LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME, AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND

Abstract

Embodiments provide an organometallic compound, a light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and the organometallic compound, which is represented by Formula 1.

##STR00001##

The description of Formula 1 is provided in the specification.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer; and an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR00293## wherein in Formula 1, M is platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), X.sub.1 is C, X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 are each independently C or N, a bond between X.sub.1 and M is a coordinate bond, one of a bond between X.sub.2 and M, a bond between X.sub.3 and M, and a bond between X.sub.4 and M is a coordinate bond, the remainder of X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 are each a covalent bond, rings CY.sub.1, CY.sub.2, CY.sub.3, and CY.sub.4 are each independently a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, X.sub.5 is C, ring CY.sub.5 is: an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring; or an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring condensed with at least one 6-membered ring, the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring is a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, an oxazole group, an iso-oxazole group, a thiazole group, or an isothiazole group, the 6-membered ring that is optionally condensed to the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring is a benzene group, a pyridine group, or a pyrimidine group, X.sub.51 is *—N—*′, *—B—*′, *—P—*′, *—C(R.sub.6)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.6)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.6)—*′, X.sub.52 is a single bond, *—N(R.sub.7)—*′, *—B(R.sub.7)—*′, *—P(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*,*—Ge(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O).sub.2—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)═*′, *═C(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)═C(R.sub.8)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, L.sub.1 is a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, b1 is an integer from 1 to 5, R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 and T.sub.1 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), a1 to a5, c1, and n1 are each independently an integer from 0 to 20, two or more R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.3(s) in the number of a3 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.4(s) in the number of a4 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.5(s) in the number of a5 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more of R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, R.sub.10a is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 arylalkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylalkyl group, —Si(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12)(Q.sub.13), —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —B(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —C(═O)(Q.sub.11), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.11), —P(═O)(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), or a combination thereof; a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, —Si(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22)(Q.sub.23), —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —B(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —C(═O)(Q.sub.21), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.21), —P(═O)(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), or a combination thereof; or —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), and Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.13, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.23, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —C.sub.1; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof.

2. The light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising: a second compound comprising at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group, a third compound comprising a group represented by Formula 3, a fourth compound that is a delayed fluorescence compound, or a combination thereof, wherein the organometallic compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound are different from each other: ##STR00294## wherein in Formula 3, ring CY.sub.71 and ring CY.sub.72 are each independently a π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group or a pyridine group, X.sub.71 is: a single bond; or a linking group comprising O, S, N, B, C, Si, or a combination thereof, and indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom in the third compound.

3. The light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein the second compound comprises a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a combination thereof.

4. The light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein the fourth compound is a compound comprising at least one cyclic group including boron (B) and nitrogen (N) as ring-forming atoms.

5. The light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein the emission layer includes: a first compound which is the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1; and the second compound, the third compound, the fourth compound, or a combination thereof, the emission layer emits blue light, and a maximum emission wavelength of the blue light is in a range of about 430 nm to about 500 nm.

6. An electronic apparatus comprising the light-emitting device of claim 1.

7. The electronic apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a thin-film transistor, wherein the thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

8. The electronic apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a color filter, a quantum dot color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or a combination thereof.

9. A consumer product comprising the light-emitting device of claim 1.

10. The consumer product of claim 9, wherein the consumer product is a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a portable phone, a tablet personal computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a micro display, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall with multiple displays tiled together, a theater or stadium screen, a phototherapy device, or a signboard.

11. An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR00295## wherein in Formula 1, M is platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), X.sub.1 is C, X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 are each independently C or N, a bond between X.sub.1 and M is a coordinate bond, one of a bond between X.sub.2 and M, a bond between X.sub.3 and M, and a bond between X.sub.4 and M is a coordinate bond, the remainder of X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 are each a covalent bond, rings CY.sub.1, CY.sub.2, CY.sub.3, and CY.sub.4 are each independently a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, X.sub.5 is C, ring CY.sub.5 is: an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring; or an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring condensed with at least one 6-membered ring, the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring is a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, an oxazole group, an iso-oxazole group, a thiazole group, or an isothiazole group, the 6-membered ring which is optionally condensed to the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring is a benzene group, a pyridine group, or a pyrimidine group, X.sub.51 is *—N—*′, *—B—*′, *—P—*′, *—C(R.sub.6)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.6)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.6)—*′, X.sub.52 is a single bond, *—N(R.sub.7)—*′, *—B(R.sub.7)—*′, *—P(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*—Ge(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*, *—S—*, *—Se—*, *—O—*, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O).sub.2—*, *—C(R.sub.7)═*′, *═C(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)═C(R.sup.8)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, L.sub.1 is a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, b1 is an integer from 1 to 5, R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 and T.sub.1 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), a1 to a5, c1, and n1 are each independently an integer from 0 to 20, two or more R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.3(s) in the number of a3 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.4(s) in the number of a4 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more R.sub.5(s) in the number of a5 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, two or more of R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, R.sub.10a is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 arylalkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylalkyl group, —Si(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12)(Q.sub.13), —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —B(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —C(═O)(Q.sub.11), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.11), —P(═O)(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), or a combination thereof; a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, —Si(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22)(Q.sub.23), —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —B(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —C(═O)(Q.sub.21), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.21), —P(═O)(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), or a combination thereof; or —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), and Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.13, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.23, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —C.sub.1; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof.

12. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein ring CY.sub.1 is: an X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring; an X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring condensed with at least one 6-membered ring; or an X.sub.1-containing 6-membered ring, the X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring is a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an iso-oxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, or a thiadiazole group, and the X.sub.1-containing 6-membered ring and the 6-membered ring which is optionally condensed to the X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring are each independently a benzene group, a pyridine group, or a pyrimidine group.

13. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein rings CY.sub.2, CY.sub.3, and CY.sub.4 are each independently a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a naphthalene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a naphthobenzofuran group, a naphthobenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzofluorene group, a naphthobenzosilole group, a dinaphthofuran group, a dinaphthothiophene group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofluorene group, a dinaphthosilole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azanaphthobenzofuran group, an azanaphthobenzothiophene group, an azabenzocarbazole group, an azabenzofluorene group, an azanaphthobenzosilole group, an azadinaphthofuran group, an azadinaphthothiophene group, an azadibenzocarbazole group, an azadibenzofluorene group, or an azadinaphthosilole group.

14. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein ring CY.sub.5 is an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring, and the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring is a pyrrole group, a furan group, or a thiophene group.

15. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein X.sub.51 is *—N—*′ or *—C(R.sub.6)—*′.

16. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 and T.sub.1 are each independently: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or a combination thereof; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl) phenyl group, or a combination thereof.

17. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein in Formula 1, a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.b1-(T.sub.1).sub.c1 is a group represented by Formula CY1A: ##STR00296## wherein in Formula CY1A, Z.sub.20 to Z.sub.22 are each independently hydrogen, or are each independently the same as described in connection with R.sub.10a in Formula 1, T.sub.11 and T.sub.12 are each independently the same as described in connection with T.sub.1 in Formula 1, and indicates a binding site to ring CY.sub.1.

18. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2: ##STR00297## wherein in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, M, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4, X.sub.51, L.sub.1, b1, T.sub.1, and c1 are each independently the same as described in Formula 1, E.sub.1 is O or S, W.sub.1 is the same as described in connection with R.sub.5 in Formula 1, d3 is an integer from 0 to 3, two or more W.sub.1(s) in the number of d3 are optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, X.sub.11 is C(R.sub.11) or N, X.sub.12 is C(R.sub.12) or N, X.sub.13 is C(R.sub.13) or N, X.sub.14 is C(R.sub.14) or N, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently the same as described in connection with R.sub.1 in Formula 1, two or more of R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are optionally bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, X.sub.21 is C(R.sub.21) or N, X.sub.22 is C(R.sub.22) or N, X.sub.23 is C(R.sub.23) or N, R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 are each independently the same as described in connection with R.sub.2 in Formula 1, two or more of R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 are optionally bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, X.sub.31 is C(R.sub.31) or N, X.sub.32 is C(R.sub.32) or N, X.sub.33 is C(R.sub.33) or N, X.sub.34 is C(R.sub.34) or N, X.sub.35 is C(R.sub.35) or N, X.sub.36 is C(R.sub.36) or N, R.sub.31 to R.sub.36 are each independently the same as described in connection with R.sub.3 in Formula 1, two or more of R.sub.31 to R.sub.36 are optionally bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, and R.sub.41 to R.sub.44 are each independently the same as described in connection with R.sub.4 in Formula 1, two or more of R.sub.41 to R.sub.44 are optionally bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

19. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein the organometallic compound has a maximum emission wavelength less than or equal to about 500 nm.

20. The organometallic compound of claim 11, wherein the organometallic compound has an energy level of a triplet metal-centered (.sup.3MC) state greater than or equal to about 0.5 kcal/mol.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] The above and other aspects and features of the disclosure will be more apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0059] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

[0060] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic apparatus according to an embodiment; and

[0061] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic apparatus according to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0062] The disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0063] In the drawings, the sizes, thicknesses, ratios, and dimensions of the elements may be exaggerated for ease of description and for clarity. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

[0064] In the description, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being “on”, “connected to”, or “coupled to” another element, it can be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. In a similar sense, when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is described as “covering” another element, it can directly cover the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween.

[0065] In the description, when an element is “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element, there are no intervening elements present. For example, “directly on” may mean that two layers or two elements are disposed without an additional element such as an adhesion element therebetween.

[0066] As used herein, the expressions used in the singular such as “a,” “an,” and “the,” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0067] As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, “A and/or B” may be understood to mean “A, B, or A and B.” The terms “and” and “or” may be used in the conjunctive or disjunctive sense and may be understood to be equivalent to “and/or”.

[0068] In the specification and the claims, the term “at least one of” is intended to include the meaning of “at least one selected from the group of” for the purpose of its meaning and interpretation. For example, “at least one of A and B” may be understood to mean “A, B, or A and B.” When preceding a list of elements, the term, “at least one of,” modifies the entire list of elements and does not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0069] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the disclosure. Similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0070] The spatially relative terms “below”, “beneath”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, or the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relations between one element or component and another element or component as illustrated in the drawings. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, in the case where a device illustrated in the drawing is turned over, the device positioned “below” or “beneath” another device may be placed “above” another device. Accordingly, the illustrative term “below” may include both the lower and upper positions. The device may also be oriented in other directions and thus the spatially relative terms may be interpreted differently depending on the orientations.

[0071] The terms “about” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the recited value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the recited quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0072] It should be understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “have,” “having,” “contains,” “containing,” and the like are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof in the disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0073] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal sense unless clearly defined in the specification.

[0074] An organometallic compound according to an embodiment may be represented by Formula 1:

##STR00003##

[0075] In Formula 1, M may be platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu).

[0076] In an embodiment, M may be platinum (Pt).

[0077] In Formula 1, X.sub.1 may be C, and X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 may each independently be C or N.

[0078] In an embodiment, X.sub.1 may be a carbon of a carbene moiety.

[0079] In an embodiment, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 may each be C, and X.sub.4 may be N.

[0080] In Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.1 and M may be a coordinate bond; one of a bond between X.sub.2 and M, a bond between X.sub.3 and M, and a bond between X.sub.4 and M may be a coordinate bond; and the remainder of X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 may each be a covalent bond.

[0081] In an embodiment, a bond between X.sub.2 and M and a bond between X.sub.3 and M may each be a covalent bond, and a bond between X.sub.4 and M may be a coordinate bond.

[0082] In an embodiment, X.sub.4 may be N, and a bond between X.sub.4 and M may be a coordinate bond.

[0083] In Formula 1, rings CY.sub.1, CY.sub.2, CY.sub.3, and CY.sub.4 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group.

[0084] In an embodiment, for example, ring CY.sub.1 may be a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group.

[0085] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.1 may be an X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring; an X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring condensed with at least one 6-membered ring; or an X.sub.1-containing 6-membered ring.

[0086] For example, ring CY.sub.1 may include a 5-membered ring bonded to M in Formula 1 via X.sub.1. In an embodiment, the X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring may be a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an iso-oxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, or a thiadiazole group; and the X.sub.1-containing 6-membered ring and the 6-membered ring which may be optionally condensed to the X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring may each independently be a benzene group, a pyridine group, or a pyrimidine group.

[0087] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.1 may be an X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring, and the X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring may be an imidazole group or a triazole group.

[0088] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.1 may be an X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring condensed with at least one 6-membered ring, and the X.sub.1-containing 5-membered ring condensed with the at least one 6-membered ring may be a benzimidazole group or an imidazopyridine group.

[0089] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.1 may be a benzimidazole group.

[0090] In an embodiment, rings CY.sub.2, CY.sub.3, and CY.sub.4 may each independently be a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a naphthalene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a naphthobenzofuran group, a naphthobenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzofluorene group, a naphthobenzosilole group, a dinaphthofuran group, a dinaphthothiophene group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofluorene group, a dinaphthosilole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azanaphthobenzofuran group, an azanaphthobenzothiophene group, an azabenzocarbazole group, an azabenzofluorene group, an azanaphthobenzosilole group, an azadinaphthofuran group, an azadinaphthothiophene group, an azadibenzocarbazole group, an azadibenzofluorene group, or an azadinaphthosilole group.

[0091] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.2 to ring CY.sub.4 may each independently be a benzene group, a pyridine group, or a pyrimidine group.

[0092] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.2 may be a benzene group.

[0093] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.3 may be a benzene group.

[0094] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.4 may be a pyridine group.

[0095] In Formula 1, X.sub.5 may be C.

[0096] In Formula 1, ring CY.sub.5 may be: an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring; or an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring condensed with at least one 6-membered ring.

[0097] For example, ring CY.sub.5 may include a 5-membered ring bonded to X.sub.51 in Formula 1 via X.sub.5. In an embodiment, the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring may be a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, an oxazole group, an iso-oxazole group, a thiazole group, or an isothiazole group; and a 6-membered ring which may optionally be condensed to the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring may be a benzene group, a pyridine group, or a pyrimidine group.

[0098] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.5 may be an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring; and the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring may be a pyrrole group, a furan group, or a thiophene group.

[0099] In an embodiment, ring CY.sub.5 may be a furan group or a thiophene group.

[0100] In Formula 1, X.sub.51 may be *—N—*′, *—B—*′, *—P—*′, *—C(R.sub.6)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.6)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.6)—*′. In an embodiment, when X.sub.51 is *—C(R.sub.6)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.6)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.6)—*′, R.sub.6 may be: hydrogen or deuterium; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0101] In an embodiment, X.sub.51 may be *—N—*′, *—B—*′, *—P—*′, *—C(R.sub.6)—*′, or *—Si(R.sub.6)—*′.

[0102] In an embodiment, X.sub.51 may be *—N—*′ or *—C(R.sub.6)—*′.

