Method for counting cords in rubber sheet

Abstract

A method of counting cords embedded in a rubber sheet including a step of acquiring raw waveform data by scanning the outer surface of the rubber sheet, a step of obtaining first corrected data by performing a moving average processing on the raw waveform data, a step of obtaining second corrected data D3 by converting the amplitude center j of the waveform of the first corrected data into a straight line, a step of obtaining concave-center-position data, a step of obtaining first corrected concave-center-position data, and a step of obtaining second corrected concave-center-position data.

Claims

1. A cord counting method for counting a number of cords from one end in a widthwise direction of a rubber sheet, in which a number (n) of the cords are embedded at intervals, and in an outer surface of the rubber sheet, convex portions at which the cords are located and concave portions positioned between the cords are alternately repeated, said cord counting method comprising: 1) a step (S1) in which, by use of a displacement sensor, the outer surface of the rubber sheet is scanned in the widthwise direction, and raw waveform data on convexoconcave of the outer surface is acquired, 2) a step (S2) in which a moving average processing is carried out on the raw waveform data so as to reduce noise, whereby first corrected data of a smoothed waveform is obtained from the raw waveform data, 3) a step (S3) in which second corrected data is obtained from the first corrected data by converting an amplitude center (j) of the waveform of the first corrected data into a straight line, 4) a step (S4) in which widthwise-direction concave-center-position data is obtained wherein concave-center-positions in the widthwise direction between the cords are defined by positions of lowest points of valleys of the waveform of the second corrected data, 5) a step (S5) in which, with respect to said concave-center-position data, intervals K between the concave-center-positions adjacent in the widthwise direction are sequentially compared with a predetermined upper interval threshold K max, and if K>K max, then a concave-center-position for correction is added at a midpoint of an interval K, and said intervals K are sequentially compared with a predetermined lower interval threshold K min, and if K<K min, then from the concave-center-positions on both sides of the interval K, the concave-center-position on a front side in a scanning direction is removed, whereby first corrected concave-center-position data is obtained, 6) a step (S6) in which, with respect to the first corrected concave-center-position data, a total number (m) of the concave-center-positions is compared with said number (n), and when m<(n1), in order from a largest interval K, a concave-center-position for correction is added at the midpoint of the interval K, until becoming m=(n1), when m>(n1), from the concave-center-positions on both sides of the interval K, the concave-center-position on the front side in the scanning direction is deleted in order from a smallest interval K, until becoming m=(n1), whereby second corrected concave-center-position data is obtained, and 7) count from one end in the widthwise direction, of the concave-center-positions in said second corrected concave-center-position data is considered as the number of the cords from said one end in the widthwise direction.

2. The method for counting cords in a rubber sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein the moving average processing in the step (S2) is carried out in a range of 20-30% of an average pitch distance of said cords.

3. The method for counting cords in a rubber sheet as set forth in claim 2, wherein, in the step (S5), the upper interval threshold K max is in a range of 120-150% of an average pitch distance of said cords, and the lower interval threshold K min is in a range of 50-80% of the average pitch distance of said cords.

4. The method for counting cords in a rubber sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein, in the step (S5), the upper interval threshold K max is in a range of 120-150% of an average pitch distance of said cords, and the lower interval threshold K min is in a range of 50-80% of the average pitch distance of said cords.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for counting cords in a rubber sheet according to the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 A sectional view conceptually showing convexoconcave of the outer surface of the rubber sheet together with a raw waveform acquiring step.

(3) FIG. 3 A graph illustrating the raw waveform data and first corrected data obtained therefrom.

(4) FIG. 4 A graph illustrating the first corrected data and second corrected data obtained therefrom.

(5) FIG. 5 A graph illustrating the second corrected data and concave-center-position data obtained therefrom.

(6) FIG. 6 A conceptual diagram illustrating a first concave-center-position correction step.

(7) FIG. 7 A conceptual diagram illustrating a method of creating second corrected data.

