period 656 0.1297 0.0009 Alcohol frequency 662 ?0.0328 0.4000 *The data of the test subjects employed include the following: age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT), albumin/globulin ratio (A/G), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (tBil), cholinesterase (CHE), ?-glutamyl transpeptidase (?-GTP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), estimated glomerular filtrating ratio (eGFR), uric acid (UA), amylase (AMY), total cholesterol (T-CHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (CI), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (IP), iron (Fe), C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hamatocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), procalcitonin (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), blood sugar (BS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), smoking period, alcohol frequency. **Table 7 shows the number of data, correlation coefficient (r), and P value in Spearman's correlation analysis. Values with significant correlation (P<0.05) are printed in boldface.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 r value P value Age 0.0640 0.2695 Height 0.0690 0.2342 Weight ?0.0180 0.7567 BMI ?0.0736 0.2045 Plaque score 0.2306 <0.0001 max-IMT 0.1157 0.0468 CAVI (right) 0.1244 0.0371 CAVI (left) 0.1133 0.0568 ABI (right) ?0.0164 0.7804 ABI (left) ?0.0559 0.3389 HbA1c ?0.0890 0.2821 W-PTH 0.0502 0.3864 Dia-period ?0.0176 0.7614 ARB ?0.0294 0.6116 ACE 0.0977 0.0910 PTA 0.1276 0.0273 Fe ?0.0456 0.4319 Ferritin 0.1655 0.0040 TSAT Ratio 0.0399 0.4910 Kt/V ?0.0746 0.1975 RBC ?0.0801 0.1664 HGB ?0.0518 0.3713 HCT ?0.0322 0.5787 PLT ?0.1867 0.0012 TP ?0.0368 0.5259 ALB ?0.1337 0.0205 UN ?0.1303 0.0240 CRE ?0.0645 0.2655 UA ?0.0570 0.3256 Na 0.0830 0.1515 K ?0.0043 0.9405 Cl 0.0494 0.3936 Ca 0.0039 0.9459 IP ?0.0242 0.6768 Mg 0.0675 0.2436 AST 0.0816 0.1586 ALT 0.0111 0.8486 LDH 0.0591 0.3076 ?-GTP 0.0811 0.1610 ALP 0.0031 0.9574 tBil 0.0344 0.5530 AMY ?0.0151 0.7940 CK ?0.0239 0.6799 T-CHO ?0.0655 0.2583 HDL-C ?0.1534 0.0078 LDL-C ?0.0099 0.8640 TG 0.0292 0.6147 CRP 0.1813 0.0016 Mode of representation of values printed in boldface, and means of abbreviation are the same as those employed in Table 7.
SUMMARY OF THE EXAMPLES
[0123] Through primary screening by use of a human protein microarray, protein KIAA0513 was identified as an antigen recognized by a serum antibody of atherosclerosis patients. Then, a recombinant GST-tagged protein KIAA0513 was purified. By use of the thus-purified protein as an antigen, the serum antibody level was determined through AlphaLISA. As a result, the s-KIAA0513-Abs level was found to be significantly higher in patients of AIS, TIA, DM, CVD, OSA, CKD, EC, GC, CC, LC, and MC than in HDs (see
[0124] Currently, no precise function of protein KIAA0513 has been elucidated. However, protein KIAA0513 has been reported to bind to a protein involved in synaptic transmission and apoptosis induction. Thus, conceivably, protein KIAA0513 may be involved in at least such signal transmission.
[0125] Generally, humoral antibody markers exhibit a higher sensitivity of detecting data concerning diseases, as compared with humoral antigen markers. Among humoral antigens, a KIAA0513 antigen has particularly high antigenicity. Thus, the anti-KIAA0513 humoral antibody marker exhibits remarkably high sensitivity. The above experiments have revealed that the present invention can acquire data concerning the potential or actual presence of diseases (e.g., cancers, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease) which are fatal to humans, as well as data showing the presence of an artery lesion (e.g., arteriosclerosis, or anomalous angiogenesis in solid cancer).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0126] Hitherto, there have been known only a small number of easily employable markers for life-threatening grave diseases including cancers, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, etc., and individual disease-specific markers must be used. However, the data acquisition method of the present invention enables to acquire data concerning diseases at remarkably high sensitivity and to acquire comprehensive data concerning grave diseases. In addition, by acquiring data showing the presence of an artery lesion (e.g., arteriosclerosis, or anomalous angiogenesis in solid cancer), it is possible to use the acquired data as an index for disease prevention. Thus, the method of the present invention is suited for mass examination or the like.
[0127] As described above, according to the present invention, the presence of pre-existing conditions, which are factors for aggravation of an infection, can be comprehensively detected by use of a single biomarker. If the data acquisition method of the present invention is carried out in mass examination in response to epidemic of respiratory tract infection caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19) or an influenza virus, hospital capacity including medical staff, beds, etc. can be effectively furnished, and better treatment for the infection can be attained.