Gas exchange valve actuator for axial displacement of a gas exchange valve of a combustion engine

Abstract

An actuator for axial displacement of a gas exchange valve of a combustion engine is configured to be connected to a pressure fluid source and a pressure fluid sink, respectively, and to be driven by a gaseous pressure fluid and includes an actuator piston including an actuator piston disc and an actuator piston rod projecting therefrom in the axial direction, a cylinder volume, the disc separating the cylinder volume into a first part and a second part and being displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in the cylinder volume between an inactive position and an active position, the first part being configured for controllable fluid communication with the pressure fluid source and the pressure fluid sink, respectively, and a hydraulic circuit includes a chamber, the free end of the rod being arranged therein, wherein the rod is displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in a channel.

Claims

1. A gas exchange valve actuator for axial displacement of a gas exchange valve of a combustion engine, the actuator being configured to be connected to a pressure fluid source and a pressure fluid sink, respectively, and being configured to be driven by a gaseous pressure fluid, the actuator comprising: an actuator piston comprising an actuator piston disc and an actuator piston rod projecting from the actuator piston disc in an axial direction; a cylinder volume, the actuator piston disc separating said cylinder volume in a first part and a second part and being displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in said cylinder volume between an inactive position and an active position, the first part of the cylinder volume being configured for controllable fluid communication with said pressure fluid source and said pressure fluid sink, respectively, the actuator piston being biased in a direction from the second part of the cylinder volume towards the first part of the cylinder volume; and a hydraulic circuit comprising a chamber, a free end of the actuator piston rod being disposed in said chamber, wherein the actuator piston rod is displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in a channel in connection with axial displacement of the actuator piston disc in the cylinder volume, said channel extending between the first part of the cylinder volume and the chamber of the hydraulic circuit, and wherein said channel comprises at least one circumferential ventilation groove that is configured to be constantly connected to said pressure fluid sink.

2. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 1, further comprising: an inlet channel extending between a pressure fluid inlet to the first part of the cylinder volume and comprising an inlet valve body; and an outlet channel extending between the first part of the cylinder volume to a pressure fluid outlet and comprising an outlet valve body, wherein the pressure fluid inlet is configured to be connected to the pressure fluid source and the pressure fluid outlet is configured to be connected to the pressure fluid sink.

3. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 2, wherein the inlet valve body is biased by a spring in a direction closing the inlet channel.

4. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 3, wherein the ventilation groove is connected to the outlet channel downstream the outlet valve body.

5. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation groove is connected to the outlet channel downstream the outlet valve body.

6. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 2, wherein the hydraulic circuit comprises said chamber, a check valve configured to admit a flow of hydraulic liquid to the chamber, and a hydraulic valve configured to control a flow of hydraulic liquid from the chamber.

7. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 6, wherein the hydraulic valve comprises a hydraulic valve body that is displaceable back and forth between a closed position and an open position, the hydraulic valve body being biased by a spring in the direction away from the closed position thereof.

8. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 7, wherein the inlet valve body and the hydraulic valve body are connected to each other.

9. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 1, wherein the actuator piston rod is fixedly connected to the actuator piston disc.

10. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic circuit comprises said chamber, a check valve configured to admit a flow of hydraulic liquid to the chamber, and a hydraulic valve configured to control a flow of hydraulic liquid from the chamber.

11. The gas exchange valve actuator according to claim 10, wherein the hydraulic valve comprises a hydraulic valve body that is displaceable back and forth between a closed position and an open position, the hydraulic valve body being biased by a spring in the direction away from the closed position thereof.