(8) FIG. 8 (A), (B) are conceptual diagrams for explaining a method of forming narrow strip plies for forming a band layer of a pneumatic tire.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(9) Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

(10) As shown in FIG. 1, a method for counting cords in a rubber sheet of the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as cord counting method) has

(11) a step S1 of acquiring raw waveform data D1,

(12) a step S2 of obtaining first corrected data D2,

(13) a step S3 of obtaining second corrected data D3,

(14) a step S4 of obtaining concave-center-position data D4,

(15) a step S5 of obtaining first corrected concave-center-position data D5, and

(16) a step S6 of obtaining second corrected concave-center-position data D6. And, the cords 3 embedded in the rubber sheet 2 are counted from one end E1 in the widthwise direction of the rubber sheet 2.

(17) In this example, the cord counting method is used to cut and divide the rubber sheet 2 which is a ply material (a) as shown in FIG. 8, into the narrow strip plies 4 for forming a band layer of a pneumatic tire.

(18) specifically, by counting the cords 3 in the rubber sheet 2 from one end E1, a marking is made at every cut-dividing position at which the cord count becomes a specified number.

(19) Then, by arranging cutters at the respective marked positions, the rubber sheet 2 is cut into a plurality of narrow strip plies 4 having the same cords count (specified number).

(20) As shown in FIG. 2, the rubber sheet 2 comprises a number (n) of cords 3 embedded in rubber (g). The cords 3 are arranged at intervals in the widthwise direction of the rubber sheet 2. An outer surface 2s of the rubber sheet 2 is formed as an uneven surface formed by alternation of convex portions 5 at which the cords 3 are located, and concave portions 6 positioned between the cords 3, 3.

(21) In the step S1, by the use of a displacement sensor 7, the outer surface 2s of the rubber sheet 2 is scanned in the widthwise direction (x-direction).

(22) Thereby, raw waveform data D1 (shown in FIG. 3 by a solid line) on the convexoconcave of the outer surface 2s is obtained. As to the displacement sensor 7, those of non-contact type such as a laser displacement gauge is preferably employed.

(23) In the step S2, the raw waveform data D1 is corrected through moving average processing. Thereby, the first corrected data D2 (shown in FIG. 3 by a broken line) on a smooth waveform from which noise has been reduced, is obtained.

(24) In the moving average processing, it is preferable to perform a moving average in a range of 20 to 30% of the average pitch distance P (shown in FIG. 2) of the cords 3.

(25) If less than 20%, it becomes difficult to reduce the noise sufficiently. If more than 30%, it becomes difficult to accurately locate positions of peaks of the convexoconcave.

(26) In order to make the waveform clearer, it is preferred to perform the moving average multiple times, for example, 10 to 20 times.

(27) The average pitch distance P is a mean value of the distances between the cords 3, 3, and is given by the following formula (1) using the width w of the rubber sheet 2 and the number (n) of the cords:
P=W/n(1).

(28) In the step S3, the second corrected data D3 is obtained as shown in FIG. 4. The second corrected data D3 is data converted so that the amplitude center j of the waveform of the first corrected data D2 becomes a straight line.

(29) In the figure, the amplitude of the second corrected data D3 is depicted in an enlarged manner.

(30) In particular, as shown conceptually in FIG. 7, M denotes midpoints in y-direction between apexes 10a of mountains 10 and apexes 11a of valleys 11 adjacent in the widthwise direction (x direction) in the waveform of the first corrected data D2.

(31) The amplitude center j is a curve passing through each midpoint M, and it can be obtained by regression analysis of the respective midpoints M.

(32) Then, by replacing the amplitude center j by a straight line in the widthwise direction (x-direction), the waveform of the second corrected data D3 is obtained.

(33) In the step S4, widthwise-direction concave-center-position data D4 is obtained as shown in FIG. 5.

(34) The concave-center-position data D4 is data on the positions Q in the widthwise direction (x-direction) of the centers of the concave portions 6, which correspond to data on the positions in the widthwise direction (x-direction) of the centers between the cords 3, 3.
In particular, used as the concave-center-position data D4 is data on the positions in the widthwise direction (x direction) of the lowest points 11b (corresponding to the apexes 11a) of the respective valleys 11 in the waveform of the second correction data D3.