[0103] In Formula 1, X.sub.52 may be a single bond, *—N(R.sub.7)—*′, *—B(R.sub.7)—*′, *—P(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—Ge(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′ *—S—*′ *—Se—*′ *—O—*′ *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O).sub.2—*′ *—C(R.sub.7)═*′, *═C(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)═C(R.sup.8)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′.

[0104] In an embodiment, X.sub.52 may be a single bond, *—N(R.sub.7)—*′, *—B(R.sub.7)—*′, *—P(R.sub.7)—*′, *—C(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—Ge(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)—*′, *—S—*′ *—Se—*′, or *—O—*′.

[0105] In an embodiment, X.sub.52 may be a single bond, *—N(R.sub.7)—*′, *—B(R.sub.7)—*′, or *—P(R.sub.7)—*′.

[0106] In an embodiment, in Formula 1,

[0107] X.sub.52 may be a single bond, and a group represented by

##STR00004##

in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula CY3A or CY3B, or

[0108] X.sub.52 may not be a single bond, and a group represented by

##STR00005##

in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula CY3C, or

[0109] X.sub.52 may be *—N(R.sub.7)—*′, and R.sub.7 and R.sub.3 may be bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a:

##STR00006##

[0110] In Formulae CY3A to CY3C,

[0111] X.sub.3 and X.sub.31 to X.sub.33 may each independently be C or N,

[0112] rings CY.sub.31, CY.sub.32, and CY.sub.33 may each independently be the same as described in connection with ring CY.sub.3,

[0113] a bond between X.sub.31 and X.sub.3, a bond between X.sub.3 and X.sub.32, and a bond between X.sub.32 and X.sub.33 may each be a chemical bond,

[0114] *″ indicates a binding site to X.sub.51,

[0115] * indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

[0116] *′ indicates a binding site to X.sub.52.

[0117] In an embodiment, X.sub.31, X.sub.3, and X.sub.32 in Formulae CY3A and CY3B may each be C, and X.sub.33 may be N.

[0118] In an embodiment, X.sub.31, X.sub.3, and X.sub.32 in Formula CY3C may each be C.

[0119] In Formula 1, L.sub.1 may be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0120] In an embodiment, L.sub.1 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0121] In Formula 1, b1 indicates the number of L.sub.1(s), and may be an integer from 1 to 5. When b1 is 2 or more, two or more L.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In an embodiment, b1 may be 1 or 2.

[0122] In Formula 1, R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 and T.sub.1 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2).

[0123] In an embodiment, R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 and T.sub.1 may each independently be:

[0124] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group;

[0125] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or

[0126] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl) phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0127] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, T.sub.1 may be: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or

[0128] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl) phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0129] In Formula 1, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, c1, and n1 may respectively indicate the numbers of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, T.sub.1, and a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.b1-(T.sub.1).sub.c1, and may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20.

[0130] In an embodiment, a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0131] In an embodiment, c1 may be 1 or 2.

[0132] In an embodiment, n1 may be 0 or 1.

[0133] In an embodiment, c1 may be 2, and n1 may be 1.

[0134] In Formula 1, two or more R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 may be optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0135] In Formula 1, two or more R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 may be optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0136] In Formula 1, two or more R.sub.3(s) in the number of a3 may be optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0137] In Formula 1, two or more R.sub.4(s) in the number of a4 may be optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0138] In Formula 1, two or more R.sub.5(s) in the number of a5 may be optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0139] In Formula 1, two or more of R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 may be optionally bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0140] In Formula 1, * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0141] In Formula 1, R.sub.10a may be the same as described herein.

[0142] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound may be represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2.

##STR00007##

[0143] In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2,

[0144] M, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4, X.sub.51, L.sub.1, b1, T.sub.1, and c1 may each independently be the same as described herein,

[0145] E.sub.1 may be O or S,

[0146] W.sub.1 is the same as described in connection with R.sub.5,

[0147] d3 may be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0148] two or more W.sub.1(s) in the number of d3 may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0149] X.sub.11 may be C(R.sub.11) or N, X.sub.12 may be C(R.sub.12) or N, X.sub.13 may be C(R.sub.13) or N, and X.sub.14 may be C(R.sub.14) or N,

[0150] R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.1, and two or more of R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 may optionally be bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0151] X.sub.21 may be C(R.sub.21) or N, X.sub.22 may be C(R.sub.22) or N, and X.sub.23 may be C(R.sub.23) or N,

[0152] R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.2, and two or more of R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may optionally be bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0153] X.sub.31 may be C(R.sub.31) or N, X.sub.32 may be C(R.sub.32) or N, X.sub.33 may be C(R.sub.33) or N, X.sub.34 may be C(R.sub.34) or N, X.sub.35 may be C(R.sub.35) or N, and X.sub.36 may be C(R.sub.36) or N,

[0154] R.sub.31 to R.sub.36 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.3, and two or more of R.sub.31 to R.sub.36 may optionally be bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0155] R.sub.41 to R.sub.44 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.4, and two or more of R.sub.41 to R.sub.44 may optionally be bonded together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0156] In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R.sub.42 may neither be hydrogen nor deuterium.

[0157] In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R.sub.42 may be a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof.

[0158] In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R.sub.43 may be: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group;

[0159] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or

[0160] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl) phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0161] In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R.sub.43 may be: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group; or a phenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl)phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0162] In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R.sub.41 and R.sub.44 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0163] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, a group represented by

##STR00008##

may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-8:

##STR00009##

[0164] In Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-8,

[0165] X.sub.1 may be C,

[0166] Y.sub.1 may include O, S, N, C, or Si,

[0167] * indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

[0168] *′ indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom in Formula 1.

[0169] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, a group represented by

##STR00010##

may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(8):

##STR00011## ##STR00012##

[0170] In Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(8),

[0171] X.sub.1 may be C,

[0172] L.sub.1, T.sub.1, and c1 may each independently be the same as described herein,

[0173] R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.1,

[0174] * indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

[0175] *′ indicates a binding site to ring CY.sub.2 in Formula 1.

[0176] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.b1-(T.sub.1).sub.c1 may be a group represented by Formula CY1A:

##STR00013##

[0177] In Formula CY1A,

[0178] Z.sub.20 to Z.sub.22 may each independently be hydrogen, or may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.10a,

[0179] T.sub.11 and T.sub.12 may each independently be the same as described in connection with T.sub.1, and

[0180] * indicates a binding site to ring CY.sub.1.

[0181] In an embodiment, in Formula CY1A, T.sub.11 and T.sub.12 may each independently be: hydrogen;

[0182] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or

[0183] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl) phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0184] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, a group represented by *-(L.sub.1).sub.b1-(T.sub.1).sub.c1 may be a group represented by Formula CY1(A) or Formula CY1(A2):

##STR00014##

[0185] In Formulae CY1(A) and CY1(A2),

[0186] Z.sub.10 to Z.sub.22 may each independently be hydrogen, or may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.10a, and

[0187] * indicates a binding site to ring CY.sub.1.

[0188] In an embodiment, in Formulae CY1(A) and CY1(A2), Z.sub.10 to Z.sub.22 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl)phenyl group.

[0189] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, a group represented by

##STR00015##

may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-11:

##STR00016## ##STR00017##

[0190] In Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-11,

[0191] X.sub.2 is the same as described herein,

[0192] Y.sub.2 may include O, S, N, C, or Si,

[0193] * indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1,

[0194] *′ indicates a binding site to ring CY.sub.1 in Formula 1, and

[0195] *″ indicates a binding site to X.sub.51 in Formula 1.

[0196] In an embodiment, a group represented by

##STR00018##

in Formula 1 and a group represented by

##STR00019##

in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(26):

##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022## ##STR00023## ##STR00024##

[0197] In Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(26),

[0198] X.sub.2 is the same as described herein,

[0199] X.sub.21 may be O, S, N(R.sub.20), C(R.sub.20a)(R.sub.20b), or Si(R.sub.20a)(R.sub.20b),

[0200] R.sub.20, R.sub.20a, R.sub.20b, and R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.2, and R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may each not be hydrogen,

[0201] * indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1,

[0202] *′ indicates a binding site to ring CY.sub.1 in Formula 1, and

[0203] *″ indicates a binding site to X.sub.51 in Formula 1.

[0204] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, a group represented by

##STR00025##

may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(20), and in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 a group represented by

##STR00026##

may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12):

##STR00027## ##STR00028## ##STR00029##

[0205] In Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(20),

[0206] X.sub.3 is the same as described herein,

[0207] R.sub.31 to R.sub.36 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.3, wherein R.sub.31 to R.sub.36 may each not be hydrogen,

[0208] * indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1,

[0209] *′ indicates a binding site to X.sub.52 in Formula 1, and

[0210] *″ indicates a binding site to X.sub.51 in Formula 1.

[0211] In an embodiment, a group represented by

##STR00030##

in Formula 1 and a group represented by

##STR00031##

in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 may each independently be one of groups represented by Formulae CY5-1 to CY5-16:

##STR00032## ##STR00033##

[0212] In Formulae CY5-1 to CY5-16,

[0213] E.sub.1 may be O or S,

[0214] W.sub.11 to W.sub.14 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.5, wherein W.sub.11 to W.sub.14 may each not be hydrogen, and

[0215] * indicates a binding site to X.sub.51 in Formula 1.

[0216] In an embodiment, in Formulae CY5-1 to CY5-16, W.sub.11 to W.sub.14 may each independently be: deuterium, —F, or a cyano group;

[0217] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or

[0218] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl) phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0219] In an embodiment, in Formulae CY5-1 to CY5-16, W.sub.11 to W.sub.14 may each independently be: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or

[0220] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a deuterated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a deuterated phenyl group, a fluorinated phenyl group, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl)phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0221] In an embodiment, a group represented by

##STR00034##

in Formula 1 and a group represented by

##STR00035##

in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 may each independently be one of groups represented by Formulae CY5-1 to CY5-8.

[0222] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a maximum emission wavelength (nm) less than or equal to about 500 nm.

[0223] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 390 nm to about 500 nm. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 410 nm to about 490 nm. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 480 nm. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 475 nm. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 455 nm to about 470 nm.

[0224] A maximum emission wavelength of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may indicate an actual maximum emission wavelength (λ.sub.max.sup.exp) evaluated by utilizing a density functional theory (DFT) method. The evaluation method may refer to the method described in Evaluation Example 1 herein.

[0225] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an energy level of a triplet metal-centered (.sup.3MC) state (hereinafter, also referred to as an energy level of a .sup.3MC state) greater than or equal to about 0.5 kcal/mol.

[0226] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an energy level of a .sup.3MC state less than or equal to about 1.2 kcal/mol.

[0227] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an energy level of a .sup.3MC state in a range of about 0.5 kcal/mol to about 1.2 kcal/mol. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an energy level of a .sup.3MC state in a range of about 0.6 kcal/mol to about 1.1 kcal/mol. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an energy level of a .sup.3MC state in a range of about 0.7 kcal/mol to about 1.0 kcal/mol. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an energy level of a .sup.3MC state in a range of about 0.75 kcal/mol to about 0.95 kcal/mol.

[0228] The energy level of the .sup.3MC state of the organometallic compound may be evaluated by utilizing a DFT method. The evaluation method may refer to the method described in Evaluation Example 1 herein.

[0229] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a ratio of presence of a triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (.sup.3MLCT) state (hereinafter, also referred to as a ratio of presence of .sup.3MLCT) of about 10% or more. In an embodiment, a ratio of presence of .sup.3MLCT may be in a range of about 10% to about 20%. For example, a ratio of presence of .sup.3MLCT may be in a range of about 11% to about 19%. For example, a ratio of presence of .sup.3MLCT may be in a range of about 11% to about 17%. For example, a ratio of presence of .sup.3MLCT may be in a range of about 11% to about 15%.

[0230] A ratio of presence of .sup.3MLCT of the organometallic compound may be evaluated by utilizing a DFT method. The evaluation method may refer to the method described in Evaluation Example 1 herein.

[0231] In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be one of Compounds 1 to 120, but is not limited thereto:

##STR00036## ##STR00037## ##STR00038## ##STR00039## ##STR00040## ##STR00041## ##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050## ##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054## ##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059## ##STR00060## ##STR00061## ##STR00062## ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066## ##STR00067## ##STR00068## ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071## ##STR00072## ##STR00073## ##STR00074## ##STR00075## ##STR00076## ##STR00077## ##STR00078## ##STR00079## ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## ##STR00085## ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## ##STR00089##

[0232] The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 has, as a linker that links rings CY.sub.2 and CY.sub.3 together, a moiety that includes ring CY.sub.5 (including an X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring) linked to X.sub.51 via X.sub.5, wherein the X.sub.5-containing 5-membered ring of CY.sub.5 is a heterocyclic group (for example, a furan group, a thiophene group, etc.), and X.sub.5 that is bonded to X.sub.51 is carbon. Accordingly, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may exhibit relatively excellent .sup.3MLCT, .sup.3MC, and triplet ligand-centered (.sup.3LC) state characteristics. The occurrence of a second peak outside a maximum peak wavelength range on an emission spectrum is suppressed, and thus, blue light with improved color purity may be emitted.

[0233] Accordingly, due to the use of the organometallic compound, an electronic device (for example, an organic light-emitting device) having low driving voltage and high luminescence efficiency may be implemented.

[0234] Methods of synthesizing the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be readily understood to those of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples and/or Examples described herein.

[0235] A light-emitting device according to an embodiment may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, as described herein.

[0236] In an embodiment, the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be an anode; the second electrode of the light-emitting device may be a cathode; the interlayer may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode layer; the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0237] In an embodiment, the interlayer of the light-emitting device may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0238] In an embodiment, the emission layer of the light-emitting device may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0239] In an embodiment, the emission layer may emit blue light. In an embodiment, the emission layer may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 410 nm to about 500 nm. For example, the emission layer may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 420 nm to about 490 nm. For example, the emission layer may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 480 nm. For example, the emission layer may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 470 nm.

[0240] In an embodiment, the emission layer in the light-emitting device may include a dopant and a host, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. For example, the organometallic compound may serve as a dopant. The emission layer may emit, for example, blue light. The blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength, for example, in a range of about 430 nm to about 500 nm. For example, the blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 470 nm.

[0241] In an embodiment, the electron transport region of the light-emitting device may include a hole blocking layer, and the hole blocking layer may include a phosphine oxide-containing compound, a silicon-containing compound, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the hole blocking layer may directly contact the emission layer.

[0242] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may further include at least one of a first capping layer arranged outside the first electrode and a second capping layer arranged outside the second electrode, and the at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. Further details on the first capping layer and/or second capping layer are as described in the specification.

[0243] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include a first capping layer arranged outside the first electrode and including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1; a second capping layer arranged outside the second electrode and including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1; or the first capping layer and the second capping layer.

[0244] The wording “(interlayer and/or capping layer) includes an organometallic compound” as used herein may be understood as “(interlayer and/or capping layer) may include one kind of organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 or two different kinds of organometallic compounds, each represented by Formula 1”.