12. A combustion engine comprising: a gas exchange valve; a gas exchange valve actuator configured for axial displacement of said gas exchange valve; a pressure fluid source; and a pressure fluid sink, the actuator being connected to the pressure fluid source and the pressure fluid sink, respectively, and being configured to be driven by a gaseous pressure fluid, the actuator comprising: an actuator piston comprising an actuator piston disc and an actuator piston rod projecting from the actuator piston disc in an axial direction, a cylinder volume, the actuator piston disc separating said cylinder volume in a first part and a second part and being displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in said cylinder volume between an inactive position and an active position, the first part of the cylinder volume being configured for controllable fluid communication with said pressure fluid source and said pressure fluid sink, respectively, the actuator piston being biased in a direction from the second part of the cylinder volume towards the first part of the cylinder volume, and a hydraulic circuit comprising a chamber, a free end of the actuator piston rod being disposed in said chamber, wherein the actuator piston rod is displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in a channel in connection with axial displacement of the actuator piston disc in the cylinder volume, said channel extending between the first part of the cylinder volume and the chamber of the hydraulic circuit, and wherein said channel comprises at least one circumferential ventilation groove that is constantly connected to said pressure fluid sink.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) A more complete understanding of the abovementioned and other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the appended drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view from the side of an inventive gas exchange valve actuator, in which the actuator is in the inactive state thereof having the actuator piston disc in the inactive position, and

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view from the side corresponding to FIG. 1, in which the actuator piston rod is located in the active position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(4) The present invention relates to an actuator, generally designated 1, for axial displacement of an object, especially a gas exchange valve actuator 1 for axial displacement of a gas exchange valve of a combustion engine. The invention will herein below be described with reference to the application in which the gas exchange valve actuator 1 is used to drive one or more inlet valves or outlet valves in a combustion engine.

(5) In the disclosed embodiment the actuator 1 comprises an actuator housing 2, a cylinder 3 delimiting a cylinder volume, an actuator piston disc 4 that is arranged in and in the axial direction displaceable back and forth in said cylinder volume between an inactive rest position/upper dead centre (FIG. 1) and an active position/lower dead centre (FIG. 2). The actuator piston disc 4 separates said cylinder volume in a first, upper part 5 and a second, lower part 6. The valve stem of the gas exchange valve terminates in the second part 6 of the cylinder volume, and the gas exchange valve is biased in the direction upwards by means of a conventional valve spring or pneumatic spring (not shown). The actuator piston disc 4 is returned to the rest position thereof by being biased, preferably by means of the spring means, in the direction upwards. The spring means may be constituted by a mechanical spring or a pneumatic spring, located in the second part 6 of the cylinder volume. In the case the actuator piston is connected to and drives an inlet valve or an outlet valve of a combustion engine, the spring may be constituted by a valve spring lifting/returning the gas exchange valve to the closed position thereof. However, alternative solutions to realize the bias are conceivable and within the scope of the present invention.

(6) Thereto the actuator 1 comprises an actuator piston rod, generally designated 7, that is fixedly connected to and axially projecting from the actuator piston disc 4, and that together with the actuator piston disc form an actuator piston 8. The actuator piston rod 7 eliminates the risk of tilting the actuator piston disc 4. The actuator piston rod 7 has in the disclosed embodiment a first, thick part 9, that is located at a distance from the actuator piston disc 4 and that is in tight-fit with a channel 10 in the actuator housing 2, and a second, narrow part 11 extending between and connecting the thick part 9 and the actuator piston disc 4. It shall be pointed out that the actuator piston rod 7 can be of uniform thickness along the entire length thereof and/or present one or more circumferential grooves configured to control different fluid flows as is previously known and will not be described further herein.

(7) The actuator 1 also comprises a pneumatic pressure fluid circuit, configured for controllable supply of a gas or gas mixture, for instance air, from a pressure fluid source HP to the first part 5 of the cylinder volume in order to generate a displacement of the actuator piston disc 4 to the position shown in FIG. 2, and is configured for controllable evacuation of the gas or gas mixture from the first part 5 of the cylinder volume to a pressure fluid sink LP in order to generate a return movement of the actuator piston disc 4 to the position shown in FIG. 1. Thus, the pressure fluid is gaseous.

