Raspberry plant named 'WSU 2166'

Abstract

This invention relates to a new and distinct variety of red raspberry plant (Rubus idaeus L.) named WSU 2166 adapted to the raspberry production area of the Pacific Northwest. WSU 2166 is primarily characterized by suitability for machine harvestability, tolerance to root rot, early season production and large, conical fruit that is longer than it is broad.

Claims

1. A new and distinct variety of raspberry plant, as illustrated and described herein.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying photographs illustrate typical characteristics of the new variety WSU 2166 and are true to color as it is reasonably possible with color reproductions of this type. Color in the photographs may differ slightly from the color value cited in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describes the color of WSU 2166. When objects could be accurately measured with an 8 mm diameter measuring opening (leaves, fruit and some canes), color was measured with a Minolta CR-400 Colorimeter, which measures color in L*, a*, b* color coordinates. Calibration was performed using a standard white plate supplied by the manufacturer. The Minolta CR-400 Colorimeter (CIE2000) expressed the data in Munsell notation. For other color measurements, color was compared with Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (R.H.S.) color plates and presented using Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart Second Edition (1966) designations. Petal color was determined using R.H.S. Colour Chart Sixth edition (2015).

[0020] FIG. 1 is a picture of the plant of WSU 2166, showing the growth habit of the plant and display of the fruit on 6 July, Year 11, Lynden, Wash.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a photograph of primocane leaves of WSU 2166 on 20, June Year 11, Puyallup, Wash.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a photograph of cane segments, from left to right: basal segment of floricane, segment of the mid-section of floricane, basal segment of primocane, mid-section of primocane and upper section of primocane of WSU 2166 taken 1 September, Year 11, Puyallup, Wash. showing the frequency and shape of the spines and spine base.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a photograph of fruit and receptacle of WSU 2166 taken 7 July, Year 11, Puyallup, Wash.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a photograph of machine harvested fruit of WSU 2166 taken 30 June, Year 10, Lynden, Wash.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a photograph showing spring bud development of WSU 2166 relative to commonly grown cultivars taken 21 February, Year 12, Puyallup, Wash. Bud development of WSU 2166 was slightly slower than Cascade Harvest but more developed than Meeker and Willamette

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

[0026] WSU 2166 has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions and as such the characteristics may vary in detail depending on weather conditions, day length, soil type and location. The description is based on observations taken in Year 11 (except as noted) at Puyallup, Wash. and with cooperating growers in Lynden, Wash.

[0027] A comparison of fruit of WSU 2166 with cultivars commonly grown in Washington is given in Table 1. WSU 2166 had similar machine harvest yield as Meeker and Willamette and slightly less yield than for Cascade Harvest. WSU 2166 had earlier midpoints of harvest than Cascade Harvest and Meeker. In the Puyallup planting, WSU 2166 had lower yield in Year 10 than the other cultivars, but had yield comparable to the other cultivars in Year 11. WSU 2166 had the largest fruit weight, firmest fruit, lowest fruit rot, and was earlier than Cascade Harvest and Meeker. The lower fruit rot may be partially a result of the weather for the WSU 2166 harvest season.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Harvest data WSU Cascade 2166 Harvest Meeker Willamette Machine harvest, Lynden, WA.sup.z Yield (t/a) Year 10 8.1 9.3 6.1 6.4 Year 11 5.8 7.5 7.3 5.8 Total 13.9 16.8 13.4 12.2 Date of first harvest Year 10 6/13 6/17 6/20 6/13 Year 11 6/30 7/4 7/7 7/1 Midpoint of harvest Year 10 6/23 7/1 7/3 6/22 Year 11 7/11 7/17 7/19 7/12 Date of last harvest Year 10 7/6 7/13 7/14 7/6 Year 11 7/21 7/27 7/27 7/20 Hand harvest, Puyallup, WA.sup.y Yield (t/a) Year 10 3.7 11.0 6.8 7.8 Year 11 5.1 7.0 6.5 6.3 Total Yield 8.7 18.0 13.3 14.1 Fruit weight (g) Year 10 4.30 4.16 3.10 3.06 Year 11 3.84 3.54 3.19 3.37 Fruit firmness (g) Year 10 101 90 74 74 Year 11 137 107 106 122 Fruit rot (%) Year 10 4.4 9.8 11.4 7.2 Year 11 5.4 14.5 10.6 6.6 Date of first harvest Year 10 6/14 6/13 6/16 6/12 Year 11 6/22 6/28 6/28 6/22 Midpoint of harvest Year 10 6/19 6/23 6/28 6/19 Year 11 7/8 7/12 7/9 7/6 Date of last harvest Year 10 7/6 7/13 7/14 7/6 Year 11 7/21 7/27 7/27 7/20 .sup.zHarvest of non-replicated 8 plant plots. .sup.yHarvest of 3 replications of 3 plants.

