SIC-MOF ELECTROLYTE

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrolyte (1, 1), in particular a solid electrolyte, for an electrochemical cell and/or battery (100), in particular for a lithium cell and/or lithium battery. In order to enable fast charging of the cell and/or battery (100) and to extend the service life of the cell and/or battery (100), the electrolyte (1, 1) comprises at least one metal-organic framework compound and at least one single-ion conductor. The invention further relates to a separator and/or to an electrode protection layer (10), to a cathode (11), to an anode, and to a cell and/or battery (100).

Claims

1. An electrolyte (1, 1) for an electrochemical cell and/or battery (100), comprising at least one metal-organic framework and at least one single ion conductor.

2. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1, 1) comprises at least one metal-organic framework and at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and/or at least one inorganic single ion conductor.

3. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1, 1) comprises at least one metal-organic framework, at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and at least one inorganic single ion conductor.

4. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one metal-organic framework comprises aluminum and/or zinc.

5. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one metal-organic framework comprises an aluminum carboxylate.

6. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1, 1) further comprises at least one ion-conductive polymer.

7. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte comprises at least one unit of the general chemical formula: ##STR00005## where -[A]- is a unit forming polymer backbones, X is a spacer and x is the number of spacers X and is 1 or 0, and Q is a negatively charged group Q.sup. and a counterion Z.sup.+.

8. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the negatively charged group Q is a borate anion and/or a perfluoroalkylsulfonylimide anion and/or a sulfonate anion.

9. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one inorganic single ion conductor comprises at least one lithium argyrodite and/or at least one sulfidic glass.

10. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1) further comprises at least one liquid electrolyte and/or at least one ionic liquid and/or at least one gel-forming solvent.

11. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1) is a catholyte and/or an anolyte.

12. A separator and/or electrode-protective layer (10) for an electrochemical cell and/or battery (100), comprising an electrolyte (1) as claimed in claim 1.

13. The separator and/or electrode-protective layer (10) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the electrolyte (1) comprises from 5% by weight to 20% by weight of the at least one metal-organic framework.

14. A cathode (11) for an electrochemical cell and/or battery (100), comprising at least one cathode active material (2) and an electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1.

15. An anode for an electrochemical cell and/or battery (100), in comprising at least one anode active material and an electrolyte as claimed in claim 1.

16. An electrochemical cell and/or battery (100) comprising a cathode (11) and an anode (12), wherein a separator and/or an electrode-protective layer (10) is/are arranged between the cathode (11) and the anode (12), and wherein one of the cathode, the anode, and the separator and/or an electrode-protective layer comprises at least one electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1.

17. The cell and/or battery (100) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the one of the cathode, the anode, and the separator and/or an electrode-protective layer is the separator and/or the electrode-protective layer (10).

18. The cell and/or battery (100) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the one of the cathode, the anode, and the separator and/or an electrode-protective layer is the anode (12), the anode also comprising at least one anode active material.

19. The cell and/or battery (100) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the one of the cathode, the anode, and the separator and/or an electrode-protective layer is the cathode (11), the cathode also comprising at least one cathode active material (2).

20. The cell and/or battery (100) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the cathode (11) comprises an electrolyte which comprises at least one metal-organic framework and at least one polymer electrolyte composed of at least one ion-conductive polymer and at least one electrolyte salt.

21. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one single ion conductor is polymeric and/or inorganic.

22. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1, 1) comprises at least one metal-organic framework and at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and/or at least one glass-like and/or ceramic single ion conductor.

23. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte (1, 1) comprises at least one metal-organic framework, at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and at least one glass-like and/or ceramic single ion conductor.

24. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the negatively charged group Q.sup. is a borate anion and/or a trifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion and/or a sulfonate anion.

25. The electrolyte (1, 1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one inorganic single ion conductor comprises at least one lithium argyrodite and/or at least one sulfidic glass.

26. The cell and/or battery (100) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the cathode (11) comprises an electrolyte which comprises at least one metal-organic framework and at least one polymer electrolyte composed of polyethylene oxide and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0109] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are illustrated by the drawing and explained in the following description. It should be noted that the drawing has only a descriptive character and is not intended to restrict the invention in any way.

[0110] The single drawing FIGURE shows a schematic cross section through an embodiment of a cell according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0111] The drawing FIGURE shows an embodiment of a cell 100 according to the invention, in particular in the form of a lithium cell, which comprises at least one electrolyte, in particular solid electrolyte, which comprises at least one metal-organic framework and at least one single ion conductor, for example at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and/or at least one inorganic single ion conductor. For example, the at least one metal-organic framework can be an aluminum carboxylate such as aluminum 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate and/or aluminum 1,3,5-tribenzenecarboxylate.

[0112] The drawing FIGURE shows that the cell 100 comprises a cathode 11 and an anode 12, with a separator or an electrode-protective layer 10 being arranged between the cathode 11 and the anode 12. In the embodiment depicted, the separator or the electrode-protective layer 10 performs not only the function of electronic insulation of cathode 11 and anode 12 but also the function of a protective layer, in particular for the anode 12, for example a lithium metal anode, which serves to prevent dendrite growth from the anode 12 to the cathode 11 and thus associated internal short circuits over the desired cycling life.

[0113] The drawing FIGURE shows that both the separator or the electrode-protective layer 10 and also the cathode 11 comprise an electrolyte 1, 1 which comprises at least one metal-organic framework and at least one single ion conductor, for example at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and/or at least one inorganic single ion conductor. Here, the electrolyte 1 of the separator or the electrode-protective layer 10 and the electrolyte 1 of the cathode 11 can be either identical or different.

[0114] In particular, the separator or the electrode-protective layer 10 can comprise or be formed by an electrolyte 1 which comprises at least one metal-organic framework and/or at least one single ion conductor, for example at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and at least one inorganic single ion conductor. The cathode 11 can likewise comprise such an electrolyte 1 or a different electrolyte 1, for example composed of at least one metal-organic framework and at least one polymer electrolyte, for example polymer gel electrolyte.

[0115] The drawing FIGURE shows that the cathode 11 can additionally comprise at least one cathode active material 2 in particulate form and optionally at least one electrically conductive addition 3, in particular for improving the electrical conductivity, for example carbon black and/or graphite, and can in particular be provided with a power outlet lead 4.

[0116] The drawing FIGURE shows that, in the embodiment depicted, the anode 12 is a lithium metal anode, in particular composed of metallic lithium. As a difference from the structure shown in the drawing FIGURE, the anode 12 can also have a structure analogous to the cathode 11 and comprise at least one anode active material, for example a lithium intercalation and/or insertion and/or alloying material, and an electrolyte composed of at least one metal-organic framework, for example an aluminum carboxylate, and at least one single ion conductor, for example at least one single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte and/or at least one inorganic single ion conductor.