(8) The pressure fluid circuit comprises an inlet channel 12 extending between a pressure fluid inlet 13 in the actuator housing 2 and the first part 5 of the cylinder volume, and an outlet channel 14 extending between the first part 5 of the cylinder volume to a pressure fluid outlet 15 in the actuator housing 2. Said inlet channel 12 is connected to the pressure fluid source HP via the pressure fluid inlet 13, and said outlet channel 14 is connected to the pressure fluid sink LP via the pressure fluid outlet 15. In other words, the pressure fluid inlet 13 of the actuator 1 is configured to be connected to the pressure fluid source HP, and the pressure fluid outlet 15 is configured to be connected to the pressure fluid sink LP. The pressure fluid source can be constituted by a compressor belonging to the engine and may comprise a tank, or be constituted by solely a pressure tank. The pressure fluid sink can be constituted by any place having a lower pressure than is generated in the pressure fluid source, for instance a conduit extending back to the compressor. The pressure fluid circuit is preferably a closed system having an increased return pressure, i.e. the pressure fluid sink LP has for instance 3-6 bar pressure, and the pressure fluid source HP has for instance 8-30 bar pressure.

(9) The actuator 1 comprises, according to the disclosed embodiment, an inlet valve body 16 arranged in said inlet channel 12 in order to control the flow of pressure fluid in the inlet channel 12 past the position at which the inlet valve body 16 is located, i.e. configured to open and close, respectively, the inlet channel 12. The inlet valve body 16 is preferably biased by means of a spring in a direction closing the inlet channel 12.

(10) The actuator 1 comprises an outlet valve body 17 arranged in said outlet channel 14 in order to control the flow of pressure fluid in the outlet channel 14 past the position at which the outlet valve body 17 is located, i.e. configured to open and close, respectively, the outlet channel 14. The outlet valve body 17 is preferably biased by means of a spring in a direction opening the outlet channel 14. The inlet valve body 16 and the outlet valve body 17 are controlled in any suitable way, for instance by means of direct or indirect electrically control, by means of a not disclosed electrical controlled pilot valve. The term direct electrically controlled mean that the position of the valve is directly controlled by for instance an electro magnetic device, and indirect electrically controlled mean that the position of the valve is controlled by a pressure fluid that in its turn is controlled by for instance an electro magnetic device/pilot valve, such as a solenoid, or by means of a piezoelectric device, etc.

(11) According to one embodiment the inlet valve body 16 and the outlet valve body 17 are connected to each other. Thus, the valve bodies move jointly with each other at activation, whereupon the inlet channel 12 is closed when the outlet channel 14 is open and vice versa. Also other known combinations/constellations of the disclosed valve bodies and other valve bodies are conceivable in order to fill and empty, respectively, the first part 5 of the cylinder volume, also known as for instance cutting pin. These are not described herein.

(12) It shall be pointed out that the valves in the actuator 1 are schematically disclosed and may for instance be constituted by slide valves, seat valves, etc. Thereto several of said controllable valves may be constituted by a single body.

(13) Thereto the actuator 1 comprises a hydraulic circuit comprising a chamber 18, the free end 19 of the actuator piston rod 7 being arranged to be displaced in the axial direction in relation to said chamber 18 in connection with axial displacement of the actuator piston disc 4 in the cylinder volume.

(14) Hydraulic liquid (oil) is allowed to flow into the chamber 18 via a check valve 20 and out of the chamber 18 via a hydraulic valve 21. The hydraulic valve 21 comprises a hydraulic valve body that is displaceable back and forth between a closed position/rest position and an open/active position, wherein the hydraulic valve body is biased by means of a spring in the direction away from the closed position. In other words, when the actuator valve 8 is displaced from the rest position (FIG. 1) to the active position (FIG. 2) the actuator piston rod 7 leave room for inflow of liquid into the chamber 18 and the hydraulic valve is closed, and when the actuator piston 8 is displaced from the active position to the rest position the hydraulic valve must first be opened whereupon liquid is pressed out of the chamber 18. The hydraulic valve body can be connected to the inlet valve body 16 and/or the outlet valve body 17, whereupon the connected valve bodies are moved jointly with each other.