[0028] Table 2 provides information on the plant and fruit characteristics of the new variety WSU 2166. The table compares WSU 2166 with Cascade Harvest and Meeker, both varieties grown commercially in Washington.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Measurements of plant characteristics. WSU 2166 Cascade Harvest Meeker Plant height (m) 2.08 1.91 1.91 Plant width (m) 1.32 1.09 1.35 Self-fertile yes yes yes Flower-measurements.sup.x Date of first bloom 5/7 5/9 5/10 Length of bloom (days) 29 28 31 Number of petals 5 5 5 Length of petal (mm) 8.09 6.09 6.01 Width of petal (mm) 3.59 3.50 4.13 Color petal upper surface (RHS) White NN155D White NN155D White NN155D Color petal lower surface (RHS) White NN155D White NN155D White NN155D Petal shape Oblanceolate Oblanceolate Oblanceolate Petal margin Entire Entire Entire Flower diameter petal tip to petal 17.9 17.9 17.8 tip at widest part of the flower (mm) Number of sepals 5 5 5 Color sepal upper surface (Munsell) 5GY 7/6 5GY 7/6 7.5GY 7/6 Color sepal lower surface (Munsell) 5GY 7/8 5GY 7/8 5GY 7/6 Length of sepal (mm) 7.25 6.93 7.56 Width of sepal (mm) 5.70 5.55 5.40 Flower diameter sepal tip to sepal 21.0 21.0 20.8 tip at the widest part of the flower (mm) Number of stigma/flower 58 73 61 Number of anthers/flower 82 92 65 Flower fragrance none noted none noted none noted Fruit Measurements Fruit color (Munsell) 4.4R 2.6/5.1 5.8R 2.5/4.9 5.1R 2.6/5.1 Fruit weight (g) 4.6 5.7 3.8 Fruit length (mm) 26.4 28.4 21.7 Fruit width (mm) 21.0 22.3 20.0 Fruit length/width ratio 1.26 1.27 1.09 Pedicle length (mm) 24.4 27.8 16.2 Receptacle length (mm) 21.7 22.0 16.8 Receptacle width (mm) 8.8 8.9 9.0 Drupelet length (mm) 5.0 5.2 5.1 Drupelet width (mm) 4.3 4.5 3.7 Drupelet weight (mg) 42.0 51.1 33.1 Number of seeds per fruit 110.2 111.8 113.8 Seed weight (mg) 1.75 1.95 1.70 Primocanes Number of primocanes/hill 11.7 25.7 18.1 Length of primocane (m) 2.34 2.19 2.55 Diameter at ground (mm) 9.9 11.5 1.19 Diameter at 1.2 m (mm) 8.6 9.8 8.8 Number of nodes 43 43 50 Internode length at 1.2 m (cm) 9.0 11.2 7.5 Color primocane spines (RHS) 59C 187A 187A Length spine (mm) 1.6 2.3 1.5 Length base of spine (mm) 2.6 2.9 1.4 Width base of spine (mm) 1.5 1.4 0.9 Color spine base (RHS) 187A 187A 59C Primary cane color (Munsell) 2.6GY 6.9/3.9 1.3GY 6.5/3.9 2.2GY 6.6/4.0 Secondary cane color (Munsell) 7.9R 3.9/4.5 6.6R 3.8/4.8 7.9R 3.9/4.5 Primocane fruiting no no no Pubescence on canes absent absent slight Floricanes Primary cane color (Munsell) 2.6GY 6.9/3.9 1.3GY 6.5/3.9 2.2GY 6.6/4.0 Secondary cane color (Munsell) 7.9R 3.9/4.5 6.6R 3.8/4.8 7.9R 3.9/4.5 Primocane fruiting no no no Pubescence on canes absent absent slight Number of floricanes/hill 8.0 10.0 10.0 Diameter at base (mm) 12.5 9.8 11.4 Diameter at 1.2 m (mm) 9.6 7.6 11.1 Internode length at 1.2 m (cm) 7.1 6.6 6.9 Height (m) 1.7 1.7 1.7 Lateral length 1.2m (cm) 161 146 140 Nodes/lateral 16.0 11.3 12.7 Number fruit/lateral 17.3 21.0 15.0 Number fruit/fruiting node 1.8 3.7 2.1 Color primocane leaves.sup.z Upper surface (Munsell) 6.3GY 4.2/5.3 6.3GY 3.8/4.6 6.5GY 3.7/4.4 Lower surface (Munsell) 6.3GY 5.6/2.9 6.2GY 5.2/3.0 6.1GY 5.5/2.2 Color floricane leaves.sup.y Upper surface (Munsell) 5.6GY 4.1/5.2 6.1GY 3.7/5.0 6.1GY 3.9/5.1 Lower surface (Munsell) 5.6GY 5.3/2.9 5.9GY 5.3/2.8 6.0GY 5.5/2.5 Primocane leaves Number of leaflets 5 5 5 Petiole length (mm) 88.9 98.9 88.7 Rachis length (mm) 45.8 51.1 40.8 Stipule (mm) 6.3 8.3 11.3 Leaflet margins doubly serrated doubly serrated doubly serrated Leaflet overlap occasionally occasionally commonly overlap overlap overlap Terminal leaflet Length (mm) 114.0 103.9 102.5 Width (mm) 75.8 67.0 68.2 Length/width 1.5 1.5 1.5 Leaflet tip cuspidate cuspidate cuspidate Leaflet base oblique cordate obtuse Distal lateral leaflet Length (mm) 77.1 83.2 78.4 Width (mm) 57.4 41.6 39.2 Length/width 1.6 1.6 1.6 Petiolule length (mm) 1.6 1.6 1.6 Leaflet tip cuspidate cuspidate cuspidate Leaflet base obtuse oblique oblique Basal leaflet Length (mm) 93.2 94.6 98.2 Width (mm) 57.4 58.8 60.0 Length/width 1.6 1.6 1.6 Petiolule length (mm) 1.7 3.4 3.8 Leaflet tip cuspidate cuspidate cuspidate Leaflet base obtuse oblique oblique Floricane leaves Leaflet number 3 3 3 Petiole (mm) 53.0 46.8 53.1 Leaflet margins doubly serrated doubly serrated doubly serrated Terminal leaflet Length (mm) 93.8 87.4 93.2 Width (mm) 70.0 80.4 61.4 Length/width 1.4 1.1 1.5 Petiolule (mm) 25.4 30.2 24.5 Basal leaflet Length (mm) 82.9 78.1 75.5 Width (mm) 49.1 48.1 43.2 Length/width 1.7 1.6 1.8 Petiolule (mm) 1.9 2.8 2.0 .sup.xFlower measurements made in Year 13. .sup.zThe leaf color of the upper surface of the primocane terminal leaflet, distal leaflets and the basal leaflets did not vary among leaflets of the primocane leaf. The leaf color of the lower surface of the primocane terminal leaflet, distal leaflets and the basal leaflets did not vary among leaflets of the primocane leaf. .sup.yThe leaf color of the upper surface of the floricane terminal leaflet and the basal leaflets did not vary among leaflets of the primocane leaf. The leaf color of the lower surface of the floricane terminal leaflet and the basal leaflets did not vary among leaflets of the primocane leaf.