[0245] In an embodiment, the interlayer and/or capping layer may include Compound 1 only as the organometallic compound. In this regard, Compound 1 may be present in the emission layer of the light-emitting device. In an embodiment, the interlayer may include, as the organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be present in a same layer (for example, all of Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be present in the emission layer), or may be present in different layers (for example, Compound 1 may be present in the emission layer, and Compound 2 may be present in the electron transport region).

[0246] The term “interlayer” as used herein refers to a single layer and/or multiple layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0247] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include:

[0248] a first compound which is the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1; and

[0249] a second compound including at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group, a third compound including a group represented by Formula 3, a fourth compound capable of emitting delayed fluorescence (for example, the fourth compound may be a delayed fluorescence compound), or any combination thereof,

[0250] wherein the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound may be different from each other:

##STR00090##

[0251] In Formula 3, ring CY.sub.71 and ring CY.sub.72 may each independently be a π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group or a pyridine group.

[0252] In Formula 3, X.sub.71 may be: a single bond; or a linking group including O, S, N, B, C, Si, or any combination thereof.

[0253] In Formula 3, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom in the third compound.

[0254] CBP and mCBP may be excluded from the third compound:

##STR00091##

[0255] In an embodiment, in the light-emitting device,

[0256] the emission layer may include: the first compound; and the second compound, the third compound, the fourth compound, or any combination thereof, and

[0257] the emission layer may emit phosphorescence or fluorescence emitted from the first compound. In an embodiment, blue light may be emitted from the first compound, and the blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength, for example, in a range of about 430 nm to about 500 nm. For example, the blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 470 nm.

[0258] [Descriptions of Second Compound, Third Compound, and Fourth Compound]

[0259] In an embodiment, the second compound may include a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or any combination thereof.

[0260] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may further include at least one of the second compound and the third compound, in addition to the first compound.

[0261] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may further include the fourth compound, in addition to the first compound.

[0262] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound.

[0263] In an embodiment, the interlayer may include the second compound. The interlayer may further include, in addition to the first compound and the second compound, the third compound, the fourth compound, or any combination thereof.

[0264] In an embodiment, a difference between a triplet energy level (eV) of the fourth compound and a singlet energy level (eV) of the fourth compound may be in a range of about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV. For example, a difference between a triplet energy level (eV) of the fourth compound and a singlet energy level (eV) of the fourth compound may be in a range of about 0 eV or higher and about 0.3 eV or lower.

[0265] In an embodiment, the fourth compound may be a compound including at least one cyclic group including boron (B) and nitrogen (N) as ring-forming atoms.

[0266] In an embodiment, the fourth compound may be a C.sub.8-C.sub.60 polycyclic group-containing compound including at least two condensed cyclic groups that share boron (B).

[0267] In an embodiment, the fourth compound may include a condensed ring in which at least one third ring may be condensed with at least one fourth ring,

[0268] wherein the third ring may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cycloheptane group, a cyclooctane group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexene group, a cycloheptene group, a cyclooctene group, an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a norbornane group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrazine group, or a triazine group, and

[0269] wherein the fourth ring may be a 1,2-azaborinine group, a 1,3-azaborinine group, a 1,4-azaborinine group, a 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborinine group, a 1,4-oxaborinine group, a 1,4-thiaborinine group, or a 1,4-dihydroborinine group.

[0270] In an embodiment, the interlayer may include the fourth compound. The interlayer may include, in addition to the first compound and the fourth compound, the second compound, the third compound, or any combination thereof.

[0271] In an embodiment, the interlayer may include the third compound. In an embodiment, the third compound may not include CBP as described herein nor mCBP as described herein.

[0272] The emission layer in the interlayer may include: the first compound; and the second compound, the third compound, the fourth compound, or any combination thereof.

[0273] The emission layer may emit phosphorescence or fluorescence emitted from the first compound. In an embodiment, phosphorescence or fluorescence emitted from the first compound may be blue light.

[0274] In an embodiment, the emission layer in the light-emitting device may include the first compound and the second compound, and the first compound and the second compound may form an exciplex.

[0275] In an embodiment, the emission layer in the light-emitting device may include the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound, and the first compound and the second compound may form an exciplex.

[0276] In an embodiment, the emission layer in the light-emitting device may include the first compound and the fourth compound, and the fourth compound may serve to improve color purity, luminescence efficiency, and lifespan characteristics of the light-emitting device.

[0277] In an embodiment, the second compound may include a compound represented by Formula 2:

##STR00092##

[0278] In Formula 2,

[0279] L.sub.61 to L.sub.63 may each independently be a single bond, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0280] b61 to b63 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0281] X.sub.64 may be N or C(R.sub.64), X.sub.65 may be N or C(R.sub.65), X.sub.66 may be N or C(R.sub.66), and at least one of X.sub.64 to X.sub.66 may be N,

[0282] R.sub.61 to R.sub.66 may each be the same as described herein, and

[0283] R.sub.10a may be the same as described herein.

[0284] In an embodiment, the third compound may include a compound represented by Formula 3-1, a compound represented by Formula 3-2, a compound represented by Formula 3-3, a compound represented by Formula 3-4, a compound represented by Formula 3-5, or any combination thereof:

##STR00093## ##STR00094##

[0285] In Formulae 3-1 to 3-5,

[0286] ring CY.sub.71 to ring CY.sub.74 may each independently be a π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group or a pyridine group,

[0287] X.sub.82 may be a single bond, O, S, N—[(L.sub.82).sub.b82-R.sub.82], C(R.sub.82a)(R.sub.82b), or Si(R.sub.82a)(R.sub.82b),

[0288] X.sub.83 may be a single bond, O, S, N—[(L.sub.83).sub.b83-R.sub.83], C(R.sub.83a)(R.sub.83b), or Si(R.sub.83a)(R.sub.83b),

[0289] X.sub.84 may be O, S, N—[(L.sub.84).sub.b84-R.sub.84], C(R.sub.84a)(R.sub.84b), or Si(R.sub.84a)(R.sub.84b),

[0290] X.sub.85 may be C or Si,

[0291] L.sub.81 to L.sub.85 may each independently be a single bond, *—C(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5)-*′, *—Si(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5)-*′, a π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a pyridine group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, wherein Q.sub.4 and Q.sub.5 may each independently be the same as described in connection with Q.sub.1 as provided herein,

[0292] b81 to b85 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0293] R.sub.71 to R.sub.74, R.sub.81 to R.sub.85, R.sub.82a, R.sub.82b, R.sub.83a, R.sub.83b, R.sub.84a, and R.sub.84b may each be the same as described herein,

[0294] a71 to a74 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20, and

[0295] R.sub.10a may be the same as described herein.

[0296] In an embodiment, the fourth compound may be a compound represented by Formula 502, a compound represented by Formula 503, or any combination thereof:

##STR00095##

[0297] In Formulae 502 and 503,

[0298] ring A501 to ring A504 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0299] Y.sub.505 may be O, S, N(R.sub.505), B(R.sub.505), C(R.sub.505a)(R.sub.505b), or Si(R.sub.505a)(R.sub.505b),

[0300] Y.sub.506 may be O, S, N(R.sub.506), B(R.sub.506), C(R.sub.506a)(R.sub.506b), or Si(R.sub.506a)(R.sub.506b),

[0301] Y.sub.507 may be O, S, N(R.sub.507), B(R.sub.507), C(R.sub.507a)(R.sub.507b), or Si(R.sub.507a)(R.sub.507b),

[0302] Y.sub.508 may be O, S, N(R.sub.508), B(R.sub.508), C(R.sub.508a)(R.sub.508b), or Si(R.sub.508a)(R.sub.508b),

[0303] Y.sub.51 and Y.sub.52 may each independently be B, P(═O), or S(═O),

[0304] R.sub.500a, R.sub.500b, R.sub.501 to R.sub.508, R.sub.505a, R.sub.505b, R.sub.506a, R.sub.506b, R.sub.507a, R.sub.507b, R.sub.508a, and R.sub.508b may each be the same as described herein,

[0305] a501 to a504 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20, and

[0306] R.sub.10a may be the same as described herein.

[0307] [Description of Formulae 2, 3, 3-1 to 3-5, 502, and 503]

[0308] In Formula 2, b61 to b63 may respectively indicate the numbers of L.sub.61(s) to L.sub.63(s), and b61 to b63 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5. When b61 is 2 or greater, at least two L.sub.61(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b62 is 2 or greater, at least two L.sub.62(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b63 is 2 or greater, at least two L.sub.63(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In an embodiment, b61 to b63 may each independently be 1 or 2.

[0309] In embodiments, in Formula 2, L.sub.61 to L.sub.63 may each independently be:

[0310] a single bond; or

[0311] a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a dibenzooxacilline group, a dibenzothiacilline group, a dibenzodihydroazacilline group, a dibenzodihydrodicilline group, a dibenzodihydrocilline group, a dibenzodioxane group, a dibenzooxathiene group, a dibenzooxazine group, a dibenzopyran group, a dibenzodithiine group, a dibenzothiazine group, a dibenzothiopyran group, a dibenzocyclohexadiene group, a dibenzodihydropyridine group, or a dibenzodihydropyrazine group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a fluorenyl group, a dimethylfluorenyl group, a diphenylfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenylcarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a dimethyldibenzosilolyl group, a diphenyldibenzosilolyl group, —O(Q.sub.31), —S(Q.sub.31), —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —P(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or any combination thereof,

[0312] wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group.

[0313] In an embodiment, in Formula 2, a bond between L.sub.61 and R.sub.61, a bond between L.sub.62 and R.sub.62, a bond between L.sub.63 and R.sub.63, a bond between at least two L.sub.61(s), a bond between at least two L.sub.62(s), a bond between at least two L.sub.63(s), a bond between L.sub.61 and a carbon atom between X.sub.64 and X.sub.65 in Formula 2, a bond between L.sub.62 and a carbon atom between X.sub.64 and X.sub.66 in Formula 2, and a bond between L.sub.63 and a carbon atom between X.sub.65 and X.sub.66 in Formula 2 may each be a carbon-carbon single bond.

[0314] In Formula 2, X.sub.64 may be N or C(R.sub.64), X.sub.65 may be N or C(R.sub.65), X.sub.66 may be N or C(R.sub.66), and at least one of X.sub.64 to X.sub.66 may be N. R.sub.64 to R.sub.66 may each be the same as described herein. In an embodiment, two or three of X.sub.64 to X.sub.66 may each be N.

[0315] R.sub.61 to R.sub.66, R.sub.71 to R.sub.74, R.sub.81 to R.sub.85, R.sub.82a, R.sub.82b, R.sub.83a, R.sub.83b, R.sub.84a and R.sub.84b, R.sub.500a, R.sub.500b, R.sub.501 to R.sub.508, R.sub.505a, R.sub.505b, R.sub.506a, R.sub.506b, R.sub.507a, R.sub.507b, R.sub.508a, and R.sub.508b may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2).

[0316] Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each be the same as described herein.

[0317] In an embodiment, R.sub.61 to R.sub.66, R.sub.71 to R.sub.74, R.sub.81 to R.sub.85, R.sub.82a, R.sub.82b, R.sub.83a, R.sub.83b, R.sub.84a, R.sub.84b, R.sub.500a, R.sub.500b, R.sub.501 to R.sub.508, R.sub.505a, R.sub.505b, R.sub.506a, R.sub.506b, R.sub.507a, R.sub.507b, R.sub.508a, and R.sub.508b in Formulae 2, 3-1 to 3-5, 502, and 503; and R.sub.10a may each independently be:

[0318] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

[0319] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof;

[0320] a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, or a group represented by Formula 91, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, —O(Q.sub.31), —S(Q.sub.31), —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —P(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or any combination thereof; or

[0321] —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), and

[0322] Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be:

[0323] —CH.sub.3, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CD.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CD.sub.2H, —CH.sub.2CDH.sub.2, —CHDCH.sub.3, —CHDCD.sub.2H, —CHDCDH.sub.2, —CHDCD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2CD.sub.2H, or —CD.sub.2CDH.sub.2; or

[0324] an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof:

##STR00096##

[0325] wherein in Formula 91,

[0326] ring CY.sub.91 and ring CY.sub.92 may each independently be a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0327] X.sub.91 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.91), B(R.sub.91), C(R.sub.91a)(R.sub.11b), or Si(R.sub.91a)(R.sub.11b),

[0328] R.sub.91, R.sub.91a, and R.sub.91b may respectively be the same as described in connection with R.sub.82, R.sub.82a, and R.sub.82b as provided herein,

[0329] R.sub.10a may be the same as described herein, and

[0330] * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0331] In an embodiment, in Formula 91,

[0332] ring CY.sub.91 and ring CY.sub.92 may each independently be a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, or a triazine group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, and

[0333] R.sub.11, R.sub.11a, and R.sub.91b may each independently be:

[0334] hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; or

[0335] a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0336] In an embodiment, R.sub.61 to R.sub.66, R.sub.71 to R.sub.74, R.sub.81 to R.sub.85, R.sub.82a, R.sub.82b, R.sub.83a, R.sub.83b, R.sub.84a, R.sub.84b, R.sub.500a, R.sub.500b, R.sub.501 to R.sub.508, R.sub.505a, R.sub.505b, R.sub.506a, R.sub.506b, R.sub.507a, R.sub.507b, R.sub.508a, and R.sub.508b in Formulae 2, 3-1 to 3-5, 502, and 503; and R.sub.10a may each independently be:

[0337] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —CH.sub.3, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-249, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each be the same as described herein:

##STR00097## ##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103## ##STR00104## ##STR00105## ##STR00106## ##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109## ##STR00110## ##STR00111## ##STR00112## ##STR00113## ##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116## ##STR00117## ##STR00118## ##STR00119## ##STR00120## ##STR00121## ##STR00122## ##STR00123## ##STR00124## ##STR00125## ##STR00126## ##STR00127##

[0338] In Formulae 9-1 to 9-19 and 10-1 to 10-249, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, Ph represents a phenyl group, and TMS represents a trimethylsilyl group.

[0339] In Formulae 3-1 to 3-5, 502, and 503, a71 to a74 and a501 to a504 may respectively indicate the number of R.sub.71(s) to R.sub.74(s) and R.sub.501(s) to R.sub.504(s), and a71 to a74 and a501 to a504 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20. When a71 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.71 (S) may be identical to or different from each other, when a72 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.72(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a73 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.73(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a74 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.74(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a501 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.501(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a502 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.502(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a503 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.503(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a504 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.504(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In embodiments, a71 to a74 and a501 to a504 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 8.

[0340] In an embodiment, in Formula 2, the group represented by *-(L.sub.61).sub.b61-R.sub.61 and the group represented by *-(L.sub.62).sub.b62-R.sub.62 may not be a phenyl group.

[0341] In an embodiment, in Formula 2, the group represented by *-(L.sub.61).sub.b61-R.sub.61 may be identical to the group represented by *-(L.sub.62).sub.b62-R.sub.62.