(15) The actuator piston rod 7 of the actuator piston 8 is displaceable back and forth in the axial direction in the channel 10 of the actuator housing 2 in connection with axial displacement of the actuator piston disc 4 in the cylinder volume, said channel 10 extending between the first part 5 of the cylinder volume and the chamber 18 of the hydraulic circuit. The channel 10 comprises at least one circumferential ventilation groove 22 that is configured to be connected to said pressure fluid sink LP. The ventilation groove 22 is preferably connected to the outlet channel 14 downstream the outlet valve body 17, and upstream the pressure fluid outlet 15. The ventilation groove 22 result in that the pressure fluid in the first part 5 of the cylinder volume, that continuously or intermittently can present higher pressure than the hydraulic liquid in the chamber 18, is prevented from being pressed up along the channel 10 into the chamber 18 and is ventilated via the ventilation groove 22. Thereby it is ensured that no gas contamination of the hydraulic liquid can occur. A little controlled leakage of hydraulic liquid that is pressed from the chamber 18 along the channel 10 and into the ventilation groove 22 is allowed, and also favorable, as hydraulic liquid mist in the gaseous pressure fluid assist in lubricating the components of the actuator 1.

(16) In FIG. 1 the actuator 1 is disclosed in the rest position thereof. This entail that the actuator piston disc 4 is in the rest position/upper dead centre, the inlet valve body 16 is in the closed position and the outlet valve body 17 is open or closed.

(17) When a signal is given, for instance by a control unit, that the actuator 1 shall perform a displacement of the object/engine valve, the inlet valve body 16 is open, it shall be pointed out that first it is ensures that the outlet channel 14 is closed. Pressure fluid flow into the first part 5 of the cylinder volume via the inlet channel 12 and act against the upper side of the actuator piston disc 4 and displace the actuator piston 8 in the direction downwards. The outlet valve body 17 is kept closed. When the actuator piston disc 4 has been displaced a predetermined distance the inlet channel 12 is closed, i.e. continued inflow of pressure fluid from the pressure fluid source HP to the first part 5 of the cylinder volume is prevented, whereupon the actuator piston disc 4 continues its displacement and takes the active position/lower dead centre thereof, as is seen in FIG. 2. The actuator piston disc 4 continues its displacement downwards after the inflow to the first part 5 of the cylinder volume is closed, since the gas in the first part 5 of the cylinder volume expand and compress the valve spring of the engine valve. The pressure level in the pressure fluid source HP is known, the size of the volume of the first part 5 of the cylinder volume when the inlet channel 12 is closed is known, the power characteristic of the valve spring is known, etc. thereby the length of the continued displacement of the actuator piston disc 4 can be controlled with good precision.

(18) In order to admit return movement of the actuator piston disc 4 the inlet channel 12 is closed, whereupon the outlet channel 14 is opened, and the actuator piston disc 4 is displaced upwards by for instance the valve spring whereupon the pressure fluid in the first part 5 of the cylinder volume is evacuated through the outlet channel 14. Thereby the actuator 1 is back in the rest state as shown in FIG. 1. The actuator piston disc 4 is returned to its rest position, by means of a biased spring member, in the direction upwards. The spring member can be constituted by a mechanical spring or a pneumatic spring, located in the second part 6 of the cylinder volume. In the embodiment the actuator piston is connected to and drives an inlet or outlet valve of a combustion engine the spring may be constituted by a valve spring lifting the gas exchange valve to the closed position thereof. Alternative solutions how to realize this bias are conceivable and within the scope of the present invention.

(19) Feasible Modifications of the Invention

(20) The invention is not limited only to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings, which primarily have an illustrative and exemplifying purpose. This patent application is intended to cover all adjustments and variants of the preferred embodiments described herein, thus the present invention is defined by the wording of the appended claims and thus, the equipment may be modified in all kinds of ways within the scope of the appended claims.

(21) It shall also be pointed out that all information about/concerning terms such as above, under, upper, lower, etc., shall be interpreted/read having the equipment oriented according to the figures, having the drawings oriented such that the references can be properly read. Thus, such terms only indicates mutual relations in the shown embodiments, which relations may be changed if the inventive equipment is provided with another structure/design.

(22) It shall also be pointed out that even thus it is not explicitly stated that features from a specific embodiment may be combined with features from another embodiment, the combination shall be considered obvious, if the combination is possible.