(35) In the step S5, as shown in FIG. 6, with respect to the concave-center-position data D4, intervals K between the concave-center-positions Q, Q adjacent in the widthwise direction (x-direction) are compared with a predetermined upper threshold K max and lower threshold K min so as to add/delete concave-center-positions Q.

(36) Specifically, with respect to the concave-center-position data D4, the intervals K and the upper threshold K max are sequentially compared. Then, if K>K max, a concave-center-position Q1 for correction is added at the midpoint of the interval K.

(37) Further, with respect to the concave-center-position data D4, the intervals K and the lower threshold K min are sequentially compared. Then, if K<K min, among the concave-center-positions Q, Q on both sides of the concerned interval K, the concave-center-position Qa on the front side in the scan direction is deleted.
Thereby, the first corrected concave-center-position data D5 in which the addition and deletion of the concave-center-positions Q have been made, is obtained.

(38) Thus, by comparing the interval K with the upper threshold K max and lower threshold K min, the intervals K which are likely error data are detected. By adding and deleting the concave-center-positions Q with respect to the interval K, it is possible to make closer to the correct data.

(39) It is preferable that the upper threshold K max is in a range of 120 to 150% of the average pitch distance P, and the lower threshold K min is in a range of 50 to 80% of the average pitch distance P.

(40) If the upper threshold K max and lower threshold K min are out of the above-mentioned ranges, it leads to a decrease in the detection accuracy of error data.

(41) In the step S5, due to the addition and deletion of the concave-center-positions Q, there is a possibility that the total number (m) of the concave-center-positions Q becomes different from the number of the actual concave portions 6. Therefore, the step S6 is performed.

(42) In the step S6, addition/deletion is made on the concave-center-positions Q by comparing the total number (m) of the concave-center-positions Q in the first corrected concave-center-position data D5 with the number (n).

(43) More specifically, if m<(n1), then in the first corrected concave-center-position data D5, in the order from the largest interval K, a concave-center-position Q1 for correction is added at the midpoint of the interval K until becoming m=(n1).

(44) If m>(n1), then in the first corrected concave-center-position data D5, in order from the smallest interval K, a concave-center-position Qa on the front side in the scanning direction, of the recess center positions on both sides of the concerned interval K, is removed until becoming m=(n1).

(45) It is therefore, possible to obtain second corrected concave-center-position data D6 (not shown) which is further closer to the correct data.

(46) Further, the number of counts of the concave-center-positions Q in the second corrected concave-center-position data D6, can be regarded as the number of counts of the cords 3 in the rubber sheet 2.

(47) Further, it becomes possible to accurately mark out the cords 3 every specified number from one end E1 in the widthwise direction based on the second corrected concave-center-position data D6.

(48) Since the distance of each of the concave-center-positions Q from the end E1 in the widthwise direction is determined based on the raw waveform data D1 originated from the scanning, the marked-out positions are also determined.

(49) In the cord counting method of according to the present invention, it is possible to use a plurality of displacement sensors 7. In the step S1 in this case, the raw waveform data D1 is obtained from each displacement sensor 7.

(50) In each of the steps S2, S3, the first and second corrected data D2 and D3 are obtained from each set of the raw waveform data D1.

(51) In the step S4, the concave-center-position data D4 is obtained from each set of the second corrected data D3, and then the sets of the concave-center-position data D4 are averaged while superimposing the respective concave-center-positions Q. Thus, one set of the averaged concave-center-position data D4 is obtained.

(52) Then, using the concave-center-positions Q of the averaged concave-center-position data D4, the subsequent steps S5, S6 are performed.

(53) While detailed description has been made of an especially preferable embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can be embodied in various modes without being limited to the illustrated embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS

(54) 2 rubber sheet 2s outer surface 3 cord 5 protrusion 6 recess 7 displacement sensor 11 valley 11b lowest point D1 raw waveform data D2 first corrected data D3 second corrected data D4 concave-center-position data D5 first corrected concave-center-position data D6 second corrected concave-center-position data E1 one end j amplitude center P average pitch distance Q concave-center-position S1-S6 step