[0342] In an embodiment, in Formula 2, the group represented by *-(L.sub.61).sub.b61-R.sub.61 and the group represented by *-(L.sub.62).sub.b62-R.sub.62 may be different from each other.

[0343] In an embodiment, in Formula 2, b61 and b62 may each independently be 1, 2, or 3; and L.sub.61 and L.sub.62 may each independently be a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrazine group, or a triazine group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0344] In an embodiment, in Formula 2, R.sub.61 and R.sub.62 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), or —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

[0345] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0346] In an embodiment, in Formula 2,

[0347] the group represented by *-(L.sub.61).sub.b61-R.sub.61 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY51-1 to CY51-26, and/or

[0348] the group represented by *-(L.sub.62).sub.b62-R.sub.62 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY52-1 to CY52-26, and/or

[0349] the group represented by *-(L.sub.63).sub.b63-R.sub.63 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY53-1 to CY53-27, —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), or —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3):

##STR00128## ##STR00129## ##STR00130## ##STR00131## ##STR00132## ##STR00133## ##STR00134## ##STR00135## ##STR00136## ##STR00137## ##STR00138## ##STR00139##

[0350] In Formulae CY51-1 to CY51-26, CY52-1 to CY52-26, and CY53-1 to CY53-27,

[0351] Y.sub.63 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.63), B(R.sub.63), C(R.sub.63a)(R.sub.63b), or Si(R.sub.63a)(R.sub.63b),

[0352] Y.sub.64 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.64), B(R.sub.64), C(R.sub.64a)(R.sub.64b), or Si(R.sub.64a)(R.sub.64b),

[0353] Y.sub.67 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.67), B(R.sub.67), C(R.sub.67a)(R.sub.67b), or Si(R.sub.67a)(R.sub.67b),

[0354] Y.sub.68 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.68), B(R.sub.68), C(R.sub.68a)(R.sub.68b), or Si(R.sub.68a)(R.sub.68b),

[0355] Y.sub.63 and Y.sub.64 in Formulae CY51-16 and CY51-17 may not each be a single bond at the same time,

[0356] Y.sub.67 and Y.sub.68 in Formulae CY52-16 and CY52-17 may not each be a single bond at the same time,

[0357] R.sub.51a to R.sub.51e, R.sub.61 to R.sub.64, R.sub.63a, R.sub.63b, R.sub.64a, and R.sub.64b may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.61, wherein R.sub.51a to R.sub.51e may not each be hydrogen,

[0358] R.sub.52a to R.sub.52e, R.sub.65 to R.sub.68, R.sub.67a, R.sub.67b, R.sub.68a, and R.sub.68b may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.62, wherein R.sub.52a to R.sub.52e may not each be hydrogen,

[0359] R.sub.53a to R.sub.53e, R.sub.69a, and R.sub.69b may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.63, wherein R.sub.53a to R.sub.53e may not each be hydrogen, and

[0360] * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0361] In an embodiment,

[0362] R.sub.51a to R.sub.51e and R.sub.52a to R.sub.52e in Formulae CY51-1 to CY51-26 and Formulae CY52-1 to 52-26 may each independently be:

[0363] a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, or a group represented by Formula 91, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof; or

[0364] —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3) or —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

[0365] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof,

[0366] in Formulae CY51-16 and CY51-17, Y.sub.63 may be O or S and Y.sub.64 may be Si(R.sub.64a)(R.sub.64b); or Y.sub.63 may be Si(R.sub.63a)(R.sub.63b) and Y.sub.64 may be O or S, and

[0367] in Formulae CY52-16 and CY52-17, Y.sub.67 may be O or S and Y.sub.68 may be Si(R.sub.68a)(R.sub.68b); or Y.sub.67 may be Si(R.sub.67a)(R.sub.67b) and Y.sub.68 may be O or S.

[0368] In an embodiment, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-5, L.sub.81 to L.sub.85 may each independently be:

[0369] a single bond; or

[0370] *—C(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5)-*′ or *—Si(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5)-*′; or

[0371] a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, an indene group, a fluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, or a benzothiadiazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a fluorenyl group, a dimethylfluorenyl group, a diphenylfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenylcarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a dimethyldibenzosilolyl group, a diphenyldibenzosilolyl group, —O(Q.sub.31), —S(Q.sub.31), —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —P(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or any combination thereof,

[0372] wherein Q.sub.4, Q.sub.5, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group.

[0373] In an embodiment, a group represented by

##STR00140##

in Formulae 3-1 and 3-2 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY71-1(1) to CY71-1(8), and/or

[0374] a group represented by

##STR00141##

in Formulae 3-1 and 3-3 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY71-2(1) to CY71-2(8), and/or

[0375] a group represented by

##STR00142##

in Formulae 3-2 and 3-4 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY71-3(1) to CY71-3(32), and/or

[0376] a group represented by

##STR00143##

in Formulae 3-3 to 3-5 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY71-4(1) to CY71-4(32), and/or

[0377] a group represented by

##STR00144##

in Formula 3-5 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY71-5(1) to CY71-5(8):

##STR00145## ##STR00146## ##STR00147## ##STR00148## ##STR00149## ##STR00150## ##STR00151## ##STR00152## ##STR00153## ##STR00154## ##STR00155## ##STR00156## ##STR00157## ##STR00158## ##STR00159##

[0378] In Formulae CY71-1(1) to CY71-1(8), CY71-2(1) to CY71-2(8), CY71-3(1) to CY71-3(32), CY71-4(1) to CY71-4(32), and CY71-5(1) to CY71-5(8),

[0379] X.sub.81 to X.sub.85, L.sub.81, b81, R.sub.81, and R.sub.85 may each be the same as described herein,

[0380] X.sub.86 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.86), B(R.sub.85), C(R.sub.86a)(R.sub.8b), or Si(R.sub.86a)(R.sub.8b),

[0381] X.sub.87 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.87), B(R.sub.87), C(R.sub.8a)(R.sub.87b), or Si(R.sub.87a)(R.sub.87b),

[0382] in Formulae CY71-1(1) to CY71-1(8) and CY71-4(1) to CY71-4(32), X.sub.86 and X.sub.87 may not each be a single bond at the same time,

[0383] X.sub.88 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.88), B(R.sub.88), C(R.sub.88a)(R.sub.88b), or Si(R.sub.88a)(R.sub.88b),

[0384] X.sub.89 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.89), B(R.sub.89), C(R.sub.89a)(R.sub.89b), or Si(R.sub.89a)(R.sub.89b),

[0385] in Formulae CY71-2(1) to CY71-2(8), CY71-3(1) to CY71-3(32), and CY71-5(1) to CY71-5(8), X.sub.88 and X.sub.89 may not each be a single bond at the same time, and

[0386] R.sub.86 to R.sub.89, R.sub.86a, R.sub.86b, R.sub.87a, R.sub.87b, R.sub.88a, R.sub.88b, R.sub.89a, and R.sub.89b may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.81.

[0387] [Examples of Second Compound, Third Compound, and Fourth Compound]

[0388] In an embodiment, the second compound may include at least one of Compounds ETH1 to ETH85:

##STR00160## ##STR00161## ##STR00162## ##STR00163## ##STR00164## ##STR00165## ##STR00166## ##STR00167## ##STR00168## ##STR00169## ##STR00170## ##STR00171## ##STR00172## ##STR00173## ##STR00174## ##STR00175## ##STR00176## ##STR00177## ##STR00178## ##STR00179## ##STR00180## ##STR00181##

[0389] In an embodiment, the third compound may include at least one of Compounds HTH1 to HTH52:

##STR00182## ##STR00183## ##STR00184## ##STR00185## ##STR00186## ##STR00187## ##STR00188## ##STR00189## ##STR00190## ##STR00191## ##STR00192## ##STR00193## ##STR00194##

[0390] In an embodiment, the fourth compound may include at least one of Compounds DFD1 to DFD12:

##STR00195## ##STR00196## ##STR00197##

[0391] In Compounds ETH1 to ETH84, HTH1 to HTH52, and DFD1 to DFD12, “Ph” represents a phenyl group, “D.sub.5” represents substitution with five deuterium atoms, and “D.sub.4” represents substitution with four deuterium atoms. For example, a group represented by

##STR00198##

may be identical to a group represented by

##STR00199##

[0392] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may satisfy at least one of Conditions 1 to 4:

[0393] [Condition 1]

[0394] LUMO energy level (eV) of the third compound > LUMO energy level (eV) of the first compound;

[0395] [Condition 2]

[0396] LUMO energy level (eV) of the first compound > LUMO energy level (eV) of the second compound;

[0397] [Condition 3]

[0398] HOMO energy level (eV) of the first compound > HOMO energy level (eV) of the third compound;

[0399] [Condition 4]

[0400] HOMO energy level (eV) of the third compound > HOMO energy level (eV) of the second compound.

[0401] A highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of each of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound may each be a negative value, and may be measured according to any suitable method in the related art.

[0402] In an embodiment, an absolute value of a difference between the LUMO energy level of the first compound and the LUMO energy level of the second compound may be in a range of about 0.1 eV to about 1.0 eV, an absolute value of a difference between the LUMO energy level of the first compound and the LUMO energy level of the third compound may be in a range of about 0.1 eV to about 1.0 eV, an absolute value of a difference between the HOMO energy level of the first compound and the HOMO energy level of the second compound may be equal to or less than about 1.25 eV (e.g., in a range of about 0.2 eV to about 1.25 eV), and an absolute value of a difference between the HOMO energy level of the first compound and the HOMO energy level of the third compound may be equal to or less than about 1.25 eV (e.g., in a range of about 0.2 eV to about 1.25 eV).

[0403] When the relationships between the LUMO energy level and the HOMO energy level satisfy the conditions described above, a balance between holes and electrons injected into the emission layer may be obtained.

[0404] The light-emitting device may have a structure described in a first embodiment or a second embodiment.

Descriptions of First Embodiment

[0405] According to a first embodiment, the first compound may be included in an emission layer in an interlayer of a light-emitting device, wherein the emission layer may further include a host, the first compound may be different from the host, and the emission layer may emit phosphorescence or fluorescence from the first compound. For example, according to the first embodiment, the first compound may be a dopant or an emitter. In an embodiment, the first compound may be a phosphorescent dopant or a phosphorescence emitter.

[0406] Phosphorescence or fluorescence emitted from the first compound may be blue light.

[0407] The emission layer may further include an auxiliary dopant. The auxiliary dopant may serve to improve luminescence efficiency from the first compound by effectively transferring energy to a dopant or to the first compound as an emitter.

[0408] The auxiliary dopant may be different from the first compound and the host.

[0409] In an embodiment, the auxiliary dopant may be a delayed fluorescence-emitting compound.

[0410] In an embodiment, the auxiliary dopant may be a compound including at least one cyclic group including boron (B) and nitrogen (N) as ring-forming atoms.

Description of Second Embodiment

[0411] According to a second embodiment, the first compound may be included in an emission layer in an interlayer of a light-emitting device, wherein the emission layer may further include a host and a dopant, the first compound may be different from the host and the dopant, and the emission layer may emit phosphorescence or fluorescence (e.g., delayed fluorescence) from the dopant.

[0412] In an embodiment, the first compound in the second embodiment may serve as an auxiliary dopant that transfers energy to a dopant (or an emitter), and may not serve as a dopant.

[0413] In an embodiment, the first compound in the second embodiment may serve as an emitter and as an auxiliary dopant that transfers energy to a dopant (or to an emitter).

[0414] In an embodiment, phosphorescence or fluorescence emitted from the dopant (or the emitter) in the second embodiment may be blue phosphorescence or blue fluorescence (e.g., blue delayed fluorescence).

[0415] The dopant (or the emitter) in the second embodiment may be a phosphorescent dopant material (e.g., the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 401, or any combination thereof) or any fluorescent dopant material (e.g., the compound represented by Formula 501, the compound represented by Formula 502, the compound represented by Formula 503, or any combination thereof).

[0416] The blue light of the first embodiment and of the second embodiment may be blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 480 nm. For example, the blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 475 nm. For example, the blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 475 nm. For example, the blue light may have a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 455 nm to about 470 nm.

[0417] The auxiliary dopant in the first embodiment may include, for example, the fourth compound represented by Formula 502 or 503.

[0418] The host in the first embodiment and in the second embodiment may be any host material (e.g., a compound represented by Formula 301, a compound represented by 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof).

[0419] In an embodiment, the host in the first embodiment and in the second embodiment may be the second compound, the third compound, or any combination thereof, as described herein.

[0420] According to embodiments, provided is an electronic apparatus which may include the light-emitting device. The electronic apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor. In an embodiment, the electronic apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor including a source electrode and a drain electrode, wherein the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

[0421] In an embodiment, the electronic apparatus may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.

[0422] In an embodiment, the electronic apparatus may further include a color filter, a quantum dot color conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof. The quantum dot color conversion layer may be a quantum dot-containing color conversion layer including quantum dots.

[0423] Further details on the electronic apparatus are as described in the specification.

[0424] According to embodiments, provided is a consumer product which may include the light-emitting device.

[0425] In an embodiment, the consumer product may be one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a light for signal, a head-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a portable phone, a tablet personal computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a micro display, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall with multiple displays tiled together, a theater or stadium screen, a phototherapy device, and a signboard.

[0426] According to embodiments, provided is the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. Formula 1 is the same as described herein.

[0427] [Description of FIG. 1]

[0428] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an interlayer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0429] Hereinafter, a structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10 will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

[0430] [First Electrode 110]

[0431] In FIG. 1, a substrate may be further included under the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 150. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. In an embodiment, the substrate may be a flexible substrate, and may include plastics with excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0432] The first electrode 110 may be formed by, for example, depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may be a high work function material that facilitates injection of holes.

[0433] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0434] The first electrode 110 may have a structure consisting of a single layer or a structure including multiple layers. In an embodiment, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

[0435] [Interlayer 130]

[0436] The interlayer 130 may be located on the first electrode 110. The interlayer 130 may include an emission layer.

[0437] The interlayer 130 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 150.

[0438] The interlayer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds such as organometallic compounds, inorganic materials such as quantum dots, or the like, in addition to various organic materials.

[0439] In an embodiment, the interlayer 130 may include two or more emitting units stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and at least one charge generation layer located between the two or more emitting units. When the interlayer 130 includes the two or more emitting units and the at least one charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting device 10 may be a tandem light-emitting device.

[0440] [Hole Transport Region in Interlayer 130]

[0441] The hole transport region may have a structure consisting of a layer consisting of a single material, a structure consisting of a layer consisting of different materials, or a structure including multiple layers including different materials.