[0029] Machine harvested fruit was collected in Lynden, Wash. in Year 7. WSU 2166 had slightly higher titratable acidity and lower pH than Meeker and Willamette, resulting in a slightly more tart flavor. Table 3 provides the comparative values for anthocyanin content, soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity of raspberry fruit for the WSU 2166, Meeker and Willamette varietals.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Anthocyanin content, soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity of raspberry fruit machine harvested in Year 7 at Lynden, WA. Based on fruit samples of approximately 300 g collected for each cultivar. WSU 2166 Meeker Willamette Soluble solids (deg. Brix) 8.2 9.3 8.0 pH 3.31 3.54 3.34 Titratable acidity (% citric acid) 2.00 1.40 1.83 Total anthocyanins 52 57 95 (mg C-3-G/100 g FW) .sup.zAcidity expressed as % citric acid. .sup.xTotal anthocyanins determined spectrophotometrically from acidified ethanol extracts and expressed as cyanidin-3-galactoside.

[0030] Table 4 provides the root rot evaluation of WSU 2166, Cascade Harvest and Meeker, which were evaluated for susceptibility to root rot in plots at Puyallup, Wash, in plantings established in Year 8. The presence of Phytophthora fragariae var rubi ([W. F. Wilcox & J. M. Duncan] W. A. Man in't Veld,) in these root rot plots has been verified via PCR. Four plants of each clone were planted in this area. Plants were subjectively rated for vigor in the fall of each year from 0 to 5, with 0 being dead and 5 a healthy and vigorous plant. Year 11 was a very severe root rot test. Other raspberries in the same planting had a decrease in their vigor ratings by an average of over 40% from Year 10 to Year 11. In the fall of the fourth year, WSU 2166 plants had a rating of 3.5, while Meeker averaged 2.5 and Cascade Harvest averaged 1.0. Based on this trial, WSU 2166 demonstrates a relatively high root rot tolerance, although it is not absolutely unaffected.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Root rot evaluation WSU Cascade Date 2166 Meeker Willamette 11/6/15 2.50 4.25 4.00 11/4/16 4.50 5.00 4.75 9/13/17 3.50 1.00 2.50
Four plants of each cultivar planted in Year 8 Subjectively rated 0-5. 0=dead, 5=healthy and vigorous.

[0031] WSU 2166 was planted in non-replicated plots with cooperating growers in Year 5 and Year 8. The plantings were maintained by growers using typical commercial methods and the fruit machine harvested. The plantings were subjectively evaluated for adaptation to machine harvesting weekly during the harvest season for two fruiting seasons. In all harvest seasons WSU 2166 machine harvested well and was productive with large fruit size. Based on these evaluations, WSU 2166 is suitable for machine harvesting.