[0442] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0443] For example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layered structure including a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein the layers of each structure may be stacked from the first electrode 110 in its respective stated order, but the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

[0444] The hole transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

##STR00200##

[0445] In Formulae 201 and 202,

[0446] L.sub.201 to L.sub.204 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0447] L.sub.205 may be *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q.sub.201)-*′, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0448] xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0449] xa5 may be an integer from 1 to 10,

[0450] R.sub.201 to R.sub.204 and Q.sub.201 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0451] R.sub.201 and R.sub.202 may optionally be linked to each other, via a single bond, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.5 alkenylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, to form a C.sub.8-C.sub.60 polycyclic group (for example, a carbazole group or the like) unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a (for example, Compound HT16),

[0452] R.sub.203 and R.sub.204 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.5 alkenylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, to form a C.sub.8-C.sub.60 polycyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, and

[0453] na1 may be an integer from 1 to 4.

[0454] In an embodiment, each of Formulae 201 and 202 may include at least one of groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY217:

##STR00201## ##STR00202## ##STR00203## ##STR00204## ##STR00205## ##STR00206## ##STR00207##

[0455] In Formulae CY201 to CY217, R.sub.10b and R.sub.10c may each independently be the same as described with respect to R.sub.10a, ring CY.sub.201 to ring CY.sub.204 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.20 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in Formulae CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or substituted with R.sub.10a as described herein.

[0456] In an embodiment, in Formulae CY201 to CY217, ring CY.sub.201 to ring CY.sub.204 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, or an anthracene group.

[0457] In an embodiment, each of Formulae 201 and 202 may include at least one of groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203.

[0458] In an embodiment, Formula 201 may include at least one of groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203 and at least one of groups represented by Formulae CY204 to CY217.

[0459] In an embodiment, in Formula 201, xa1 may be 1, R.sub.201 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY201 to CY203, xa2 may be 0, and R.sub.202 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY204 to CY207.

[0460] In an embodiment, each of Formulae 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203.

[0461] In an embodiment, each of Formulae 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203, and may include at least one of groups represented by Formulae CY204 to CY217.

[0462] In an embodiment, each of Formulae 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY217.

[0463] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include one of Compounds HT1 to HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), p-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI/PSS), or any combination thereof:

##STR00208## ##STR00209## ##STR00210## ##STR00211## ##STR00212## ##STR00213## ##STR00214## ##STR00215## ##STR00216## ##STR00217## ##STR00218##

[0464] A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 10,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 4,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole-transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0465] The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance of a wavelength of light emitted by an emission layer, and the electron blocking layer may block the leakage of electrons from an emission layer to a hole transport region. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region may be included in the emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0466] [p-Dopant]

[0467] The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (for example, in the form of a single layer consisting of a charge-generation material).

[0468] The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0469] In an embodiment, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the p-dopant may be equal to or less than about −3.5 eV.

[0470] In an embodiment, the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, a cyano group-containing compound, a compound containing an element EL1 and an element EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0471] Examples of the quinone derivative may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, and the like.

[0472] Examples of the cyano group-containing compound may include HAT-CN, a compound represented by Formula 221, and the like.

##STR00219##

[0473] In Formula 221,

[0474] R.sub.221 to R.sub.223 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, and

[0475] at least one of R.sub.221 to R.sub.223 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, each substituted with: a cyano group; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group substituted with a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, or any combination thereof; or any combination thereof.

[0476] In the compound containing the element EL1 and the element EL2, the element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and the element EL2 may be a non-metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0477] Examples of the metal may include: an alkali metal (for example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); an alkaline earth metal (for example, beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); a transition metal (for example, titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.); a post-transition metal (for example, zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); and a lanthanide metal (for example, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0478] Examples of the metalloid may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te).

[0479] Examples of the non-metal may include oxygen (O) and a halogen (for example, F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0480] In an embodiment, examples of the compound containing element EL1 and element EL2 may include a metal oxide, a metal halide (for example, a metal fluoride, a metal chloride, a metal bromide, or a metal iodide), a metalloid halide (for example, a metalloid fluoride, a metalloid chloride, a metalloid bromide, or a metalloid iodide), a metal telluride, or any combination thereof.

[0481] Examples of the metal oxide may include tungsten oxide (for example, WO, W.sub.2O.sub.3, WO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, W.sub.2O.sub.5, etc.), vanadium oxide (for example, VO, V.sub.2O.sub.3, VO.sub.2, V.sub.2O.sub.5, etc.), molybdenum oxide (MoO, Mo.sub.2O.sub.3, MoO.sub.2, MoO.sub.3, Mo.sub.2O.sub.5, etc.), and rhenium oxide (for example, ReO.sub.3, etc.).

[0482] Examples of the metal halide may include an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a transition metal halide, a post-transition metal halide, and a lanthanide metal halide.

[0483] Examples of the alkali metal halide may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI.

[0484] Examples of the alkaline earth metal halide may include BeF.sub.2, MgF.sub.2, CaF.sub.2, SrF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2, BeCl.sub.2, MgCl.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2), SrCl.sub.2, BaCl.sub.2, BeBr.sub.2, MgBr.sub.2, CaBr.sub.2, SrBr.sub.2, BaBr.sub.2, BeI.sub.2, Mg.sub.12, CaI.sub.2, SrI.sub.2, and BaI.sub.2.

[0485] Examples of the transition metal halide may include a titanium halide (for example, TiF.sub.4, TiCl.sub.4, TiBr.sub.4, TiI.sub.4, etc.), a zirconium halide (for example, ZrF.sub.4, ZrCl.sub.4, ZrBr.sub.4, ZrI.sub.4, etc.), a hafnium halide (for example, HfF.sub.4, HfCl.sub.4, HfBr.sub.4, HfI.sub.4, etc.), a vanadium halide (for example, VF.sub.3, VCl.sub.3, VBr.sub.3, VI.sub.3, etc.), a niobium halide (for example, NbF.sub.3, NbCl.sub.3, NbBr.sub.3, NbI.sub.3, etc.), a tantalum halide (for example, TaF.sub.3, TaCl.sub.3, TaBr.sub.3, TaI.sub.3, etc.), a chromium halide (for example, CrF.sub.3, CrCl.sub.3, CrBr.sub.3, CrI.sub.3, etc.), a molybdenum halide (for example, MoF.sub.3, MoCl.sub.3, MoBr.sub.3, MoI.sub.3, etc.), a tungsten halide (for example, WF.sub.3, WCl.sub.3, WBr.sub.3, WI.sub.3, etc.), a manganese halide (for example, MnF.sub.2, MnCl.sub.2, MnBr.sub.2, MnI.sub.2, etc.), a technetium halide (for example, TcF.sub.2, TcCl.sub.2, TcBr.sub.2, TcI.sub.2, etc.), a rhenium halide (for example, ReF.sub.2, ReCl.sub.2, ReBr.sub.2, ReI.sub.2, etc.), an iron halide (for example, FeF.sub.2, FeCl.sub.2, FeBr.sub.2, FeI.sub.2, etc.), a ruthenium halide (for example, RuF.sub.2, RuCl.sub.2, RuBr.sub.2, RuI.sub.2, etc.), an osmium halide (for example, OsF.sub.2, OSCl.sub.2, OsBr.sub.2, OSI.sub.2, etc.), a cobalt halide (for example, CoF.sub.2, COCl.sub.2, CoBr.sub.2, CoI.sub.2, etc.), a rhodium halide (for example, RhF.sub.2, RhCl.sub.2, RhBr.sub.2, RhI.sub.2, etc.), an iridium halide (for example, IrF.sub.2, IrCl.sub.2, IrBr.sub.2, IrI.sub.2, etc.), a nickel halide (for example, NiF.sub.2, NiCl.sub.2, NiBr.sub.2, NiI.sub.2, etc.), a palladium halide (for example, PdF.sub.2, PdCl.sub.2, PdBr.sub.2, PdI.sub.2, etc.), a platinum halide (for example, PtF.sub.2, PtCl.sub.2, PtBr.sub.2, PtI.sub.2, etc.), a copper halide (for example, CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), a silver halide (for example, AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.), and a gold halide (for example, AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.).

[0486] Examples of the post-transition metal halide may include a zinc halide (for example, ZnF.sub.2, ZnCl.sub.2, ZnBr.sub.2, ZnI.sub.2, etc.), an indium halide (for example, InI.sub.3, etc.), and a tin halide (for example, SnI.sub.2, etc.).

[0487] Examples of the lanthanide metal halide may include YbF, YbF.sub.2, YbF.sub.3, SmF.sub.3, YbCl, YbCl.sub.2, YbCl.sub.3, SmCl.sub.3, YbBr, YbBr.sub.2, YbBr.sub.3, SmBr.sub.3, YbI, YbI.sub.2, YbI.sub.3, and SmI.sub.3.

[0488] Examples of the metalloid halide may include an antimony halide (for example, SbCl.sub.5, etc.).

[0489] Examples of the metal telluride may include an alkali metal telluride (for example, Li.sub.2Te, Na.sub.2Te, K.sub.2Te, Rb.sub.2Te, Cs.sub.2Te, etc.), an alkaline earth metal telluride (for example, BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), a transition metal telluride (for example, TiTe.sub.2, ZrTe.sub.2, HfTe.sub.2, V.sub.2Te.sub.3, Nb.sub.2Te.sub.3, Ta.sub.2Te.sub.3, Cr.sub.2Te.sub.3, Mo.sub.2Te.sub.3, W.sub.2Te.sub.3, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu.sub.2Te, CuTe, Ag.sub.2Te, AgTe, Au.sub.2Te, etc.), a post-transition metal telluride (for example, ZnTe, etc.), and a lanthanide metal telluride (for example, LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0490] [Emission Layer in Interlayer 130]

[0491] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, according to a subpixel. In an embodiment, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers of a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, in which the two or more layers may contact each other or may be separated from each other. In an embodiment, the emission layer may include two or more materials of a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material, in which the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0492] The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0493] An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host.

[0494] In an embodiment, the emission layer may include a quantum dot.

[0495] In an embodiment, the emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may serve as a host or as a dopant in the emission layer.

[0496] A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0497] [Host]

[0498] The host in the emission layer may include the second compound or the third compound as described in the specification, or any combination thereof.

[0499] In an embodiment, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301:

[Ar.sub.301].sub.xb11-[(L.sub.301).sub.xb1-R.sub.301].sub.xb21  [Formula 301]

[0500] In Formula 301,

[0501] Ar.sub.301 and L.sub.301 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0502] xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0503] xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0504] R.sub.301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303), —N(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —B(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —C(═O)(Q.sub.301), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.301), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302),

[0505] xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5, and

[0506] Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 may each independently be the same as described in connection with Q.sub.1.

[0507] In an embodiment, in Formula 301, when xb11 is 2 or more, two or more Ar.sub.301(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

[0508] In an embodiment, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

##STR00220##

[0509] In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

[0510] ring A301 to ring A304 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0511] X.sub.301 may be O, S, N—[(L.sub.304).sub.xb4-R.sub.304], C(R.sub.304)(R.sub.305), or Si(R.sub.304)(R.sub.305),

[0512] xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

[0513] L.sub.301, xb1, and R.sub.301 may each be the same as described herein,

[0514] L.sub.302 to L.sub.304 may each independently be the same as described in connection with L.sub.301,

[0515] xb2 to xb4 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xb1, and

[0516] R.sub.302 to R.sub.305 and R.sub.311 to R.sub.314 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.301.

[0517] In an embodiment, the host may include an alkali earth metal complex, a post-transition metal complex, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the host may include a Be complex (for example, Compound H55), an Mg complex, a Zn complex, or a combination thereof.

[0518] In an embodiment, the host may include one of Compounds H1 to H124, 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), or any combination thereof:

##STR00221## ##STR00222## ##STR00223## ##STR00224## ##STR00225## ##STR00226## ##STR00227## ##STR00228## ##STR00229## ##STR00230## ##STR00231## ##STR00232## ##STR00233## ##STR00234##

[0519] In an embodiment, the host may include a silicon-containing compound, a phosphine oxide-containing compound, or any combination thereof.

[0520] The host may have various modifications. In an embodiment, the host may include only one kind of compound, or may include two or more kinds of different compounds.

[0521] [Phosphorescent Dopant]

[0522] The emission layer may include the first compound as described in the specification, as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0523] In an embodiment, when the emission layer includes the first compound as described herein and the first compound serves as an auxiliary dopant, the emission layer may include a phosphorescent dopant.

[0524] The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one transition metal as a central metal.

[0525] The phosphorescent dopant may include a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, a tetradentate ligand, a pentadentate ligand, a hexadentate ligand, or any combination thereof.

[0526] The phosphorescent dopant may be electrically neutral.

[0527] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 401:

##STR00235##

[0528] In Formulae 401 and 402,

[0529] M may be a transition metal (for example, iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)),

[0530] L.sub.401 may be a ligand represented by Formula 402, and xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is two or more, two or more L.sub.401 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0531] L.sub.402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein when xc2 is 2 or more, two or more L.sub.402(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0532] X.sub.401 and X.sub.402 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0533] ring A.sub.401 and ring A.sub.402 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0534] T.sub.401 may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q.sub.411)-*′, *—C(Q.sub.411)(Q.sub.412)-*′, *—C(Q.sub.411)=C(Q.sub.412)-*′, *—C(Q.sub.411)=*′, or *═C═*′,

[0535] X.sub.403 and X.sub.404 may each independently be a chemical bond (for example, a covalent bond or a coordinate bond), O, S, N(Q.sub.413), B(Q.sub.413), P(Q.sub.413), C(Q.sub.413)(Q.sub.414), or Si(Q.sub.413)(Q.sub.414),

[0536] Q.sub.411 to Q.sub.414 may each independently be the same as described in connection with Q.sub.1,

[0537] R.sub.401 and R.sub.402 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —Si(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402)(Q.sub.403), —N(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402), —B(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402), —C(═O)(Q.sub.401), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.401), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402),

[0538] Q.sub.401 to Q.sub.403 may each independently be the same as described in connection with Q.sub.1,

[0539] xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

[0540] * and *′ in Formula 402 each indicate a binding site to M in Formula 401.

[0541] In an embodiment, in Formula 402, X.sub.401 may be nitrogen and X.sub.402 may be carbon, or each of X.sub.401 and X.sub.402 may be nitrogen.

[0542] In an embodiment, in Formula 401, when xc1 is 2 or more, two ring A401 in two or more L.sub.401(s) may be optionally linked to each other via T.sub.402, which is a linking group, and two ring A.sub.402 may optionally be linked to each other via T.sub.403, which is a linking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). T.sub.402 and T.sub.403 may each independently be the same as described in connection with T.sub.401.

[0543] In Formula 401, L.sub.402 may be an organic ligand. In an embodiment, L.sub.402 may include a halogen group, a diketone group (for example, an acetylacetonate group), a carboxylic acid group (for example, a picolinate group), —C(═O), an isonitrile group, —CN group, a phosphorus group (for example, a phosphine group, a phosphite group, etc.), or any combination thereof.

[0544] The phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, one of Compounds PD1 to PD39, or any combination thereof:

##STR00236## ##STR00237## ##STR00238## ##STR00239##

[0545] [Fluorescent Dopant]

[0546] When the emission layer includes the first compound as described in the specification and the first compound serves as an auxiliary dopant, the emission layer may further include a fluorescent dopant.

[0547] In an embodiment, when the emission layer includes the first compound as described in the specification and the first compound serves as a phosphorescent dopant, the emission layer may further include an auxiliary dopant.

[0548] The fluorescent dopant and the auxiliary dopant may each independently include an amine group-containing compound, a styryl group-containing compound, or any combination thereof.

[0549] In an embodiment, the fluorescent dopant and the auxiliary dopant may each independently include a compound represented by Formula 501:

##STR00240##

[0550] In Formula 501,

[0551] Ar.sub.501, L.sub.501 to L.sub.503, R.sub.501, and R.sub.502 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0552] xd1 to xd3 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0553] xd4 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0554] In an embodiment, in Formula 501, Ar.sub.501 may be a condensed cyclic group (for example, an anthracene group, a chrysene group, or a pyrene group) in which three or more monocyclic groups are condensed together.

[0555] In an embodiment, in Formula 501, xd4 may be 2.

[0556] In an embodiment, the fluorescent dopant and the auxiliary dopant may each independently include one of Compounds FD1 to FD36, DPVBi, DPAVBi, or any combination thereof:

##STR00241## ##STR00242## ##STR00243## ##STR00244## ##STR00245## ##STR00246## ##STR00247## ##STR00248## ##STR00249## ##STR00250##

[0557] In an embodiment, the fluorescent dopant and the auxiliary dopant may each independently include the fourth compound represented by Formula 502 or 503 as described herein.

[0558] [Delayed Fluorescence Material]

[0559] The emission layer may include, as a delayed fluorescence material, the fourth compound as described herein.

[0560] In an embodiment, the emission layer may include the fourth compound, and may further include a delayed fluorescence material.

[0561] In the specification, the delayed fluorescence material may be selected from compounds capable of emitting delayed fluorescence based on a delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0562] The delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer may serve as a host or as a dopant, depending on the type of other materials included in the emission layer.

[0563] In an embodiment, a difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence material and a singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence material may be greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.5 eV. When the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence material and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence material satisfies the above-described range, up-conversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescence materials may effectively occur, and thus, the luminescence efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 may be improved.

[0564] In an embodiment, the delayed fluorescence material may include: a material including at least one electron donor (for example, a π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group, such as a carbazole group) and at least one electron acceptor (for example, a sulfoxide group, a cyano group, or a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group); or a material including a C.sub.8-C.sub.60 polycyclic group in which two or more cyclic groups are condensed while sharing boron (B).

[0565] Examples of the delayed fluorescence material may include at least one of Compounds DF1 to DF9:

##STR00251## ##STR00252## ##STR00253##

[0566] [Quantum Dot]

[0567] The emission layer may include a quantum dot.

[0568] In the specification, a quantum dot may be a crystal of a semiconductor compound, and may include any material capable of emitting light of various emission wavelengths according to a size of the crystal.

[0569] A diameter of the quantum dot may be, for example, in a range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0570] The quantum dot may be synthesized by a wet chemical process, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, a molecular beam epitaxy process, or any process similar thereto.

[0571] According to the wet chemical process, a precursor material is mixed with an organic solvent to grow a quantum dot particle crystal. When the crystal grows, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystal and controls the growth of the crystal so that the growth of quantum dot particles may be controlled through a process which may be more readily performed than vapor deposition methods, such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and which requires low costs.

[0572] The quantum dot may include a Group II-VI semiconductor compound, a Group III-V semiconductor compound, a Group III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV element or compound, or any combination thereof.

[0573] Examples of the Group II-VI semiconductor compound may include: a binary compound, such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, or MgS; a ternary compound, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, or MgZnS; a quaternary compound, such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, or HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0574] Examples of the Group III-V semiconductor compound may include: a binary compound, such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSbAlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSbInN, InP, InAs, or InSb; a ternary compound, such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSbGaPAs, GaPSbAlNP, AlNAs, AlNSbAlPAs, AlPSbInGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSbInPAs, or InPSb; a quaternary compound, such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSbGaAlPAs, GaAlPSb GaInNP, GaInNAs, GalnNSbGaInPAs, GaInPSbInAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSbInAlPAs, or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the Group III-V semiconductor compound may further include a Group II element. Examples of the Group III-V semiconductor compound further including a Group II element may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, and the like.

[0575] Examples of the Group III-VI semiconductor compound may include: a binary compound, such as GaS, GaSe, Ga.sub.2Se.sub.3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In.sub.2S.sub.3, In.sub.2Se.sub.3, or InTe; a ternary compound, such as InGaS.sub.3, or InGaSe.sub.3; or any combination thereof.

[0576] Examples of the Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound may include: a ternary compound, such as AgInS, AgInS.sub.2, CuInS, CuInS.sub.2, CuGaO.sub.2, AgGaO.sub.2, or AgAlO.sub.2; or any combination thereof.

[0577] Examples of the Group IV-VI semiconductor compound may include: a binary compound, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, or the like; a ternary compound, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, or the like; a quaternary compound, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, or the like; or any combination thereof.

[0578] Examples of the Group IV element or compound may include: a single element material, such as Si or Ge; a binary compound, such as SiC or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0579] Each element included in a multi-element compound such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound, may exist in a particle at a uniform concentration or at a non-uniform concentration.

[0580] In an embodiment, the quantum dot may have a single structure or a core-shell structure. In the case of the quantum dot having a single structure, the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot may be uniform. In the case of the quantum dot having a core-shell structure, a material included in the core and a material included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0581] The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical degeneration of the core to maintain semiconductor characteristics and/or may serve as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic characteristics to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or a multi-layer. An interface between the core and the shell of the quantum dot may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of a material that is present in the shell decreases toward the core.

[0582] Examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a non-metal oxide, a semiconductor compound, and any combination thereof. Examples of the metal oxide, the metalloid oxide, or the non-metal oxide may include: a binary compound, such as SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, ZnO, MnO, Mn.sub.2O.sub.3, Mn.sub.3O.sub.4, CuO, FeO, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3O.sub.4, CoO, Co.sub.3O.sub.4, or NiO; a ternary compound, such as MgAl.sub.2O.sub.4, CoFe.sub.2O.sub.4, NiFe.sub.2O.sub.4, or CoMn.sub.2O.sub.4; or any combination thereof. Examples of the semiconductor compound may include, as described herein, a Group II-VI semiconductor compound, a Group III-V semiconductor compound, a Group III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV-VI semiconductor compound, or any combination thereof. For example, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSbHgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSbAlAs, AlP, AlSb or any combination thereof.

[0583] A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot may be equal to or less than about 45 nm. For example, a FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot may be equal to or less than about 40 nm. For example, a FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot may be equal to or less than about 30 nm. Within these ranges, color purity or color reproducibility may be increased. Light emitted through the quantum dot may be emitted in all directions, so that a wide viewing angle can be improved.

[0584] The quantum dot may be a spherical particle, a pyramidal particle, a multi-arm particle, a cubic nanoparticle, a nanotube particle, a nanowire particle, a nanofiber particle, or a nanoplate particle.

[0585] Since the energy band gap can be adjusted by controlling the size of the quantum dot, light having various wavelength bands can be obtained from the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by utilizing quantum dots of different sizes, a light-emitting device that emits light of various wavelengths may be implemented. In an embodiment, the size of the quantum dot may be selected to emit red, green, and/or blue light. For examples, the size of the quantum dot may be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0586] [Electron Transport Region in Interlayer 130]

[0587] The electron transport region may have a structure consisting of a layer consisting of a single material, a structure consisting of a layer consisting of different materials, or a structure including multiple layers including different materials.

[0588] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0589] For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, wherein the layers of each structure may be stacked from an emission layer in its respective stated order, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto.

[0590] In an embodiment, the electron transport region (for example, the buffer layer, the hole-blocking layer, the electron control layer, or the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound including at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group.

[0591] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601.

[Ar.sub.601].sub.xe11-[(L.sub.601).sub.xe1-R.sub.601].sub.xe21  [Formula 601]

[0592] In Formula 601,

[0593] Ar.sub.601 and L.sub.601 may each independently be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a,

[0594] xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0595] xe1 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,

[0596] R.sub.601 may be a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, —Si(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602)(Q.sub.603), —C(═O)(Q.sub.601), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.601), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602),

[0597] Q.sub.601 to Q.sub.603 may each independently be the same as described in connection with Q.sub.1,

[0598] xe21 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0599] at least one of Ar.sub.601, L.sub.601, and R.sub.601 may each independently be a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0600] In an embodiment, in Formula 601, when xe11 is 2 or more, two or more Ar.sub.601(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

[0601] In an embodiment, in Formula 601, Ar.sub.601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.

[0602] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601-1:

##STR00254##

[0603] In Formula 601-1,

[0604] X.sub.614 may be N or C(R.sub.614), X.sub.615 may be N or C(R.sub.615), X.sub.616 may be N or C(R.sub.616), and at least one of X.sub.614 to X.sub.616 may be N,

[0605] L.sub.611 to L.sub.613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with L.sub.601,

[0606] xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xe1,

[0607] R.sub.611 to R.sub.613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.601, and

[0608] R.sub.614 to R.sub.616 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a.

[0609] In an embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0610] The electron transport region may include one of Compounds ET1 to ET45, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq.sub.3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

##STR00255## ##STR00256## ##STR00257## ##STR00258## ##STR00259## ##STR00260## ##STR00261## ##STR00262## ##STR00263## ##STR00264## ##STR00265## ##STR00266## ##STR00267## ##STR00268## ##STR00269##

[0611] A thickness of the electron transport region may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the electron transport region may be in a range of about 160 Å to about 4,000 Å. When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, a thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 30 Å to about 300 Å. For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, and/or the electron transport region are within these ranges, satisfactory electron transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0612] The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

[0613] The metal-containing material may include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. A metal ion of the alkali metal complex may be a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, or a Cs ion, and a metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex may be a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or with the metal ion of the alkaline earth-metal complex may each independently include a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyloxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxyphenylpyridine, a hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, a cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0614] In an embodiment, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) or Compound ET-D2:

##STR00270##

[0615] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode 150.

[0616] The electron injection layer may have a structure consisting of a layer consisting of a single material, a structure consisting of a layer consisting of different materials, or a structure including multiple layers including different materials.

[0617] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0618] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0619] The alkali metal-containing compound, the alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and the rare earth metal-containing compound may include oxides, halides (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides), or tellurides of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0620] The alkali metal-containing compound may include: alkali metal oxides, such as Li.sub.2O, Cs.sub.2O, or K.sub.2O; alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI; or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound may include an alkaline earth metal compound, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba.sub.xSr.sub.1-xO (x is a real number satisfying the condition of 0<x<1), Ba.sub.xCa.sub.1-xO (x is a real number satisfying the condition of 0<x<1), or the like. The rare earth metal-containing compound may include YbF.sub.3, ScF.sub.3, Sc.sub.2O.sub.3, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Ce.sub.2O.sub.3, GdF.sub.3, TbF.sub.3, YbI.sub.3, ScI.sub.3, TbI.sub.3, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the rare earth metal-containing compound may include a lanthanide metal telluride. Examples of the lanthanide metal telluride may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La.sub.2Te.sub.3, Ce.sub.2Te.sub.3, Pr.sub.2Te.sub.3, Nd.sub.2Te.sub.3, Pm.sub.2Te.sub.3, Sm.sub.2Te.sub.3, Eu.sub.2Te.sub.3, Gd.sub.2Te.sub.3, Tb.sub.2Te.sub.3, Dy.sub.2Te.sub.3, Ho.sub.2Te.sub.3, Er.sub.2Te.sub.3, Tm.sub.2Te.sub.3, Yb.sub.2Te.sub.3, and Lu.sub.2Te.sub.3.

[0621] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may include one of ions of the alkali metal, ions of the alkaline earth metal, and ions of the rare earth metal, and a ligand bonded to the metal ion (for example, a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyloxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxyphenylpyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, a cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof).

[0622] The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof, as described above. In an embodiment, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material (for example, a compound represented by Formula 601).

[0623] In an embodiment, the electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal-containing compound (for example, an alkali metal halide); or the electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal-containing compound (for example, an alkali metal halide), and an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, a RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, a LiF:Yb co-deposited, or the like.

[0624] When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0625] A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å. For example, the thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0626] [Second Electrode 150]

[0627] The second electrode 150 may be located on the interlayer 130 having such a structure. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. The second electrode 150 may include a material having a low-work function, for example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or any combination thereof.

[0628] In an embodiment, the second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag—Yb), ITO, IZO, or a combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0629] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

[0630] [Capping Layer]

[0631] The light-emitting device 10 may include a first capping layer located outside the first electrode 110, and/or a second capping layer located outside the second electrode 150. For example, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked in this stated order, a structure in which the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked in this stated order, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked in this stated order.

[0632] Light generated in an emission layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 may be extracted toward the outside through the first electrode 110, which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and through the first capping layer. Light generated in an emission layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 may be extracted toward the outside through the second electrode 150, which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and through the second capping layer.

[0633] The first capping layer and the second capping layer may each increase external emission efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference. Accordingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 may be increased, so that the emission efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 may be improved.

[0634] The first capping layer and the second capping layer may each include a material having a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.6 (with respect to a wavelength of about 589 nm).

[0635] The first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently be an organic capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0636] At least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine group-containing compounds, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine group-containing compound may be optionally substituted with a substituent containing O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.

[0637] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include an amine group-containing compound.

[0638] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0639] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include one of Compounds HT28 to HT33, one of Compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

##STR00271## ##STR00272##

[0640] [Film]

[0641] The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in various films. According to embodiments, a film including an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be provided. The film may be, for example, an optical member (or a light control means) (for example, a color filter, a color conversion member, a capping layer, a light extraction efficiency enhancement layer, a selective light absorbing layer, a polarizing layer, a quantum dot-containing layer, or like), a light-blocking member (for example, a light reflective layer, a light absorbing layer, or the like), a protective member (for example, an insulating layer, a dielectric layer, or the like).

[0642] [Electronic Apparatus]

[0643] The light-emitting device may be included in various electronic apparatuses. In an embodiment, the electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device may be a light-emitting apparatus, an authentication apparatus, or the like.

[0644] The electronic apparatus (for example, a light-emitting apparatus) may further include, in addition to the light-emitting device, a color filter, a color conversion layer, or a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and/or the color conversion layer may be located in at least one traveling direction of light emitted from the light-emitting device. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. The light-emitting device may be the same as described herein.

[0645] In an embodiment, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dot may be, for example, a quantum dot as described herein.

[0646] The electronic apparatus may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include subpixels, the color filter may include color filter areas respectively corresponding to the subpixels, and the color conversion layer may include color conversion areas respectively corresponding to the subpixels.

[0647] A pixel-defining layer may be located between the subpixels to define each subpixel.

[0648] The color filter may further include color filter areas and light-shielding patterns located between the color filter areas, and the color conversion layer may include color conversion areas and light-shielding patterns located between the color conversion areas.

[0649] The color filter areas (or the color conversion areas) may include a first area emitting first color light, a second area emitting second color light, and/or a third area emitting third color light, and the first color light, the second color light, and/or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from one another. In an embodiment, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. In an embodiment, the color filter areas (or the color conversion areas) may include quantum dots. For example, the first area may include a red quantum dot, the second area may include a green quantum dot, and the third area may not include a quantum dot. The quantum dot may be the same as described herein. The first area, the second area, and/or the third area may each further include a scatterer.

[0650] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may emit first light, the first area may absorb the first light to emit first-first color light, the second area may absorb the first light to emit second-first color light, and the third area may absorb the first light to emit third-first color light. In this regard, the first-first color light, the second-first color light, and the third-first color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths.

[0651] For example, the first light may be blue light, the first-first color light may be red light, the second-first color light may be green light, and the third-first color light may be blue light.

[0652] The electronic apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor, in addition to the light-emitting device as described herein. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0653] The thin-film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, etc.

[0654] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, or the like.

[0655] The electronic apparatus may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be located between the color filter and/or the color conversion layer, and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may allow light from the light-emitting device to be extracted to the outside, and may simultaneously prevent ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer including an organic layer and/or an inorganic layer. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic apparatus may be flexible.

[0656] Various functional layers may be further included on the sealing portion, in addition to the color filter and/or the color conversion layer, according to the use of the electronic apparatus. Examples of the functional layers may include a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, an authentication apparatus, and the like. The touch screen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touch screen layer, a capacitive touch screen layer, or an infrared touch screen layer. The authentication apparatus may be, for example, a biometric authentication apparatus that authenticates an individual by utilizing biometric information of a living body (for example, fingertips, pupils, etc.).

[0657] The authentication apparatus may further include, in addition to the light-emitting device, a biometric information collector.

[0658] The electronic apparatus may be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting, personal computers (for example, a mobile personal computer), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic diaries, electronic dictionaries, electronic game machines, medical instruments (for example, electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, pulse measurement devices, pulse wave measurement devices, electrocardiogram displays, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (for example, meters for a vehicle, an aircraft, and a vessel), projectors, and the like.

[0659] [Description of FIGS. 2 and 3]

[0660] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic apparatus according to an embodiment.

[0661] The electronic apparatus of FIG. 2 includes a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and an encapsulation portion 300 that seals the light-emitting device.

[0662] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be formed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may prevent penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and may provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0663] A TFT may be located on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0664] The active layer 220 may include an inorganic semiconductor such as silicon or polysilicon, an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0665] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be located on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be located on the gate insulating film 230.

[0666] An interlayer insulating film 250 is located on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be placed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the drain electrode 270.

[0667] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be located on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may respectively contact the exposed portions of the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220.

[0668] The TFT is electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device, and is covered by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. A light-emitting device is provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode 110, an interlayer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0669] The first electrode 110 may be formed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 does not completely cover the drain electrode 270 and may expose a portion of the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 is electrically connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0670] A pixel-defining layer 290 containing an insulating material may be located on the first electrode 110. The pixel-defining layer 290 may expose a region of the first electrode 110, and an interlayer 130 may be formed in the exposed region of the first electrode 110. The pixel-defining layer 290 may be a polyimide or polyacrylic organic film. Although not shown in FIG. 2, at least some layers of the interlayer 130 may extend beyond the upper portion of the pixel-defining layer 290 to be provided in the form of a common layer.

[0671] The second electrode 150 may be located on the interlayer 130, and a capping layer 170 may be further included on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0672] The encapsulation portion 300 may be located on the capping layer 170. The encapsulation portion 300 may be located on a light-emitting device to protect the light-emitting device from moisture and/or oxygen. The encapsulation portion 300 may include: an inorganic film including silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; an organic film including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, an acrylic resin (for example, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, or the like), an epoxy-based resin (for example, aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), or the like), or a combination thereof; or a combination of the inorganic film and the organic film.

[0673] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0674] The electronic apparatus of FIG. 3 may differ from the electronic apparatus of FIG. 2, at least in that a light-shielding pattern 500 and a functional region 400 are further included on the encapsulation portion 300. The functional region 400 may be a color filter area, a color conversion area, or a combination of the color filter area and the color conversion area. In an embodiment, the light-emitting device included in the electronic apparatus of FIG. 3 may be a tandem light-emitting device.

[0675] [Manufacturing Method]

[0676] Respective layers included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and respective layers included in the electron transport region may be formed in a certain region by utilizing one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0677] When layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a vacuum degree of about 10.sup.−8 torr to about 10.sup.−3 torr, and a deposition speed of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec, depending on a material to be included in a layer to be formed and the structure of a layer to be formed.

Definitions of Terms

[0678] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group” as used herein may be a cyclic group consisting of carbon as the only ring-forming atoms and having three to sixty carbon atoms, and the term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group” as used herein may be a cyclic group that has one to sixty carbon atoms and further has, in addition to carbon, at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom. The C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group and the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group may each be a monocyclic group consisting of one ring or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are condensed with each other. In an embodiment, the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group may have 3 to 61 ring-forming atoms.

[0679] The term “cyclic group” as used herein may include the C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group.

[0680] The term “π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group” as used herein may be a cyclic group that has three to sixty carbon atoms and may not include *—N═*′ as a ring-forming moiety, and the term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group” as used herein may be a heterocyclic group that has one to sixty carbon atoms and may include *—N═*′ as a ring-forming moiety.

[0681] In embodiments,

[0682] the C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group may be a T1 group or a cyclic group in which two or more T1 groups are condensed with each other (for example, a cyclopentadiene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a benzene group, a pentalene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a heptalene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, an indenophenanthrene group, or an indenoanthracene group),

[0683] the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group may be a T2 group, a cyclic group in which two or more T2 groups are condensed with each other, or a cyclic group in which at least one T2 group and at least one T1 group are condensed with each other (for example, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoindole group, a naphthoindole group, an isoindole group, a benzoisoindole group, a naphthoisoindole group, a benzosilole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a benzoindolocarbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthosilole group, a benzofurodibenzofuran group, a benzofurodibenzothiophene group, a benzothienodibenzothiophene group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoisothiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a cinnoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an imidazotriazine group, an imidazopyrazine group, an imidazopyridazine group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, etc.),

[0684] the π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group may be a T1 group, a cyclic group in which two or more T1 groups are condensed with each other, a T3 group, a cyclic group in which two or more T3 groups are condensed with each other, or a cyclic group in which at least one T3 group and at least one T1 group are condensed with each other (for example, the C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoindole group, a naphthoindole group, an isoindole group, a benzoisoindole group, a naphthoisoindole group, a benzosilole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a benzoindolocarbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthosilole group, a benzofurodibenzofuran group, a benzofurodibenzothiophene group, a benzothienodibenzothiophene group, etc.),

[0685] the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group may be a T4 group, a cyclic group in which two or more T4 groups are condensed with each other, a cyclic group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T1 group are condensed with each other, a cyclic group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T3 group are condensed with each other, or a cyclic group in which at least one T4 group, at least one T1 group, and at least one T3 group are condensed with one another (for example, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoisothiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a cinnoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an imidazotriazine group, an imidazopyrazine group, an imidazopyridazine group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, etc.),

[0686] wherein the T1 group may be a cyclopropane group, a cyclobutane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cycloheptane group, a cyclooctane group, a cyclobutene group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a cycloheptene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane (or a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, or a benzene group,

[0687] the T2 group may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a tetrazine group, a pyrrolidine group, an imidazolidine group, a dihydropyrrole group, a piperidine group, a tetrahydropyridine group, a dihydropyridine group, a hexahydropyrimidine group, a tetrahydropyrimidine group, a dihydropyrimidine group, a piperazine group, a tetrahydropyrazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a tetrahydropyridazine group, or a dihydropyridazine group,

[0688] the T3 group may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, or a borole group, and

[0689] the T4 group may be a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a tetrazine group.

[0690] The terms “cyclic group”, “C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group”, “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group”, “π electron-rich C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cyclic group”, or “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group” as used herein may each be a group condensed to any cyclic group, a monovalent group, or a polyvalent group (for example, a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.), depending on the structure of a formula in connection with which the terms are used. For example, a “benzene group” may be a benzo group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, or the like, which may be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art according to the structure of a formula including the “benzene group.”

[0691] Examples of the monovalent C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group and the monovalent C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group may include a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and examples of the divalent C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group and the divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group may include a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0692] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group” as used herein may be a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group that has one to sixty carbon atoms, and examples thereof may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, and a tert-decyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group.

[0693] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group” as used herein may be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at a terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples thereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group.

[0694] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group” as used herein may be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at a terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples thereof may include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group.

[0695] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group” as used herein may be a monovalent group represented by —O(A.sub.101) (wherein A.sub.101 may be a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group), and examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

[0696] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein may be a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group (or a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group), a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, and a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group.

[0697] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein may be a monovalent cyclic group that further includes, in addition to a carbon atom, at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom and has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof may include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group.

[0698] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein may be a monovalent cyclic group that has three to ten carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and examples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.1 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group.

[0699] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein may be a monovalent cyclic group that has, in addition to a carbon atom, at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the cyclic structure thereof. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

[0700] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group” as used herein may be a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having six to sixty carbon atoms, and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having six to sixty carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group may include a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, and an ovalenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the respective rings may be condensed with each other.

[0701] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group” as used herein may be a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system that has, in addition to a carbon atom, at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system that has, in addition to a carbon atom, at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, and a naphthyridinyl group. When the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group and the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the respective rings may be condensed with each other.

[0702] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein may be a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms, and non-aromaticity in its molecular structure when considered as a whole. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may include an indenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, an indenophenanthrenyl group, and an indeno anthracenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0703] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein may be a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed to each other, at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, and non-aromaticity in its molecular structure when considered as a whole. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may include a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an indolyl group, a benzoindolyl group, a naphtho indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzoisoindolyl group, a naphthoisoindolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a benzopyrazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoxadiazolyl group, a benzothiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an imidazotriazinyl group, an imidazopyrazinyl group, an imidazopyridazinyl group, an indenocarbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a benzofurocarbazolyl group, a benzothienocarbazolyl group, a benzosilolocarbazolyl group, a benzoindolocarbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a benzonaphthofuranyl group, a benzonaphthothiophenyl group, a benzonaphthosilolyl group, a benzofurodibenzofuranyl group, a benzofurodibenzothiophenyl group, and a benzothienodibenzothiophenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein may be a divalent group having a same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0704] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group” as used herein may be a group represented by —O(A.sub.102) (wherein A.sub.102 may be a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group), and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group” as used herein may be a group represented by —S(A.sub.103) (wherein A.sub.103 may be a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group).

[0705] The term “C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group” as used herein may be a group represented by -(A.sub.104)(A.sub.105) (wherein A.sub.104 may be a C.sub.1-C.sub.54 alkylene group, and A.sub.105 may be a C.sub.6-C.sub.59 aryl group), and the term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group” as used herein may be a group represented by -(A.sub.106)(A.sub.107) (wherein A.sub.106 may be a C.sub.1-C.sub.59 alkylene group, and A.sub.107 may be a C.sub.1-C.sub.59 heteroaryl group).

[0706] The group R.sub.10a as used herein may be:

[0707] deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;

[0708] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 arylalkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylalkyl group, —Si(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12)(Q.sub.13), —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —B(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —C(═O)(Q.sub.11), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.11), —P(═O)(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), or any combination thereof;

[0709] a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, —Si(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22)(Q.sub.23), —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —B(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —C(═O)(Q.sub.21), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.21), —P(═O)(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), or any combination thereof; or

[0710] —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32).

[0711] The groups Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.13, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.23, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 as used herein may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof; a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group; or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group.

[0712] The term “heteroatom” as used herein may be any atom other than a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom. Examples of the heteroatom may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0713] The term “third-row transition metal” as used herein may include hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), or the like.

[0714] The term “Ph” as used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me” as used herein refers to a methyl group, the term “Et” as used herein refers to an ethyl group, the terms “tert-Bu” or “Bu.sup.t” as used herein each refer to a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used herein refers to a methoxy group.

[0715] The term “biphenyl group” as used herein may be a “phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.” For example, the “biphenyl group” may be a substituted phenyl group having a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group as a substituent.

[0716] The term “terphenyl group” as used herein may be a “phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group”. For example, the “terphenyl group” may be a substituted phenyl group having, as a substituent, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group substituted with a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.

[0717] The symbols * and *′ as used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to a binding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula or moiety.

[0718] Hereinafter, compounds according to embodiments and light-emitting devices according to embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the Synthesis Examples and the Examples. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an identical molar equivalent of B was used in place of A.

EXAMPLES

Synthesis Example

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

[0719] ##STR00273## ##STR00274##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-a

[0720] [1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-2′-amine (1.0 eq), 1-iodo-2-nitrobenzene (2.0 eq), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (5 mol %), Sphos (7 mol %), and sodium tert-butoxide (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of methylene chloride (MC):hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-a (yield: 85%).

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-b

[0721] Intermediate Compound 1-a (1.0 eq), Sn (2.5 eq), and HCl (45 eq) were dissolved in ethanol and stirred at 80° C. for 12 hours, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and neutralized by utilizing a NaOH solution. The neutralized product was subjected to an extraction process by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer, followed by filtration through celite/silica gel. The filtrate was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=1:3) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-b (yield: 97%).

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-c

[0722] 9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-iodo-9H-carbazole (1.2 eq) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (0.025 M) under the nitrogen condition, and cooled at −30° C. Isopropylmagnesium chloride (2.0 M solution in THF, 1.2 eq) was slowly added to the reaction mixture, followed by addition of a solution in which 3-bromobenzaldehyde (1.0 eq) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (0.1 M). The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. An extraction process was performed three times by utilizing ethyl acetate and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of ethyl acetate (EA):hexane 1:7) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-c (yield: 91%).

(4) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-d

[0723] Pentafluorobenzoic acid (1.0 eq), Intermediate Compound 1-c (1.0 eq), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.Math.HCl) (1.1 eq), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (0.25 eq) were dissolved in MC (0.1 M) and stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:20) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-d (yield: 40%).

(5) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-e

[0724] Intermediate Compound 1-d (1.0 eq), 2-furylboronic acid (1.5 eq), (η.sup.3-1-.sup.tBu-indenyl)Pd(IPr)(Cl) (1 mol %), and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene and ethanol (0.1 M, a volume ratio of 4:1) and stirred at 40° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was subjected an extraction process three times by utilizing ethyl acetate and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:20) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-e (yield: 95%).

(6) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-f

[0725] Intermediate Compound 1-b (1.5 eq), Intermediate Compound 1-e (1.0 eq), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (10 mol %), Sphos (15 mol %), and Sodium tert-butoxide (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 110° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-f (yield: 89%).

(7) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-g

[0726] Intermediate Compound 1-f (1.0 eq) was dissolved in triethyl orthoformate (30 eq), and 37% HCl (1.5 eq) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 12 hours at 80° C., to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature, and triethyl orthoformate in the reactant was concentrated, followed by an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:methanol=95:5) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-g (yield: 85%).

(8) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 1-h

[0727] Intermediate Compound 1-g (1.0 eq) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate (3.0 eq) were dissolved in methanol (0.5 M), and distilled water was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was washed by utilizing distilled water and subjected to filtration to thereby obtain a solid, and the solid was subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, to thereby synthesize Intermediate Compound 1-h (yield: 90%).

(9) Synthesis of Compound 1

[0728] Intermediate Compound 1-h, dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II) (1.1 eq), and sodium acetate (2.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (0.05 M), and stirred for 4 days at 120° C. in the nitrogen condition, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=3:7) was used to synthesize Compound 1 (yield: 19%).

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 13

[0729] ##STR00275## ##STR00276##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 13-a

[0730] Intermediate Compound 1-d (1.0 eq), (3-(tert-butyl)furan-2-yl)boronic acid (1.5 eq), (η.sup.3-1-.sup.tBu-indenyl)Pd(IPr)(Cl) (1 mol %), and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene and ethanol (0.1 M, a volume ratio of 4:1) and stirred at 40° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing ethyl acetate and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:20) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 13-a (yield: 92%).

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 13-b

[0731] Intermediate Compound 1-b (1.5 eq), 13-a (1.0 eq), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (10 mol %), Sphos (15 mol %), and sodium tert-butoxide (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 110° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 13-b (yield: 78%).

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 13-c

[0732] Intermediate Compound 13-b (1.0 eq) was dissolved in triethyl orthoformate (30 eq), and 37% HCl (1.5 eq) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 12 hours at 80° C., to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature, and triethyl orthoformate in the reactant was concentrated, followed by an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:methanol=95:5) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 13-c (yield: 93%).

(4) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 13-d

[0733] Intermediate Compound 13-c (1.0 eq) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate (3.0 eq) were dissolved in methanol (0.5 M), and distilled water was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was washed by utilizing distilled water and subjected to filtration to thereby obtain a solid, and the solid was subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, to thereby synthesize Intermediate Compound 13-d (yield: 92%).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 13

[0734] Intermediate Compound 13-d, dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II) (1.1 eq), and sodium acetate (2.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (0.05 M), and stirred for 4 days at 120° C. in the nitrogen condition, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=3:7) was used to synthesize Compound 13 (yield: 21%).

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 85

[0735] ##STR00277## ##STR00278##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 85-a

[0736] 2-bromo-9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (1.1 eq), 3-Bromoaniline (1.0 eq), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (0.05 eq), SPhos (0.075 eq), and NaOtBu (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature and subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer thus obtained was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 85-a (yield: 53%).

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 85-b

[0737] Intermediate Compound 85-a (1.1 eq), 2-bromofuran (1.0 eq), PtBu.sub.3 (5 mol %), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (0.05 eq), and NaOtBu (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 100° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and toluene was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer thus obtained was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 85-b (yield: 75%).

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 85-c

[0738] Intermediate Compound 1-b (1.5 eq), Intermediate Compound 85-b (1.0 eq), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (5 mol %), Sphos (7 mol %), and sodium tert-butoxide (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 110° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer thus obtained was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 85-c (yield: 85%).

(4) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 85-d

[0739] Intermediate Compound 85-c (1.0 eq) was dissolved in triethyl orthoformate (30 eq), and 37% HCl (1.5 eq) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 12 hours at 80° C., to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature, and triethyl orthoformate in the reactant was concentrated, followed by an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:methanol=95:5) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 85-d (yield: 91%).

(5) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 85-e

[0740] Intermediate Compound 85-d (1.0 eq) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate (3.0 eq) were dissolved in methanol (0.5 M), and distilled water was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was washed by utilizing distilled water and subjected to filtration to thereby obtain a solid, and the solid was subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to synthesize Intermediate compound 85-e (yield: 96%).

(6) Synthesis of Compound 85

[0741] Intermediate Compound 85-e, dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II) (1.1 eq), and sodium acetate (2.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (0.05 M), and stirred for 4 days at 120° C. in the nitrogen condition, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=3:7) was used to synthesize Compound 85 (yield: 21%).

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 90

[0742] ##STR00279##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 90-a

[0743] Benzimidazole (1.5 eq), Intermediate Compound 85-b (1.0 eq), CuI (20 mol %), 2-picolinic acid (0.2 eq), and K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (2.0 eq) were dissolved in DMF (0.15 M) and stirred at 160° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing ethyl acetate and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:4) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 90-a (yield: 56%).

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 90-b

[0744] Intermediate Compound 90-a (1.0 eq), (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.3 eq), and Cu(OAc).sub.2 (20 mol %) were dissolved in DMF (0.25 M) and stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature, DMF in the reactant was concentrated, followed by an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:methanol=95:5) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound 90-b (yield: 90%).

(3) Synthesis of Compound 90

[0745] Intermediate Compound 90-b, dichloro (1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II) (1.1 eq), and sodium acetate (2.0 eq) were dissolved in DMF (0.05 M) and stirred at 140° C. for 12 hours under the nitrogen condition, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and subjected to filtration through celite/silica and concentration, followed by an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=3:7) was used to synthesize Compound 90 (yield: 25%).

Comparative Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Comparative Compound 1

[0746] ##STR00280## ##STR00281##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound D-1

[0747] 2-methoxy-9H-carbazole (1.0 eq), 2-bromo-4-(tert-butyl)pyridine (1.1 eq), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (5 mol %), Sphos (7 mol %), and sodium tert-butoxide (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound D-1 (yield: 72%).

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound D-2

[0748] Intermediate Compound D-1 (1.0 eq), HBr (0.5 M), and acetic acid (0.5 M) were stirred at 120° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature and neutralized to pH 7 by utilizing a NaOH aqueous solution, followed by an extraction process three times by utilizing ethyl acetate and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and subjected to filtration through silica gel, to thereby synthesize Intermediate Compound D-2 (yield: 85%).

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound D-3

[0749] 1,3-dibromo-5-tert-butylbenzene (1.2 eq), Intermediate Compound D-2 (1.0 eq), CuI (10 mol %), BPPO ligand (10 mol %), and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.0 eq) were dissolved in DMF (0.1 M) and stirred at 160° C. for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and DMF was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:10) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound D-3 (yield: 60%).

(4) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound D-4

[0750] Benzimidazole (1.5 eq), Intermediate Compound D-3 (1.0 eq), CuI (30 mol %), L-proline (0.3 eq), and K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (2.0 eq) were dissolved in DMF (0.15 M) and stirred at 160° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. An extraction process was performed thereon three times by utilizing ethyl acetate and water to obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of EA:hexane=1:4) was used to synthesize Intermediate Compound D-4 (yield: 55%).

(5) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound D-5

[0751] Intermediate Compound D-4 (1.0 eq) and Iodomethane (2.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at 120° C. for 12 hours, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and subjected to filtration, to synthesize Intermediate Compound D-5 (yield: 85%).

(6) Synthesis of Intermediate Compound D-6

[0752] Intermediate Compound D-5 (1.0 eq) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate (3.0 eq) were dissolved in methanol (0.5 M), and distilled water was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was washed by utilizing distilled water and subjected to filtration to thereby obtain a solid, and the solid was subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to synthesize Intermediate Compound D-6 (yield of 93%).

(7) Synthesis of Comparative Compound 1

[0753] Intermediate Compound D-6, dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum (II) (1.1 eq), and sodium acetate (2.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (0.05 M), and stirred for 4 days at 120° C. in the nitrogen condition, to thereby obtain a reactant. The reactant was cooled at room temperature and subjected to an extraction process three times by utilizing dichloromethane and water, to thereby obtain an organic layer. The obtained organic layer was dried by utilizing magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography (a volume ratio of MC:hexane=3:7) was used to synthesize Comparative Compound 1 (yield: 18%).

[0754] .sup.1H NMR and HR-MS of the compounds synthesized according to Synthesis Examples above are shown in Table 1. Synthesis methods for other compounds than the compounds shown in Table 1 may be readily recognized by those skilled in the technical field by referring to the synthesis paths and source material materials described above.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 HR-MS Com- Found pound .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) calc. [M + 1] Com- 8.74 (1H, dd), 8.42 (1H, dd), 8.20 (2H, 994.07 994.11 pound dd), 8.19 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.49- 1 7.50 (2H, m), 7.43-7.41 (7H, m), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, dd), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, s), 7.19 (1H, dd), 7.14 (2H, dd), 7.08 (5H, m), 6.95 (2H, dd), 6.84 (1H, s), 6.33 (1H, s), 6.11 (1H, dd), 5.57 (1H, s), 1.32 (9H, s) Com- 8.75 (1H, dd), 8.41 (1H, dd), 8.20 (2H, 1050.18 1050.17 pound dd), 8.19 (1H, s), 7.58 (1 H, s), 13 7.50 (1H, s), 7.43-7.41 (7H, m), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, dd), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, s), 7.19 (1H, dd), 7.14 (2H, dd), 7.08 (5H, m), 6.95 (2H, dd), 6.84 (1H, s), 6.33 (1H, s), 6.11 (1H, dd), 5.57 (1H, s), 1.35 (9H, s), 1.32 (9H, s) Com- 8.74 (1H, dd), 8.42 (1H, dd), 8.20 (2H, 995.06 995.01 pound dd), 8.19 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.49 85 (1H, dd), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.43 (4H, m), 7.41-7.40 (5H, m), 7.39 (1H, dd), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, s), 7.19 (1H, dd), 7.14 (2H, dd), 7.08 (5H, m), 6.95 (2H, dd), 6.84 (1H, s), 6.33 (1H, s), 6.11 (1H, dd), 1.32 (9H, s) Com- 8.74 (1H, dd), 8.39 (1H, dd), 8.19 (1H, 955.08 955.01 pound dd), 7.88 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.50 90 (1H, s), 7.40 (2H, m), 7.20 (4H, m), 7.14 (3H, m), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.00 (1H, s), 6.84 (2H, d) 6.68 (1H, s), 6.40 (1H, s), 1.41 (18H, s), 1.32 (9H, s) Com- 8.70 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, dd), 8.19 (1H, 771.83 771.77 parative dd), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.43 Com- (2H, m), 7.41 (1H, s), 7.40 (1H, pound dd), 7.20 (1H, s), 7.12 (1H, dd), 7.08 1 (1H, s), 6.71 (2H, m), 6.69 (1H, s), 3.36 (3H, s), 1.32 (18H, s)

Evaluation Example 1

[0755] A simulation maximum emission wavelength (λ.sub.max.sup.sim), an actual maximum emission wavelength (λ.sub.max.sup.exp), a ratio of presence of a .sup.3MLCT state, and an energy level of a .sup.3MC state of each of Compounds 1, 13, 85, and 90, Compounds A to C, and Comparative Compound 1 were evaluated by utilizing the DFT method of the Gaussian program, which is structure-optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level, and results thereof are shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 λ.sub.max.sup.sim λ.sub.max.sup.exp .sup.3MC .sup.3MLCT Compound (nm) (nm) (kcal/mol) (%) A 520 515 0.41 8.8 B 550 550 0.41 9.5 C 620 620 0.21 8.4 Comparative 468 471 0.21 8.8 Compound 1 Compound 1 451 453 0.82 13.11 Compound 13 451 453 0.85 13.08 Compound 85 453 457 0.82 12.68 Compound 90 453 453 0.81 13.10

[0756] According to Table 2, as compared to Compounds A to C and Comparative Compound 1, Compounds 1, 13, 85, and 90 each emitted blue light having high color purity, and each had a high ratio of presence of the .sup.3MLCT state and a high energy of the .sup.3MC state.

##STR00282##

Example 1

[0757] As an anode, a glass substrate with a 15 Ω/cm.sup.2 (1,200 Å) ITO formed thereon (available from Corning Co., Ltd) was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated by utilizing isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes in each solvent, washed by irradiation of ultraviolet rays and exposure of ozone thereto for 30 minutes, and was mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0758] 2-TNATA was vacuum-deposited on the anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å, and 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter, referred as “NPB”) was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

[0759] Compound 1 (organometallic compound), Compound ETH85 (second compound), and Compound HTH29 (third compound) were vacuum-deposited on the hole transport layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å. Here, an amount of Compound 1 was 10 wt % based on a total weight (100 wt %) of the emission layer, and a weight ratio of Compound ETH85 to Compound HTH29 was adjusted to 3:7.

[0760] Compound ETH2 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å, Alq.sub.3 was vacuum-deposited on the hole blocking layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, LiF was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was vacuum-deposited thereon to form a cathode having a thickness of 3,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

##STR00283##

Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2

[0761] Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as used in Example 1, except that, in forming the emission layer, compounds shown in Table 4 were used.

Evaluation Example 2

[0762] For the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, driving voltage (V) at 1,000 cd/n.sup.2 and luminescence efficiency (cd/A) were each measured by utilizing a Keithley MU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, and results thereof are shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Weight ratio of second compound Driving Luminescence Organometallic Second Third Fourth to third Luminance voltage efficiency No. compound compound compound compound compound (cd/m.sup.2) (V) (cd/A) Example 1 Compound 1 ETH85 HTH29 — 3:7 1,000 4.8 47 (10 wt %) Example 2 Compound 13 ETH85 HTH29 — 3:7 1,000 4.8 45 (10 wt %) Example 3 Compound 85 ETH85 HTH41 — 3:7 1,000 4.9 39 (10 wt %) Example 4 Compound 90 ETH85 HTH29 — 3:7 1,000 4.8 46 (10 wt %) Example 5 Compound 1 ETH85 HTH29 DFD1 3:7 1,000 4.9 60 (10 wt %) (0.5 wt %) Example 6 Compound 90 ETH85 HTH29 DFD1 3:7 1,000 4.9 60 (10 wt %) (0.5 wt %) Comparative Comparative ETH85 HTH29 — 3:7 1,000 5.0 22 Example 1 Compound 1 (10 wt %) Comparative Comparative ETH85 HTH29 DFD1 3:7 1,000 5.0 29 Example 2 Compound 1 (0.5 wt %) (10 wt %) [00284][00285][00286][00287][00288][00289][00290][00291][00292]

[0763] From Tables 2 and 3, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 emitted deep blue light and had excellent driving voltage and excellent luminescence efficiency characteristics, as compared to the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0764] According to embodiments, an organometallic compound may have excellent electrical characteristics, and a light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may have low driving voltage and high luminescence efficiency.

[0765] Embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent by one of ordinary skill in the art, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with an embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the claims.